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Encoding of Visual Objects in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Yue Wang, Runnan Cao, Shuo Wang
The human medial temporal lobe (MTL) plays a crucial role in recognizing visual objects, a key cognitive function that relies on the formation of semantic representations. Nonetheless, it remains unknown how visual information of general objects is translated into semantic representations in the MTL. Furthermore, the debate about whether the human MTL is involved in perception has endured for a long
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Neuronal Ensembles in the Amygdala Allow Social Information to Motivate Later Decisions J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Henry W. Kietzman, Gracy Trinoskey-Rice, Esther H. Seo, Jidong Guo, Shannon L. Gourley
Social experiences carry tremendous weight in our decision-making, even when social partners are not present. To determine mechanisms, we trained female mice to respond for two food reinforcers. Then, one food was paired with a novel conspecific. Mice later favored the conspecific-associated food, even in the absence of the conspecific. Chemogenetically silencing projections from the prelimbic subregion
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Monosynaptic Rabies Tracing Reveals Sex- and Age-Dependent Dorsal Subiculum Connectivity Alterations in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Qiao Ye, Gocylen Gast, Erik George Wilfley, Hanh Huynh, Chelsea Hays, Todd C. Holmes, Xiangmin Xu
The subiculum (SUB), a hippocampal formation structure, is among the earliest brain regions impacted in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Toward a better understanding of AD circuit-based mechanisms, we mapped synaptic circuit inputs to dorsal SUB using monosynaptic rabies tracing in the 5xFAD mouse model by quantitatively comparing the circuit connectivity of SUB excitatory neurons in age-matched controls
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Human Motor Neurons Elicit Pathological Hallmarks of ALS and Reveal Potential Biomarkers of the Disease in Response to Prolonged IFN{gamma} Exposure J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Changho Chun, Jung Hyun Lee, Mark Bothwell, Paul Nghiem, Alec S. T. Smith, David L. Mack
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder marked by progressive motor neuron degeneration and muscle denervation. A recent transcriptomic study integrating a wide range of human ALS samples revealed that the upregulation of p53, a downstream target of inflammatory stress, is commonly detected in familial and sporadic ALS cases by a mechanism linked to a transactive
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Defining Overlooked Structures Reveals New Associations between the Cortex and Cognition in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Samira A. Maboudian, Ethan H. Willbrand, Joseph P. Kelly, William J. Jagust, Kevin S. Weiner, for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Recent work suggests that indentations of the cerebral cortex, or sulci, may be uniquely vulnerable to atrophy in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and that the posteromedial cortex (PMC) is particularly vulnerable to atrophy and pathology accumulation. However, these studies did not consider small, shallow, and variable tertiary sulci that are located in association cortices and are often associated
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Recurrent Neural Circuits Overcome Partial Inactivation by Compensation and Re-learning J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Colin Bredenberg, Cristina Savin, Roozbeh Kiani
Technical advances in artificial manipulation of neural activity have precipitated a surge in studying the causal contribution of brain circuits to cognition and behavior. However, complexities of neural circuits challenge interpretation of experimental results, necessitating new theoretical frameworks for reasoning about causal effects. Here, we take a step in this direction, through the lens of recurrent
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Single-Cell Analysis of Rohon-Beard Neurons Implicates Fgf Signaling in Axon Maintenance and Cell Survival J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Adam M. Tuttle, Lauren N. Miller, Lindsey J. Royer, Hua Wen, Jimmy J. Kelly, Nicholas L. Calistri, Laura M. Heiser, Alex V. Nechiporuk
Peripheral sensory neurons are a critical part of the nervous system that transmit a multitude of sensory stimuli to the central nervous system. During larval and juvenile stages in zebrafish, this function is mediated by Rohon–Beard somatosensory neurons (RBs). RBs are optically accessible and amenable to experimental manipulation, making them a powerful system for mechanistic investigation of sensory
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Linear and Nonlinear Behaviors of the Photoreceptor Coupled Network J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Ji-Jie Pang, Xiaolong Jiang, Samuel M. Wu
