The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus worldwide as a nosocomial infectious agent is recognized but the reason behind the spread of this bacterium has remained elusive. Here, we hypothesized that the communication of S. aureus might benefit from it blocking other bacteria from establishing themselves on the surface. This was found to be the case for several pathogens as the S. aureus supernatant curtailed their ability to form biofilms. Subsequent analyses using Acinetobacter baumannii as a model found this effect is primarily mediated by S. aureus’ extracellular vesicles (EVs), which bound to the polystyrene surface. We found the EV-treated surfaces were significantly more hydrophilic after EV treatment, a condition that made it difficult for A. baumannii to initially adhere to the polystyrene surface and reduced its resulting biofilm by up to 93%. Subsequent tests found this also extended to several other bacterial pathogens, with a 40–70% decrease in their biofilm mass. The S. aureus EVs and their activity still remained after the surface was washed with 10% bleach, while the use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) removed both the EVs from the surface and their activity.

中文翻译：

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金黄色葡萄球菌细胞外囊泡（EVs）：生物膜形成的表面结合拮抗剂

全世界公认的金黄色葡萄球菌作为医院传染病的普遍性，但这种细菌传播的原因仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们假设金黄色葡萄球菌的传播可能会受益于它阻止其他细菌在表面上建立自身的作用。由于金黄色葡萄球菌上清液降低了它们形成生物膜的能力，因此发现了几种病原体。随后使用鲍曼不动杆菌作为模型的分析发现，这种作用主要是由金黄色葡萄球菌介导的。与聚苯乙烯表面结合的细胞外囊泡（EVs）。我们发现，经EV处理后，经EV处理的表面亲水性显着提高，这种情况使鲍曼不动杆菌难以最初粘附在聚苯乙烯表面上，从而最多减少93％的生物膜形成。随后的测试发现，这也扩展到了其他几种细菌病原体，其生物膜质量降低了40–70％。的金黄色葡萄球菌EV和它们的活性仍然保留在表面用10％的漂白剂洗涤后，而使用乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）的除去从表面和它们的活性两者的电动汽车。