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Reaction amplification with a gain: Triplet exciton–mediated quantum chain using mixed crystals with a tailor-made triplet sensitizer Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Indrajit Paul, Krzysztof A. Konieczny, Roberto Chavez, Miguel A. Garcia-Garibay
Photochemical valence bond isomerization of a crystalline Dewar benzene ( DB ) diacid monoanion salt with an acetophenone-linked piperazinium cation that serves as an intramolecular triplet energy sensitizer ( DB-AcPh-Pz ) exhibits a quantum chain reaction with as many as 450 product molecules per photon absorbed (Φ ≈ 450). By contrast, isomorphous crystals of the DB diacid monosalt of an ethylbenzene-linked
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Defining T cell receptor repertoires using nanovial-based binding and functional screening Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Doyeon Koo, Zhiyuan Mao, Robert Dimatteo, Miyako Noguchi, Natalie Tsubamoto, Jami McLaughlin, Wendy Tran, Sohyung Lee, Donghui Cheng, Joseph de Rutte, Giselle Burton Sojo, Owen N. Witte, Dino Di Carlo
The ability to selectively bind to antigenic peptides and secrete effector molecules can define rare and low-affinity populations of cells with therapeutic potential in emerging T cell receptor (TCR) immunotherapies. We leverage cavity-containing hydrogel microparticles, called nanovials, each coated with peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) monomers to isolate antigen-reactive T cells.
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Maintenance of persistent transmission of a plant arbovirus in its insect vector mediated by the Toll-Dorsal immune pathway Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Yu-Juan He, Gang Lu, Bo-Jie Xu, Qian-Zhuo Mao, Yu-Hua Qi, Gao-Yang Jiao, Hai-Tao Weng, Yan-Zhen Tian, Hai-Jian Huang, Chuan-Xi Zhang, Jian-Ping Chen, Jun-Min Li
Throughout evolution, arboviruses have developed various strategies to counteract the host’s innate immune defenses to maintain persistent transmission. Recent studies have shown that, in addition to bacteria and fungi, the innate Toll-Dorsal immune system also plays an essential role in preventing viral infections in invertebrates. However, whether the classical Toll immune pathway is involved in
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Structural and electronic transformations of GeSe 2 glass under high pressures studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Emin Mijit, Murat Durandurdu, João Elias F. S. Rodrigues, Angela Trapananti, S. Javad Rezvani, Angelika Dorothea Rosa, Olivier Mathon, Tetsuo Irifune, Andrea Di Cicco
Pressure-induced transformations in an archetypal chalcogenide glass (GeSe 2 ) have been investigated up to 157 GPa by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Ge and Se K-edge XAS data allowed simultaneous tracking of the correlated local structural and electronic changes at both Ge and Se sites. Thanks to the simultaneous analysis of extended X-ray absorption fine
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Multi-axis fields boost SABRE hyperpolarization Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Jacob R. Lindale, Loren L. Smith, Mathew W. Mammen, Shannon L. Eriksson, Lucas M. Everhart, Warren S. Warren
The inherently low signal-to-noise ratio of NMR and MRI is now being addressed by hyperpolarization methods. For example, iridium-based catalysts that reversibly bind both parahydrogen and ligands in solution can hyperpolarize protons (SABRE) or heteronuclei (X-SABRE) on a wide variety of ligands, using a complex interplay of spin dynamics and chemical exchange processes, with common signal enhancements
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Needs for a conceptual bridge between biological domestication and early food globalization Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Xinyi Liu, Martin Jones
The past 15 y has seen much development in documentation of domestication of plants and animals as gradual traditions spanning millennia. There has also been considerable momentum in understanding the dispersals of major domesticated taxa across continents spanning thousands of miles. The two processes are often considered within different theoretical strains. What is missing from our repertoire of
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Causal functional maps of brain rhythms in working memory Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Miles Wischnewski, Taylor A. Berger, Alexander Opitz, Ivan Alekseichuk
Human working memory is a key cognitive process that engages multiple functional anatomical nodes across the brain. Despite a plethora of correlative neuroimaging evidence regarding the working memory architecture, our understanding of critical hubs causally controlling overall performance is incomplete. Causal interpretation requires cognitive testing following safe, temporal, and controllable neuromodulation
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RCHY1 and OPTN are required for melanophagy, selective autophagy of melanosomes Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Ki Won Lee, Ki-jun Ryu, Minju Kim, Seyeon Lim, Jisu Kim, Jeong Yoon Kim, Cheol Hwangbo, Jiyun Yoo, Yong-Yeon Cho, Kwang Dong Kim
