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Machine-learning algorithms for predicting condensation heat transfer coefficients in the presence of non-condensable gases Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Fangning Li, Haishan Cao
Condensation on surfaces in the presence of non-condensable gas (NCG) is a ubiquitous and critical phenomenon in many industrial fields. However, current empirical correlations for predicting condensation heat transfer coefficients in the presence of NCG may exhibit significant deviations from reality. Machine learning algorithms are now being dedicated to this field, but the models developed can only
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Performance investigation and precooler design of a coupled supercritical CO2-based mixture Brayton cycle with absorption refrigeration cycle Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Ya-Nan Ma, Peng Hu
CO–Kr (mass fraction of 0.755/0.245) has enormous development potential as a Brayton cycle working fluid. To reduce the limitation of ambient temperature on the supercritical CO–Kr Brayton cycle, this paper develops a thermo-economic model of a coupled system of a supercritical recompression Brayton cycle (SRBC) and an absorption refrigeration cycle (ARC). The ARC utilizes the waste heat from the SRBC
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Density and viscosity measurement of R513A and a modified residual entropy scaling model for predicting the viscosity of HFC/HFO refrigerants Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Kai Kang, Shu Yang, Yaxiu Gu, Xiaopo Wang
Liquid density and viscosity of alternative refrigerants R513A were measured with a vibrating-wire viscosimeter in the temperature of 253 K to 363 K when pressure changes from 1 MPa to 12 MPa. The combined expended uncertainties with a confidence level of 0.95 ( = 2) of density and viscosity are 0.2 % and 2 %, respectively. In addition, a viscosity model of HFCs (fluorocarbons)/, HFOs (hydro-fluoroolefins)
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Measurement and correlation development of the diffusion coefficient of R32 in lubricating oil Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Liyi Xie, Dawei Zhuang, Guoliang Ding
R32 has been widely used in room air-conditioners, and its dissolution in lubricating oil can significantly affect the air-conditioner performance. The dissolved mass of R32 is determined by the diffusion coefficient which is related to the air conditioner working conditions, and thus a diffusion coefficient model that reflects the effects of the working conditions of temperature, pressure and initial
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Experimental analysis into the effect of heat exchanger sizing on charge optimization in an R410A chiller with a dedicated subcooler Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Sugun Tej Inampudi, Stefan Elbel
There is an increased focus on the amount of refrigerant used in the HVAC&R systems due to the ongoing phase-down of high GWP refrigerants. In the current work, charge optimization is conducted with a variable speed compressor in an R410A chiller having a nominal cooling capacity of 8 kW, which is installed with a condenser, receiver and dedicated subcooler. This study also provides for the first time
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Performance investigation of CO2 automotive air-conditioning system with ejector at 45 °C ambient temperature Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Tianyang Yang, Yunchun Yang, Huiming Zou, Changqing Tian, Dariusz Butrymowicz
The ejector-expansion system design is an effective approach to improve the cooling performance of transcritical CO systems. In this study, a transcritical CO air-conditioning system with an ejector for electric vehicles is built up to experimentally investigate the cooling performance at an extreme temperature of 45 °C. The performance improvement is evaluated compared to the corresponding basic system
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Mathematical model of the evaporative condenser for on-site condition simulation Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Yanpeng Li, Shaofeng Shen, Zengqun Li, Chuang Wang, Ziwen Xing, Dawei Ren, Huanliang Zhang
Evaporative condensers (ECs) have been widely adopted in the fields of refrigeration, petrochemicals, etc. owing to the advantages of low water and energy consumption. However, due to the lack of a reliable mathematical model, the energy-saving potential of ECs remains unexplored. To realize thermodynamic performance predictions under on-site conditions, a generic model with 4 characteristic parameters
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Thermoacoustic refrigeration with compressible liquid as working fluid Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Rui Yang, Yupeng Yang, Jingyuan Xu, Zhanghua Wu, Ercang Luo
