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Ralstonia solanacearum: An Arsenal of Virulence Strategies and Prospects for Resistance Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-28 Fabienne Vailleau, Stéphane Genin
The group of strains constituting the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is a prominent model for the study of plant-pathogenic bacteria because of its impact on agriculture, owing to its wide host range, worldwide distribution, and long persistence in the environment. RSSC strains have led to numerous studies aimed at deciphering the molecular bases of virulence, and many biological functions
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Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus Pandemic Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-02 Nida’ M. Salem, Ahmad Jewehan, Miguel A. Aranda, Adrian Fox
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging tobamovirus. It was first reported in 2015 in Jordan in greenhouse tomatoes and now threatens tomato and pepper crops around the world. ToBRFV is a stable and highly infectious virus that is easily transmitted by mechanical means and via seeds, which enables it to spread locally and over long distances. The ability of ToBRFV to infect tomato plants
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Functional Peptides for Plant Disease Control Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-02 Emilio Montesinos
Plant disease control requires novel approaches to mitigate the spread of and losses caused by current, emerging, and re-emerging diseases and to adapt plant protection to global climate change and the restrictions on the use of conventional pesticides. Currently, disease management relies mainly on biopesticides, which are required for the sustainable use of plant-protection products. Functional peptides
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Genome-Enabled Insights into Downy Mildew Biology and Evolution Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-02 Kyle Fletcher, Richard Michelmore
Oomycetes that cause downy mildew diseases are highly specialized, obligately biotrophic phytopathogens that can have major impacts on agriculture and natural ecosystems. Deciphering the genome sequence of these organisms provides foundational tools to study and deploy control strategies against downy mildew pathogens (DMPs). The recent telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of the DMP Peronospora effusa
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Phytophthora capsici: Recent Progress on Fundamental Biology and Disease Management 100 Years After Its Description Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 L.M. Quesada-Ocampo, C.H. Parada-Rojas, Z. Hansen, G. Vogel, C. Smart, M.K. Hausbeck, R.M. Carmo, E. Huitema, R.P. Naegele, C.S. Kousik, P. Tandy, K. Lamour
Phytophthora capsici is a destructive oomycete pathogen of vegetable, ornamental, and tropical crops. First described by L.H. Leonian in 1922 as a pathogen of pepper in New Mexico, USA, P. capsici is now widespread in temperate and tropical countries alike. Phytophthora capsici is notorious for its capability to evade disease management strategies. High genetic diversity allows P. capsici populations
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International Trade and Local Effects of Viral and Bacterial Diseases in Ornamental Plants Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 John Hammond, Qi Huang, Ramon Jordan, Ellis Meekes, Adrian Fox, Ines Vazquez-Iglesias, Anna Maria Vaira, Andrea Copetta, Catia Delmiglio
Since the 1950s, there have been major changes in the scope, value, and organization of the ornamental plant industry. With fewer individual producers and a strong trend toward consolidation and globalization, increasing quantities of diverse plant genera and species are being shipped internationally. Many more ornamentals are propagated vegetatively instead of by seed, further contributing to disease
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The Past Is Present: Coevolution of Viruses and Host Resistance Within Geographic Centers of Plant Diversity Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Karen-Beth G. Scholthof
Understanding the coevolutionary history of plants, pathogens, and disease resistance is vital for plant pathology. Here, I review Francis O. Holmes's work with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) framed by the foundational work of Nikolai Vavilov on the geographic centers of origin of plants and crop wild relatives (CWRs) and T. Harper Goodspeed's taxonomy of the genus Nicotiana. Holmes developed a hypothesis
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The Reemergence of Phycopathology: When Algal Biology Meets Ecology and Biosecurity Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Pedro Murúa, Andrea Garvetto, Suhelen Egan, Claire M.M. Gachon
Viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotic symbionts interact with algae in a variety of ways to cause disease complexes, often shaping marine and freshwater ecosystems. The advent of phyconomy (a.k.a. seaweed agronomy) represents a need for a greater understanding of algal disease interactions, where underestimated cryptic diversity and lack of phycopathological basis are prospective constraints for algal
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The Global Forest Health Crisis: A Public-Good Social Dilemma in Need of International Collective Action Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Geoffrey M. Williams, Matthew D. Ginzel, Zhao Ma, Damian C. Adams, Faith Campbell, Gary M. Lovett, María Belén Pildain, Kenneth F. Raffa, Kamal J.K. Gandhi, Alberto Santini, Richard A. Sniezko, Michael J. Wingfield, Pierluigi Bonello