Melanosomes are specific organelles dedicated to melanin synthesis and accumulation in melanocytes. Autophagy is suggestively involved in melanosome degradation, although the potential underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In selective autophagy, autophagy receptors and E3-ligases are the key factors conferring cargo selectivity. In B16F10 cells, β-mangostin efficiently induced melanosome
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Elasticity and rheology of auxetic granular metamaterials Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Daan Haver, Daniel Acuña, Shahram Janbaz, Edan Lerner, Gustavo Düring, Corentin Coulais
The flowing, jamming, and avalanche behavior of granular materials is satisfyingly universal and vexingly hard to tune: A granular flow is typically intermittent and will irremediably jam if too confined. Here, we show that granular metamaterials made from particles with a negative Poisson’s ratio yield more easily and flow more smoothly than ordinary granular materials. We first create a collection
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Trimethylamine-N-oxide depletes urea in a peptide solvation shell Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Mazin Nasralla, Harrison Laurent, Oliver L. G. Alderman, Thomas F. Headen, Lorna Dougan
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and urea are metabolites that are used by some marine animals to maintain their cell volume in a saline environment. Urea is a well-known denaturant, and TMAO is a protective osmolyte that counteracts urea-induced protein denaturation. TMAO also has a general protein-protective effect, for example, it counters pressure-induced protein denaturation in deep-sea fish. These
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Phosphocholine-induced energy source shift alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction in lung cells caused by geospecific PM 2.5 components Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Yuanyuan Song, Yanhao Zhang, Lin Zhu, Yanyan Chen, Yi-Jie Chen, Zhitong Zhu, Jieqing Feng, Zenghua Qi, Jian Zhen Yu, Zhu Yang, Zongwei Cai
Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is globally recognized for its adverse implications on human health. Yet, remain limited the individual contribution of particular PM 2.5 components to its toxicity, especially considering regional disparities. Moreover, prevention solutions for PM 2.5 -associated health effects are scarce. In the present study, we comprehensively characterized and compared the primary
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Utilizing developmental dynamics for evolutionary prediction and control Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Lisandro Milocco, Tobias Uller
Understanding, predicting, and controlling the phenotypic consequences of genetic and environmental change is essential to many areas of fundamental and applied biology. In evolutionary biology, the generative process of development is a major source of organismal evolvability that constrains or facilitates adaptive change by shaping the distribution of phenotypic variation that selection can act upon
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Normalizing granuloma vasculature and matrix improves drug delivery and reduces bacterial burden in tuberculosis-infected rabbits Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Meenal Datta, Laura E. Via, Véronique Dartois, Danielle M. Weiner, Matthew Zimmerman, Firat Kaya, April M. Walker, Joel D. Fleegle, Isaac D. Raplee, Colton McNinch, Maksym Zarodniuk, Walid S. Kamoun, Changli Yue, Ashwin S. Kumar, Sonu Subudhi, Lei Xu, Clifton E. Barry, Rakesh K. Jain
Host-directed therapies (HDTs) represent an emerging approach for bacterial clearance during tuberculosis (TB) infection. While most HDTs are designed and implemented for immuno-modulation, other host targets—such as nonimmune stromal components found in pulmonary granulomas—may prove equally viable. Building on our previous work characterizing and normalizing the aberrant granuloma-associated vasculature
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Costs of being a diet generalist for the protist predator Dictyostelium discoideum Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 P. M. Shreenidhi, Debra A. Brock, Rachel I. McCabe, Joan E. Strassmann, David C. Queller
Consumers range from specialists that feed on few resources to generalists that feed on many. Generalism has the clear advantage of having more resources to exploit, but the costs that limit generalism are less clear. We explore two understudied costs of generalism in a generalist amoeba predator, Dictyostelium discoideum , feeding on naturally co-occurring bacterial prey. Both involve costs of combining
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Innate-like T cell subset commitment in the murine thymus is independent of TCR characteristics and occurs during proliferation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Vadim K. Karnaukhov, Anne-Laure Le Gac, Linda Bilonda Mutala, Aurélie Darbois, Laetitia Perrin, Francois Legoux, Aleksandra M. Walczak, Thierry Mora, Olivier Lantz
How T-cell receptor (TCR) characteristics determine subset commitment during T-cell development is still unclear. Here, we addressed this question for innate-like T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. MAIT and iNKT cells have similar developmental paths, leading in mice to two effector subsets, cytotoxic (MAIT1/iNKT1) and IL17-secreting (MAIT17/iNKT17)