The classical thermoacoustic refrigeration adopts gases with ideal-gas properties as working fluids. Herein, the thermoacoustic refrigeration using a compressible liquid as the working fluid is investigated for the first time. Two models are utilized parallelly: a highly-simplified short refrigerator model and a far-more realistic full-scale thermoacoustic refrigerator model. The results from the short
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An experimental investigation of nucleate boiling performance for low-GWP azeotropic refrigerant R513A on a smooth tube Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Qadir Nawaz Shafiq, Kuo-Shu Hung, Chi-Chuan Wang
In the present study, an experimental investigation is conducted to study the nucleate boiling characteristics on a smooth tube having a low-GWP azeotropic refrigerant, R513A. The heat flux ranges from 5 to 90 kW/m, and saturation temperatures are 0, 6, 10, 16, and 22 °C, respectively. The performance of R513A is compared against that of R134a. The performance is in terms of heat transfer coefficient
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Thermal−hydraulic characteristics of R32 and R410A condensation in plate heat exchangers with 1 mm chevron depth Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Wenjian Wei, Kaibing Lin, Yubin Du, Chengcheng Xu, Xiaolu Li
Compact brazed plate heat exchangers (BPHEs) with low chevron depths are widely used in new heat pumps and air-conditioners for reducing inventory and improving efficiency. This study analyses the complete condensation of R410A and R32 inside BPHEs with a chevron depth of 1 mm. The effects of the mass flux and chevron patterns (V-shaped and W-shaped) on the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and frictional
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Development and experimental analysis of a multi-bed active magnetic regenerator Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Peng Hai, Jun Shen, Zhenxing Li, Ke Li, Wei Dai
Room temperature magnetic refrigeration technology is a potentially efficient and environmentally friendly refrigeration technology. A magnetic refrigeration prototype with two high/low magnetic field regions was designed and built. The device consists of eight beds, using gadolinium particles as the magnetocaloric material, with a total filling mass of 1.35 kg. The hydraulic system consists mainly
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Elastocaloric cooling: A pathway towards future cooling technology Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-17 Het Mevada, Boyang Liu, Lei Gao, Yunho Hwang, Ichiro Takeuchi, Reinhard Radermacher
Elastocaloric cooling is emerging as a promising alternative to conventional vapor compression systems due to its potential for energy savings and significant temperature lift compared to other solid-state cooling technologies. This technology harnesses the latent heat associated with the martensitic phase transition of shape memory alloys to generate the desired cooling or heating effect. This paper
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Performance evaluation of a vertical-finned microchannel and a fin-tube heat exchangers under wet and frosting conditions Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Feng Li, Kewei Shi, Xihui Sun, Bao Yue, Dong Huang, Rijing Zhao, Yongfeng Zhao
This paper compares the performance of a vertical-finned microchannel heat exchanger (VMHX) and a 2-row fin-tube heat exchanger (FTHX) under wet and frosting conditions. The VMHX features vertically oriented fins with an extension at the windward side and parallel microchannel tubes, allowing for efficient water drainage and better performance than conventional microchannel heat exchangers with parallel
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Experimental investigation of a new CO2 refrigeration system arrangement for supermarket applications Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Ana PAEZ, Bénédicte BALLOT-MIGUET, Benoit MICHEL, Pascal TOBALY, Rémi REVELLIN
A new position of an internal heat exchanger within the thermodynamic cycle is proposed to improve the performance of CO refrigeration systems in warm climates, specifically in supermarket applications. The proposed configuration uses the saturated vapor from the liquid receiver to recover the heat that is rejected by a subcooler positioned after the gas cooler. This system results in a reduced evaporator
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE STRATEGIES APPLIED IN GENERAL AND AUTOMOTIVE AIR CONDITIONING CONTROL. A REVIEW OF THE LAST 20 YEARS{fr}STRATÉGIES D'INTELLIGENCE ARTIFICIELLE APPLIQUÉES AU CONTRÔLE GÉNÉRAL ET À LA CLIMATISATION AUTOMOBILE. UNE REVUE DES 20 DERNIÈRES ANNÉES Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Ramon de Paoli Mendes, Juan José Garcia Pábon, Daniel Leon Ferreira Pottie, Luiz Machado