Society is confronted by interconnected threats to ecological sustainability. Among these is the devastation of forests by destructive non-native pathogens and insects introduced through global trade, leading to the loss of critical ecosystem services and a global forest health crisis. We argue that the forest health crisis is a public-good social dilemma and propose a response framework that incorporates
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The Plant Ubiquitin–Proteasome System as a Target for Microbial Manipulation Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Gautier Langin, Manuel González-Fuente, Suayib Üstün
The plant immune system perceives pathogens to trigger defense responses. In turn, pathogens secrete effector molecules to subvert these defense responses. The initiation and maintenance of defense responses involve not only de novo synthesis of regulatory proteins and enzymes but also their regulated degradation. The latter is achieved through protein degradation pathways such as the ubiquitin–proteasome
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Ill Communication: Host Metabolites as Virulence-Regulating Signals for Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Jeffrey C. Anderson
Plant bacterial pathogens rely on host-derived signals to coordinate the deployment of virulence factors required for infection. In this review, I describe how diverse plant-pathogenic bacteria detect and respond to plant-derived metabolic signals for the purpose of virulence gene regulation. I highlight examples of how pathogens perceive host metabolites through membrane-localized receptors as well
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Kitaviruses: A Window to Atypical Plant Viruses Causing Nonsystemic Diseases Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-23 Pedro Luis Ramos-González, Gabriella Dias Arena, Aline Daniele Tassi, Camila Chabi-Jesus, Elliot Watanabe Kitajima, Juliana Freitas-Astúa
Kitaviridae is a family of plant-infecting viruses that have multiple positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genomic segments. Kitaviruses are assigned into the genera Cilevirus, Higrevirus, and Blunervirus, mainly on the basis of the diversity of their genomic organization. Cell-to-cell movement of most kitaviruses is provided by the 30K family of proteins or the binary movement block, considered an
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More Than the Sum of Its Parts: Unlocking the Power of Network Structure for Understanding Organization and Function in Microbiomes Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-23 J.P. Dundore-Arias, M. Michalska-Smith, M. Millican, L.L. Kinkel
Plant and soil microbiomes are integral to the health and productivity of plants and ecosystems, yet researchers struggle to identify microbiome characteristics important for providing beneficial outcomes. Network analysis offers a shift in analytical framework beyond “who is present” to the organization or patterns of coexistence between microbes within the microbiome. Because microbial phenotypes
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Induced Resistance in Fruit and Vegetables: A Host Physiological Response Limiting Postharvest Disease Development Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-19 Dov Prusky, Gianfranco Romanazzi
Harvested fruit and vegetables are perishable, subject to desiccation, show increased respiration during ripening, and are colonized by postharvest fungal pathogens. Induced resistance is a strategy to control diseases by eliciting biochemical processes in fruits and vegetables. This is accomplished by modulating the progress of ripening and senescence, which maintains the produce in a state of heightened
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Engineering the Crop Microbiota Through Host Genetics Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-17 Carmen Escudero-Martinez, Davide Bulgarelli
The microbiota populating the plant–soil continuum defines an untapped resource for sustainable crop production. The host plant is a driver for the taxonomic composition and function of these microbial communities. In this review, we illustrate how the host genetic determinants of the microbiota have been shaped by plant domestication and crop diversification. We discuss how the heritable component
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Integrated Nematode Management in a World in Transition: Constraints, Policy, Processes, and Technologies for the Future Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-15 Richard A. Sikora, Johannes Helder, Leendert P.G. Molendijk, Johan Desaeger, Sebastian Eves-van den Akker, Anne-Katrin Mahlein
Plant-parasitic nematodes are one of the most insidious pests limiting agricultural production, parasitizing mostly belowground and occasionally aboveground plant parts. They are an important and underestimated component of the estimated 30% yield loss inflicted on crops globally by biotic constraints. Nematode damage is intensified by interactions with biotic and abiotic factors constraints: soilborne
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Traffic Control: Subversion of Plant Membrane Trafficking by Pathogens Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-15 Enoch Lok Him Yuen, Samuel Shepherd, Tolga O. Bozkurt
Membrane trafficking pathways play a prominent role in plant immunity. The endomembrane transport system coordinates membrane-bound cellular organelles to ensure that immunological components are utilized effectively during pathogen resistance. Adapted pathogens and pests have evolved to interfere with aspects of membrane transport systems to subvert plant immunity. To do this, they secrete virulence