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Key language markers of depression on social media depend on race Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Sunny Rai, Elizabeth C. Stade, Salvatore Giorgi, Ashley Francisco, Lyle H. Ungar, Brenda Curtis, Sharath C. Guntuku
Depression has robust natural language correlates and can increasingly be measured in language using predictive models. However, despite evidence that language use varies as a function of individual demographic features (e.g., age, gender), previous work has not systematically examined whether and how depression’s association with language varies by race. We examine how race moderates the relationship
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Distilling dynamical knowledge from stochastic reaction networks Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Chuanbo Liu, Jin Wang
Stochastic reaction networks are widely used in the modeling of stochastic systems across diverse domains such as biology, chemistry, physics, and ecology. However, the comprehension of the dynamic behaviors inherent in stochastic reaction networks is a formidable undertaking, primarily due to the exponential growth in the number of possible states or trajectories as the state space dimension increases
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Autophagy maintains endosperm quality during seed storage to preserve germination ability in Arabidopsis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Daiki Shinozaki, Erina Takayama, Naoto Kawakami, Kohki Yoshimoto
To preserve germination ability, plant seeds must be protected from environmental stresses during the storage period. Here, we demonstrate that autophagy, an intracellular degradation system, maintains seed germination ability in Arabidopsis thaliana . The germination ability of long-term (>5 years) stored dry seeds of autophagy-defective ( atg ) mutant and wild-type (WT) plants was compared. Long-term
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Signal integration in chemoreceptor complexes Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Moriah Koler, John S. Parkinson, Ady Vaknin
Motile bacteria use large receptor arrays to detect chemical and physical stimuli in their environment, process this complex information, and accordingly bias their swimming in a direction they deem favorable. The chemoreceptor molecules form tripod-like trimers of receptor dimers through direct contacts between their cytoplasmic tips. A pair of trimers, together with a dedicated kinase enzyme, form
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Feedforward and feedback mechanisms cooperatively regulate rapid experience-dependent response adaptation in a single thermosensory neuron type Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Tyler J. Hill, Piali Sengupta
Sensory adaptation allows neurons to adjust their sensitivity and responses based on recent experience. The mechanisms that mediate continuous adaptation to stimulus history over seconds- to hours-long timescales, and whether these mechanisms can operate within a single sensory neuron type, are unclear. The single pair of AFD thermosensory neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits experience-dependent
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Automating the analysis of facial emotion expression dynamics: A computational framework and application in psychotic disorders Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Nathan T. Hall, Michael N. Hallquist, Elizabeth A. Martin, Wenxuan Lian, Katherine G. Jonas, Roman Kotov
Facial emotion expressions play a central role in interpersonal interactions; these displays are used to predict and influence the behavior of others. Despite their importance, quantifying and analyzing the dynamics of brief facial emotion expressions remains an understudied methodological challenge. Here, we present a method that leverages machine learning and network modeling to assess the dynamics
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Neofunctionalization of an OMT cluster dominates polymethoxyflavone biosynthesis associated with the domestication of citrus Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Zhaoxin Peng, Lizhi Song, Minghua Chen, Zeyang Liu, Ziyu Yuan, Huan Wen, Haipeng Zhang, Yue Huang, Zhaowen Peng, Hongbin Yang, Gu Li, Huixian Zhang, Zhehui Hu, Wenyun Li, Xia Wang, Robert M. Larkin, Xiuxin Deng, Qiang Xu, Jiajing Chen, Juan Xu
Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are a class of abundant specialized metabolites with remarkable anticancer properties in citrus. Multiple methoxy groups in PMFs are derived from methylation modification catalyzed by a series of hydroxylases and O -methyltransferases (OMTs). However, the specific OMTs that catalyze the systematic O -methylation of hydroxyflavones remain largely unknown. Here, we report that
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Structural and mechanistic basis of the central energy-converting methyltransferase complex of methanogenesis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Iram Aziz, Kanwal Kayastha, Susann Kaltwasser, Janet Vonck, Sonja Welsch, Bonnie J. Murphy, Jörg Kahnt, Di Wu, Tristan Wagner, Seigo Shima, Ulrich Ermler
Methanogenic archaea inhabiting anaerobic environments play a crucial role in the global biogeochemical material cycle. The most universal electrogenic reaction of their methane-producing energy metabolism is catalyzed by N 5 -methyl-tetrahydromethanopterin: coenzyme M methyltransferase (MtrABCDEFGH), which couples the vectorial Na + transport with a methyl transfer between the one-carbon carriers
