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Energy-based modeling of rate-independent hysteresis and viscoelastic effects in dielectric elastomer actuators Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Gianluca Rizzello
Dielectric elastomer (DE) transducers are known to exhibit a rate-dependent hysteresis in their force-displacement response, which is commonly attributed to the viscoelastic behavior of elastomer materials and compliant electrodes. In the case of DE materials characterized by low mechanical losses, such as silicone, the mechanical hysteresis often turns out to be practically rate-independent in the
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A smart structural optimization method of magnetorheological damper for ultra-precision machine tool Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Qiyu Wang, Yurui Shen, Weihua Li, Xinhua Liu, Janusz Gołdasz, Lei Deng, Grzegorz Królczyk, Zhixiong Li
To address the problem of multi-source vibration in ultra-precision machine tools, a vibration reduction stand was designed by replacing passive damping components with magnetorheological dampers (MRDs). In this work, the structural parameters of MRDs were optimized using an improved pelican optimization algorithm (IPOA) to realize the maximum capability in reducing vibration. Firstly, the working
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3D bi-stable negative stiffness mechanical metamaterials for bandgap tuning Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Liyuan Qi, Kai Zhang, Fang Hong, Hong Liu, Zichen Deng
A recent topic of interest in dynamics research is bi-stable negative stiffness (NS) mechanical metamaterials that allow for the efficient control of wave propagation and bandgap (BG) tuning. In this study, a three-dimensional bi-stable NS mechanical metamaterial based on fan-shaped inclined beams was developed. It has BGs in multiple directions as well as significant BG tuning capability in specific
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Research on braking torque model of magneto-rheological brake based on temperature effect Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Na Wang, Chengke Chu, Yongbing Cao, Wanli Song, Yang Liu, Seung-Bok Choi
Magneto-rheological Brakes (MRBs) have attracted much attention because of their fast, controllable and adjustable braking performance. During the braking process, a lot of heat was generated by the excitation oil and the friction between magneto-rheological fluid and mechanical parts. The objective of this manuscript is to investigate the effect of temperature on the braking performance of MRB. The
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Advancing 4D printing through designing interlocking blocks: enhancing deformation uniformity in active composite structures Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Kheira Benyahia, Hichem Seriket, Sébastien Blanquer, Samuel Gomes, Mahdi Bodaghi, Jean-Claude André, Kun Zhou, H Jerry Qi, Frédéric Demoly
Interlocking assemblies have been explored to address large assembly and complex parts and are now integral to additive manufacturing (AM) for creating objects with dissimilar materials and multiple properties. 4D printing technology, which combines smart materials (SMs) with AM, aligns with this approach by enabling the creation of objects that can change shape or properties when exposed to external
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Numerical and experimental investigation of an auxetic piezoelectric energy harvester with frequency self-tuning capability Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Huili Zhang, Shun Chen, Mahmoud Karimi, Binghao Li, Serkan Saydam, Mahbub Hassan
To deal with the limited availability of long-lasting power sources for sensor nodes in industrial environments, a novel piezoelectric energy harvester with high efficiency and a wide working bandwidth was designed to harvest broadband and random vibrations from the ambient environment. The developed energy harvester adopts a doubly clamped piezoelectric beam with a peanut-shaped auxetic structure
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A novel variable stiffness soft gripper based on air-quicksand: design, analysis, and validation Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Liu Weirui, Zhao Jingrun, Yang Hui, Gao Xingjun, Liu Jiaqi, Liu Wenbo
This paper presents a novel variable stiffness soft gripper based on the principle of air-quicksand to enhance both the grasping stability and load-bearing capacity. The design, fabrication, and testing experiments of the soft grippers were performed. The soft finger is composed of a variable stiffness layer and a pneumatically driven layer with variable height chambers. The concept behind the variable
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Research on the mechanism and control methods of mechanical drift in linear ultrasonic motors Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Xinjian Li, Zhiyuan Yao, Hao Xu
