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Encoding-related Brain Activity Predicts Subsequent Trial-level Control of Proactive Interference in Working Memory J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 George Samrani, Jonas Persson
Proactive interference (PI) appears when familiar information interferes with newly acquired information and is a major cause of forgetting in working memory. It has been proposed that encoding of item–context associations might help mitigate familiarity-based PI. Here, we investigate whether encoding-related brain activation could predict subsequent level of PI at retrieval using trial-specific parametric
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Steady-state Visual Evoked Potentials Reveal Dynamic (Re)allocation of Spatial Attention during Maintenance and Utilization of Visual Working Memory J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Samson Chota, Arnaud T. Bruat, Stefan Van der Stigchel, Christoph Strauch
Visual working memory (VWM) allows storing goal-relevant information to guide future behavior. Prior work suggests that VWM is spatially organized and relies on spatial attention directed toward locations at which memory items were encoded, even if location is task-irrelevant. Importantly, attention often needs to be dynamically redistributed between locations, for example, in preparation for an upcoming
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Expectation Modulates Repetition Suppression at Late But Not Early Stages during Visual Word Recognition: Evidence from Event-related Potentials J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Bingbing Song, Werner Sommer, Urs Maurer
Visual word recognition is commonly rapid and efficient, incorporating top–down predictive processing mechanisms. Neuroimaging studies with face stimuli suggest that repetition suppression (RS) reflects predictive processing at the neural level, as this effect is larger when repetitions are more frequent, that is, more expected. It remains unclear, however, at the temporal level whether and how RS
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Neural Reward Anticipation Moderates Longitudinal Relation between Parents' Familism Values and Latinx American Youth's School Disengagement J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Varun Devakonda, Zexi Zhou, Beiming Yang, Yang Qu
Parents' familism values predict a variety of Latinx American youth's academic adjustment. However, it is unclear how cultural values such as familism interact with youth's brain development, which is sensitive to sociocultural input, to shape their academic adjustment. Using a sample of 1916 Latinx American youth (mean age = 9.90 years, SD = .63 years; 50% girls) and their primary caregivers (mean
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Neural Correlates of Analogical Reasoning on Syntactic Patterns J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Zhongshan Li, Zhuqian Zhou, Xiaoling Wang, Jinshan Wu, Luyao Chen
Analogical reasoning is central to thought and learning. However, previous neuroscience studies have focused mainly on neural substrates for visuospatial and semantic analogies. There has not yet been research on the neural correlates of analogical reasoning on syntactic patterns generated by the syntactic rules, a key feature of human language faculty. The present investigation took an initial step
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Neural Underpinnings of Learning in Dementia Populations: A Review of Motor Learning Studies Combined with Neuroimaging J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Jessica A. Korte, Alyssa Weakley, Kareelynn Donjuan Fernandez, Wilsaan M. Joiner, Audrey P. Fan
The intent of this review article is to serve as an overview of current research regarding the neural characteristics of motor learning in Alzheimer disease (AD) as well as prodromal phases of AD: at-risk populations, and mild cognitive impairment. This review seeks to provide a cognitive framework to compare various motor tasks. We will highlight the neural characteristics related to cognitive domains
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Multiplexed Levels of Cognitive Control through Delta and Theta Neural Oscillations J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Mattia F. Pagnotta, Justin Riddle, Mark D'Esposito
Cognitive control allows behavior to be guided according to environmental contexts and internal goals. During cognitive control tasks, fMRI analyses typically reveal increased activation in frontal and parietal networks, and EEG analyses reveal increased amplitude of neural oscillations in the delta/theta band (2–3, 4–7 Hz) in frontal electrodes. Previous studies proposed that theta-band activity reflects
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Bilingual Language Control in the Brain: Evidence from Structural and Effective Functional Brain Connectivity J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Gongting Wang, Lily Tao
Experience in bilingual language control is often accompanied by changes in the structure and function of the brain. Brain structural changes are also often closely related to changes in functions. Previous studies, however, have not directly explored the relationship between structural connectivity and effective functional connectivity of the brain during bilingual language control, and whether the
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Investigating the Effect of Contextual Cueing with Face Stimuli on Electrophysiological Measures in Younger and Older Adults J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Boglárka Nagy, Petia Kojouharova, Andrea B. Protzner, Zsófia Anna Gaál