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Multiple forces facilitate the aquatic acrobatics of grasshopper and bioinspired robot Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Yi Song, Huan Wang, Zhendong Dai, Aihong Ji, Huaping Wu, Stanislav N. Gorb
Aquatic locomotion is challenging for land-dwelling creatures because of the high degree of fluidity with which the water yields to loads. We surprisingly found that the Chinese rice grasshopper Oxya chinensis , known for its terrestrial acrobatics, could swiftly launch itself off the water’s surface in around 25 ms and seamlessly transition into flight. Biological observations showed that jumping
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Hydroclimatic changes on multiple timescales since 7800 y BP in the winter precipitation–dominated Central Asia Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Liangcheng Tan, Hai Cheng, Dong Li, Rustam Orozbaev, Yanzhen Li, Hai Xu, R. Lawrence Edwards, Yougui Song, Le Ma, Fangyuan Lin, Ashish Sinha, Zhisheng An
Central Asia (CA) is one of the world’s most significant arid regions, which is markedly impacted by global warming. A better understanding of the dynamical processes governing its Holocene climate variability is critical for a better understanding of possible future impacts of climate change in the region. To date, most of the existing CA paleoclimate records are from the summer precipitation–dominated
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Improved RNA stability estimation through Bayesian modeling reveals most Salmonella transcripts have subminute half-lives Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Laura Jenniches, Charlotte Michaux, Linda Popella, Sarah Reichardt, Jörg Vogel, Alexander J. Westermann, Lars Barquist
RNA decay is a crucial mechanism for regulating gene expression in response to environmental stresses. In bacteria, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are known to be involved in posttranscriptional regulation, but their global impact on RNA half-lives has not been extensively studied. To shed light on the role of the major RBPs ProQ and CspC/E in maintaining RNA stability, we performed RNA sequencing of
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Elimination of virus-like particles reduces protein aggregation and extends replicative lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 K. L. Schneider, X. Hao, K. S. Keuenhof, L. L. Berglund, A. Fischbach, D. Ahmadpour, S. Chawla, P. Gómez, J. L. Höög, P. O. Widlund, T. Nyström
A major consequence of aging and stress, in yeast to humans, is an increased accumulation of protein aggregates at distinct sites within the cells. Using genetic screens, immunoelectron microscopy, and three-dimensional modeling in our efforts to elucidate the importance of aggregate annexation, we found that most aggregates in yeast accumulate near the surface of mitochondria. Further, we show that
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Highly efficient electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction by a Cr III quaterpyridine complex Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Jia-Wei Wang, Zhi-Mei Luo, Guangjun Yang, Marcos Gil-Sepulcre, Stephan Kupfer, Olaf Rüdiger, Gangfeng Ouyang
Design tactics and mechanistic studies both remain as fundamental challenges during the exploitations of earth-abundant molecular electrocatalysts for CO 2 reduction, especially for the rarely studied Cr-based ones. Herein, a quaterpyridyl Cr III catalyst is found to be highly active for CO 2 electroreduction to CO with 99.8% Faradaic efficiency in DMF/phenol medium. A nearly one order of magnitude
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A Late Pleistocene coastal ecosystem in French Guiana was hyperdiverse relative to today Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Pierre-Olivier Antoine, Linde N. Wieringa, Sylvain Adnet, Orangel Aguilera, Stéphanie C. Bodin, Stephen Cairns, Carlos A. Conejeros-Vargas, Jean-Jacques Cornée, Žilvinas Ežerinskis, Jan Fietzke, Natacha O. Gribenski, Sandrine Grouard, Austin Hendy, Carina Hoorn, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, Martin R. Langer, Javier Luque, Laurent Marivaux, Pierre Moissette, Kees Nooren, Frédéric Quillévéré, Justina Šapolaitė
Warmer temperatures and higher sea level than today characterized the Last Interglacial interval [Pleistocene, 128 to 116 thousand years ago (ka)]. This period is a remarkable deep-time analog for temperature and sea-level conditions as projected for 2100 AD, yet there has been no evidence of fossil assemblages in the equatorial Atlantic. Here, we report foraminifer, metazoan (mollusks, bony fish,
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Supramolecular coordination platinum metallacycle–based multilevel wound dressing for bacteria sensing and wound healing Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Wen-Zhen Li, Xiao-Qiang Wang, Ling-Ran Liu, Ju Xiao, Xin-Qiong Wang, Yu-Yuan Ye, Zi-Xin Wang, Mai-Yong Zhu, Yao Sun, Peter J. Stang, Yan Sun
The exploitation of novel wound healing methods with real-time infection sensing and high spatiotemporal precision is highly important for human health. Pt-based metal-organic cycles/cages (MOCs) have been employed as multifunctional antibacterial agents due to their superior Pt-related therapeutic efficiency, various functional subunits and specific geometries. However, how to rationally apply these