Photoreceptors are electrically coupled to one another, and the spatiotemporal properties of electrical synapses in a two-dimensional retinal network are still not well studied, because of the limitation of the single electrode or pair recording techniques which do not allow simultaneously measuring responses of multiple photoreceptors at various locations in the retina. A multiple electrode recording
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Assessing Spontaneous Categorical Processing of Visual Shapes via Frequency-Tagging EEG J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Jaana Van Overwalle, Stephanie Van der Donck, Sander Van de Cruys, Bart Boets, Johan Wagemans
Categorization is an essential cognitive and perceptual process, which happens spontaneously. However, earlier research often neglected the spontaneous nature of this process by mainly adopting explicit tasks in behavioral or neuroimaging paradigms. Here, we use frequency-tagging (FT) during electroencephalography (EEG) in 22 healthy human participants (both male and female) as a direct approach to
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Converging Effects of Chronic Pain and Binge Alcohol Consumption on Anterior Insular Cortex Neurons Projecting to the Dorsolateral Striatum in Male Mice J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Yuexi Yin, David L. Haggerty, Shudi Zhou, Brady K. Atwood, Patrick L. Sheets
Chronic pain and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are highly comorbid, and patients with chronic pain are more likely to meet the criteria for AUD. Evidence suggests that both conditions alter similar brain pathways, yet this relationship remains poorly understood. Prior work shows that the anterior insular cortex (AIC) is involved in both chronic pain and AUD. However, circuit-specific changes elicited
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Age-Related Deficits in Binaural Hearing: Contribution of Peripheral and Central Effects J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Sandra Tolnai, Mariella Weiß, Rainer Beutelmann, Jens P. Bankstahl, Sonny Bovee, Tobias L. Ross, Georg Berding, Georg M. Klump
Pure-tone audiograms often poorly predict elderly humans’ ability to communicate in everyday complex acoustic scenes. Binaural processing is crucial for discriminating sound sources in such complex acoustic scenes. The compromised perception of communication signals presented above hearing threshold has been linked to both peripheral and central age-related changes in the auditory system. Investigating
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Upregulated GIRK2 Counteracts Ethanol-Induced Changes in Excitability and Respiration in Human Neurons J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Iya Prytkova, Yiyuan Liu, Michael Fernando, Isabel Gameiro-Ros, Dina Popova, Chella Kamarajan, Xiaoling Xuei, David B. Chorlian, Howard J. Edenberg, Jay A. Tischfield, Bernice Porjesz, Zhiping P. Pang, Ronald P. Hart, Alison Goate, Paul A. Slesinger
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of electroencephalographic endophenotypes for alcohol use disorder (AUD) has identified noncoding polymorphisms within the KCNJ6 gene. KCNJ6 encodes GIRK2, a subunit of a G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel that regulates neuronal excitability. We studied the effect of upregulating KCNJ6 using an isogenic approach with human glutamatergic neurons
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Intracerebral Dynamics of Sleep Arousals: A Combined Scalp-Intracranial EEG Study J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Yingqi Laetitia Wang, Tamir Avigdor, Sana Hannan, Chifaou Abdallah, François Dubeau, Laure Peter-Derex, Birgit Frauscher
As an intrinsic component of sleep architecture, sleep arousals represent an intermediate state between sleep and wakefulness and are important for sleep–wake regulation. They are defined in an all-or-none manner, whereas they actually present a wide range of scalp-electroencephalography (EEG) activity patterns. It is poorly understood how these arousals differ in their mechanisms. Stereo-EEG (SEEG)
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Mnemonic But Not Contextual Feedback Signals Defy Dedifferentiation in the Aging Early Visual Cortex J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Isabelle Ehrlich, Javier Ortiz-Tudela, Yi You Tan, Lars Muckli, Yee Lee Shing
Perception is an intricate interplay between feedforward visual input and internally generated feedback signals that comprise concurrent contextual and time-distant mnemonic (episodic and semantic) information. Yet, an unresolved question is how the composition of feedback signals changes across the lifespan and to what extent feedback signals undergo age-related dedifferentiation, that is, a decline
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In conversation with Fernando de Castro Soubriet Nat. Neurosci. (IF 25.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Elisa Floriddia
As Nature Neuroscience celebrates its 25th anniversary, we are having conversations with both established leaders in the field and those earlier in their careers to discuss how the field has evolved and where it is heading. This month we are talking to Fernando de Castro Soubriet, principal investigator at the Instituto Cajal (Spain). He is a neurodevelopmental biologist who is actively involved in