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Virulence and Ecology of Agrobacteria in the Context of Evolutionary Genomics Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-10 Alexandra J. Weisberg, Yu Wu, Jeff H. Chang, Erh-Min Lai, Chih-Horng Kuo
Among plant-associated bacteria, agrobacteria occupy a special place. These bacteria are feared in the field as agricultural pathogens. They cause abnormal growth deformations and significant economic damage to a broad range of plant species. However, these bacteria are revered in the laboratory as models and tools. They are studied to discover and understand basic biological phenomena and used in
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Appreciation for the Leadership of Leach and Lindow. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2022-08-26 John McDowell,Gwyn Beattie,Steve Lindow,Jan Leach
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Point-of-Care DNA Amplification for Disease Diagnosis and Management Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2022-08-26 José R. Botella
Early detection of pests and pathogens is of paramount importance in reducing agricultural losses. One approach to early detection is point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, which can provide early warning and therefore allow fast deployment of preventive measures to slow down the establishment of crop diseases. Among the available diagnostic technologies, nucleic acid amplification–based diagnostics provide
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Ecology of Yellow Dwarf Viruses in Crops and Grasslands: Interactions in the Context of Climate Change Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2022-08-26 Jasmine S. Peters, Beatriz A. Aguirre, Anna DiPaola, Alison G. Power
Our understanding of the ecological interactions between plant viruses, their insect vectors, and their host plants has increased rapidly over the past decade. The suite of viruses known collectively as the yellow dwarf viruses infect an extensive range of cultivated and noncultivated grasses worldwide and is one of the best-studied plant virus systems. The yellow dwarf viruses are ubiquitous in cereal
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Future of Bacterial Disease Management in Crop Production Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2022-07-06 Anuj Sharma, Peter Abrahamian, Renato Carvalho, Manoj Choudhary, Mathews L. Paret, Gary E. Vallad, Jeffrey B. Jones
Bacterial diseases are a constant threat to crop production globally. Current management strategies rely on an array of tactics, including improved cultural practices; application of bactericides, plant activators, and biocontrol agents; and use of resistant varieties when available. However, effective management remains a challenge, as the longevity of deployed tactics is threatened by constantly
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Climate Change Effects on Pathogen Emergence: Artificial Intelligence to Translate Big Data for Mitigation Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-02 K.A. Garrett, D.P. Bebber, B.A. Etherton, K.M. Gold, A.I. Plex Sulá, M.G. Selvaraj
Plant pathology has developed a wide range of concepts and tools for improving plant disease management, including models for understanding and responding to new risks from climate change. Most of these tools can be improved using new advances in artificial intelligence (AI), such as machine learning to integrate massive data sets in predictive models. There is the potential to develop automated analyses
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Mycovirus Diversity and Evolution Revealed/Inferred from Recent Studies Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2022-05-25 Hideki Kondo, Leticia Botella, Nobuhiro Suzuki
High-throughput virome analyses with various fungi, from cultured or uncultured sources, have led to the discovery of diverse viruses with unique genome structures and even neo-lifestyles. Examples in the former category include splipalmiviruses and ambiviruses. Splipalmiviruses, related to yeast narnaviruses, have multiple positive-sense (+) single-stranded (ss) RNA genomic segments that separately
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Exploring Soybean Resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2022-05-19 Andrew F. Bent
Resistance to the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is a topic incorporating multiple mechanisms and multiple types of science. It is also a topic of substantial agricultural importance, as SCN is estimated to cause more yield damage than any other pathogen of soybean, one of the world's main food crops. Both soybean and SCN have experienced jumps in experimental tractability in the past decade, and significant
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Facilitating Reforestation Through the Plant Microbiome: Perspectives from the Phyllosphere Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2022-05-19 Posy E. Busby, George Newcombe, Abigail S. Neat, Colin Averill
Tree planting and natural regeneration contribute to the ongoing effort to restore Earth's forests. Our review addresses how the plant microbiome can enhance the survival of planted and naturally regenerating seedlings and serve in long-term forest carbon capture and the conservation of biodiversity. We focus on fungal leaf endophytes, ubiquitous defensive symbionts that protect against pathogens.
