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Genomic Analysis and Surveillance of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Using Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Danielle M Allen, Marina I Reyne, Pearce Allingham, Ashley Levickas, Stephen H Bell, Jonathan Lock, Jonathon D Coey, Stephen Carson, Andrew J Lee, Cormac McSparron, Behnam Firoozi Nejad, James McKenna, Mark Shannon, Kathy Li, Tanya Curran, Lindsay J Broadbent, Damian G Downey, Ultan F Power, Helen E Groves, Jennifer M McKinley, John W McGrath, Connor G G Bamford, Deirdre F Gilpin
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe infections in infants, immunocompromised or elderly individuals resulting in annual epidemics of respiratory disease. Currently, limited clinical surveillance and the lack of predictable seasonal dynamics limits the public health response. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has recently been used globally as a key metric in determining prevalence of
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Clinical severity of enteric viruses detected using a quantitative molecular assay compared to conventional assays in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Jordan Cates, Helen Powell, James Platts-Mills, Dilruba Nasrin, Sandra Panchalingam, Samba O Sow, Awa Traore, Dipika Sur, Thandavarayan Ramamurthy, Anita K M Zaidi, Furqan Kabir, Abu S G Faruque, Dilruba Ahmed, Robert F Breiman, Richard Omore, John Benjamin Ochieng, M Jahangir Hossain, Martin Antonio, Inácio Mandomando, Delfino Vubil, James P Nataro, Myron M Levine, Umesh D Parashar, Karen L Kotloff
Background Quantitative molecular assays are increasingly used for detection of enteric viruses. Methods We compared the clinical severity using modified Vesikari score (mVS) of enteric viruses detected by conventional assays (enzyme immunoassays [EIA] for rotavirus and adenovirus 40/41 and conventional polymerase chain reaction for astrovirus, sapovirus, and norovirus) and a quantitative molecular
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Cost-effectiveness of 4CMenB vaccination against gonorrhea: importance of dosing schedule, vaccine sentiment, targeting strategy, and duration of protection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Dariya Nikitin, Lilith K Whittles, Jeffrey W Imai-Eaton, Peter J White
Background Observational evidence suggests the 4CMenB meningococcal vaccine may partially protect against gonorrhea, with one dose being two-thirds as protective as two. We examined the cost-effectiveness of vaccinating men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) in England, with one- or two-dose primary vaccination. Methods Integrated transmission-dynamic health-economic modeling explored the effects of targeting
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Inhibition of RhoA prevents Cryptococcus neoformans capsule glucuronoxylomannan-stimulated brain endothelial barrier disruption J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Melissa E Munzen, Cristian Mathew, Vanessa Enriquez, Amanjeet Minhas, Claudia L Charles-Niño, Durvinand Saytoo, Marta Reguera-Gomez, Michael R Dores, Luis R Martinez
Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) is an opportunistic fungus that causes severe central nervous system (CNS) disease in immunocompromised individuals. Brain parenchyma invasion requires fungal traversal of the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we describe that Cn alters the brain endothelium by activating small GTPase RhoA, causing reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and tight junction modulation
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Incidence, Clearance and Persistence of Penile High-Risk Human Papillomavirus among Rwandan Men who have Sex with Men J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Gad Murenzi, Hae-Young Kim, Jean Paul Mivumbi, Josephine Gasana, Athanase Munyaneza, Patrick Tuyisenge, Faustin Kanyabwisha, Thierry Zawadi, Benjamin Muhoza, Gallican Kubwimana, Adebola Adedimeji, Marcel Yotebieng, Leon Mutesa, Qiuhu Shi, Kathryn Anastos, Joel M Palefsky
Background Little is known about penile high-risk HPV among MSM in low-and-middle income countries. We aimed to determine the incidence, clearance and persistence of penile hrHPV among Rwandan MSM. Methods We enrolled 350 MSM (345 with valid HPV results), aged ≥18 years, at each visit (6-12 months apart), we collected penile PreservCyt specimens and blood for HPV and HIV testing, socio-demographic
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Babesia duncani, A Model Organism for Investigating Intraerythrocytic Parasitism and Novel Anti-Parasitic Therapeutic Strategies J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Tiffany Fang, Choukri Ben Mamoun
Pathogens such as Plasmodium, Babesia, and Theileria invade and multiply within host red blood cells, leading to the pathological consequences of malaria, babesiosis and theileriosis. Establishing continuous in vitro culture systems and suitable animal models is crucial for studying these pathogens. This review spotlights the B. duncani “in culture-in mouse (ICIM)” model as a promising resource for
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Vaccination: Antibody Persistence and Revaccination J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Edward E Walsh, Ann R Falsey, Agnieszka M Zareba, Qin Jiang, Alejandra Gurtman, David Radley, Emily Gomme, David Cooper, Kathrin U Jansen, William C Gruber, Kena A Swanson, Beate Schmoele-Thoma
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes substantial respiratory disease. Bivalent RSV prefusion F (RSVpreF) vaccine is licensed in ≥60-year-olds. RSVpreF was well-tolerated and immunogenic in a phase 1/2 study. We evaluated antibody persistence after initial vaccination and safety and immunogenicity after revaccination from this study. Methods Healthy adults were randomized to receive both
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Neutralization of Rubella Vaccine Virus and Immunodeficiency-Related Vaccine-Derived Rubella Viruses by Intravenous Immunoglobulins J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Min-hsin Chen, Ludmila Perelygina, LiJuan Hao, R Suzanne Beard, Cornelia Lackner, Maria R Farcet, Michael Karbiener, Joseph Icenogle, Thomas R Kreil