Linear ultrasonic motors (LUMs) have advantages such as de-energized self-locking and micro-nano displacement resolution. However, their positioning and control accuracy are negatively affected by mechanical drift, which limits their application in ultra-precision fields. To date, the quantitative mechanism of LUM mechanical drift under power-off conditions remains unreported. To solve the problem
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A new ER valve composed of multilayer mesh electrodes Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 Luning Xu, Jiahui Zhang, Jingyu Huang, Li Han, Rong Shen, Kunquan Lu
In many cases, ER valves are required to be used at lower operating voltages. For example, to develop a two-dimensional Braille matrix display, it is necessary to lay out many ER valves and control each Braille dot independently. If the commonly used parallel plate electrodes are applied, a low voltage can only be used when the electrode gap is very small, which will make the ER valve flow resistance
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Functionally varied negative-stiffness metamaterial core sandwich structures with three-phase bending deformation Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Nathakorn Aewzipo, Sutee Olarnrithinun, Sontipee Aimmanee
This paper introduces a novel class of negative-stiffness (NS) core sandwich composite structures that exhibit unique mechanical performance, including shape recovery, superelasticity, and energy absorption (EA) in bending and shear mode. The core of these structures consists of a periodic cellular arrangement of double-curved beams that undergo consecutive local snap-buckling transitions between multiple
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Quasi-static crashworthiness behaviour of auxetic tubular structures based on rotating deformation mechanism Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Kemal Solak, Suleyman Nazif Orhan
Auxetic materials have attracted significant interest due to their exceptional mechanical characteristics and distinctive deformation modes. Nevertheless, the practical use of these materials in engineering is constrained by their limited ability to absorb energy. Thus, enhancing the energy absorption (EA) capabilities of auxetic materials is crucial to expand their range of potential applications
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Dual-band filtering and enhanced directional via tunable acoustic metamaterial antennas Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Jiawei Xiao, Xiaoxi Ding, Huafei Pan, Ying Zhang, Qingbo He, Yimin Shao
The detection of acoustic signals in strong background noise plays a crucial role in industrial non-destructive, mechanical equipment health monitoring and acoustic communication. The major bottleneck of this technology lies in the limited high-sensitivity and high-directivity of acoustic sensors. Here, this study proposes a tunable acoustic metamaterial antenna (TAMAA) with a double bandgap and near-zero
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A piezoelectric energy harvester with parallel connection using beams of different lengths to improve output performance Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Liang Wang, Donghao Su
The purpose of this paper is to design an energy harvester to improve output performance. The theoretical analysis of the piezoelectric energy harvester has been performed. Reducing the length of one cantilever beam, thereby changing the relative impact position, causing the amplitude of the two cantilever beams to be different, and making the waveform of two beams different. Some experiments have
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Design and analysis of an extended buckled beam piezoelectric energy harvester subjected to different axial preload Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Wen-Po Sun, Wei-Jiun Su
In this paper, a piezoelectric energy harvester composed of a buckled beam and an extended beam with a tip mass is proposed. This study develops a mathematical model and a prototype of the energy harvester. The performance of the energy harvester is influenced by the axial load applied at the end of the buckled beam. Under an axial force below the critical load, the energy harvester exhibits a pre-buckling
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Light-driven small-scale soft robots: material, design and control Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Yihao Ma, Yiwei Zhang, Lianchao Yang, Hengshen Qin, Wenfeng Liang, Chuang Zhang
Small robots for drug transportation, environmental detection and military reconnaissance have been a popular research topic in the field of robotics. Recently, people have proposed using light-driven actuators to make flexible and remote-controllable small robots. Herein, we reviewed the research on light-driven soft robots in recent years. First, we summarized and compared the performance and fabrication
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Thermal stress estimation of a constrained metallic plate using symmetric and antisymmetric Lamb wave group velocities Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Ali Azad, Myung Soo Kang, Changgil Lee, Yun-Kyu An