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Molecular Interactions BetweenLeptosphaeria maculansandBrassicaSpecies Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2022-05-16 M. Hossein Borhan, Angela P. Van de Wouw, Nicholas J. Larkan
Canola is an important oilseed crop, providing food, feed, and fuel around the world. However, blackleg disease, caused by the ascomycete Leptosphaeria maculans, causes significant yield losses annually. With the recent advances in genomic technologies, the understanding of the Brassica napus–L. maculans interaction has rapidly increased, with numerous Avr and R genes cloned, setting this system up
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Diversity, Evolution, and Function of Pseudomonas syringae Effectoromes Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2022-05-10 Cedoljub Bundalovic-Torma, Fabien Lonjon, Darrell Desveaux, David S. Guttman
Pseudomonas syringae is an evolutionarily diverse bacterial species complex and a preeminent model for the study of plant–pathogen interactions due in part to its remarkably broad host range. A critical feature of P. syringae virulence is the employment of suites of type III secreted effector (T3SE) proteins, which vary widely in composition and function. These effectors act on a variety of plant intracellular
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Exploring the Emergence and Evolution of Plant Pathogenic Microbes Using Historical and Paleontological Sources Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-28 Carolyn M. Malmstrom, Michael D. Martin, Lionel Gagnevin
Biotechnological advances now permit broad exploration of past microbial communities preserved in diverse substrates. Despite biomolecular degradation, high-throughput sequencing of preserved materials can yield invaluable genomic and metagenomic data from the past. This line of research has expanded from its initial human- and animal-centric foci to include plant-associated microbes (viruses, archaea
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Pathogen Adaptation to the Xylem Environment Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-26 Leonardo De La Fuente, Marcus V. Merfa, Paul A. Cobine, Jeffrey J. Coleman
A group of aggressive pathogens have evolved to colonize the plant xylem. In this vascular tissue, where water and nutrients are transported from the roots to the rest of the plant, pathogens must be able to thrive under acropetal xylem sap flow and scarcity of nutrients while having direct contact only with predominantly dead cells. Nevertheless, a few bacteria have adapted to exclusively live in
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Recognition and Response in Plant–Nematode Interactions Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-18 Shahid Siddique, Alison Coomer, Thomas Baum, Valerie Moroz Williamson
Plant-parasitic nematodes spend much of their lives inside or in contact with host tissue, and molecular interactions constantly occur and shape the outcome of parasitism. Eggs of these parasites generally hatch in the soil, and the juveniles must locate and infect an appropriate host before their stored energy is exhausted. Components of host exudate are evaluated by the nematode and direct its migration
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Yellow Dwarf Viruses of Cereals: Taxonomy and Molecular Mechanisms Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-18 W. Allen Miller, Zachary Lozier
Yellow dwarf viruses are the most economically important and widespread viruses of cereal crops. Although they share common biological properties such as phloem limitation and obligate aphid transmission, the replication machinery and associated cis-acting signals of these viruses fall into two unrelated taxa represented by Barley yellow dwarf virus and Cereal yellow dwarf virus. Here, we explain the
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Peptide Effectors in Phytonematode Parasitism and Beyond Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-06 Melissa G. Mitchum, Xunliang Liu
Peptide signaling is an emerging paradigm in molecular plant–microbe interactions with vast implications for our understanding of plant–nematode interactions and beyond. Plant-like peptide hormones, first discovered in cyst nematodes, are now recognized as an important class of peptide effectors mediating several different types of pathogenic and symbiotic interactions. Here, we summarize what has
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The Phloem as an Arena for Plant Pathogens Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-06 Jennifer D. Lewis, Michael Knoblauch, Robert Turgeon
Although the phloem is a highly specialized tissue, certain pathogens, including phytoplasmas, spiroplasmas, and viruses, have evolved to access and live in this sequestered and protected environment, causing substantial economic harm. In particular, Candidatus Liberibacter spp. are devastating citrus in many parts of the world. Given that most phloem pathogens are vectored, they are not exposed to
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Rooting Out the Mechanisms of Root-Knot Nematode–Plant Interactions Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2022-03-22 William B. Rutter, Jessica Franco, Cynthia Gleason
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) engage in complex parasitic interactions with many different host plants around the world, initiating elaborate feeding sites and disrupting host root architecture. Although RKNs have been the focus of research for many decades, new molecular tools have provided useful insights into the biological mechanisms these pests use to infect and manipulate their
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Going Viral: Virus-Based Biological Control Agents for Plant Protection Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2022-03-18 Jeroen Wagemans, Dominique Holtappels, Eeva Vainio, Mojgan Rabiey, Cristina Marzachì, Salvador Herrero, Mohammadhossein Ravanbakhsh, Christoph C. Tebbe, Mylène Ogliastro, María A. Ayllón, Massimo Turina