Extracting repeated patterns from our surroundings plays a crucial role in contextualizing information, making predictions, and guiding our behavior implicitly. Previous research showed that contextual cueing enhances visual search performance in younger adults. In this study, we investigated whether contextual cueing could also improve older adults' performance and whether age-related differences
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Reward Reinforcement Creates Enduring Facilitation of Goal-directed Behavior J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Ian C. Ballard, Michael Waskom, Kerry C. Nix, Mark D’Esposito
Stimulus–response habits benefit behavior by automatizing the selection of rewarding actions. However, this automaticity can come at the cost of reduced flexibility to adapt behavior when circumstances change. The goal-directed system is thought to counteract the habit system by providing the flexibility to pursue context-appropriate behaviors. The dichotomy between habitual action selection and flexible
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Neural Tracking of Perceived Parent, but not Peer, Norms Is Associated with Longitudinal Changes in Adolescent Attitudes about Externalizing Behaviors J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Kathy T. Do, Mitchell J. Prinstein, Kristen A. Lindquist, Eva H. Telzer
Adolescents' perceptions of parent and peer norms about externalizing behaviors influence the extent to which they adopt similar attitudes, yet little is known about how the trajectories of perceived parent and peer norms are related to trajectories of personal attitudes across adolescence. Neural development of midline regions implicated in self–other processing may underlie developmental changes
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Multi-hierarchy Network Configuration Can Predict Brain States and Performance J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Bin Wang, Yuting Yuan, Lan Yang, Yin Huang, Xi Zhang, Xingyu Zhang, Wenjie Yan, Ying Li, Dandan Li, Jie Xiang, Jiajia Yang, Miaomiao Liu
The brain is a hierarchical modular organization that varies across functional states. Network configuration can better reveal network organization patterns. However, the multi-hierarchy network configuration remains unknown. Here, we proposed an eigenmodal decomposition approach to detect modules at multi-hierarchy, which can identify higher-layer potential submodules, and is consistent with the brain
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Lower Childhood Socioeconomic Status Is Associated with Greater Neural Responses to Ambient Auditory Changes in Adulthood J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Yu Hao, Lingyan Hu
Humans' early life experience varies by socioeconomic status, raising the question of how this difference is reflected in the adult brain. An important aspect of brain function is the ability to detect salient ambient changes while focusing on a task. Here, we ask whether subjective social status during childhood is reflected by the way young adults' brain detecting changes in irrelevant information
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Early Electrophysiological Correlates of Perceptual Consciousness Are Affected by Both Exogenous and Endogenous Attention J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Łucja Doradzińska, Michał Bola
It has been proposed that visual awareness negativity (VAN), which is an early ERP component, constitutes a neural correlate of visual consciousness that is independent of perceptual and cognitive mechanisms. In the present study, we investigated whether VAN is indeed a specific marker of phenomenal awareness or rather reflects the involvement of attention. To this end, we reanalyzed data collected
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Implicit Adaptation Is Modulated by the Relevance of Feedback J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Jonathan Tsay, Darius E. Parvin, Kristy V. Dang, Alissa R. Stover, Richard B. Ivry, J. Ryan Morehead
Given that informative and relevant feedback in the real world is often intertwined with distracting and irrelevant feedback, we asked how the relevancy of visual feedback impacts implicit sensorimotor adaptation. To tackle this question, we presented multiple cursors as visual feedback in a center-out reaching task and varied the task relevance of these cursors. In other words, participants were instructed
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The Costs (and Benefits?) of Effortful Listening for Older Adults: Insights from Simultaneous Electrophysiology, Pupillometry, and Memory J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Jack W. Silcox, Karen Bennett, Allyson Copeland, Sarah Hargus Ferguson, Brennan R. Payne
Although the impact of acoustic challenge on speech processing and memory increases as a person ages, older adults may engage in strategies that help them compensate for these demands. In the current preregistered study, older adults (n = 48) listened to sentences—presented in quiet or in noise—that were high constraint with either expected or unexpected endings or were low constraint with unexpected
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Age-related Differences in Response Inhibition Are Mediated by Frontoparietal White Matter But Not Functional Activity J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Shireen Parimoo, Cheryl Grady, Rosanna Olsen