This paper presents a technique for estimating thermal-induced stress in constrained metallic plates using the group velocity of Lamb waves, the accuracy of which is crucial for assessing the structural integrity and serviceability of metallic structures. However, without the ability to gauge the current stress levels, obtaining such measurements is technically challenging. To overcome this, we propose
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A novel adjustable magnetorheological fluid gradient material of low frequency vibration isolation: a theoretical and experimental study Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Zebang Sun, Dan Zhao, Liqiang Dong, Jinming Qi, Chang Guo, Shaogang Liu
In this paper, a novel adjustable magnetorheological fluid (MRF) gradient material for low-frequency control is proposed, and the vibration isolation performance of this gradient material is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The gradient material has an excellent ability to control the sound waves and vibrations. However, the currently prepared gradient material does not have the parameter
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An invertible hysteresis model for magnetorheological damper with improved adaption capability in frequency and amplitude Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Xudong Xing, Zhaobo Chen, Dong Yu, Zhongqiang Feng, Yuechen Liu
It is found during the tests that the damping characteristics of the magnetorheological (MR) damper vary with the excitation amplitude and frequency. However, the existing MR damper models are not able to accommodate the change of excitation amplitude and frequency, which will lead to significant modeling errors. To deal with this problem, this paper analyzes the experimental data and obtains the regularity
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Highly sensitive surface acoustic wave magnetic field sensor based on the loss mechanism Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Yutong Wu, Baile Cui, Yana Jia, Zihan Zhou, Wenbin Hu, Feiming Bai, Wen Wang, Xufeng Xue, Yong Liang
Currently, the surface acoustic wave (SAW) magnetic field sensing technique utilises the SAW velocity/frequency mechanism of magnetoacoustic interaction as an indicator of the magnetic sensitivity mechanism. However, this method has low sensitivity and poor stability. To address this problem, a dynamic magnetoelastic coupling theoretical model is constructed to theoretically simulate the influence
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Multiphysics coupled sensing mechanism of Pd/Ni alloy thin-film coated SAW hydrogen sensor Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Baile Cui, Jing Jin, Anyu Hu, Zixuan Ren, Yong Liang, Wen Wang, Lina Cheng
Multiphysics coupled sensing mechanism of palladium/nickel (Pd/Ni) alloy thin-film coated surface acoustic wave (SAW) hydrogen (H2) sensor is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally to allow the optimization of the sensing device in this work. The resistor-capacitance circuit model is used to describe the interaction between Pd/Ni film and H2. Referring to the perturbation theory, the relationship
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Thermo-rheological improvement of magnetorheological foam with the addition of silica nanoparticles Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Rahayu Emilia Mohamed Khaidir, Nur Azmah Nordin, Saiful Amri Mazlan, Ubaidillah Ubaidillah, Hamimah Abd Rahman, Ainaa Amirah Marzuki, Siti Aisyah Abdul Wahab
Magnetorheological (MR) foam has become a potential soft robotic gripper-based material that can provide a better grasping force and handling objects due to its ability in varying stiffness in correspond to applied magnetic fields. However, MR foams are facing degradation issue that may reduce the storage modulus when often exposed to thermal exposure from the operating system of a device. Therefore
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Self-sensing model of low-frequency magnetostrictive composites actuator based on Jiles-Atherton theory Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Jiamin Chen, Lei Wang, Jiuwei Yu, Hongwei Sun, Jing Wang, Haoze Zhang
Giant magnetostrictive powder composites (GMPCs) have important applications in electric current sensing, stress sensing, vibration damping, actuation, health monitoring and other fields. Most of the research discussed the actuation or sensing function of GMPCs merely. In this paper, GMPCs based actuator with a self-sensing function is proposed to realize direct measurement of the deformation amplitudes
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Design and experimental analysis of magneto-rheological damper featuring a labyrinthic dual-channel valve Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Xiaolong Yang, Xue Li, Yan Li, Jiehong Zhu
