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Kinetic study and advanced decomposition models of superthermite-based nitrocellulose nanocomposite J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-13 Abdelaziz Hamed, Mohamed Gobara, Mohamed Mokhtar, Sherif Elbasuney
Superthermites are well-known for their exceptional combustion characteristics. α ferric oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using hydrothermal synthesis. Co-precipitation technique was empl...
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New approach for calculation of peak over pressure and impulse of aluminized explosive charges J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Satveer Kumar, Surinder Kumar, Pramod Kumar Soni, Devinder Mehta, Deepak Kothari, Niladri Mukherjee, Prateek Kishore
RDX/HMX-TNT-based aluminized explosive compositions have been investigated to find empirical relations based on heat of explosion (Q) and velocity of detonation (VOD) for calculation of peak over p...
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Study on a novel Al-B-Li alloy powder with high enthalpy of combustion J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-30 Yingcong Zhu, Aobo Hu, Runkai Huang, Xi Yang, Dong Zhang, Shuizhou Cai, Hui Zou
To develop aluminum-based alloy fuels with high energy release levels and good storage stability, the series of Al-B-Li alloy powders were prepared using high-temperature gas atomization. Al-4B-5Li...
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An overview on CL-20 synthesis and key issues with the TAIW route, along with improvement strategies J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Jianhong Jin, Shuyuan Lou, Qingtao Wang, Xiaoliang Xu, Qunfeng Zhang, Xiaonian Li
High Energy Density Materials (HEDMs) refer to materials with extensive applications in the fields of rocketry, propellants, and explosives chemistry. CL-20 is not only stands as the most powerful ...
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Titanium a novel catalyst and high energy dense material: an opportunity for composite propellants with enhanced performance J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Ali Said, Ahmed Maraden, Tarek M. Elhedery, M. Yehia, Ahmed Saleh, M. Gaber Zaky, Sherif Elbasuney
Whereas aluminum with combustion enthalpy of 32 KJ/g is the universal reactive metal particles, its passive protective oxide layer could encounter its efficient combustion. While titanium can offer...
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The significant role of passive oxide layer on reactive metal combustion: insights into composite solid propellant with superior performance J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Ali Said, Tarek M. Elhedery, Ahmed Maraden, Ali M. abd Elall, Shukri Ismael, Sherif Elbasuney
Passive oxide layer could expose a significant impact on reactive metal combustion. Boron and aluminum experience combustion enthalpy of 59.3 and 31.1 KJ/g and passive oxide layer of 200 and 7 nm, ...
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Effect of faujasite zeolites on the thermal stability and degradation kinetics of nitrocellulose J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Memdouh Chebbah, Fouad Benaliouche, Djalal Trache, Amir Abdelaziz, Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun
In the present work, to enhance the thermal stability of nitrocellulose (NC), the effect of inorganic stabilizers, namely, Y-ammonium or Y-hydrogen zeolites, has been investigated. Comparative test...
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Evaluation of the compatibility of energetic nitrocellulose/plasticizer blends through molecular dynamics simulation J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Weifeng Meng, Weihua Qin, Ting Zhang, Zhuiyue Guo, Yizheng Fu, Yanhua Lan
The compatibility of binders and plasticizers has a significant influence on the properties of polymer-bonded explosives. Molecular dynamics was employed to explore the compatibility between nitroc...
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A parameter determination method of powder burn model based on Levenberg-Marquardt optimization J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Shengfan Bi, Yong Huang, Jinyu Zhao, Shuyao Wang, Hao Wang
The powder burn model is a mathematical model used to characterize the combustion behavior of energetic materials. In this paper, a parameter determination method for the powder burn model is propo...
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Comparative study on detonation parameters of ammonium dinitramide and ammonium perchlorate in composite explosives J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Wenxiang Bian, Yaning Li, Peng Bao, Boliang Wang
Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) has the advantages of chlorine free, low characteristic signal and high energy compared with ammonium perchlorate (AP), which is the most likely oxidant to replace ammoni...