Healthy older adults often exhibit lower performance but increased functional recruitment of the frontoparietal control network during cognitive control tasks. According to the cortical disconnection hypothesis, age-related changes in the microstructural integrity of white matter may disrupt inter-regional neuronal communication, which in turn can impair behavioral performance. Here, we use fMRI and
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The Important Role of the Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Conflict Adaptation: A Combined Voxel-Based Morphometry and Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation Study J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Ping Xu, Feng Lin, Gulibaier Alimu, Junjun Zhang, Zhenlan Jin, Ling Li
Humans can flexibly adjust their executive control to resolve conflicts. Conflict adaptation and conflict resolution are crucial aspects of conflict processing. Functional neuroimaging studies have associated the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with conflict processing, but its causal role remains somewhat controversial. Moreover, the neuroanatomical basis of conflict processing has not been
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An Unpredictable Brain Is a Conscious, Responsive Brain J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Sima Mofakham, Jermaine Robertson, Noah Lubin, Nathaniel A. Cleri, Charles B. Mikell
Severe traumatic brain injuries typically result in loss of consciousness or coma. In deeply comatose patients with traumatic brain injury, cortical dynamics become simple, repetitive, and predictable. We review evidence that this low-complexity, high-predictability state results from a passive cortical state, represented by a stable repetitive attractor, that hinders the flexible formation of neuronal
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Inferring Consciousness in Phylogenetically Distant Organisms J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Peter Godfrey-Smith
The neural dynamics of subjectivity approach to the biological explanation of consciousness is outlined and applied to the problem of inferring consciousness in animals phylogenetically distant from ourselves. The neural dynamics of subjectivity approach holds that consciousness or felt experience is characteristic of systems whose nervous systems have been shaped to realize subjectivity through a
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Error-based Implicit Learning in Language: The Effect of Sentence Context and Constraint in a Repetition Paradigm J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Alice Hodapp, Milena Rabovsky
Prediction errors drive implicit learning in language, but the specific mechanisms underlying these effects remain debated. This issue was addressed in an EEG study manipulating the context of a repeated unpredictable word (repetition of the complete sentence or repetition of the word in a new sentence context) and sentence constraint. For the manipulation of sentence constraint, unexpected words were
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The Spiraling Cognitive–Emotional Brain: Combinatorial, Reciprocal, and Reentrant Macro-organization J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Luiz Pessoa
This article proposes a framework for understanding the macro-scale organization of anatomical pathways in the mammalian brain. The architecture supports flexible behavioral decisions across a spectrum of spatio-temporal scales. The proposal emphasizes the combinatorial, reciprocal, and reentrant connectivity—called CRR neuroarchitecture—between cortical, BG, thalamic, amygdala, hypothalamic, and brainstem
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Prefrontal–Amygdala Pathways for Object and Social Value Representation J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Maia S. Pujara, Elisabeth A. Murray
This special focus article was prepared to honor the memory of our National Institutes of Health colleague, friend, and mentor Leslie G. Ungerleider, who passed away in December 2020, and is based on a presentation given at a symposium held in her honor at the National Institutes of Health in September 2022. In this article, we describe an extension of Leslie Ungerleider's influential work on the object
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Roles of the Default Mode Network in Different Aspects of Self-representation When Remembering Social Autobiographical Memories J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Azusa Katsumi, Saeko Iwata, Takashi Tsukiura
Autobiographical memory (AM) is episodic memory for personally experienced events, in which self-representation is more important than that in laboratory-based memory. Theoretically, self-representation in a social context is categorized as the interpersonal self (IS) referred to in a social interaction with a person or the social-valued self (SS) based on the reputation of the self in the surrounding
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Perceptual Awareness in Human Infants: What is the Evidence? J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz
Perceptual awareness in infants during the first year of life is understudied, despite the philosophical, scientific, and clinical importance of understanding how and when consciousness emerges during human brain development. Although parents are undoubtedly convinced that their infant is conscious, the lack of adequate experimental paradigms to address this question in preverbal infants has been a
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From Motion to Emotion: Visual Pathways and Potential Interconnections J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Aina Puce