For the sake of improving the damping performance of the cab suspension system, the MR damper featuring the labyrinthic dual-channel valve (LDCV-MRD for short) is proposed in this paper, which is composed of a mixture of circular channel, circular disk channel and circular tube channel. The LDCV-MRD is designed structurally and the magnetic circuit is analyzed. The output damping force mathematical
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Energy harvesting with dielectric elastomer tubes: active and (responsive materials-based) passive approaches Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Tamara Hanuhov, Roberto Brighenti, Noy Cohen
Mechanical to electrical energy conversion is a well-established energy transduction approach. However, cases in which a mechanical energy source is not available call for new approaches to harvest electrical energy. In the present study, we demonstrate energy harvesting in soft dielectric elastomer (DE) tubes. Broadly, energy harvesting is obtained through inflation of the tube, electrical charging
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Experimental study of vibration modes switching based triple frequency-up converting energy harvesting with pre-biased displacement Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Jiawen Xu, Dawei Xia, Zhihui Lai, Geng Chen, Wenxing Dai, Jingxiong Wang, Hongxin Yang
In this study, a novel piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) system featuring triple frequency-up converting is proposed. The system comprises a piezoelectric cantilever and two stoppers. When in contact with the stoppers, the cantilever transitions into a high-order vibration mode, leading to the reversal of voltage outputs. The frequency-up converting effect is achieved by multiple mode switches
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Active self-powered human motion assist system Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Limin Ren, Yang Zhou, Xu Zhang, Hengchuan Zhang, Yisong Tan
Harvesting human energy currently occurs to power wearable devices or monitor human signs, these applications make the energy harvester less applicable to and seldom used for assisting human motion. However, there is a high demand for using such collected energy with the assistance of human motion. This paper presents a novel energy harvester that is designed to collect negative work, assist human
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Numerical and experimental assessment of tilted-helical fiber orientation effects on deformation of pneumatic soft actuators Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Majid Shabani
Pneumatic actuation of fiber-reinforced soft-material slender structures, and specifically inflatable cylinders, plays a key role in soft robotics, particularly for generating sought deformations in terms of, e.g. elongation, expansion, torsion, and bending. Fiber-reinforced tubes were widely investigated, in particular by considering regular helical patterns for the fibers, and multiple sets of fibers
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A novel rotary ultrasonic motor based on multiple Langevin transducers: design, simulation, and experimental investigation Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Xinchi Ma, Ying Yang, Jianmin Qiu, Jiyang Zhang, Piotr Vasiljev, Jintao Wu, Dalius Mazeika, Lei Zhao, Sergejus Borodinas, Jikui Liu
Traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motors (TRUSMs) have been applied in optical systems, robotics, biomedical and other fields. However, the disadvantages such as short working life, driving performance degradation, and low energy utilization significantly limit the long-term and stable operation of TRUSMs in advanced fields like aerospace mechanisms. To address the above issues, a novel rotary ultrasonic
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Muscle-inspired stiffness-tunable flexible fiber jamming structure for wearable robots * Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Junlin Ma, Diansheng Chen, Zhe Liu, Jialing Li, Zihan Zeng, Yingxitong Yin, Xianglin Zhang, Chen Shu, Yaohui Zhu, Zhihan Fu, Yongkang Jiang
Soft robotics have found their tremendous application prospects in wearable robots due to the inherent compliance of soft materials when interacting with human bodies. However, the limited load-bearing and output capabilities impeded their application in real world. Variable stiffness design contributes to tackling this problem by enhancing the overall structural rigidity. Nevertheless, most of current
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Predictive lumped model for a tunable bistable piezoelectric energy harvester architecture Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Aya Benhemou, David Gibus, Thomas Huguet, Adrien Morel, Quentin Demouron, Camille Saint-Martin, Emile Roux, Ludovic Charleux, Adrien Badel
In this article, we propose the modelling of a tunable bistable piezoelectric energy harvester (or BPEH) architecture. The latter is a type of ambient energy converter that continues to gain attention due to their wideband frequency response. As the non-linear dynamics of BPEHs imply significant modeling complexity, dynamic lumped models are necessary to predict BPEHs’ dynamic response and should fit