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Correction J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-13
Published in Journal of Energetic Materials (Ahead of Print, 2024)
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Synthesis and investigation of 5-amino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3-diol and its salts J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Xingcheng Zhang, Jinchao Ma, Yeran Zhai, Dongxu Chen, Fangfang Zou, Qiuju Zhou, Luyao Chen
5-amino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3-diol (ATNBD) was synthesized using an improved literature method. The reactions of ATNBD with different N-bases (e.g., ammonia, hydrazine, hydroxylamine, and guani...
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Sensor-monitored impact sensitivity investigations on HMTD of different aging stages with accompanying PTR-TOF measurements of the substances J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Matthias Muhr, Emre Ünal, Thomas Klapötke, Phillip Raschke
Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) is a commonly used homemade explosive due to its simple synthesis and availability of reactants. However, its impact sensitivity may vary significantly depe...
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Nano-hydroxyapatite filled EPDM nanocomposite: towards green elastomeric thermal insulating coating with superior mechanical, thermal, and ablation properties J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 M. Mosa, Mohamed Gobara, M. Mokhtar Kotb, Hany Fouda, Sherif Elbasuney
Heat-shielding composite materials containing asbestos has been used for thermal insulation of aerospace rocket motors. However, asbestos has carcinogenic effects on both human and environment. Thi...
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The efficient activation by adding Energetic metallic particles outside high explosives: a New direction for composite explosives J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-23 Chuan Xiao, Zhan-Dong Wang, Fang Chen, Yu-Xin Xu, Xiao-Long Jiao
Adding energetic metallic particles (EMPs) into high explosive (HE) will increase total energy output, while the energy enhancement differs with the structure of composite explosives (CE). To inves...
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Thermal decomposition mechanism study of 1-acetyl-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (TAX) J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Ruxin Zhang, Yinguang Xu, Fan Wang, Guangyuan Zhang, Haibin Hou, Lizhen Chen, Jianlong Wang
1-Acetyl-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane, codenamed TAX, is a by-product of the RDX/HMX production process. The thermal decomposition process of TAX has not been studied at present. Understandi...
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Strategy for improving the energy output efficiency of TKX-50: introduction of nitroamine explosives J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-17 Shu-Ji Wang, Di Wang, Xiao-le Sun, Yong Hu, Peng-Fei Zhu, Xue-Yong Guo
TKX-50 has attracted the attention of many researchers because of its low sensitivity and high energy characteristics. However, the experimental results show that there is a big gap between the ene...
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Novel protonated LiCoO2 as a catalyst for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Benjamin D. Hirt, Chase W. Wernex, Alp Sehirlioglu, Metin Örnek, Steven F. Son
LiCoO2 (LCO) powders were protonated and their catalytic activity on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was tested using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric ...
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A review on material characterization of composite solid propellant J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-29 Rajeev Ranjan, H. Murthy
Composite solid propellants (CSPs) are extensively used in solid rocket motors (SRMs) due to their excellent mechanical properties, stability, and high energy density. Lack of structural integrity ...
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Study on dynamic deformation-damage-ignition mechanism of GAP/RDX/TEGDN propellant J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-16 Liying Dong, Yanqing Wu, Kun Yang, Junwu Zhu, Xiao Hou
Investigations on high-energy and low-vulnerability propellants can provide a better understanding for improving the operational effectiveness and survivability of strategic and tactical missiles. ...
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The initial reaction mechanism of FOX-7 under high temperature and high pressure J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-11 Wei Zheng, Xue Yang, Fu-Sheng Liu, Zheng-Tang Liu, Qi-Jun Liu
In recent years, FOX-7 has attracted great interest due to its excellent performance. The initial decomposition mechanism of FOX-7 (ε phase) at high temperature and pressure is simulated by ab init...