The association between granulomas and vaccine-derived rubella virus (VDRV) in people with primary immune deficiencies (PID) has raised concerns about the ability of immunoglobulin (IG) preparations to neutralize VDRVs. We investigated the capacity of IG to neutralize rubella vaccine virus and four VDRV strains. As expected, the rubella vaccine virus itself was potently neutralized by IG preparations;
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Building the future of ID: A call to action for quality improvement research and measurement J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Theresa Madaline, David C Classen, Joshua C Eby
Quality is central to value-based care and measurement is essential for assessing performance and understanding improvement over time. Both value-based care and methods for quality measurement are evolving. Infectious Diseases has been less engaged than other specialties in quality measure development, and Infectious Diseases providers must seize the opportunity to engage with quality measure development
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Long-term elevation of complement factors in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) encephalitis J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Markus Bauswein, Saida Zoubaa, Martina Toelge, Lisa Eidenschink, Markus J Riemenschneider, Bernhard Neumann, De-Hyung Lee, Ehab Eid, Dennis Tappe, Hans Helmut Niller, André Gessner, Barbara Schmidt, Sigrid Bülow, Klemens Angstwurm
Background Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) causes rare but severe zoonotic infections in humans, presenting as severe encephalitis. The case-fatality risk is very high and no effective countermeasures have been established so far. An immunopathology is presumed, while data on immune responses in humans are limited. Evidence of a role of the complement system in various neurological disorders and central
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Associations between ticagrelor use and the risk of infections: A Mendelian randomization study J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Meng Xia, Qingmeng Wu, Yu Wang, Yongquan Peng, Cheng Qian
Aims We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to elucidate the anti-infective effects of ticagrelor. Methods and results Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum levels of ticagrelor or its major metabolite AR-C124910XX (ARC) in the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes trial were selected as genetic proxies for ticagrelor exposure. Positive control analyses indicated
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Vaccine Elicited Antibodies Restrict Glucose Availability to Control Brucella Infection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Bárbara Ponzilacqua-Silva, Alexis S Dadelahi, Mostafa F N Abushahba, Charles R Moley, Jerod A Skyberg
The impact of vaccine-induced immune responses on host metabolite availability has not been well studied. Here we show prior vaccination alters the metabolic profile of mice challenged with Brucella melitensis. In particular, glucose levels were reduced in vaccinated mice in an antibody-dependent manner. We also found the glucose transporter gene, gluP, plays a lesser role in B. melitensis virulence
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What is the economic benefit of annual COVID-19 vaccination from the adult individual perspective? J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 Sarah M Bartsch, Kelly J O’Shea, Colleen Weatherwax, Ulrich Strych, Kavya Velmurugan, Danielle C John, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Mustafa Hussein, Marie F Martinez, Kevin L Chin, Allan Ciciriello, Jessie Heneghan, Alexis Dibbs, Sheryl A Scannell, Peter J Hotez, Bruce Y Lee
Background With COVID-19 vaccination no longer mandated by many businesses/organizations, it is now up to individuals to decide whether to get any new boosters/updated vaccines going forward. Methods We developed a Markov model representing the potential clinical/economic outcomes from an individual perspective in the United States of getting versus not getting an annual COVID-19 vaccine. Results For
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Membrane Lipids Augment Cell Envelope Stress Signaling via the MadRS System to Defend Against Antimicrobial Peptides and Antibiotics in Enterococcus faecalis J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 William R Miller, April Nguyen, Kavindra V Singh, Samie Rizvi, Ayesha Khan, Sam G Erickson, Stephanie L Egge, Melissa Cruz, An Q Dinh, Lorena Diaz, Philip C Thornton, Rutan Zhang, Libin Xu, Danielle A Garsin, Yousif Shamoo, Cesar A Arias
Enterococci have evolved resistance mechanisms to protect their cell envelopes against bacteriocins and host cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) produced in the gastrointestinal environment. Activation of the membrane stress response has also been tied to resistance to the lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin. However, the actual effectors mediating resistance have not been elucidated. Here, we show
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Respiratory syncytial virus vs. Influenza virus infection: mortality and morbidity comparison over 7 epidemic seasons in an elderly population J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 C Recto, S Fourati, M Khellaf, J-M Pawlotsky, N De Prost, H Diakonoff, C Donadio, L Pouga, C de Tymowski, C Kassasseya
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is gaining interest due to the recent development of vaccines, but it is still misdiagnosed in the elderly. The primary objective was to compare all-cause mortality at day 30. Secondary objectives were to compare clinical presentation, and rates of consolidative pneumonia, hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Methods Single-centre
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Prevotella timonensis bacteria associated with vaginal dysbiosis enhance HIV-1 susceptibility of vaginal CD4+ T cells J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Nienke H van Teijlingen, Marleen Y van Smoorenburg, Ramin Sarrami-Forooshani, Esther M Zijlstra-Willems, John L van Hamme, Hanneke Borgdorff, Janneke HHM van de Wijgert, Elisabeth van Leeuwen, Joris A M van der Post, Karin Strijbis, Carla M S Ribeiro, Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
Dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiome poses a serious risk for sexual HIV-1 transmission. Prevotella spp. are abundant during vaginal dysbiosis and associated with enhanced HIV-1 susceptibility; however, underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the direct effect of vaginal bacteria on HIV-1 susceptibility of vaginal CD4+ T cells. Notably, pre-exposure to Prevotella timonensis enhanced
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High Frequency of Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Sensitive Nucleocapsid Assays J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Joseph P Nkolola, Jinyan Liu, Ai-ris Y Collier, Catherine Jacob-Dolan, Yasmeen Senussi, Ella Borberg, Zoe Swank, David R Walt, Dan H Barouch
Prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 is typically measured by nucleocapsid serology assays. In this study, we show that the Simoa serology assays and T cell intracellular cytokine staining assays are more sensitive than the clinical Elecsys assay for detection of nucleocapsid-specific immune responses. These data suggest that the prevalence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population may be higher than
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Estimating the Potential Public Health Value of BCG Revaccination J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Rebecca A Clark, Tom Sumner, Chathika K Weerasuriya, Roel Bakker, Thomas J Scriba, Richard G White
An upcoming trial may provide further evidence that adolescent/adult-targeted BCG revaccination prevents sustained Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, but its public health value depends on its impact on overall tuberculosis morbidity and mortality, which will remain unknown. Using previously calibrated models for India and South Africa, we simulated BCG revaccination assuming 45% prevention-of-infection
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Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells are potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication and represent effector phenotypes in COVID-19 patients J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Laetitia Gay, Marie-Sarah Rouviere, Soraya Mezouar, Manon Richaud, Laurent Gorvel, Etienne Foucher, Bernard La Scola, Amélie Menard, Jérôme Allardet-Servent, Philippe Halfon, Paul Frohna, Carla Cano, Jean-Louis Mege, Daniel Olive
Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells play a key role in the innate immune response to viral infections through butyrophilin (BTN)-3A. Here, we reported that blood Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells decreased in clinically mild COVID-19 compared to healthy volunteers (HV), and was maintained up to 28-days and in the recovery period. Terminally differentiated Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells tend to be enriched on the day of diagnosis, 28-days after and during
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Safety and immunogenicity of the H56:IC31 tuberculosis vaccine candidate in adults successfully treated for drug-susceptible pulmonary TB: a phase 1 randomized trial J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Dereck Tait, Andreas Diacon, Álvaro H Borges, Elana van Brakel, David Hokey, Kathryn T Rutkowski, Devin J Hunt, Marisa Russell, Peter L Andersen, Ingrid Kromann, Morten Ruhwald, Gavin Churchyard, Rodney Dawson
Background H56:IC31 is a candidate vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) with the potential to reduce TB recurrence rate. It is thus important for future clinical trials to demonstrate safety and immunogenicity of H56:IC31 in individuals treated for TB. Methods 22 adults confirmed to be Mtb negative (by 2 GeneXpert tests or 2 sputum cultures) after four-five months of TB treatment, and not more than 28
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Diagnosis and Risk Factors of Prediabetes and Diabetes in People Living with HIV- Evaluation of Clinical and Microbiome Parameters J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Omer Bar Ziv, Avivit Cahn, Tallulah Jansen, Valery Istomin, Eynat Kedem, Karen Olshtain-Pops, Sarah Israel, Yonatan Oster, Efrat Orenbuch-Harroch, Maya Korem, Jacob Strahilevitz, Itzchak Levy, Rafael Valdés-Mas, Valeria Ivanova, Eran Elinav, Eduardo Shahar, Hila Elinav
Diabetes is more common among people living with HIV (PLWH), as compared with healthy individuals. In a prospective multicenter study (N = 248), we identified normoglycemic (48.7%), prediabetic (44.4%) and diabetic (6.9%) PLWH. HbA1c and fasting blood glucose (FBG) sensitivity in defining dysglycemia was 96.8%, while addition of oral glucose tolerance test led to reclassification of only 4 patients
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A Phase 1, Double-blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of HEV-239 (Hecolin®) Vaccine in Healthy US Adults J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Carol M Kao, Christina A Rostad, Lauren E Nolan, Etza Peters, Jennifer Kleinhenz, Jacob D Sherman, Ashley Tippett, J Wai Kuo Shih, Inci Yildirim, Vivien Agbakoba, Tatiana Beresnev, Cassandra Ballou, Satoshi Kamidani, Vinit Karmali, Muktha Natrajan, Erin M Scherer, Nadine Rouphael, Evan J Anderson
Introduction Establishing the safety and immunogenicity of a hepatitis E virus vaccine in multiple populations could facilitate broader access and prevent maternal and infant mortality. Methods We conducted a phase 1, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled (4:1 vaccine: placebo) trial of 30 µg HEV-239 (Hecolin®, Xiamen Innovax Biotech Company Limited, China) administered intramuscularly in
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Revealing the Genetic Diversity of Chinese Chlamydia trachomatis Strains Directly from Clinical Samples through Selective Whole-Genome Amplification J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Wentao Chen, Chuchan Zhou, Xin Su, Xiaona Yin, Weixi Yuan, Chuncai Hu, Wei Zhao
Background Chlamydia trachomatis is the causative agent of most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection globally. Whole-genome sequencing is essential for molecular Chlamydia surveillance; however, its application is hampered by the pathogen's low abundance in clinical specimens and the expensive, labor-intensive nature of existing enrichment methodologies for Chlamydia. Methods We developed