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Pathogen prospecting of museums: Reconstructing malaria epidemiology Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Mark P. Nelder, Rachel Schats, Hendrik N. Poinar, Amanda Cooke, Megan B. Brickley
Malaria is a disease of global significance. Ongoing changes to the earth’s climate, antimalarial resistance, insecticide resistance, and socioeconomic decline test the resilience of malaria prevention programs. Museum insect specimens present an untapped resource for studying vector-borne pathogens, spurring the question: Do historical mosquito collections contain Plasmodium DNA, and, if so, can museum
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Dynamic imaging of force chains in 3D granular media Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Wei Li, Ruben Juanes
Granular media constitute the most abundant form of solid matter on Earth and beyond. When external forces are applied to a granular medium, the forces are transmitted through it via chains of contacts among grains—force chains. Understanding the spatial structure and temporal evolution of force chains constitutes a fundamental goal of granular mechanics. Here, we introduce an experimental technique
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Arctic amplification–induced decline in West and South Asia dust warrants stronger antidesertification toward carbon neutrality Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Fan Wang, Yangyang Xu, Piyushkumar N. Patel, Ritesh Gautam, Meng Gao, Cheng Liu, Yihui Ding, Haishan Chen, Yuanjian Yang, Yuyu Zhou, Gregory R. Carmichael, Michael B. McElroy
Dust loading in West and South Asia has been a major environmental issue due to its negative effects on air quality, food security, energy supply and public health, as well as on regional and global weather and climate. Yet a robust understanding of its recent changes and future projection remains unclear. On the basis of several high-quality remote sensing products, we detect a consistently decreasing
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Subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation evokes two distinct cortical responses via differential white matter activation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Andreas Seas, M. Sohail Noor, Ki Sueng Choi, Ashan Veerakumar, Mosadoluwa Obatusin, Jacob Dahill-Fuchel, Vineet Tiruvadi, Elisa Xu, Patricio Riva-Posse, Christopher J. Rozell, Helen S. Mayberg, Cameron C. McIntyre, Allison C. Waters, Bryan Howell
Subcallosal cingulate (SCC) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an emerging therapy for refractory depression. Good clinical outcomes are associated with the activation of white matter adjacent to the SCC. This activation produces a signature cortical evoked potential (EP), but it is unclear which of the many pathways in the vicinity of SCC is responsible for driving this response. Individualized biophysical
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The electrochemistry of stable sulfur isotopes versus lithium Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Xue-Ting Li, Yao Zhao, Yu-Hui Zhu, Wen-Peng Wang, Ying Zhang, Fuyi Wang, Yu-Guo Guo, Sen Xin, Chunli Bai
Sulfur in nature consists of two abundant stable isotopes, with two more neutrons in the heavy one ( 34 S) than in the light one ( 32 S). The two isotopes show similar physicochemical properties and are usually considered an integral system for chemical research in various fields. In this work, a model study based on a Li–S battery was performed to reveal the variation between the electrochemical properties
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Intelligent electroactive material systems with self-adaptive mechanical memory and sequential logic Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Charles El Helou, Lance P. Hyatt, Philip R. Buskohl, Ryan L. Harne
By synthesizing the requisite functionalities of intelligence in an integrated material system, it may become possible to animate otherwise inanimate matter. A significant challenge in this vision is to continually sense, process, and memorize information in a decentralized way. Here, we introduce an approach that enables all such functionalities in a soft mechanical material system. By integrating
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Capacity of the U.S. federal system for cultural heritage to meet challenges of climate change Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Marcy Rockman
The U.S. federal government is unbalanced in its capacity to recognize, manage, and engage cultural heritage as part of its response to climate change. Legislation from the 1906 Antiquities Act to Executive Order (EO) 13990 signed in 2021 has set an overarching approach in which heritage is understood to be primarily tangible places and things that should be conserved, foremost through monument and
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Ligand-induced protein transition state stabilization switches the binding pathway from conformational selection to induced fit Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Olof Stenström, Carl Diehl, Kristofer Modig, Mikael Akke