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Identification of senescent, TREM2-expressing microglia in aging and Alzheimer’s disease model mouse brain Nat. Neurosci. (IF 25.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Noa Rachmian, Sedi Medina, Ulysse Cherqui, Hagay Akiva, Daniel Deitch, Dunya Edilbi, Tommaso Croese, Tomer Meir Salame, Javier Maria Peralta Ramos, Liora Cahalon, Valery Krizhanovsky, Michal Schwartz
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Genetics of immune response to Epstein-Barr virus: prospects for multiple sclerosis pathogenesis Brain (IF 14.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Jesse Huang, Katarina Tengvall, Izaura Bomfim Lima, Anna Karin Hedström, Julia Butt, Nicole Brenner, Alexandra Gyllenberg, Pernilla Stridh, Mohsen Khademi, Ingemar Ernberg, Faiez Al Nimer, Ali Manouchehrinia, Jan Hillert, Lars Alfredsson, Oluf Andersen, Peter Sundström, Tim Waterboer, Tomas Olsson, Ingrid Kockum
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been advocated as a prerequisite for developing multiple sclerosis (MS) and possibly the propagation of the disease. However, the precise mechanisms for such influences are still unclear. A large-scale study investigating the host genetics of EBV serology and related clinical manifestations, such as infectious mononucleosis (IM), may help us better understand
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Attentional capture Nat. Rev. Neurosci. (IF 34.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Isobel Leake
A large network of brain regions is involved in salient distractor processing.
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Subtitled speech: the neural mechanisms of ticker-tape synaesthesia Brain (IF 14.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Fabien Hauw, Benoît Béranger, Laurent Cohen
Reading acquisition modifies areas of the brain associated with vision, with language, and their connections. Those changes enable reciprocal translation between orthography, and word sounds and meaning. Individual variability in the pre-existing cerebral substrate contributes to the range of eventual reading abilities, extending to atypical developmental patterns, including dyslexia and reading-related
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The language network as a natural kind within the broader landscape of the human brain Nat. Rev. Neurosci. (IF 34.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Evelina Fedorenko, Anna A. Ivanova, Tamar I. Regev
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Adaptive coding of reward in schizophrenia, its change over time and relation to apathy Brain (IF 14.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Mariia Kaliuzhna, Fabien Carruzzo, Noémie Kuenzi, Philippe N Tobler, Matthias Kirschner, Tal Geffen, Teresa Katthagen, Kerem Böge, Marco M Zierhut, Florian Schlagenhauf, Stefan Kaiser
Adaptive coding of reward is the process by which neurons adapt their response to the context of available compensations. Higher rewards lead to a stronger brain response, but the increase of the response depends on the range of available rewards. A steeper increase is observed in a narrow range, and a more gradual slope in a wider range. In schizophrenia, adaptive coding appears affected in different
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Insula->Amygdala and Insula->Thalamus Pathways Are Involved in Comorbid Chronic Pain and Depression-Like Behavior in Mice J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Jing Chen, Yuan Gao, Shu-Ting Bao, Ying-Di Wang, Tao Jia, Cui Yin, Cheng Xiao, Chunyi Zhou
The comorbidity of chronic pain and depression poses tremendous challenges for the treatment of either one because they exacerbate each other with unknown mechanisms. As the posterior insular cortex (PIC) integrates multiple somatosensory and emotional information and is implicated in either chronic pain or depression, we hypothesize that the PIC and its projections may contribute to the pathophysiology
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Focal Brain Lesions Causing Acquired Amusia Map to a Common Brain Network J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Aleksi J. Sihvonen, Michael A. Ferguson, Vicky Chen, Seppo Soinila, Teppo Särkämö, Juho Joutsa
Music is a universal human attribute. The study of amusia, a neurologic music processing deficit, has increasingly elaborated our view on the neural organization of the musical brain. However, lesions causing amusia occur in multiple brain locations and often also cause aphasia, leaving the distinct neural networks for amusia unclear. Here, we utilized lesion network mapping to identify these networks
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RANBP17 Overexpression Restores Nucleocytoplasmic Transport and Ameliorates Neurodevelopment in Induced DYT1 Dystonia Motor Neurons J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Masuma Akter, Haochen Cui, Md Abir Hosain, Jinmei Liu, Yuntian Duan, Baojin Ding
DYT1 dystonia is a debilitating neurological movement disorder, and it represents the most frequent and severe form of hereditary primary dystonia. There is currently no cure for this disease due to its unclear pathogenesis. In our previous study utilizing patient-specific motor neurons (MNs), we identified distinct cellular deficits associated with the disease, including a deformed nucleus, disrupted