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Comparison of Daily versus Admission and Discharge Surveillance Cultures for Multidrug-Resistant Organism Detection in an Intensive Care Unit J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Sarah E Sansom, Teppei Shimasaki, Thelma Dangana, Michael Y Lin, Michael E Schoeny, Christine Fukuda, Nicholas M Moore, Rachel D Yelin, Christine M Bassis, Yoona Rhee, Enrique Cornejo Cisneros, Pamela Bell, Karen Lolans, Khaled Aboushaala, Vincent B Young, Mary K Hayden
Background Admission and discharge screening of patients for asymptomatic gut colonization with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is a traditional approach to active surveillance, but its sensitivity for detecting colonization is uncertain. Methods Daily rectal or fecal swab samples and clinical data were collected over 12 months from patients in one 25-bed intensive care unit (ICU) in Chicago
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Epidemiological and clinical insights into the enterovirus D68 upsurge in Europe 2021/22 and the emergence of novel B3-derived lineages, ENPEN multicentre study J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Margarida Pires Simoes, Emma B Hodcroft, Peter Simmonds, Jan Albert, Enagon K Alidjinou, Katia Ambert-Balay, Cristina Andrés, Andrés Antón, Christelle Auvray, Jean-Luc Bailly, Fausto Baldanti, Capser Bastings, Stuart Beard, Carla Berengua Pereira, Natasa Berginc, Mandy Bloemen, Soile Blomqvist, Froukje Bosma, Sindy Böttcher, Laura Bubba, Stafan Buderus, Maria Cabrerizo, Christina Calvo, Christina Celma
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections are associated with severe respiratory disease and acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). The European Non-Polio Enterovirus Network (ENPEN) aimed to investigate the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of EV-D68 and its clinical impact during the fall-winter season of 2021/22. From 19 European countries, 58 institutes reported 10,481 (6.8%) EV-positive samples of
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Monitoring progress towards the elimination of hepatitis C as a public health threat in Norway: a modelling study among people who inject drugs and immigrants J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Robert Whittaker, Jørgen E Midtbø, Hilde Kløvstad
Background The global incidence target for the elimination of hepatitis C among people who inject drugs (PWID) is <2/100. In Norway, the hepatitis C epidemic is concentrated in PWID. Immigrants are the second most important risk group for chronic infection. We modelled the incidence of hepatitis C among active PWID, and the prevalence of chronic infection among active PWID, ex-PWID and immigrants in
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Eradication of Staphylococcus aureus in Implant-Associated Osteomyelitis by an Injectable in situ-Forming Depot Antibiotics Delivery System J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Albert Juan Fuglsang-Madsen, Nicole Lind Henriksen, Elizabeth Serrano Chávez, Lasse Andersson Kvich, Julie Knippel Melsted Birch, Katrine Top Hartmann, Thomas Eriksen, Thomas Bjarnsholt, Hans Gottlieb, Thomas Lars Andresen, Louise Kruse Jensen, Jonas Rosager Henriksen, Anders Elias Hansen
Background Bone infections from Staphylococcus aureus are notoriously difficult to treat and have high recurrence rates. Local antibiotic delivery systems hold the potential to achieve high in situ antibiotic concentrations, which are otherwise challenging to achieve via systemic administration. Existing solutions have been shown to confer suboptimal drug release and distribution. Here we present and
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Predicting Increased Incidence of Common Antibiotic-Resistant and Antibiotic-Associated Pathogens Using Ensemble Species Distribution Modeling J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Siqi C Brough, Luke Caddell, Raymond J Liou, Advait Patil, Giulio De Leo, Joseph D Forrester
The Centers for Disease Control estimates antibiotic-associated pathogens result in 2.8 million infections and 38,000 deaths annually in the United States. This study applies species distribution modeling to elucidate the impact of environmental determinants of human infectious disease in an era of rapid global change. We modeled methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridioides difficile
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Antileishmanial activity of cathelicidin and its modulation by Leishmania donovani in a CREM-dependent manner for establishing infection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Shalini Roy, Souravi Roy, Madhurima Banerjee, Pratibha Madbhagat, Ajit Chande, Anindita Ukil
Concerns regarding toxicity and resistance of current drugs have been reported in visceral leishmaniasis. Anti-microbial peptides are considered as new promising candidates and amongst them, human cathelicidin hCAP18/LL-37 showed significant parasite killing on drug-sensitive and resistant Leishmania promastigotes, coupled with its apoptosis-inducing role. Administration of hCAP18/LL-37 in infected
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Clonal Expansion of a Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 3 Capsule Variant Sequence Type 700 With Enhanced Vaccine Escape Potential After 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Akuzike Kalizang'oma, Todd D Swarthout, Thandie S Mwalukomo, Arox Kamng’ona, Comfort Brown, Jacquline Msefula, Hayley Demetriou, Jia Mun Chan, Lucy Roalfe, Uri Obolski, Jose Lourenço, David Goldblatt, Chrispin Chaguza, Neil French, Robert S Heyderman
Background Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 remains a problem globally. Malawi introduced 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2011, but there has been no direct protection against serotype 3 carriage. We explored whether vaccine escape by serotype 3 is due to clonal expansion of a lineage with a competitive advantage. Methods The distribution of serotype 3 Global Pneumococcal Sequence