The two visual pathway description of [Ungerleider, L. G., & Mishkin, M. Two cortical visual systems. In D. J. Dingle, M. A. Goodale, & R. J. W. Mansfield (Eds.), Analysis of visual behavior (pp. 549–586). Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1982] changed the course of late 20th century systems and cognitive neuroscience. Here, I try to reexamine our laboratory's work through the lens of the [Pitcher, D., & Ungerleider
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On the Role of Sensorimotor Experience in Facial Expression Perception J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Shruti Japee
Humans recognize the facial expressions of others rapidly and effortlessly. Although much is known about how we perceive expressions, the role of facial experience in shaping this remarkable ability remains unclear. Is our perception of expressions linked to how we ourselves make facial expressions? Are we better at recognizing other's facial expressions if we are experts at making the same expressions
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Familiarity Alters the Bandwidth of Perceptual Awareness J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Michael A. Cohen, Skyler Sung, Zaki Alaoui
Results from paradigms like change blindness and inattentional blindness indicate that observers are unaware of numerous aspects of the visual world. However, intuition suggests that perceptual experience is richer than these results indicate. Why does it feel like we see so much when the data suggests we see so little? One possibility stems from the fact that experimental studies always present observers
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Cortical and Subcortical Mechanisms of Orthographic Word-form Learning J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Yuan Tao, Teresa Schubert, Robert Wiley, Craig Stark, Brenda Rapp
We examined the initial stages of orthographic learning in real time as literate adults learned spellings for spoken pseudowords during fMRI scanning. Participants were required to learn and store orthographic word forms because the pseudoword spellings were not uniquely predictable from sound to letter mappings. With eight learning trials per word form, we observed changes in the brain's response
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Moving and Static Faces, Bodies, Objects, and Scenes Are Differentially Represented across the Three Visual Pathways J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Emel Küçük, Matthew Foxwell, Daniel Kaiser, David Pitcher
Models of human cortex propose the existence of neuroanatomical pathways specialized for different behavioral functions. These pathways include a ventral pathway for object recognition, a dorsal pathway for performing visually guided physical actions, and a recently proposed third pathway for social perception. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that different categories of moving stimuli
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Theoretical and Technical Issues Concerning the Measurement of Alpha Frequency and the Application of Signal Detection Theory: Comment on Buergers and Noppeney (2022) J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Tomoya Kawashima, Ryohei Nakayama, Kaoru Amano
Classical and recent evidence has suggested that alpha oscillations play a critical role in temporally discriminating or binding successively presented items. Challenging this view, Buergers and Noppeney [Buergers, S., & Noppeney, U. The role of alpha oscillations in temporal binding within and across the senses. Nature Human Behaviour, 6, 732–742, 2022] found that by combining EEG, psychophysics,
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Individual Alpha Frequency Contributes to the Precision of Human Visual Processing J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Luca Tarasi, Vincenzo Romei
Brain oscillatory activity within the alpha band has been associated with a wide range of processes encompassing perception, memory, decision-making, and overall cognitive functioning. Individual alpha frequency (IAF) is a specific parameter accounting for the mean velocity of the alpha cycling activity, conventionally ranging between ∼7 and ∼13 Hz. One influential hypothesis has proposed a fundamental
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A Role for Bottom–Up Alpha Oscillations in Temporal Integration J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Golan Karvat, Ayelet N. Landau
Neural oscillations in the 8–12 Hz alpha band are thought to represent top–down inhibitory control and to influence temporal resolution: Individuals with faster peak frequencies segregate stimuli appearing closer in time. Recently, this theory has been challenged. Here, we investigate a special case in which alpha does not correlate with temporal resolution: when stimuli are presented amidst strong
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Alpha-Band Frequency and Temporal Windows in Perception: A Review and Living Meta-analysis of 27 Experiments (and Counting) J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Jason Samaha, Vincenzo Romei
Temporal windows in perception refer to windows of time within which distinct stimuli interact to influence perception. A simple example is two temporally proximal stimuli fusing into a single percept. It has long been hypothesized that the human alpha rhythm (an 8- to 13-Hz neural oscillation maximal over posterior cortex) is linked to temporal windows, with higher frequencies corresponding to shorter
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Sensory Drive Modifies Brain Dynamics and the Temporal Integration Window J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Golan Karvat, Nir Ofir, Ayelet N. Landau