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Adenosinergic Modulation of Layer 6 Microcircuitry in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Is Specific to Presynaptic Cell Type J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Chao Ding, Danqing Yang, Dirk Feldmeyer
Adenosinergic modulation in the PFC is recognized for its involvement in various behavioral aspects including sleep homoeostasis, decision-making, spatial working memory and anxiety. While the principal cells of layer 6 (L6) exhibit a significant morphological diversity, the detailed cell-specific regulatory mechanisms of adenosine in L6 remain unexplored. Here, we quantitatively analyzed the morphological
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SMARCA4 Loss and Mutated {beta}-Catenin Induce Proliferative Lesions in the Murine Embryonic Cerebellum J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Carolin Göbel, Melanie Schoof, Dörthe Holdhof, Michael Spohn, Ulrich Schüller
Almost all medulloblastomas (MB) of the Wingless/Int-1 (WNT) type are characterized by hotspot mutations in CTNNB1, and mouse models have convincingly demonstrated the tumor-initiating role of these mutations. Additional alterations in SMARCA4 are detected in ~20% of WNT MB, but their functional role is mostly unknown. We, therefore, amended previously described brain lipid binding protein (Blbp)-
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Slowing of Movements in Healthy Aging as a Rational Economic Response to an Elevated Effort Landscape J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Erik M. Summerside, Robert J. Courter, Reza Shadmehr, Alaa A. Ahmed
Why do we move slower as we grow older? The reward circuits of the brain, which tend to invigorate movements, decline with aging, raising the possibility that reduced vigor is due to the diminishing value that our brain assigns to movements. However, as we grow older, it also becomes more effortful to make movements. Is age-related slowing principally a consequence of increased effort costs from the
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Distinct Cortical Correlates of Perception and Motor Function in Balance Control J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Jasmine L. Mirdamadi, Lena H. Ting, Michael R. Borich
Fluctuations in brain activity alter how we perceive our body and generate movements but have not been investigated in functional whole-body behaviors. During reactive balance, we recently showed that evoked brain activity is associated with the balance ability in young individuals. Furthermore, in PD, impaired whole-body motion perception in reactive balance is associated with impaired balance. Here
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T-Type Ca2+ Channels Mediate a Critical Period of Plasticity in Adult-Born Granule Cells J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 William M. Kennedy, Jose Carlos Gonzalez, Haeun Lee, Jacques I. Wadiche, Linda Overstreet-Wadiche
Adult-born granule cells (abGCs) exhibit a transient period of elevated synaptic plasticity that plays an important role in hippocampal function. Various mechanisms have been implicated in this critical period for enhanced plasticity, including minimal GABAergic inhibition and high intrinsic excitability conferred by T-type Ca2+ channels. Here we assess the contribution of synaptic inhibition and intrinsic
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Skin Reinnervation by Collateral Sprouting Following Spared Nerve Injury in Mice J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Sang-Min Jeon, Aishwarya Pradeep, Dennis Chang, Leah McDonough, Yijia Chen, Alban Latremoliere, LaTasha K. Crawford, Michael J. Caterina
Following peripheral nerve injury, denervated tissues can be reinnervated via regeneration of injured neurons or collateral sprouting of neighboring uninjured afferents into denervated territory. While there has been substantial focus on mechanisms underlying regeneration, collateral sprouting has received less attention. Here, we used immunohistochemistry and genetic neuronal labeling to define the
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Internal Representations Are Prioritized by Frontoparietal Theta Connectivity and Suppressed by alpha Oscillation Dynamics: Evidence from Concurrent Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation EEG and Invasive EEG J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Justin Riddle, Trevor McPherson, Atif Sheikh, Haewon Shin, Eldad Hadar, Flavio Frohlich
Control over internal representations requires the prioritization of relevant information and suppression of irrelevant information. The frontoparietal network exhibits prominent neural oscillations during these distinct cognitive processes. Yet, the causal role of this network-scale activity is unclear. Here, we targeted theta-frequency frontoparietal coherence and dynamic alpha oscillations in the
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Threat Expectation Does Not Improve Perceptual Discrimination despite Causing Heightened Priority Processing in the Frontoparietal Network J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Nadia Haddara, Dobromir Rahnev