The most economically important biotic stresses in crop production are caused by fungi, oomycetes, insects, viruses, and bacteria. Often chemical control is still the most commonly used method to manage them. However, the development of resistance in the different pathogens/pests, the putative damage on the natural ecosystem, the toxic residues in the field, and, thus, the contamination of the environment
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An Emerging Role for Chloroplasts in Disease and Defense Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 Pradeep Kachroo, Tessa M. Burch-Smith, Murray Grant
Chloroplasts are key players in plant immune signaling, contributing to not only de novo synthesis of defensive phytohormones but also the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species following activation of pattern recognition receptors or resistance (R) proteins. The local hypersensitive response (HR) elicited by R proteins is underpinned by chloroplast-generated reactive oxygen species. HR-induced
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Host Adaptation and Virulence in Heteroecious Rust Fungi Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 Sebastien Duplessis, Cecile Lorrain, Benjamin Petre, Melania Figueroa, Peter N. Dodds, M. Catherine Aime
Rust fungi (Pucciniales, Basidiomycota) are obligate biotrophic pathogens that cause rust diseases in plants, inflicting severe damage to agricultural crops. Pucciniales possess the most complex life cycles known in fungi. These include an alternation of generations, the development of up to five different sporulating stages, and, for many species, the requirement of infecting two unrelated host plants
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Mycotoxin Production in Fusarium According to Contemporary Species Concepts Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 Gary P. Munkvold, Robert H. Proctor, Antonio Moretti
Fusarium is one of the most important genera of plant-pathogenic fungi in the world and arguably the world's most important mycotoxin-producing genus. Fusarium species produce a staggering array of toxic metabolites that contribute to plant disease and mycotoxicoses in humans and other animals. A thorough understanding of the mycotoxin potential of individual species is crucial for assessing the toxicological
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Rice stripe virus: Exploring Molecular Weapons in the Arsenal of a Negative-Sense RNA Virus Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 Yi Xu, Shuai Fu, Xiaorong Tao, Xueping Zhou
Rice stripe disease caused by Rice stripe virus (RSV) is one of the most devastating plant viruses of rice and causes enormous losses in production. RSV is transmitted from plant to plant by the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) in a circulative–propagative manner. The recent reemergence of this pathogen in East Asia since 2000 has made RSV one of the most studied plant viruses over
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Everything Is Faster: How Do Land-Grant University–Based Plant Diagnostic Laboratories Keep Up with a Rapidly Changing World? Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 Laura C. Iles, Ana C. Fulladolsa, Alicyn Smart, John Bonkowski, Tom Creswell, Carrie L. Harmon, Ray Hammerschmidt, R. Roz Hirch, Lina Rodriguez Salamanca
Plant diagnostic laboratories (PDLs) are at the heart of land-grant universities (LGUs) and their extension mission to connect citizens with research-based information. Although research and technological advances have led to many modern methods and technologies in plant pathology diagnostics, the pace of adopting those methods into services at PDLs has many complexities we aim to explore in this review
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Genomic Approaches to Plant-Pathogen Epidemiology and Diagnostics Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 Alexandra J. Weisberg, Niklaus J. Grünwald, Elizabeth A. Savory, Melodie L. Putnam, Jeff H. Chang
Diseases have a significant cost to agriculture. Findings from analyses of whole-genome sequences show great promise for informing strategies to mitigate risks from diseases caused by phytopathogens. Genomic approaches can be used to dramatically shorten response times to outbreaks and inform disease management in novel ways. However, the use of these approaches requires expertise in working with big
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Harnessing Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Xanthomonads on Tomato and Pepper to Tackle New Problems of an Old Disease Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 Neha Potnis
Bacterial spot is an endemic seedborne disease responsible for recurring outbreaks on tomato and pepper around the world. The disease is caused by four diverse species, Xanthomonas gardneri, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, Xanthomonas perforans, and Xanthomonas vesicatoria. There are no commercially available disease-resistant tomato varieties, and the disease is managed by chemical/biological control options
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Small RNAs in Plant Immunity and Virulence of Filamentous Pathogens Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 Yongli Qiao, Rui Xia, Jixian Zhai, Yingnan Hou, Li Feng, Yi Zhai, Wenbo Ma
Gene silencing guided by small RNAs governs a broad range of cellular processes in eukaryotes. Small RNAs are important components of plant immunity because they contribute to pathogen-triggered transcription reprogramming and directly target pathogen RNAs. Recent research suggests that silencing of pathogen genes by plant small RNAs occurs not only during viral infection but also in nonviral pathogens
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Regulation of Cell Death and Signaling by Pore-Forming Resistosomes Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 Guozhi Bi, Jian-Min Zhou
Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) are the largest class of immune receptors in plants. They play a key role in the plant surveillance system by monitoring pathogen effectors that are delivered into the plant cell. Recent structural biology and biochemical analyses have uncovered how NLRs are activated to form oligomeric resistosomes upon the recognition of pathogen effectors.