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A robust tension-compression asymmetric phase-field fracture model for describing PBX cracking under complex stress states J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Luoxia Cao, Hong Yang, Yang Zhou, Mingfeng Tang, Shengnan Wang, Huarong Li, Yong Han
The crack behaviors under complex stress states are very important for the safety of polymer-bonded explosives (PBXs) under accidental stimulations, but their accurate description is a challenge. D...
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Design of PVA/PF/CL-20 explosive ink with small critical size and research on micro-sized detonation performance J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Shijiao Li, Kai Han, Chenyang Li, Haoxing Cao, Kaixin Tan, Jianquan Jing, Fubing Gao, Chongwei An, Bidong Wu
Using 3D direct writing technology, a small critical size explosive ink formula was designed using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aqueous solution and phenolic resin (PF) ethanol solution as a two-compone...
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Study on the effect of binder content on the cook-off response characteristics of HMX-based PBX J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Bing-Xv Qiao, Zeng-You Liang, Tong-Tong Zhou, Hao-Qiang Gao, Xiao-Ru Ji, Chao-Hui Tong
The cook-off tests and numerical simulations were carried out on the HMX-based PBX to study the influence of binder content on the cook-off response characteristics of PBX. The temperature change h...
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Static and dynamic characteristics of CL-20-based aluminized explosives: laboratory and numerical experiments J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-03 Ning Liu, Yang-Ying Li, Wen-Tao Hu
Research on CL-20-based aluminized explosives formulation and equipment application shows a critical research avenue. When these explosives are damaged, it affects safety, detonation stability, and...
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Solubility prediction and intermolecular interaction energies of four explosives in the studied solvents at different temperatures J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Qian Liu, Wenhuan Jiang, Yu Liu, Quntao Huang, Shengyu Guo, Yongmei Wei, Jianping Wu, Fei Zhang, Pu Zhang, Chongwei An
Solubility prediction and intermolecular interaction of four explosives (1,3,5-Trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine,ε‑2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaiso-wurtzitane, 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazolin...
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Porous nanosheets of TKX-50 by ice-templating strategy with excellent thermal decomposition and combustion properties J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 Cao Yunshan, Li Lan, You Ting, Pei Chonghua, Duan Xiaohui
Nanostructured energetic materials have attracted considerable research interests during the past decades because of their improved performances in thermal decomposition and combustion. In this wor...
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Assessment of the terminal velocity of explosively-propelled metal liner using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-29 Mohammad Hossein Keshavarz, Reza Ebadpour, Mohammad Jafari
Organic energetic compounds containing aluminum (OECAl) are hazardous materials, which have extensive applications in industries. For military and commercial high explosives, Gurney velocity is the...
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Structural evolution of HMX during processing operations J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-11 Mathieu Guerain, Pascal Palmas, Alexandre Lecardeur
The impact of processing operations such as chemical synthesis conditions, milling, coating and pressing operations on the crystallographic structure of HMX has been studied using X-ray diffraction...
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Thermal expansion characteristics of high energy insensitive explosive α-NTO J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-08 Zhiqiang Wang, Renzhe Zong, Yi Wang, Shanhu Sun, Jinjiang Xu, Yi Tong
Thermal expansion is an important structural parameter to evaluate the structural stability and performance reliability of energetic materials. In order to further understand the thermal expansion ...