Threat cues have been widely shown to elicit increased sensory and attentional neural processing. However, whether this enhanced recruitment leads to measurable behavioral improvements in perception is still in question. Here, we adjudicate between two opposing theories: that threat cues do or do not enhance perceptual sensitivity. We created threat stimuli by pairing one direction of motion in a random
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Attention-Driven Modulation of Auditory Cortex Activity during Selective Listening in a Multispeaker Setting J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Sebastian Puschmann, Mor Regev, Kayson Fakhar, Robert J. Zatorre, Christiane M. Thiel
Real-world listening settings often consist of multiple concurrent sound streams. To limit perceptual interference during selective listening, the auditory system segregates and filters the relevant sensory input. Previous work provided evidence that the auditory cortex is critically involved in this process and selectively gates attended input toward subsequent processing stages. We studied at which
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Human Prosocial Preferences Are Related to Slow-Wave Activity in Sleep J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Mirjam Studler, Lorena R. R. Gianotti, Janek Lobmaier, Angelina Maric, Daria Knoch
Prosocial behavior is crucial for the smooth functioning of the society. Yet, individuals differ vastly in the propensity to behave prosocially. Here, we try to explain these individual differences under normal sleep conditions without any experimental modulation of sleep. Using a portable high-density EEG, we measured the sleep data in 54 healthy adults (28 females) during a normal night's sleep at
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DNA G-Quadruplex Is a Transcriptional Control Device That Regulates Memory J. Neurosci. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Paul R. Marshall, Joshua Davies, Qiongyi Zhao, Wei-Siang Liau, Yujin Lee, Dean Basic, Ambika Periyakaruppiah, Esmi L. Zajaczkowski, Laura J. Leighton, Sachithrani U. Madugalle, Mason Musgrove, Marcin Kielar, Arie Maeve Brueckner, Hao Gong, Haobin Ren, Alexander Walsh, Lech Kaczmarczyk, Walker S. Jackson, Alon Chen, Robert C. Spitale, Timothy W. Bredy
The conformational state of DNA fine-tunes the transcriptional rate and abundance of RNA. Here, we report that G-quadruplex DNA (G4-DNA) accumulates in neurons, in an experience-dependent manner, and that this is required for the transient silencing and activation of genes that are critically involved in learning and memory in male C57/BL6 mice. In addition, site-specific resolution of G4-DNA by dCas9-mediated
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Key genes and convergent pathogenic mechanisms in Parkinson disease Nat. Rev. Neurosci. (IF 34.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Robert Coukos, Dimitri Krainc
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Interferons: Invited guests at the brain’s gala banquet Neuron (IF 16.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 Mar Márquez-Ropero, Amanda Sierra
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From compulsivity to compulsion: the neural basis of compulsive disorders Nat. Rev. Neurosci. (IF 34.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Trevor W. Robbins, Paula Banca, David Belin
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Advancing the neuroscience of human pregnancy Nat. Neurosci. (IF 25.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Magdalena Martínez-García, Emily G. Jacobs, Ann-Marie G. de Lange, Susana Carmona
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Messenger RNA transport on lysosomal vesicles maintains axonal mitochondrial homeostasis and prevents axonal degeneration Nat. Neurosci. (IF 25.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Raffaella De Pace, Saikat Ghosh, Veronica H. Ryan, Mira Sohn, Michal Jarnik, Paniz Rezvan Sangsari, Nicole Y. Morgan, Ryan K. Dale, Michael E. Ward, Juan S. Bonifacino
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Widespread changes in alternative splicing in developing and adult mouse brain Nat. Neurosci. (IF 25.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-09
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Single-cell long-read sequencing-based mapping reveals specialized splicing patterns in developing and adult mouse and human brain Nat. Neurosci. (IF 25.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Anoushka Joglekar, Wen Hu, Bei Zhang, Oleksandr Narykov, Mark Diekhans, Jordan Marrocco, Jennifer Balacco, Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu, Teresa A. Milner, Olivier Fedrigo, Erich D. Jarvis, Gloria Sheynkman, Dmitry Korkin, M. Elizabeth Ross, Hagen U. Tilgner
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Restoring sensation to prosthetics Nat. Neurosci. (IF 25.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Henrietta Howells