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Evaluation of 5 Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for the Detection of Mpox Virus J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Ramzi Fattouh, Karel Boissinot, Esther Jeong, Andrew B Mendlowitz, Calvin P Sjaarda, Henry Wong, Robert Kozak, Prameet M Sheth, Larissa M Matukas
Background In 2022, the global dissemination of mpox virus (MPXV) outside endemic regions prompted the expansion of diagnostic testing worldwide. This study assesses the performance characteristics of 5 real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays in detecting MPXV during the 2022 outbreak. Methods Clinical specimens collected from patients across Ontario, Canada, were tested on the following assays:
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Tuberculosis disease is associated with elevated plasma ribonuclease activity in antiretroviral treatment-naïve people with HIV J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Oskar Olsson, Rolf Søkilde, Fregenet Tesfaye, Sara Karlson, Sten Skogmar, Marianne Jansson, Per Björkman
Background The role of ribonucleases in tuberculosis (TB) among people with HIV (PWH) is unknown. We explored ribonuclease activity in plasma from PWH with and without TB. Methods Participants were identified from a cohort of treatment-naïve PWH in Ethiopia who had been classified for TB disease (HIV+/TB + or HIV+/TB-). Ribonuclease activity in plasma was investigated by quantification of synthetic
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Development and validation of multiplex assays for mouse and human IgG and IgA to Neisseria gonorrhoeae antigens J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Erica L Stover, Marguerite B Little, Kristie L Connolly, Lixin Li, Robert A Nicholas, Aleksandra E Sikora, Ann E Jerse, Marcia M Hobbs, J Alex Duncan, Andrew N Macintyre
There is an urgent need for vaccines against Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng), the causative agent of gonorrhea. Vaccination with an outer-membrane vesicle (OMV)-based Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) vaccine provides some protection from Ng; however, the mechanisms underlying this cross-protection are unknown. To address this need, we developed multiplexed bead-based assays for the relative quantification of
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RpoS acts as a global repressor of virulence gene expression in E. coli O104:H4 and enteroaggregative E. coli J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Petya Berger, Rexford M Dumevi, Michael Berger, Ines Hastor, Janina Treffon, Ian U Kouzel, Alexander Kehl, Natalie Scherff, Ulrich Dobrindt, Alexander Mellmann
In 2011, in Germany, Escherichia coli O104:H4 caused the enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) outbreak with the highest incidence rate of hemolytic uremic syndrome. This pathogen carries an exceptionally potent combination of EHEC- and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)-specific virulence factors. Here, we identified an E. coli O104:H4 isolate that carried a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the start
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Safety and Immunogenicity of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Amparo L Figueroa, Jamil R Azzi, Bijan Eghtesad, Frances Priddy, Dina Stolman, Uma Siangphoe, Iliana Leony Lasso, Elizabeth deWindt, Bethany Girard, Honghong Zhou, Jacqueline M Miller, Rituparna Das
Background Immunosuppressed individuals, including solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), are at high risk for severe COVID-19. Methods This open-label, phase 3b trial evaluated mRNA-1273 in 137 adult kidney and 77 liver SOTRs and 20 immunocompetent participants. In Part A, SOTRs received three 100-µg doses of mRNA-1273; immunocompetent participants received 2 doses. In Part B, an additional 100-µg
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Genetic diversity from proviral DNA as a proxy for time since HIV-1 infection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Marius Zeeb, Paul Frischknecht, Michael Huber, Corinne D Schenkel, Kathrin Neumann, Christine Leeman, Julia Notter, Andri Rauch, Marcel Stöckle, Matthias Cavassini, Enos Bernasconi, Dominique L Braun, Huldrych F Günthard, Karin J Metzner, Roger D Kouyos
HIV-1 RNA genetic diversity predicts time since infection which is important for clinical care and research. It's unclear, however, whether proviral DNA genetic diversity sampled under suppressive antiretroviral therapy can be used for this purpose. We tested whether proviral genetic diversity from NGS sequences predicts time since infection and recency in 221 people with HIV-1 with known infection
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Regulatory Considerations in the Approval of Rezafungin (REZZAYO) for the Treatment of Candidemia and Invasive Candidiasis in Adults J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Heidi L Smith, Timothy J Bensman, Shrimant Mishra, Xianbin Li, Cheryl A Dixon, Jalal Sheikh, Owen G McMaster, Abhay Joshi, Daniel B Rubin, Avery Goodwin, Terry J Miller, Zhixia Y Danielsen, Irum Syed, Sunita J Shukla, Dmitri Iarikov, Peter W Kim, John J Farley
On March 22, 2023, the FDA approved rezafungin (REZZAYO) for the treatment of candidemia and invasive candidiasis in adults with limited or no alternative treatment options. Rezafungin is an echinocandin that supports weekly dosing, enabling outpatient parenteral treatment that potentially avoids the need for a central venous catheter. Approval of rezafungin was based on a single adequate and well-controlled
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Estimated population-level impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines against all-cause pneumonia mortality among unvaccinated age groups in five Latin American countries J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Ottavia Prunas, Kayoko Shioda, Cristiana M Toscano, Magdalena Bastias, Maria Teresa Valenzuela-Bravo, Janepsy Diaz Tito, Joshua L Warren, Daniel M Weinberger, Lucia H de Oliveira
Background Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) provide strong direct protection in children, while limited data are available on their indirect effect on mortality among older age groups. This multi-country study aimed to assess the population-level impact of pediatric PCVs on all-cause pneumonia mortality among ≥5 years of age, and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases in Chile. Methods Demographic