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Novel azide polymer/NC/RDX composite microspheres: low sensitivity and excellent thermal stability J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-09 Peng Jin, Jie Li, Ximing Zhang, Wenhao Liu, Shuang Liu, Mengze Zheng, Wu Yang, Yunjun Luo
ABSTRACT The high sensitivity of nitramine explosives limits their wide application, and an effective way to reduce the sensitivity is to coat them. In this study, four types of azide polymers (GAP, GAPA, GAPE, GAP-ETPE) and nitrocellulose (NC) were selected as the coating materials to coat RDX by the solvent evaporation method. The morphology, structure, dimensions and coating quality of the composite
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Combustion performance and mechanism of DAP-4/Al composites with WO3 nanoparticles J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Jin-Qiang Zhou, Yi-Ming Wang, Hua Fang, Peng Deng, Jian-Xin Nie, Xue-Yong Guo, Rui Liu
ABSTRACT The design and preparation of new high-energy composite DAP-4/Al is very important for the study of composite solid propellants. In this work, the combustion properties and reaction mechanism of DAP-4/Al composites doped with WO3 nanoparticles were studied. DAP-4/Al composites were prepared by different mass ratios. The combustion state, combustion time, pressure, pressurization rate and flame
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Incorporation of CL-20 into TKX-50 to improve thermal reactivity J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-26 Xueyong Guo, Di Wang, Kai Sun, Yanli Zhu, Shuji Wang, Chengcheng Wu
ABSTRACT Dihydroxylammonium 5, 5′-bistetrazole-1, 1′-diolate (TKX-50) is a promising new nitrogen-rich energetic material with considerable properties and low sensitivity, but unfortunately inadequate energy release may restrict its application. To enhance the reactivity of TKX-50 in the energetic materials, TKX-50/CL-20 composite material was constructed by using a facile fabrication method. Further
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Training machine learning models based on the structural formula for the enthalpy of vaporization and sublimation and a thorough analysis of Trouton’s rules J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-21 Sabrina Wahler, Peter Chung, Thomas M. Klapötke
ABSTRACT To convert a calculated value of the enthalpy of formation from the gas phase to room temperature, the enthalpy of sublimation and vaporization are needed. Numerous methods to predict the enthalpies are available, ranging from complex quantum methods to simple empirical correlations to the melting or boiling points. In this study, two machine learning models have been introduced to quickly
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Design of advanced and highly effective partially bio-energetic polybenzoxazines as the next generation of reactive structure materials J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-16 Slimane Abdous, Mehdi Derradji, Karim Khiari, Oussama Mehelli, Abdeljalil Zegaoui, Wenbin Liu
ABSTRACT In this study, a new class of energetic green benzoxazine polymers is introduced based on vanillin, as a renewable reactant. The newly developed monomers were afforded by the reaction of vanillin with exploshores groups bearing compounds, namely the 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine and the para-nitroaniline, respectively, following the typical Mannich reaction. The chemical structure and the formation
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Application of TNBA-based low eutectic mixture in melt-cast explosives J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-14 Zhihong Yu, Xiaolan Song, Yi Wang, Zhipeng Cheng, Chongwei An
ABSTRACT In this work, two TNBA-based low eutectic mixtures, TNBA/TNAZ (TZ) and TNBA/DNTF (TD), as well as eight TNBA-based melt-cast explosives, TNBA/TNAZ/RDX (TZR), TNBA/TNAZ/HMX (TZH), TNBA/TNAZ/TKX-50 (TZT), TNBA/TNAZ/CL-20 (TZC), TNBA/DNTF/RDX (TDR), TNBA/DNTF/HMX (TDH), TNBA/DNTF/TKX-50 (TDT) and TNBA/DNTF/CL-20 (TDC), were developed as structural models. A molecular dynamics approach was used
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Effect of core-shell structure of MgAl-CuO nanothermite coated with potassium perchlorate on the thermo-kinetic behavior of NC/DEGDN composite J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-14 Mohammed Dourari, Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun, Djalal Trache, Amir Abdelaziz, Roufaida Tiliouine, Tessnim Barkat, Wissam Bessa, Slimane Bekhouche
ABSTRACT In this study, a core-shell structure of MgAl-CuO nanothermite coated with ammonium perchlorate (KClO4@MgAl-CuO) has been successfully prepared by a solvent/non-solvent synthetic method, and its catalytic influence on the thermo-kinetic behavior of nitrated cellulose (NC)/diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN) composite has been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) combined with
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Experimental and simulation studies on the influencing factors of mechanical stimulation threshold of HAN-based liquid propellant J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-08 Li-Min Kang, San-Zhen Wu, Bao-Jing Zhou, Kai Zhang, Shi-Guo Bao, Sen Xu, Chen-Guang Zhu