Amputees often experience paresthesia and difficulties using prosthetic limbs because of impaired sensorimotor processing. Artificial peripheral nerve stimulation has shown promise in restoring brain–body communication for sensory processing. In a recent Nature Communications publication, Valle et al. report a biomimetic neurostimulation technique that improved mobility in people with lower-limb amputation
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HDAC3 stokes microglia in stroke Nat. Neurosci. (IF 25.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 George Andrew S. Inglis
Microglia play a complex role in the response to brain injury, with past work showing that these cells can both aid in the recovery from ischemic stroke and exacerbate its pathology. A recent study in Science Advances explores this topic through the chromatin remodeling protein HDAC3, which broadly activates the expression of target genes. The authors surgically induced transient focal cerebral ischemia
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Pushing the bounds on dimensionality Nat. Neurosci. (IF 25.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Luis A. Mejia
Low-dimensional representations can capture structure in neural dynamics data, but it is unclear whether additional structure is being missed, especially when larger populations are sampled. Manley et al. have imaged the activity of up to a million neurons in dorsal cortex of awake head-fixed mice to directly measure how neural dimensionality scales with population size. Using shared variance component
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Apilimod dimesylate in C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a randomized phase 2a clinical trial Brain (IF 14.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Suma Babu, Katharine A Nicholson, Jeffrey D Rothstein, Andrea Swenson, Paul J Sampognaro, Pravin Pant, Eric A Macklin, Susan Spruill, Sabrina Paganoni, Tania F Gendron, Mercedes Prudencio, Leonard Petrucelli, Darrell Nix, Sean Landrette, Esther Nkrumah, Keith Fandrick, Joan Edwards, Peter R Young
Apilimod dimesylate is a first-in-class phosphoinositide kinase, FYVE-type zinc finger containing (PIKfyve) inhibitor with favourable clinical safety profile and has demonstrated activity in preclinical C9orf72 and TDP-43 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis models. In this amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinical trial, the safety, tolerability, CNS penetrance, and modulation of pharmacodynamic target engagement
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Neuronal activity rapidly reprograms dendritic translation via eIF4G2:uORF binding Nat. Neurosci. (IF 25.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Ezgi Hacisuleyman, Caryn R. Hale, Natalie Noble, Ji-dung Luo, John J. Fak, Misa Saito, Jin Chen, Jonathan S. Weissman, Robert B. Darnell
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GDF5 as a rejuvenating treatment for age-related neuromuscular failure Brain (IF 14.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Traoré Massiré, Noviello Chiara, Vergnol Amélie, Gentil Christel, Halliez Marius, Saillard Lucile, Gelin Maxime, Forand Anne, Lemaitre Mégane, Guesmia Zoheir, Cadot Bruno, Caldas Eriky, Marty Benjamin, Mougenot Nathalie, Messéant Julien, Strochlic Laure, Sadoine Jeremy, Slimani Lofti, Jolly Ariane, De la Grange Pierre, Hogrel Jean-Yves, Pietri-Rouxel France, Falcone Sestina
Sarcopenia involves a progressive loss of skeletal muscle force, quality and mass during ageing, which results in increased inability and death; however, no cure has been established thus far. Growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) has been described to modulate muscle mass maintenance in various contexts. For our proof of concept, we overexpressed GDF5 by AAV vector injection in Tibialis Anterior
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More than 185 CAG repeats: a point of no return in Huntington’s disease biology Brain (IF 14.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Jillian Belgrad, Anastasia Khvorova
This scientific commentary refers to ‘A CAG repeat threshold for therapeutics targeting somatic instability in Huntington’s disease’ by Aldous et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awae063).
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Neurocomputational model of compulsivity: Deviating from an uncertain goal-directed system Brain (IF 14.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Taekwan Kim, Sang Wan Lee, Silvia Kyungjin Lho, Sun-Young Moon, Minah Kim, Jun Soo Kwon
Despite a theory that an imbalance in goal-directed versus habitual systems serve as building blocks of compulsions, research has yet to delineate how it occurs during an arbitration process between the two systems in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Inspired by a brain model that the inferior frontal cortex selectively gates the putamen to guide goal-directed or habitual actions, this study aimed to
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Natural primate neurobiology Nat. Rev. Neurosci. (IF 34.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Jake Rogers
A new study captures nearly the full repertoire of primate natural behaviour and reveals that highly distributed cortical activity maintains multifaceted dynamic social relationships.