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Multilayer modeling framework for analyzing thermo-mechanical properties and responses of twisted and coiled polymer actuators Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Zhiwen Gao, Juanjuan Guo, Yuhao Zhang, Zhiwen Zhou, Cennan Zhang, Hua Li, Bin Chen, Jizeng Wang
The twisted and coiled polymer actuator (TCPA) has a complex multi-scale structure consisting of crystalline micro-fibrils and an amorphous matrix at the micro-scale, which are organized into a macro-scale fiber. When the polymer fiber undergoes twisting and coiling, its mechanical and thermal properties become variable. In this study, we developed a multi-layer modeling framework capable of accurately
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Theoretical modeling and experimental investigation of carbon fiber reinforced plastic-based piezoelectric actuator Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Teng Cao, Zhiyi Wen, Boquan Wang, Yaqing Yang, Xiaoniu Li, Dawei Wu
Piezoelectric actuators based on non-metallic materials have drawn much attention in recent years. Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is one of the ideal materials for the development of lightweight, high power density piezoelectric actuators because of its low density, high stiffness. However, its anisotropic characteristics pose a challenge in actuator development. In this study, we designed
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A piecewise inverse finite element method for shape sensing of the morphing wing fishbone Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Tianxiang Huang, Tianyu Dong, Shenfang Yuan
The shape sensing technology plays a significant role in enhancing the structural performance and flight efficiency of the morphing aircraft by providing feedback to actuation and control systems in real time. The inverse finite element method (iFEM) is a fast, accurate, and robust shape-sensing method based on in-situ surface strain measurements. However, the conventional iFEM becomes less effective
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An origami-inspired energy absorber Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Shadi Khazaaleh, Ahmed S Dalaq, Mohammed F Daqaq
The design of effective and compact energy absorption systems is key to the survivability and durability of many man-made structures and machines. To this end, this work presents the design, assessment, and implementation of a novel origami-inspired energy absorber that is based on the Kresling origami pattern. The absorber consists of a Kresling origami column positioned between the loading point
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A Lamb-wave based SHM for multi-damage localizations in large composite plates by using piezoelectric transducer array Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Chung-De Chen, Yu-Jie Shen, Ping-Yi Chou, Po-Hao Wang
In this paper, a Lamb-wave based structural health monitoring for multi-damage localizations in large composite plates is presented. The Lamb waves are generated and received by piezoelectric transducers, which are arranged in array on the composite plate. In the experiments, three composite plates with various laminate stacking sequences and taper designs were prepared. The damages were created on
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Dual-stage theoretical model of magnetorheological dampers and experimental verification Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Bingyue Lei, Jiahao Li, Wei Zhou, Mengjie Shou, Feng Zhao, Changrong Liao
The theoretical model for predicting the damping characteristics of magnetorheological dampers (MRDs) not only facilitates the optimization of MRD parameters, but also provides assistance for the theoretical design of MRDs. However, some existing models have limitations in fully characterizing the damping characteristics of MRDs. In this paper, the working stage of MRDs was categorized into yield and
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A machine learning-based method for co-design and optimization of microwave-absorbing/load-bearing multifunctional structures Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Jiawen Wang, Lilin Zhou, Caizhi Fan
Simultaneously considering the absorption performance and load-bearing capability is a trend in the design of multifunctional structures. Nevertheless, the collaborative design and optimization involved in this process present a challenging problem. Herein, guided by multifunctionality, a lightweight microwave-absorbing/load-bearing multifunctional structure is intelligently inversely designed based
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Harnessing multi-stable piezoelectric systems for enhanced wind energy harvesting Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Xiaohui Liu, Yan Tao, Hexuan Jia, Fuhong Dai