ABSTRACT This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the effects of water content and ambient temperature on the mechanical stimulation threshold of hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) based liquid propellant. Based on the stability analysis of slow cook-off test for HAN-based liquid propellant, the mechanical sensitivity of the liquid propellant with different water content was evaluated at different
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Ignition response of NEPE-based propellants under drop weight through experiments and numerical simulation J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-29 Hongzheng Duan, Yanqing Wu, Xiao Hou, Kun Yang, Wubuliaisan Maimaitituersun, Fenglei Huang
ABSTRACT Experimental and numerical studies were conducted to investigate the effects of drop height on the ignition mechanism of NEPE nitrate ester plasticized polyether-based propellants. A modified drop-weight system was equipped with a high-speed camera to capture the ignition response images during the whole impact process. A macro-mesoscopic thermomechanical model considering the microcrack and
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Investigation on the surface reactions of Mg–Al alloy/Teflon/Viton in O2 J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-27 Yifan Li, Hongtao Yang, Aifeng Jiang, Dongming Song, Yanchun Li
ABSTRACT A comprehensive study on the surface morphologies and element distributions of Mg–Al alloy particles and Mg–Al alloy/Teflon/Viton composite (MATV) during oxidation was conducted via scanning electronic microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The formations of the reaction products of MATV were further analyzed via X-ray diffraction. By the temperature of 600°C, a fluorination
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Manufacturing superfine AP by milling in a lab-scale resonant acoustic mixer (LabRAM) J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-02 Felix A. Rodriguez, J. C. Thomas, E. L. Petersen
ABSTRACT A common practice to deisgn composite propellants with high burning rates is to use several sizes of the oxidizer (e.g., ammonium perchlorate, AP) to increase the total amount of solids that can be packed into the composite propellant system. Small AP particles (≤15 μm) are difficult to obtain from commercial vendors due to restrictions derived from increased explosion hazards for superfine
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Numerical simulation of the effect of embedded gap on impact initiation of explosive PBX-9502 J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-26 Jingyao Yuan, Han Yong
ABSTRACT Aiming at the influence of the embedded gap on the impact initiation of the flat flyer of PBX-9502, the finite element simulation software LS-DYNA and the I-G model are used to establish the numerical calculation model of the cylindrical PBX-9502 with the embedded gap for the impact initiation of flat flyer, and analyze the influence of different impedance. The effect of the thickness and
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Testing open-source tools for optical chemical structure recognition on novel nitrogen-rich energetic materials J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-23 Sabrina Wahler, Thomas M. Klapötke, William G. Proud
ABSTRACT In this study, a rule-based optical structure recognition and one based on a CNN are tested on nitrogen-rich materials to see if they can be coupled to software for predicting the properties of said materials. Overall, the accuracy has been tested on three scientific publications, to see if it is possible to easily extract information from literature to assemble large databases for material
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Laser-induced air shock from energetic materials (LASEM): a novel microscale technique for characterizing energy release at high heating rates J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-04-17 Jennifer L. Gottfried, Elliot R. Wainwright
ABSTRACT In this review we detail the expansion of laser-induced shock waves into the air following nanosecond-pulsed laser ablation of energetic materials for comparison of the microsecond-timescale energy release among different samples; subsequent self-sustained combustion reactions provide information about the millisecond-timescale energy release. This technique is called laser-induced air shock
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RDX Red Gum: A High Performance Pressable Formulation J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-04-16 Taylor Busby, Robert Ichiyama, James Smith, Jimmie Oxley
ABSTRACT Explosive pellets containing binary mixtures of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and yacca resin “red gum” (RG) with composition ratios of 90:10, 95:5, and 98:2 RDX:RG were prepared. These were created without use of specialized pressing or casting facilities, making it a convenient formulation for researchers. Red gum, a component of molding powder, was mixed with RDX, both in powder form