Protein–ligand complex formation is fundamental to biological function. A central question is whether proteins spontaneously adopt binding-competent conformations to which ligands bind conformational selection (CS) or whether ligands induce the binding-competent conformation induced fit (IF). Here, we resolve the CS and IF binding pathways by characterizing protein conformational dynamics over a wide
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Climate sustainability through a dynamic duo: Green hydrogen and crypto driving energy transition and decarbonization Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Apoorv Lal, Fengqi You
Climate change persists as a pressing global issue due to high greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel–based energy sources. A transition to a greener energy matrix combined with carbon offsetting is imperative to mitigate the rate at which global temperature ascends. While countries have deployed faith in green hydrogen to accelerate worldwide decarbonization efforts, the concurrent rise of blockchain-operated
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Biodiversity and productivity in eastern US forests Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Yunpeng Liu, J. Aaron Hogan, Jeremy W. Lichstein, Robert P. Guralnick, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis, Samuel M. Scheiner
Despite experimental and observational studies demonstrating that biodiversity enhances primary productivity, the best metric for predicting productivity at broad geographic extents—functional trait diversity, phylogenetic diversity, or species richness—remains unknown. Using >1.8 million tree measurements from across eastern US forests, we quantified relationships among functional trait diversity
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Intergenerational protective anti-gut commensal immunoglobulin G originates in early life Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Brigida Rusconi, Adina K. Bard, Ryan McDonough, Angel M. Kindsvogel, Jacqueline D. Wang, Sreeram Udayan, Keely G. McDonald, Rodney D. Newberry, Phillip I. Tarr
Maternal immunoglobulins of the class G (IgGs) protect offspring from enteric infection, but when, where, and how these antibodies are physiologically generated and confer protection remains enigmatic. We found that circulating IgGs in adult mice preferentially bind early-life gut commensal bacteria over their own adult gut commensal bacteria. IgG-secreting plasma cells specific for early-life gut
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Modeling the mosaic structure of bacterial genomes to infer their evolutionary history Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Michael Sheinman, Peter F. Arndt, Florian Massip
The chronology and phylogeny of bacterial evolution are difficult to reconstruct due to a scarce fossil record. The analysis of bacterial genomes remains challenging because of large sequence divergence, the plasticity of bacterial genomes due to frequent gene loss, horizontal gene transfer, and differences in selective pressure from one locus to another. Therefore, taking advantage of the rich and
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Size-dependent self-avoidance enables superdiffusive migration in macroscopic unicellulars Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Lucas Tröger, Florian Goirand, Karen Alim
Many cells face search problems, such as finding food, mates, or shelter, where their success depends on their search strategy. In contrast to other unicellular organisms, the slime mold Physarum polycephalum forms a giant network-shaped plasmodium while foraging for food. What is the advantage of the giant cell on the verge of multicellularity? We experimentally study and quantify the migration behavior
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Variable aging and storage of dissolved black carbon in the ocean Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Alysha I. Coppola, Ellen R. M. Druffel, Taylor A. Broek, Negar Haghipour, Timothy I. Eglinton, Matthew McCarthy, Brett D. Walker
During wildfires and fossil fuel combustion, biomass is converted to black carbon (BC) via incomplete combustion. BC enters the ocean by rivers and atmospheric deposition contributing to the marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool. The fate of BC is considered to reside in the marine DOC pool, where the oldest BC 14 C ages have been measured (>20,000 14 C y), implying long-term storage. DOC is the
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IL7 increases targeted lipid nanoparticle–mediated mRNA expression in T cells in vitro and in vivo by enhancing T cell protein translation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Caitlin M. Tilsed, Barzan A. Sadiq, Tyler E. Papp, Phurin Areesawangkit, Kenji Kimura, Estela Noguera-Ortega, John Scholler, Nicholas Cerda, Haig Aghajanian, Adrian Bot, Barbara Mui, Ying Tam, Drew Weissman, Carl H. June, Steven M. Albelda, Hamideh Parhiz
The use of lipid nanoparticles (LNP) to encapsulate and deliver mRNA has become an important therapeutic advance. In addition to vaccines, LNP-mRNA can be used in many other applications. For example, targeting the LNP with anti-CD5 antibodies (CD5/tLNP) can allow for efficient delivery of mRNA payloads to T cells to express protein. As the percentage of protein expressing T cells induced by an intravenous