Perception is suggested to occur in discrete temporal windows, clocked by cycles of neural oscillations. An important testable prediction of this theory is that individuals' peak frequencies of oscillations should correlate with their ability to segregate the appearance of two successive stimuli. An influential study tested this prediction and showed that individual peak frequency of spontaneously
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Alpha-band Brain Dynamics and Temporal Processing: An Introduction to the Special Focus J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Jason Samaha, Vincenzo Romei
For decades, the intriguing connection between the human alpha rhythm (an 8- to 13-Hz oscillation maximal over posterior cortex) and temporal processes in perception has furnished a rich landscape of proposals. The past decade, however, has seen a surge in interest in the topic, bringing new theoretical, analytic, and methodological developments alongside fresh controversies. This Special Focus on
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The Influence of Alpha Frequency on Temporal Binding across the Senses: Response to the Special Focus J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Uta Noppeney, Ugo Giulio Pesci, Jan-Mathijs Schoffelen
The papers collected in this Special Focus, prompted by S. Buergers and U. Noppeney [The role of alpha oscillations in temporal binding within and across the senses. Nature Human Behaviour, 6, 732–742, 2022], have raised several interesting ideas, arguments, and empirical results relating to the alpha temporal resolution hypothesis. Here we briefly respond to these, and in the process emphasize four
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Alpha Oscillations and Temporal Binding Windows in Perception—A Critical Review and Best Practice Guidelines J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Jan-Mathijs Schoffelen, Ugo Giulio Pesci, Uta Noppeney
An intriguing question in cognitive neuroscience is whether alpha oscillations shape how the brain transforms the continuous sensory inputs into distinct percepts. According to the alpha temporal resolution hypothesis, sensory signals arriving within a single alpha cycle are integrated, whereas those in separate cycles are segregated. Consequently, shorter alpha cycles should be associated with smaller
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Impact of Monocular Retinal Lesions on Blob Size in Adult Human V1 J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Marco Marcondes, Mariana F. Farias, Luis F. Pary, Mario Fiorani, Bruss Lima, Ana Karla J. Amorim, Ricardo Gattass
We studied the attributes of cytochrome c oxidase (CytOx)-rich blobs and ocular dominance columns (OD) in human V1 associated with monocular retinal lesions. Interblob distance, blob cross-sectional area, OD width, and OD arrangement pattern were analyzed in CytOx-reacted tangential sections of flat-mounted V1 preparations. Monocular deprivation induces differential expression of CytOx in the corresponding
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Lesion-symptom Mapping of Acceptability Judgments in Chronic Poststroke Aphasia Reveals the Neurobiological Underpinnings of Receptive Syntax J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Danielle Fahey, Julius Fridriksson, Gregory Hickok, William Matchin
Disagreements persist regarding the neural basis of syntactic processing, which has been linked both to inferior frontal and posterior temporal regions of the brain. One focal point of the debate concerns the role of inferior frontal areas in receptive syntactic ability, which is mostly assessed using sentence comprehension involving complex syntactic structures, a task that is potentially confounded
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The Role of Letter–Speech Sound Integration in Native and Second Language Reading: A Study in Native Japanese Readers Learning English J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Dongyang Yan, Ayumi Seki
The automatic activation of letter–speech sound (L-SS) associations is a vital step in typical reading acquisition. However, the contribution of L-SS integration during nonalphabetic native and alphabetic second language (L2) reading remains unclear. This study explored whether L-SS integration plays a similar role in a nonalphabetic language as in alphabetic languages and its contribution to L2 reading
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Behavioral Bias for Exploration Is Associated with Enhanced Signaling in the Lateral and Medial Frontopolar Cortex J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Lasse Güldener, Stefan Pollmann
Should we keep doing what we know works for us, or should we risk trying something new as it could work even better? The exploration–exploitation dilemma is ubiquitous in daily life decision-making, and balancing between the two is crucial for adaptive behavior. Yet, we only have started to unravel the neurocognitive mechanisms that help us to find this balance in practice. Analyzing BOLD signals of
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EEG Spectral-power Volatility Predicts Problem-solving Outcomes J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Yuhua Yu, Yongtaek Oh, John Kounios, Mark Beeman
Temporal variability is a fundamental property of brain processes and is functionally important to human cognition. This study examined how fluctuations in neural oscillatory activity are related to problem-solving performance as one example of how temporal variability affects high-level cognition. We used volatility to assess step-by-step fluctuations of EEG spectral power while individuals attempted