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Outpatient visits and antibiotic use due to higher valency pneumococcal vaccine serotypes J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Laura M King, Kristin L Andrejko, Sarah Kabbani, Sara Y Tartof, Lauri A Hicks, Adam L Cohen, Miwako Kobayashi, Joseph A Lewnard
Background In 2022–2023, 15- and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15/PCV20) were recommended for infants. We aimed to estimate the incidence of outpatient visits and antibiotic prescriptions in U.S. children (≤17 years) from 2016–2019 for acute otitis media, pneumonia, and sinusitis associated with PCV15- and PCV20-additional (non-PCV13) serotypes to quantify PCV15/20 potential impacts
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Mpox-specific immune responses elicited by vaccination or infection in people living with HIV J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Eva Grüner, Marica Grossegesse, Daniel Stern, Veronica Ober, Tabea M Eser, Gabriele Reiling, Renate Stirner, Gerardo Ibarra, Nils Postel, Raffaele Conca, Christopher Dächert, Alba Grifoni, Alessandro Sette, Johannes Bogner, Ulrich Seybold, Julia Roider
In the recent mpox outbreak, people living with HIV (PLWH) were at high risk both for contracting infection and for suffering a more severe disease course. We studied cellular and humoral immune responses elicited by mpox infection (n = 5; n = 3 PLWH) or smallpox vaccination (n = 17; all PLWH) in a cohort of men who have sex with men. All PLWH were successfully treated, with stable CD4 counts and undetectable
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Safety and Immunogenicity of a Messenger RNA-Based Cytomegalovirus Vaccine in Healthy Adults: Results From a Phase 1, Randomized, Clinical Trial J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Carlos Fierro, Daniel Brune, Marian Shaw, Howard Schwartz, Conor Knightly, Jiang Lin, Andrea Carfi, Andrew Natenshon, Shiva Kalidindi, Caroline Reuter, Jacqueline Miller, Lori Panther
Background This phase 1 trial evaluated the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of mRNA-1647, an mRNA-based cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccine, in CMV-seronegative and -seropositive adults. Methods Participants were randomly assigned to receive 30, 90, 180, or 300 µg of mRNA-1647 or placebo on a 0-, 2-, and 6-month schedule and followed for 12 months after the last dose. Results A total of 154 (80
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CD40 Expression by B cells is Required for Optimal Immunity to Murine Pneumocystis Infection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Monica Sassi, Shelly J Curran, Lisa R Bishop, Yueqin Liu, Joseph A Kovacs
CD40-CD40L interactions are critical for controlling Pneumocystis infection. However, which CD40-expressing cell populations are important for this interaction have not been well-defined. We used a cohousing mouse model of Pneumocystis infection, combined with flow cytometry and qPCR, to examine the ability of different populations of cells from C57BL/6 mice to reconstitute immunity in CD40 knockout
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Systematic review of household transmission of Strep A: A potential site for prevention that has eluded attention J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Stephanie L Enkel, Samuel Barnes, Jessica Daw, Emma Pearson, Hannah M M Thomas, Nina Lansbury, Rosemary Wyber, Andrew M Redmond, Anna P Ralph, Jonathan R Carapetis, Asha C Bowen
Background Despite being the sixth most common infectious disease globally, transmission of Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A) within the household remains an understudied driver of infection. We undertook a systematic review to better understand the transmission of Strep A between people within the home while highlighting opportunities for prevention. Methods A search strategy was applied to five databases
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Patient and immunological factors associated with delayed clearance of mucosal SARS-CoV-2 RNA and symptom persistence J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Mars Stone, Bryan R Spencer, Donald E Warden, Rebecca V Fink, Paula Saa, Jennifer Leddy, Jackie Mulach-Vannoy, Rebecca Townsend, David Krysztof, Alexandria N Hughes, Clara Di Germanio, Debra A Kessler, Steven Kleinman, Michael P Busch, Philip J Norris
Serial blood and mucosal samples were characterized for 102 participants enrolled a median of 7.0 days post-COVID-19 diagnosis. Mucosal RNA was detectable a median 31.5 (95% CI 20.5 - 63.5) days, with persistence ≥1 month associated with obesity (BMI ≥30, OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.2 - 13.8) but not age, sex, or chronic conditions. Fifteen participants had likely reinfection; lower serum anti-S IgG levels were
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Nasal Delivery of Haemophilus haemolyticus Is Safe, Reduces Influenza Severity, and Prevents Development of Otitis Media in Mice J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Naomi Scott, Kelly M Martinovich, Caitlyn M Granland, Elke J Seppanen, M Christian Tjiam, Camilla de Gier, Edison Foo, Kirsty R Short, Keng Yih Chew, Alma Fulurija, Deborah H Strickland, Peter C Richmond, Lea-Ann S Kirkham
Background Despite vaccination, influenza and otitis media (OM) remain leading causes of illness. We previously found that the human respiratory commensal Haemophilus haemolyticus prevents bacterial infection in vitro and that the related murine commensal Muribacter muris delays OM development in mice. The observation that M muris pretreatment reduced lung influenza titer and inflammation suggests
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Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV Type Distribution in Penile Samples in Young Men in Denmark: Results 10 Years After Implementation of a Girls-Only HPV Vaccination Program J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Christian Munk, Kristian Reinholdt, Alexander K Kjaer, Caroline H Hemmingsen, Dorthe Ørnskov, Thomas Iftner, Marianne Waldstrøm, Susanne K Kjaer