With the ongoing evolution of microelectronic devices toward lower power consumption, the utilization of piezoelectric materials for energy harvesting from wind-induced vibrations has garnered considerable attention. This study employs a combined approach involving finite element analysis and experiments to investigate the energy harvesting efficiency of the multi-stable piezoelectric wind energy harvester
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Development of a novel nonlinear model and control strategy for soft continuum robots featuring hard magnetoactive elastomers Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Seyed Alireza Moezi, Ramin Sedaghati, Subhash Rakheja
Magnetoactive soft continuum robots (MSCRs), capable of controllable steering and navigation, hold substantial promise for healthcare applications. However, advancements in MSCRs have been hindered by a limited understanding of MSCR dynamics and a lack of effective control methods. Addressing these gaps, this study presents a novel, time-dependent, and computationally efficient analytical model of
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Flutter analysis of laminated fiber-reinforced magnetorheological elastomer sandwich plate resting on an elastic foundation using an improved first-order shear deformation theory Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Reza Aboutalebi, Mehdi Eshaghi
Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are polymers with viscoelastic properties that can be adjusted by manipulating the magnetic field. When MREs are combined with reinforcing fabrics, a new category of materials known as MRE composites (MRECs) can be created, which not only possess the characteristics of MREs but also enhance their rigidity. This study focuses on investigating the supersonic aeroelastic
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The Kresling origami spring: a review and assessment Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Ravindra Masana, Ahmed S Dalaq, Shadi Khazaaleh, Mohammed F Daqaq
Structures inspired by the Kresling origami pattern have recently emerged as a foundation for building functional engineering systems with versatile characteristics that target niche applications spanning different technological fields. Their light weight, deployability, modularity, and customizability are a few of the key characteristics that continue to drive their implementation in robotics, aerospace
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Dual-parameter stretchable, transferable mesh piezoresistive sensor for electronic skin detection of strain and temperature changes Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Chunhui Wang, Chaojie Xin, Qihang Song, Shuobang Wang, Siyi Cheng, Chao Shi, Dongyuan Zhao, Qingyuan He, Jie Zhang, Xiaoming Chen
Wearable sensors integrating multiple functions have great potential in artificial intelligence and flexible electronics at this stage and can perceive various external stimuli with high sensitivity and accuracy, such as strain, stress, and temperature. However, because multiple parameters do affect each other and reduce the sensing performance, making a single device that can detect multiple functions
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Model-based linear control of nonlinear pneumatic soft bending actuators Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Jiajin Wang, Baoguo Xu, Jianwei Lai, Xin Wang, Ye Lu, Cong Hu, Huijun Li, Aiguo Song
Advanced model-based control techniques hold great promise for the precise control of pneumatic soft bending actuators (PSBAs) with strong nonlinearities. However, most previous controllers were designed in a cumbersome nonlinear form. Considering the simplicity of linear system theory, this paper presents a novel perspective on using model-based linear control to handle nonlinear PSBAs, and for the
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Research on a rotary piezoelectric energy harvester based on movable magnets Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Yuhang Han, Chensheng Wang, Lei Sun, Hongxin Wang, Bowen Yang, Lipeng He
A hybrid energy harvester (HEH) is designed using a movable magnet to harvest the mechanical energy for rotational motion. One movement of the movable magnet can generate electricity from piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG) and electromagnetic generators (EMG), improving the energy conversion efficiency of HEH. The main factors affecting the motion characteristics of active magnets (number of magnets
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Analyzing the structural behavior of conducting polymer actuators and its interdependence with the electrochemical phenomenon Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Sukesh Kumar, Aimin Yu, Mudrika Khandelwal
This work reports the deformation behavior of a conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/bacterial cellulose (BC) bi-layered cantilever type actuator. Herein, it was found that the type (i.e. bending and torsion) of deformation of (PEDOT:PSS)/BC actuator was non-trivially dependent on its dimensions (width and length). Increasing the actuator’s width resulted