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An investigation on the microscale detonation transmission performance of HMX-based explosive ink J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-04-14 Kai Han, Zhiyuan Feng, Qingfeng Liu, Chen Yang Li, Chuanhao Xu, Baoyun Ye, Bidong Wu, Jingyu Wang, Chongwei An
ABSTRACT To investigate the effect of Octogen (HMX) in the application of microscale explosive transfer sequence charges. In this paper, we designed and formulated four kinds of explosive inks with different solid contents using submicron HMX as the main explosive and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aqueous solution / fluorocarbon resin (FEVE) ethyl acetate solution emulsion as the binder system, studied the
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Methods and strategies to achieve hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW or CL-20): a comprehensive overview J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-02 Yadollah Bayat, Ghazaleh Taheripouya, Vida Zeynali, Vahid Azizkhani
ABSTRACT In recent years, hollow cage-type molecular structures have attracted much scientific attention and have unique properties due to their structure. One of these mentioned compounds and most interesting high energetic molecules developed in recent years is the polycyclic nitramine, 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane or (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo
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The predictions of RoseBoom2.2© without the input of any data received from experiments or composite methods J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-02 Sabrina Wahler, Thomas M. Klapötke
ABSTRACT Recent studies with the new program RoseBoom© claim it can predict reliable detonation parameters only based on the structural formula, without the need of a heat of formation or density obtained using a different method. In this study, it was investigated how big the impact on the calculated detonation parameters is, when one uses the density and heat of formation predicted by RoseBoom2.2©
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Novel ammonium perchlorate/RDX co-crystal: bespoke energetic materials with tailored decomposition kinetics J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-23 Sherif Elbasuney, M. Yehia, Shukri Ismael, M. El Gamal
ABSTRACT Ammonium perchlorate/cyclo-trimethylene-trinitramine (AP/RDX) co-crystal was accomplished via solvent sublimation. Proper dispersion of AP within RDX matrix was verified using EDAX detector. AP/RDX co-crystal experienced the evolution of novel crystalline structure with superior thermal behavior. AP/RDX co-crystal experienced an increase in RDX decomposition enthalpy by 70.6%. Furthermore
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Stability and hazard properties of improvised nitrocellulose J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-12 Mohammed Moniruzzaman, Emma Houlihan, Matthew Parker, Ian Wilson
ABSTRACT Nitrocellulose is a vulnerable and sensitive energetic material that can easily be manufactured from ordinary household chemicals and used for illicit purposes. Hazards of this material can lead to incidents resulting from unplanned initiation in manufacturing, storage or handling.Thermal stability and hazard data for so-called improvised nitrocellulose (IN) are crucial to formulate guidance
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Theoretical exploration of polynitrogen compounds N6, N8, N10, and N6 ions based on N3− and cyclo-N5− J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-07 Shuaijie Jiang, Qing Lang, Yuangang Xu, Qiuhan Lin, Pengcheng Wang, Ming Lu
ABSTRACT Polynitrogen energetic materials have become an important branch of high-energy-density materials. In this work, a thorough theoretical exploration of polynitrogen compounds N6, N8, N10, and N6 ions was conducted based on N3− and pentazolate anion (cyclo-N5−). Based on quantum chemistry calculations and wavefunction analyses, the equilibrium geometry, bond orders, atoms-in-molecules analysis
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Seeking forensic evidence of preparation routes to 2,4,6-trinitrophenol J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Taylor Busby, James L. Smith, Jimmie C. Oxley
ABSTRACT The explosive 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) was prepared by five different methods using laboratory-grade chemicals as well as consumer-available chemicals in order to establish background forensic information. Nitrate sources were altered by using three concentrations of nitric acid or nitrate salts; an over-the-counter source of sulfuric acid was also investigated. Recovered products
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Nitrocellulose-based propellants: elucidation of the mechanisms of the diphenylamine stabilizer employing density functional theory J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 João Luís do Nascimento Mossri, Rodrigo Leonard Barboza Rodrigues, Jakler Nichele, Itamar Borges Jr.