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Directed evolution of genetically encoded LYTACs for cell-mediated delivery Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Jonathan Lee Yang, Sean A. Yamada-Hunter, Louai Labanieh, Elena Sotillo, Joleen S. Cheah, David S. Roberts, Crystal L. Mackall, Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Alice Y. Ting
Lysosome-targeting chimeras (LYTACs) are a promising therapeutic modality to drive the degradation of extracellular proteins. However, early versions of LYTAC contain synthetic glycopeptides that cannot be genetically encoded. Here, we present our designs for a fully genetically encodable LYTAC (GELYTAC), making our tool compatible with integration into therapeutic cells for targeted delivery at diseased
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Activation of ERβ hijacks the splicing machinery to trigger R-loop formation in triple-negative breast cancer Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Dongfang Wang, Muya Tang, Peidong Zhang, Kailin Yang, Liang Huang, Mengrui Wu, Qiuhong Shen, Jing Yue, Wei Wang, Yanqiu Gong, Margaret Warner, Lunzhi Dai, Haihuai He, Zhengnan Yang, Jan-Ake Gustafsson, Shengtao Zhou
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Current therapeutic options available for TNBC patients are primarily chemotherapy. With our evolving understanding of this disease, novel targeted therapies, including poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, antibody–drug conjugates, and immune-checkpoint inhibitors, have been developed
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The focal adhesion protein talin is a mechanically gated A-kinase anchoring protein Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Mingu Kang, Yasumi Otani, Yanyu Guo, Jie Yan, Benjamin T. Goult, Alan K. Howe
Protein kinase A (PKA) is a ubiquitous, promiscuous kinase whose activity is specified through subcellular localization mediated by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). PKA has complex roles as both an effector and a regulator of integrin-mediated cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM). Recent observations demonstrate that PKA is an active component of focal adhesions (FA), suggesting the existence
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HDX–MS finds that partial unfolding with sequential domain activation controls condensation of a cellular stress marker Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Ruofan Chen, Hendrik Glauninger, Darren N. Kahan, Julia Shangguan, Joseph R. Sachleben, Joshua A. Riback, D. Allan Drummond, Tobin R. Sosnick
Eukaryotic cells form condensates to sense and adapt to their environment [S. F. Banani, H. O. Lee, A. A. Hyman, M. K. Rosen, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 18 , 285–298 (2017), H. Yoo, C. Triandafillou, D. A. Drummond, J. Biol. Chem. 294 , 7151–7159 (2019)]. Poly(A)-binding protein (Pab1), a canonical stress granule marker, condenses upon heat shock or starvation, promoting adaptation [J. A. Riback et
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Fluid fibers in true 3D ferroelectric liquids Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Alexander Jarosik, Hajnalka Nádasi, Michael Schwidder, Atsutaka Manabe, Matthias Bremer, Melanie Klasen-Memmer, Alexey Eremin
We demonstrate an exceptional ability of a high-polarization 3D ferroelectric liquid to form freely suspended fluid fibers at room temperature. Unlike fluid threads in modulated smectics and columnar phases, where translational order is a prerequisite for forming liquid fibers, recently discovered ferroelectric nematic forms fibers with solely orientational molecular order. Additional stabilization
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Cross-pollination in seed-blended refuge and selection for Vip3A resistance in a lepidopteran pest as detected by genomic monitoring Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Daniela Pezzini, Katherine L. Taylor, Dominic D. Reisig, Megan L. Fritz
The evolution of pest resistance to management tools reduces productivity and results in economic losses in agricultural systems. To slow its emergence and spread, monitoring and prevention practices are implemented in resistance management programs. Recent work suggests that genomic approaches can identify signs of emerging resistance to aid in resistance management. Here, we empirically examined
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The disordered C-terminal tail of fungal LPMOs from phytopathogens mediates protein dimerization and impacts plant penetration Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Ketty C. Tamburrini, Sayo Kodama, Sacha Grisel, Mireille Haon, Takumi Nishiuchi, Bastien Bissaro, Yasuyuki Kubo, Sonia Longhi, Jean-Guy Berrin
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are monocopper enzymes that oxidatively degrade various polysaccharides, such as cellulose. Despite extensive research on this class of enzymes, the role played by their C-terminal regions predicted to be intrinsically disordered (dCTR) has been overlooked. Here, we investigated the function of the dCTR of an LPMO, called Co AA9A, up-regulated during plant
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Single-step precision programming of decoupled multiresponsive soft millirobots Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Zhiqiang Zheng, Jie Han, Qing Shi, Sinan Ozgun Demir, Weitao Jiang, Metin Sitti