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3D-printed passive bellow actuator for portable soft wearable robots Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Jiutian Xia, Yuanjing Li, Shiling Fu, Wenhao Xie, Jingting Qu, Yunquan Li, Tao Ren, Yang Yang, Hao Liu
The compliance of soft wearable robots driven by fluids is high, but their portability and controllability are limited due to complex fluidic systems. On the other hand, tendon-driven soft wearable robots are compact and easy to control, but they have lower compliance when actively interacting with unknown environments. To address this trade-off between compliance and controllability, we propose a
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Performance analysis of electrical signal output of multi-state flexoelectric structures with parameter uncertainties through quasi-Monte Carlo method Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Xiao-Xiao Liu, Yang-Bing Xu, Chen Han, Feng Zhang
Flexoelectric effect is a more universal electromechanical coupling effect than piezoelectric effect. Flexoelectric beams as the main structural component of flexoelectric power signal output have broad application prospects in the next generation of micro–nano electromechanical systems. However, the electrical signal output of flexoelectric structures in macro-scale is far less than the output of
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Vibration control of giant electrorheological damper combining nonlinear fractional-order controller and extended state observer Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Huayan Pu, Jun Liu, Min Wang, Jiheng Ding, Jun Luo, Yi Sun
As a typical smart material, giant electrorheological fluid (GERF) has a greater yield stress than electrorheological fluid for vibration isolation. However, as rheological material, the modeling precision is severely degraded by its innate rate-dependent hysteretic nonlinearity and uncertainty. In this paper, a novel control method is proposed, which requires little information about the damper based
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Customized deformation behavior of morphing wing through reversibly assembled multi-stable metamaterials Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Chengyu Wang, Zhigang Wang, Huitian Wang, Zhuo Chen, Yuan Tian, Yu Yang, Sha Yin
The geometry of multi-stable metamaterials, will change by the transition from one stable state to another. Shape morphing wings consisted of multi-stable metamaterials have capability to deform as desired, attributed to the programmable mechanical properties of architectured materials. In this study, to fabricate large-scale shape morphing structures, multi-stable unit cells with reversible connections
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Magnetorheological variable stiffness and damping flexible joint with cam working surface for industrial robot Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Lifan Wu, Xiaomin Dong, Baolin Yang
In order to improve the environmental adaptability and interaction stability of industrial robotic arms, a flexible joint with variable damping and stiffness based on magnetorheological (MR) technology was proposed. The mechanical models for variable stiffness and damping of MR flexible joint were established, and the relationship between cam surface and variable stiffness element was derived based
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Design and performance analysis of a flexible-hinged piezoelectric driving dispenser Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Min Wu, Run-Mao Zhao, Jian-Neng Chen, Jun-Jie Zheng, Bo-Kai Shao
Piezo-driven dispensers are precision dispensing devices for trace amounts of fluid and are widely used in the microelectronics packaging field. However, the preloading mechanism of piezo-driven dispensers easily loosens in high-frequency operation, and the design accuracy of the transmission ratio of the flexible displacement transmission mechanism (DTM) requires improvement. To address the aforementioned
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A fast actuated soft gripper based on shape memory alloy wires Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Xiaozheng Li, Yongxian Ma, Chuang Wu, Youzhan Wang, Shoujun Zhou, Xing Gao, Chongjing Cao
The application of shape memory alloy (SMA) actuated soft grippers is limited by their slow recovery speed. In order to further expand their application range, as one of the solutions to address this limitation, this paper proposes a fast actuated soft gripper based on SMA wire active heat dissipation and elastic rib combination to meet the rapid actuation and recovery. The structure primarily consists
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Design and analysis of a contact-aided flexure hinge (CAFH) with variable stiffness Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Shenyuan Dai, Guangbo Hao, Lifang Qiu