ABSTRACT The decomposition of energetic materials, especially propellants, produces nitrous gas and free acid nitrates which accelerates its rate velocity. To inhibit this inconvenient autocatalytic reaction, molecules known as stabilizers are usually included in their composition. One of them, diphenylamine (DPA), is primarily used in single-base compositions. In this work, we used density functional
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Experimental and numerical study of shock-to-detonation transition in tri-amino-tri-nitro-benzene explosive with temperature effects J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-27 Shuqi Yang, Wenyang Peng, Junxiang Shu, Qimin Zhang, Lang Chen, Xu Zhang
ABSTRACT The present work completed a series of one-dimensional plate impact experiments combined with an temperature control system, which could study the temperature effects on shock initiation characteristics of the tri-amino-tri-nitro-benzene (TATB)-based explosives. Buildup to detonation was measured with aluminum-based electromagnetic particle velocity (EMV) gauge technique, and the shock tracker
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Multiple mesoscopic hotspot mechanisms model and its applications in drop impact hazard simulations J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-18 Haijiao Xue, Yanqing Wu, Kun Yang
ABSTRACT Due to the complex stress state (shearing, compression, friction, etc.) of the charged polymer-bonded explosives (PBXs) under accidental drop impact loading, a physical model is needed to describe the hotspot formation and ignition responses to predict the safety of PBXs. A mechanical-thermal-chemical-coupled model incorporating microcrack and microvoid-related damage followed by ignition
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Effect of thermite on the infrared radiation performance of Mg4Al3/PTFE/Viton agents J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-10 Chunchun Wei, Yiming Lu, Bohuai Zhou, Hua Guan
ABSTRACT To improve the infrared radiation performance of the Mg4Al3/PTFE/Viton agents (MATV), three higher energy magnesium thermite, Mg-Fe2O3, Mg-MnO2 and Mg-MoO3, were selected and added to the MATV. Thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction were used to explore the agents’ reaction processes, and infrared thermography was used to examine their combustion radiation characteristics. The results demonstrate
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Fluorine Added to Lead the Way to Future Energetic Materials: 3,5-difluoro-2,4,6-trinitroaniline J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-12-15 Cong Li, Mingwei Liu, Taotao Li, Linjian Wang, Rui Zhang, Suming Jing
ABSTRACT The efficient design and synthesis of energetic compounds with the highest possible energy and chemical stability has attracted enormous attention due to their high-tech applications. Here we show an energetic compound, 3,5-difluoro-2,4,6-trinitroaniline (8), the relationship between structure and properties is discussed based on the single-crystal diffraction data and several theoretical
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Particle Size Characteristics of Energetic Materials Distributed from Low-Order Functioning Mortar Munitions J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-12-12 Samuel A. Beal, Matthew F. Bigl
ABSTRACT Particles of explosive filler distributed from low-order (LO) munition functioning are susceptible to dissolution and potential mobilization into groundwater and surface water. We command-initiated three mortar munitions as LO in triplicate using a fuze simulator and recovered particles from an ice surface to constrain LO particle characteristics. Total explosive mass recovery (19–55%) and
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RoseTrauzl-Equation – a universal equation to predict the strength of an explosive in a Trauzl-test J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-27 Sabrina Wahler, Thomas M. Klapötke
ABSTRACT A simple correlation between the resulting volume in the Trauzl-test and the heat of detonation, density and volume of detonation gases is given in this paper. This universally applicable correlation could be used as an alternative to the Trauzl-test to determine the strength of an energetic material.
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Preparation, optimization and properties of FOX-7@Al microparticles via spray drying J. Energ. Mater. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-23 Yue Yang, Rui Yang, Xiaodong Li, Ziwen Dong, Song Kong, Jingyu Wang
ABSTRACT In this laboratory, FOX-7@Al composites were developed by spray-drying technique. The effects of inlet temperature, feed rate and nitrogen flow rate and their interactions on the morphology and yield of FOX-7@Al were investigated by response surface methodology (RSM). Corresponding empirical equations were derived to show these interactions. The optimum process conditions determined by RSM