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One Hundred Years of Hybrid Necrosis: Hybrid Autoimmunity as a Window into the Mechanisms and Evolution of Plant–Pathogen Interactions Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 Lei Li, Detlef Weigel
Hybrid necrosis in plants refers to a genetic autoimmunity syndrome in the progeny of interspecific or intraspecific crosses. Although the phenomenon was first documented in 1920, it has been unequivocally linked to autoimmunity only recently, with the discovery of the underlying genetic and biochemical mechanisms. The most common causal loci encode immune receptors, which are known to differ within
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Genetic Dissection of the Erwinia amylovora Disease Cycle Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 Roshni R. Kharadi, Jeffrey K. Schachterle, Xiaochen Yuan, Luisa F. Castiblanco, Jingyu Peng, Suzanne M. Slack, Quan Zeng, George W. Sundin
Fire blight, caused by the bacterial phytopathogen Erwinia amylovora, is an economically important and mechanistically complex disease that affects apple and pear production in most geographic production hubs worldwide. We compile, assess, and present a genetic outlook on the progression of an E. amylovora infection in the host. We discuss the key aspects of type III secretion–mediated infection and
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Interkingdom Signaling Interference: The Effect of Plant-Derived Small Molecules on Quorum Sensing in Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 Janak Raj Joshi, Netaly Khazanov, Amy Charkowski, Adi Faigenboim, Hanoch Senderowitz, Iris Yedidia
In the battle between bacteria and plants, bacteria often use a population density–dependent regulatory system known as quorum sensing (QS) to coordinate virulence gene expression. In response, plants use innate and induced defense mechanisms that include low-molecular-weight compounds, some of which serve as antivirulence agents by interfering with the QS machinery. The best-characterized QS system
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Models of Plant Resistance Deployment Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 Loup Rimbaud, Frédéric Fabre, Julien Papaïx, Benoît Moury, Christian Lannou, Luke G. Barrett, Peter H. Thrall
Owing to their evolutionary potential, plant pathogens are able to rapidly adapt to genetically controlled plant resistance, often resulting in resistance breakdown and major epidemics in agricultural crops. Various deployment strategies have been proposed to improve resistance management. Globally, these rely on careful selection of resistance sources and their combination at various spatiotemporal
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Emerging Roles of Posttranslational Modifications in Plant-Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 Wende Liu, Lindsay Triplett, Xiao-Lin Chen
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play crucial roles in regulating protein function and thereby control many cellular processes and biological phenotypes in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Several recent studies illustrate how plant fungal and bacterial pathogens use these PTMs to facilitate development, stress response, and host infection. In this review, we discuss PTMs that have key roles
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Characterization of Effector–Target Interactions in Necrotrophic Pathosystems Reveals Trends and Variation in Host Manipulation Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 Timothy L. Friesen, Justin D. Faris
Great strides have been made in defining the details of the plant defense response involving biotrophic fungal and bacterial pathogens. The groundwork for the current model was laid by H.H. Flor and others who defined the gene-for-gene hypothesis, which is now known to involve effector-triggered immunity (ETI). PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) is also a highly effective response to most pathogens because
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Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) in Plant Innate Immunity: Applying the Danger Model and Evolutionary Perspectives Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 Kiwamu Tanaka, Martin Heil
Danger signals trigger immune responses upon perception by a complex surveillance system. Such signals can originate from the infectious nonself or the damaged self, the latter termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Here, we apply Matzinger's danger model to plant innate immunity to discuss the adaptive advantages of DAMPs and their integration into preexisting signaling pathways. Constitutive
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Key Insights and Research Prospects at the Dawn of the Population Genomics Era for Verticillium dahliae Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 Jie-Yin Chen, Steven J. Klosterman, Xiao-Ping Hu, Xiao-Feng Dai, Krishna V. Subbarao