This paper presents a novel contact-aided flexure hinge (CAFH) with variable stiffness, which consists of a contact-aided segment, a flexible segment and a rigid part. The proposed CAFH can facilitate a compact design and provide an alternative for stiffness-variable designs under any loading conditions. With a mortise-tenon structure, the CAFH is trivially affected by friction. The design and deformation
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Experimental study on vibration control performance of TMD-STF damper Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Minghai Wei, Kun Lin, Junjie Liu
A tuned mass damper (TMD) using shear thickening fluid (STF) as an energy dissipation medium is designed and manufactured. In addition, a TMD incorporating silicone oil (TMD-Si49) is fabricated to compare and analyze the vibration control performance of TMD-STF. Free vibration, forced vibration, and random excitation tests are conducted on a single degree of freedom (SDOF) structure model equipped
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Design and analysis of three-dimensional chiral metamaterials for enhanced torsional compliance Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Minjung Ji, Younghoi Cho, Seung-Jae Lee, Keun Park
Three-dimensional (3D) chiral structures are a subset of mechanical metamaterials known for their distinctive deformation characteristics, including the presence of auxetic and compression–torsion coupling behaviors. In this study, a novel 3D chiral metamaterial with high torsional compliance was designed. A gammadion-shaped chiral cell comprising inclined ligaments was incorporated into the chiral
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Bayesian approach of elliptical loci and RAPID for damage localization in wind turbine blade Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Jieshan Lu, Yuqiao Zheng, Heyu Zhang, Yongyong Cao
This investigation addresses the issue of damage detection and localization in wind turbine blade laminates. This paper proposes a novel approach that integrates the elliptical trajectory and probabilistic imaging method using the Bayesian framework. This method employs multiple damage-sensitive features to enhance the reliability and robustness of sensor arrays. The algorithm is optimized by analyzing
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PVDF piezoelectric sensor based on solution blow spinning fibers for structural stress/strain health monitoring Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Xuexue Zou, Ruijian Zhu, Xing Chen, Qianping Ran, Zengmei Wang
Strain monitoring is of great significance to the maintenance and safe operation of engineering structures. To address the shortcomings of piezoelectric ceramics such as high inflexibility and brittleness, in this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibrous films were prepared by a safe and efficient solution blow spinning technique. In the case of similar β-phase content, the preparing efficiency
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A phase-transition model of reprocessible thermadapt shape memory polymer Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Tong Mu, Fei Jia, Wei Zhao, Yanju Liu, Jinsong Leng
A new type of thermadapt shape memory polymer (SMP) has not only the processability of thermoplastic SMP, but also the excellent shape fixation of thermosetting SMP. To enhance the application of this thermadapt SMP within industrial sectors, a comprehensive constitutive model based on phase transition is being proposed as an indicative descriptor of the semi-crystalline thermadapt SMP’s salient features
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Phenomenological studies on magnetic and mechanical remanence effects in magnetorheological fluids Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Thomas Wiener, Christina Offenzeller, David Martetschläger, David Wimmer, Thomas Spirowski, Bernhard Jakoby
Although magnetorheological fluids (MRF) have been used in science and engineering for many decades and several products based on this technology are known, there is still no consistent routine that properly takes into account major effects in the material. The aim of this work is to establish a series of steps, from the preparation of the fluid through the demagnetization routine to the choice of
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A differentiable actuator extends potential configurations of modular robots Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Henghao Li, Xiaolin Zhang, Weijian Liang, Endong Xiao, Wenkai Huang
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be differentiated into various cell lineages under the influence of mechano-niche. Inspired by this approach, this study presents a differentiable stem cell actuator unit (SAU) driven by a shape memory alloy, and a modular robotic framework. Similar to mechanically guided differentiation of MSCs, SAUs can be differentiated into a series of differentiated actuator units