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Entities, Uncertainties, and Behavioral Indicators of Consciousness J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 L. Syd M Johnson
Two problems related to the identification of consciousness are the distribution problem—or how and among which entities consciousness is distributed in the world—and the moral status problem—or which species, entities, and individuals have moral status. The use of inferences from neurobiological and behavioral evidence, and their confounds, for identifying consciousness in nontypically functioning
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Auditory Processing of Intonational Rises and Falls in German: Rises Are Special in Attention Orienting J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Maria Lialiou, Martine Grice, Christine T. Röhr, Petra B. Schumacher
This article investigates the processing of intonational rises and falls when presented unexpectedly in a stream of repetitive auditory stimuli. It examines the neurophysiological correlates (ERPs) of attention to these unexpected stimuli through the use of an oddball paradigm where sequences of repetitive stimuli are occasionally interspersed with a deviant stimulus, allowing for elicitation of a
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Neural Mechanisms Determining the Duration of Task-free, Self-paced Visual Perception J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Shira Baror, Thomas J. Baumgarten, Biyu J. He
Humans spend hours each day spontaneously engaging with visual content, free from specific tasks and at their own pace. Currently, the brain mechanisms determining the duration of self-paced perceptual behavior remain largely unknown. Here, participants viewed naturalistic images under task-free settings and self-paced each image's viewing duration while undergoing EEG and pupillometry recordings.
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Separable Representations for Duration and Distance in Virtual Movements J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Keri Anne Gladhill, Eva Marie Robinson, Candice Stanfield-Wiswell, Farah Bader, Martin Wiener
To navigate through the environment, humans must be able to measure both the distance traveled in space, and the interval elapsed in time. Yet, how the brain holds both of these metrics simultaneously is less well known. One possibility is that participants measure how far and how long they have traveled relative to a known reference point. To measure this, we had human participants (n = 24) perform
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Associative Visuomotor Learning Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Induces Stimulus–Response Interference J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Leslie K. Held, Emiel Cracco, Lara Bardi, Maggie Kiraga, Elio Cristianelli, Marcel Brass, Elger L. Abrahamse, Senne Braem
Classical conditioning states that the systematic co-occurrence of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus can cause the neutral stimulus to, over time, evoke the same response as the unconditioned stimulus. On a neural level, Hebbian learning suggests that this type of learning occurs through changes in synaptic plasticity when two neurons are simultaneously active, resulting in increased
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The Self-reference Effect Can Modulate Language Syntactic Processing Even Without Explicit Awareness: An Electroencephalography Study J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Miguel Rubianes, Linda Drijvers, Francisco Muñoz, Laura Jiménez-Ortega, Tatiana Almeida-Rivera, José Sánchez-García, Sabela Fondevila, Pilar Casado, Manuel Martín-Loeches
Although it is well established that self-related information can rapidly capture our attention and bias cognitive functioning, whether this self-bias can affect language processing remains largely unknown. In addition, there is an ongoing debate as to the functional independence of language processes, notably regarding the syntactic domain. Hence, this study investigated the influence of self-related
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Human Visual Cortex and Deep Convolutional Neural Network Care Deeply about Object Background J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Jessica Loke, Noor Seijdel, Lukas Snoek, Lynn K. A. Sörensen, Ron van de Klundert, Matthew van der Meer, Eva Quispel, Natalie Cappaert, H. Steven Scholte
Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) are able to partially predict brain activity during object categorization tasks, but factors contributing to this predictive power are not fully understood. Our study aimed to investigate the factors contributing to the predictive power of DCNNs in object categorization tasks. We compared the activity of four DCNN architectures with EEG recordings obtained
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The Early Subcortical Response at the Fundamental Frequency of Speech Is Temporally Separated from Later Cortical Contributions J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Alina Schüller, Achim Schilling, Patrick Krauss, Tobias Reichenbach
Most parts of speech are voiced, exhibiting a degree of periodicity with a fundamental frequency and many higher harmonics. Some neural populations respond to this temporal fine structure, in particular at the fundamental frequency. This frequency-following response to speech consists of both subcortical and cortical contributions and can be measured through EEG as well as through magnetoencephalography