Stimuli-responsive soft robots offer new capabilities for the fields of medical and rehabilitation robotics, artificial intelligence, and soft electronics. Precisely programming the shape morphing and decoupling the multiresponsiveness of such robots is crucial to enable them with ample degrees of freedom and multifunctionality, while ensuring high fabrication accuracy. However, current designs featuring
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Mid-infrared trace detection with parts-per-quadrillion quantitation accuracy: Expanding frontiers of radiocarbon sensing Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Jun Jiang, A. Daniel McCartt
Detection sensitivity is a critical characteristic to consider during selection of spectroscopic techniques. However, high sensitivity alone is insufficient for spectroscopic measurements in spectrally congested regions. Two-color cavity ringdown spectroscopy (2C-CRDS), based on intra-cavity pump–probe detection, simultaneously achieves high detection sensitivity and selectivity. This combination enables
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Activation of polyamine catabolism promotes glutamine metabolism and creates a targetable vulnerability in lung cancer Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Xinlu Han, Deyu Wang, Liao Yang, Ning Wang, Jianliang Shen, Jinghan Wang, Lei Zhang, Li Chen, Shenglan Gao, Wei-Xing Zong, Yongbo Wang
Polyamines are a class of small polycationic alkylamines that play essential roles in both normal and cancer cell growth. Polyamine metabolism is frequently dysregulated and considered a therapeutic target in cancer. However, targeting polyamine metabolism as monotherapy often exhibits limited efficacy, and the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we report that activation of polyamine
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Surface spectroscopy and surface–bulk hybridization of Weyl semimetals Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Xiao-Xiao Zhang, Naoto Nagaosa
Weyl semimetal showing open-arc surface states is a prominent example of topological quantum matter in three dimensions. With the bulk-boundary correspondence present, nontrivial surface–bulk hybridization is inevitable but less understood. Spectroscopies have been often limited to verifying the existence of surface Fermi arcs, whereas its spectral shape related to the hybridization profile in energy–momentum
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Root-exuded specialized metabolites reduce arsenic toxicity in maize Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Veronica Caggìa, Jan Wälchli, Gabriel Deslandes-Hérold, Pierre Mateo, Christelle A. M. Robert, Hang Guan, Moritz Bigalke, Sandra Spielvogel, Adrien Mestrot, Klaus Schlaeppi, Matthias Erb
By releasing specialized metabolites, plants modify their environment. Whether and how specialized metabolites protect plants against toxic levels of trace elements is not well understood. We evaluated whether benzoxazinoids, which are released into the soil by major cereals, can confer protection against arsenic toxicity. Benzoxazinoid-producing maize plants performed better in arsenic-contaminated
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Ferredoxin reduction by hydrogen with iron functions as an evolutionary precursor of flavin-based electron bifurcation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Max Brabender, Delfina P. Henriques Pereira, Natalia Mrnjavac, Manon Laura Schlikker, Zen-Ichiro Kimura, Jeerus Sucharitakul, Karl Kleinermanns, Harun Tüysüz, Wolfgang Buckel, Martina Preiner, William F. Martin
Autotrophic theories for the origin of metabolism posit that the first cells satisfied their carbon needs from CO 2 and were chemolithoautotrophs that obtained their energy and electrons from H 2 . The acetyl-CoA pathway of CO 2 fixation is central to that view because of its antiquity: Among known CO 2 fixing pathways it is the only one that is i) exergonic, ii) occurs in both bacteria and archaea
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Metastable precipitation and ion–extractant transport in liquid–liquid separations of trivalent elements Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Pan Sun, Xiao-Min Lin, Mrinal K. Bera, Binhua Lin, Dongchen Ying, Tieyan Chang, Wei Bu, Mark L. Schlossman
The extractant-assisted transport of metal ions from aqueous to organic environments by liquid–liquid extraction has been widely used to separate and recover critical elements on an industrial scale. While current efforts focus on designing better extractants and optimizing process conditions, the mechanism that underlies ionic transport remains poorly understood. Here, we report a nonequilibrium process
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The evolutionary genomics of adaptation to stress in wild rhizobium bacteria Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Hanna Kehlet-Delgado, Angeliqua P. Montoya, Kyson T. Jensen, Camille E. Wendlandt, Christopher Dexheimer, Miles Roberts, Lorena Torres Martínez, Maren L. Friesen, Joel S. Griffitts, Stephanie S. Porter
Microbiota comprise the bulk of life’s diversity, yet we know little about how populations of microbes accumulate adaptive diversity across natural landscapes. Adaptation to stressful soil conditions in plants provides seminal examples of adaptation in response to natural selection via allelic substitution. For microbes symbiotic with plants however, horizontal gene transfer allows for adaptation via