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A structural role for SynGAP Nat. Rev. Neurosci. (IF 34.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Darran Yates
The synaptic protein SynGAP exerts its effects on synaptic plasticity via a structural role rather than its GTPase-activating protein activity.
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Molecular and cellular mechanisms of selective vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases Nat. Rev. Neurosci. (IF 34.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Martin Kampmann
The selective vulnerability of specific neuronal subtypes is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. In this Review, I summarize our current understanding of the brain regions and cell types that are selectively vulnerable in different neurodegenerative diseases and describe the proposed underlying cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. I highlight how recent methodological innovations
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Centripetal integration of past events in hippocampal astrocytes regulated by locus coeruleus Nat. Neurosci. (IF 25.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Peter Rupprecht, Sian N. Duss, Denise Becker, Christopher M. Lewis, Johannes Bohacek, Fritjof Helmchen
An essential feature of neurons is their ability to centrally integrate information from their dendrites. The activity of astrocytes, in contrast, has been described as mostly uncoordinated across cellular compartments without clear central integration. Here we report conditional integration of calcium signals in astrocytic distal processes at their soma. In the hippocampus of adult mice of both sexes
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Climbing fibers provide essential instructive signals for associative learning Nat. Neurosci. (IF 25.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 N. Tatiana Silva, Jorge Ramírez-Buriticá, Dominique L. Pritchett, Megan R. Carey
Supervised learning depends on instructive signals that shape the output of neural circuits to support learned changes in behavior. Climbing fiber (CF) inputs to the cerebellar cortex represent one of the strongest candidates in the vertebrate brain for conveying neural instructive signals. However, recent studies have shown that Purkinje cell stimulation can also drive cerebellar learning and the
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Tiam1-mediated maladaptive plasticity underlying morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia Brain (IF 14.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Changqun Yao, Xing Fang, Qin Ru, Wei Li, Jun Li, Zeinab Mehsein, Kimberley F Tolias, Lingyong Li
Opioid pain medications, such as morphine, remain the mainstay for treating severe and chronic pain. Prolonged morphine use, however, triggers analgesic tolerance and hyperalgesia (OIH), which can last for a long period after morphine withdrawal. How morphine induces these detrimental side effects remains unclear. Here, we show that morphine tolerance and OIH are mediated by Tiam1-coordinated synaptic
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Functional implication for myelin regeneration in recovery from ischaemic stroke Brain (IF 14.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Stavros Vagionitis, Ragnhildur Thóra Káradóttir
This scientific commentary refers to ‘Prolonged myelin deficits contribute to neuron loss and functional impairments after ischaemic stroke’ by Cheng et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awae029).
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Neuroinflammation is a player in coma, but in which role? Brain (IF 14.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Olli Tenovuo, David J Loane
This scientific commentary refers to ‘Neuroimmune activation is associated with neurological outcome in anoxic and traumatic coma’ by Sarton et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awae045).
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Preserved striatal innervation maintains motor function despite severe loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons Brain (IF 14.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Thomas Paß, Konrad M Ricke, Pierre Hofmann, Roy S Chowdhury, Yu Nie, Patrick Chinnery, Heike Endepols, Bernd Neumaier, André Carvalho, Lionel Rigoux, Sophie M Steculorum, Julien Prudent, Trine Riemer, Markus Aswendt, Birgit Liss, Bent Brachvogel, Rudolf J Wiesner
Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and their striatal axon terminals causes cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. In idiopathic cases, high levels of mitochondrial DNA alterations leading to mitochondrial dysfunction are a central feature of these vulnerable neurons. Here we present a mouse model expressing the K320E-variant of the mitochondrial helicase Twinkle
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Predictors of cognition after glioma surgery: connectotomy, structure-function phenotype, plasticity Brain (IF 14.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Guillaume Herbet, Hugues Duffau, Emmanuel Mandonnet
Determining preoperatively the maximal extent of resection that would preserve cognitive functions is the core challenge of brain tumor surgery. Over the last decade, the methodological framework to achieve this goal has been thoroughly renewed: the population-level topographically-focused voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping has been progressively overshadowed by machine learning (ML) algorithmics,