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Conscious Experience of Stimulus Presence and Absence Is Actively Encoded by Neurons in the Crow Brain J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Lysann Wagener, Andreas Nieder
The emergence of consciousness from brain activity constitutes one of the great riddles in biology. It is commonly assumed that only the conscious perception of the presence of a stimulus elicits neuronal activation to signify a “neural correlate of consciousness,” whereas the subjective experience of the absence of a stimulus is associated with a neuronal resting state. Here, we demonstrate that the
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Understanding Cortical Streams from a Computational Perspective J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Zhixian Han, Anne B. Sereno
The two visual cortical stream hypothesis, which suggests object properties (what) are processed separately from spatial properties (where), has a longstanding history, and much evidence has accumulated to support its conjectures. Nevertheless, in the last few decades, conflicting evidence has mounted that demands some explanation and modification. For example, existence of (1) shape activities (fMRI)
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Homeostatic Feelings and the Emergence of Consciousness J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Antonio Damasio, Hanna Damasio
In this article, we summarize our views on the problem of consciousness and outline the current version of a novel hypothesis for how conscious minds can be generated in mammalian organisms. We propose that a mind can be considered conscious when three processes are in place: the first is a continuous generation of interoceptive feelings, which results in experiencing of the organism's internal operations;
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A Machine Learning Study of Anxiety-related Symptoms and Error-related Brain Activity J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Anna Grabowska, Filip Sondej, Magdalena Senderecka
Changes in error processing are observable in a range of anxiety-related disorders. Numerous studies, however, have reported contradictory and nonreplicating findings, thus the exact mapping of brain response to errors (i.e., error-related negativity [ERN]; error-related positivity, Pe) onto specific anxiety symptoms remains unclear. In this study, we collected 16 self-reported scores of anxiety dimensions
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EEG Searchlight Decoding Reveals Person- and Place-specific Responses for Semantic Category and Familiarity J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Andrea Bruera, Massimo Poesio
Proper names are linguistic expressions referring to unique entities, such as individual people or places. This sets them apart from other words like common nouns, which refer to generic concepts. And yet, despite both being individual entities, one's closest friend and one's favorite city are intuitively associated with very different pieces of knowledge—face, voice, social relationship, autobiographical
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Neural Signatures of Competition between Voluntary and Involuntary Influences over the Focus of Attention in Visual Working Memory J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Yun Ding, Bradley R. Postle, Freek van Ede
Adaptive behavior relies on the selection and prioritization of relevant sensory inputs from the external environment as well as from among internal sensory representations held in working memory. Recent behavioral evidence suggests that the classic distinction between voluntary (goal-driven) and involuntary (stimulus-driven) influences over attentional allocation also applies to the selection of internal
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Metacognitive Awareness and the Subjective Experience of Remembering in Aphantasia J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Michael J. Siena, Jon S. Simons
Individuals with aphantasia, a nonclinical condition typically characterized by mental imagery deficits, often report reduced episodic memory. However, findings have hitherto rested largely on subjective self-reports, with few studies experimentally investigating both objective and subjective aspects of episodic memory in aphantasia. In this study, we tested both aspects of remembering in aphantasic
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Nonfrontal Control of Working Memory J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Thomas Christophel, Simon Weber, Chang Yan, Lee Stopak, Stefan Hetzer, John-Dylan Haynes
Items held in visual working memory can be quickly updated, replaced, removed, and even manipulated in accordance with current behavioral goals. Here, we use multivariate pattern analyses to identify the patterns of neuronal activity that realize the executive control processes supervising these flexible stores. We find that portions of the middle temporal gyrus and the intraparietal sulcus represent
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The Laboratory of Brain and Cognition: A Brief History J. Cogn. Neurosci. (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Alex Martin
Leslie Ungerleider was the Chief of the Laboratory of Brain and Cognition in the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Mental Health from its creation in the early 1990s until her untimely death in 2020. Here, I describe the events leading up to the formation of the laboratory and its early history.