Background In Denmark, a girls-only human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program was initiated in 2008–2009. The study aim was to assess the HPV prevalence and type distribution in younger men prior to HPV vaccination in men. Methods The study population was younger men who attended information days regarding military service. At random days (2019–2020), 280 men were included. We collected questionnaire
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Protective Role of NS1-Specific Antibodies in the Immune Response to Dengue Virus through Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Luis A Sanchez-Vargas, Anuja Mathew, Henrik Salje, David Sousa, Nicole A Casale, Aaron Farmer, Darunee Buddhari, Kathryn Anderson, Sopon Iamsirithaworn, Surachai Kaewhiran, Heather Friberg, Jeffrey R Currier, Alan L Rothman
Background Dengue virus (DENV) non-structural protein 1 (NS1) has multiple functions within infected cells, on the cell surface, and in secreted form, and is highly immunogenic. Immunity from previous DENV infections is known to exert both positive and negative effects on subsequent DENV infections, but the contribution of NS1-specific antibodies to these effects is incompletely understood. Methods
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Impact Of Low-Frequency HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations On Antiretroviral Therapy Outcomes J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Rachel Burdorf, Shuntai Zhou, Claire Amon, Nathan Long, Collin S Hill, Lily Adams, Gerald Tegha, Maganizo B Chagomerana, Allan Jumbe, Madalitso Maliwichi, Shaphil Wallie, Yijia Li, Ronald Swanstrom, Mina C Hosseinipour
Background The association between low-frequency HIV-1 drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and treatment failure (TF) is controversial. We explore this association using NGS methods that accurately sample low-frequency DRMs. Methods We enrolled women with HIV-1 in Malawi who were either ART naïve (A), had ART failure (B), or had discontinued ART (C). At entry, A and C began an NNRTI-based regimen and
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Advancing diagnosis of current HCV infection: A key to hepatitis C elimination in the United States J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Saleem Kamili, Carolyn Wester
Over 2 million adults have hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the United States, and new infections continue to increase. Without treatment, HCV infection can lead to advanced liver disease and death. Treatment is recommended for nearly everyone with hepatitis C, resulting in a cure in >95% of people treated and raising the possibility of hepatitis C elimination. Testing is the first step to accessing
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Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on viral respiratory infections: a systematic literature review J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Ingrid T Sepúlveda-Pachón, Eileen M Dunne, Germaine Hanquet, Marc Baay, Sonia Menon, Luis Jodar, Bradford D Gessner, Christian Theilacker
Background In addition to preventing pneumococcal disease, emerging evidence indicates that pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) might indirectly reduce viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) by affecting pneumococcal-viral interactions. Methods We performed a systematic review of interventional and observational studies published during 2000-2022 on vaccine efficacy/adjusted effectiveness (VE)
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Characterization of Mycobacterium orygis, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium caprae Infections in Humans in Western Canada J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Nicholas D Riopel, Richard Long, Courtney Heffernan, Gregory J Tyrrell, Cary Shandro, Vincent Li, Md Rashedul Islam, Michael Stobart, Meenu K Sharma, Hafid Soualhine, Ryan Cooper
Epidemiologic research on zoonotic tuberculosis historically used Mycobacterium bovis as a surrogate measure, however, increased reports of human tuberculosis caused by other animal-associated Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members like Mycobacterium orygis necessitates their inclusion. We performed a retrospective cohort study including persons infected with any animal-lineage M. tuberculosis
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HIV Diagnostics and Vaccines: It Takes Two to Tango J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Will Colón, Valérie Oriol Mathieu, John Hural, Lucy Hattingh, Ferdinard Adungo, Ole Lagatie, Ludo Lavreys, Mary Allen, Omu Anzala, Nicole Espy, Katrien Fransen, Patricia J Garcia, Milton Maciel, Maurine Murtagh, Sheila A Peel, Rosanna W Peeling, Litjen (L J) Tan, Mitchell Warren, Maria Grazia Pau, Patricia M D’Souza
Current serological tests for HIV screening and confirmation of infection present challenges to the adoption of HIV vaccines. The detection of vaccine-induced HIV-1 antibodies in the absence of HIV-1 infection, referred to as vaccine-induced seropositivity/seroreactivity, confounds the interpretation of test results, causing misclassification of HIV-1 status with potential affiliated stigmatization
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Hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers mediate influenza vaccine efficacy against symptomatic influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B/Victoria infections J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Wey Wen Lim, Feng Shuo, Sook-San Wong, Sheena G Sullivan, Benjamin J Cowling
Background The hemagglutination inhibition antibody (HAI) titer mediates only a part of vaccine-induced protection against influenza virus infections. Using causal mediation analysis, we quantified the proportion of vaccine efficacy mediated by post-vaccination HAI titers. Methods Causal mediation analyses were conducted using data collected for a randomized, active-comparator controlled, phase 3 trial
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Escape Velocity – The Launch of Microbiome Therapies J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Brendan J Kelly, Jennie H Kwon, Michael H Woodworth
FDA approval of the first microbiota therapeutics raises new questions about the future role of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). The authors explore these questions and suggest that FMT has unique value for research and to support patient access.