The genomics era has ushered in exciting possibilities to examine the genetic bases that undergird the characteristic features of Verticillium dahliae and other plant pathogens. In this review, we provide historical perspectives on some of the salient biological characteristics of V. dahliae, including its morphology, microsclerotia formation, host range, disease symptoms, vascular niche, reproduction
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Research Advances in Potyviruses: From the Laboratory Bench to the Field Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 Xiuling Yang, Yinzi Li, Aiming Wang
Potyviruses (viruses in the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) constitute the largest group of known plant-infecting RNA viruses and include many agriculturally important viruses that cause devastating epidemics and significant yield losses in many crops worldwide. Several potyviruses are recognized as the most economically important viral pathogens. Therefore, potyviruses are more studied than other
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Regulation of Cell Death and Signaling by Pore-Forming Resistosomes. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-05-06 Guozhi Bi,Jian-Min Zhou
Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) are the largest class of immune receptors in plants. They play a key role in the plant surveillance system by monitoring pathogen effectors that are delivered into the plant cell. Recent structural biology and biochemical analyses have uncovered how NLRs are activated to form oligomeric resistosomes upon the recognition of pathogen effectors.
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Genetic Dissection of the Erwinia amylovora Disease Cycle. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-05-04 Roshni R Kharadi,Jeffrey K Schachterle,Xiaochen Yuan,Luisa F Castiblanco,Jingyu Peng,Suzanne M Slack,Quan Zeng,George W Sundin
Fire blight, caused by the bacterial phytopathogen Erwinia amylovora, is an economically important and mechanistically complex disease that affects apple and pear production in most geographic production hubs worldwide. We compile, assess, and present a genetic outlook on the progression of an E. amylovora infection in the host. We discuss the key aspects of type III secretion-mediated infection and
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One Hundred Years of Hybrid Necrosis: Hybrid Autoimmunity as a Window into the Mechanisms and Evolution of Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-05-04 Lei Li,Detlef Weigel
Hybrid necrosis in plants refers to a genetic autoimmunity syndrome in the progeny of interspecific or intraspecific crosses. Although the phenomenon was first documented in 1920, it has been unequivocally linked to autoimmunity only recently, with the discovery of the underlying genetic and biochemical mechanisms. The most common causal loci encode immune receptors, which are known to differ within
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Models of Plant Resistance Deployment. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-04-30 Loup Rimbaud,Frédéric Fabre,Julien Papaïx,Benoît Moury,Christian Lannou,Luke G Barrett,Peter H Thrall
Owing to their evolutionary potential, plant pathogens are able to rapidly adapt to genetically controlled plant resistance, often resulting in resistance breakdown and major epidemics in agricultural crops. Various deployment strategies have been proposed to improve resistance management. Globally, these rely on careful selection of resistance sources and their combination at various spatiotemporal
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Emerging Roles of Posttranslational Modifications in Plant-Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-04-28 Wende Liu,Lindsay Triplett,Xiao-Lin Chen
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play crucial roles in regulating protein function and thereby control many cellular processes and biological phenotypes in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Several recent studies illustrate how plant fungal and bacterial pathogens use these PTMs to facilitate development, stress response, and host infection. In this review, we discuss PTMs that have key roles
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Characterization of Effector-Target Interactions in Necrotrophic Pathosystems Reveals Trends and Variation in Host Manipulation. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. (IF 10.2) Pub Date : 2021-04-28 Timothy L Friesen,Justin D Faris
Great strides have been made in defining the details of the plant defense response involving biotrophic fungal and bacterial pathogens. The groundwork for the current model was laid by H.H. Flor and others who defined the gene-for-gene hypothesis, which is now known to involve effector-triggered immunity (ETI). PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) is also a highly effective response to most pathogens because