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C. albicans N-linked mannans potentiate the induction of trained immunity via Dectin-2 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Diletta Rosati, Arnab Pradhan, Julia I P van Heck, Leonie Helder, Martin Jaeger, Neil A R Gow, Leo A B Joosten, David L Williams, Alistair J P Brown, Mariolina Bruno, Mihai G Netea
The interaction between the Candida albicans cell wall and pattern recognition receptors is crucial for the initiation of host immune responses which, ultimately, contribute to the clearance of this pathogenic fungus. In the present study, we investigate the ability of C. albicans mannans to modulate immune response and induce innate immune memory (also termed trained immunity). Using mutants of C
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Functional and immunological mapping of domains of the reticulocyte binding protein, Plasmodium vivax PvRBP2a J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Matthew Zirui Tay, Weiyi Tang, Wenn-Chyau Lee, Alice Soh Meoy Ong, Wisna Novera, Benoît Malleret, Guillaume Carissimo, Ann-Marie Chacko, Abbas El-Sahili, Julien Lescar, Yiping Fan, Rose M McGready, Cindy S Chu, Jerry Kok Yen Chan, Lisa F P Ng, Bruce Russell, François Nosten, Laurent Rénia
We previously described a novel Plasmodium vivax invasion mechanism into human reticulocytes via the PvRBP2a-CD98 receptor-ligand pair. We assessed the PvRBP2a epitopes involved in CD98 binding and recognised by antibodies from infected patients using linear epitope mapping. We identified two epitope clusters mediating PvRBP2a-CD98 interaction. One cluster named cluster B (PvRBP2a431-448, TAALKEKGKLLANLYNKL)
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Impact of CFTR Modulation on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in People With Cystic Fibrosis J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Emma L Ledger, Daniel J Smith, Jing Jie Teh, Michelle E Wood, Page E Whibley, Mark Morrison, Joanna B Goldberg, David W Reid, Timothy J Wells
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multidrug-resistant pathogen causing recalcitrant pulmonary infections in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators have been developed that partially correct the defective chloride channel driving disease. Despite the many clinical benefits, studies in adults have demonstrated that while P. aeruginosa
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A Novel Anti-nucleocapsid Antibody Avidity Method for Identifying SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Liam Golding, Allison W Watts, Jacob Shew, Marina Viñeta Paramo, Louise C Mâsse, David M Goldfarb, Bahaa Abu-Raya, Pascal M Lavoie
Detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfections is challenging with current serology assays and is further complicated by the marked decrease in routine viral testing practices as viral transmission increased during Omicron. Here, we provide proof-of-principle that high-avidity anti-nucleocapsid (N) antibodies detects reinfections after a single infection with higher
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Immunologic predictors of vaccine responsiveness in patients with lymphoma and CLL J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Elise A Chong, Kingsley Gideon Kumashie, Emeline R Chong, Joseph Fabrizio, Aditi Gupta, Jakub Svoboda, Stefan K Barta, Kristy M Walsh, Ellen B Napier, Rachel K Lundberg, Sunita D Nasta, James N Gerson, Daniel J Landsburg, Joyce Gonzalez, Andrew Gaano, Madison E Weirick, Christopher M McAllister, Moses Awofolaju, Gavin N John, Shane C Kammerman, Josef Novaceck, Raymone Pajarillo, Kendall A Lundgreen
Patients with B-cell lymphomas have altered cellular components of vaccine responses due to malignancy and therapy, and the optimal timing of vaccination relative to therapy remains unknown. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines created an opportunity for new insights in vaccine timing because patients were challenged with a novel antigen across multiple phases of treatment. We studied serologic mRNA vaccine response
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Neutrophil-associated Proteins as Novel Biomarkers Elevated in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Neurosyphilis Patients J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Cuini Wang, Yan Zhang, Xiang Wang, Jiajun Zhou, Xiaoyan Wang, Gang Song, Yu Sun, Kailong Gu, Aifang Xu, Jian Huang
Background The immunopathological mechanisms underlying neurosyphilis remain incompletely elucidated, and the diagnosis of neurosyphilis presents challenges. Methods We used an antibody microarray to detect 640 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from 6 non-neurosyphilis and 10 neurosyphilis patients. The levels of CSF CXCL1, CXCL8, G-CSF, LCN2, MMP8, and MMP9 in 46 non-neurosyphilis