This article conducts a 20-year review of studies investigating the utilization of artificial intelligence in HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) system control, with a particular focus on automotive HVAC systems, renowned for their unique challenges due to the highly dynamic nature of automotive cabins. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) provide adaptive modeling and control capabilities
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Performance analysis of a vapor injection linear compressor in a dual-temperature zone refrigerator Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Xuan Li, Huiming Zou, Mingsheng Tang, Yao Hui, Haitao Hu
The vapor injection linear compressor exhibits a distinctive mass flowrate distribution characteristic compared to other vapor injection compressors, making it promising for application in dual-temperature zones refrigerating systems. In this study, a novel system of dual-temperature zone refrigerators featuring two parallel evaporators is proposed, and numerical models of the vapor injection linear
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Study on heat and mass transfer characteristics of 3He-4He at extremely low temperatures in mixing chamber of dilution refrigeration Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Han Gong, Xiaoteng Ma, Xueshuo Shang, Wei Shao, Shengnan Meng, Zheng Cui
Dilution refrigeration using a He-He mixture as a working medium has gradually become one of the most important methods to obtain millikelvin temperature. At present, the study on dilution refrigeration is mainly aimed at commercializing the whole product. However, the heat and mass transfer characteristics of He-He at extremely low temperatures in the mixing chamber lack systematic study. In this
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Seasonal performance assessment and experimental investigation of R32 drop-in and BPHX size in an R410A chiller when using two compressor modulation strategies Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Sugun Tej Inampudi, Stefan Elbel
The decrease in fossil fuel reserves and high energy consumption by HVAC&R equipment require the use of compressors with better efficiencies and capacity modulation strategies. Usually, seasonal performance studies focus on compressor capacity modulation methods, however the current study explores the idea of improving the seasonal performance of two compressor modulation techniques: a two-stage and
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Study on transferring the refrigeration power in the temperature-distributed regenerative refrigeration cycle Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Qiang Cao, Pengcheng Wang, Zhiping Wang, Miaomiao Wang, Yuji Chen, Lichun Ge, Peng Li, Qinyu Zhao, Bo Wang, Zhihua Gan
The temperature-distributed regenerative refrigeration cycle utilizes the real-gas properties to generate the temperature-distributed refrigeration power and improves the cooling performance and liquefaction rate of cryogenic gases. The temperature-distributed refrigeration power is distributed in the volume of the regenerator. It is challenging to transfer this distributed refrigeration power, and
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Variable pressure differential fuzzy control method for the multi-split backplane cooling system in data center Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Mengyi Li, Xiuming Li, Yiqi Zhang, Jiaxiang Dong, Zongwei Han, Bo Zhou
In contrast to existing room-level cooling systems, rack-level cooling systems can solve local hot spot issues due to their on-demand cooling way with higher energy efficiency and higher supply cooling temperatures. However, the multi-split backplane cooling system, which is a typical rack-level cooling way, makes it easy to cause insufficient refrigerant supply problems due to higher evaporating pressure
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Experimental investigation on the flow boiling of R134a in a plate heat exchanger with mini-wavy corrugations Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Wei-chao Lao, Yi-dong Fang, Qing-hu Chen, Lin-jie Xu, Hui-nan Yang, Yu-qi Huang
As a common component in various applications, the two-phase heat transfer of plate heat exchanger has been frequently studied. However, further investigations are still required on the flow pattern, especially for those with new plate structures brought with the emergence of new applications. This study presented an experimental investigation on the flow boiling of R134a in a plate heat exchanger
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In tube condensation of low global warming potential refrigerants in an axial micro-fin aluminum tube Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Yifeng Hu, Saad Ayub Jajja, Cheng-Min Yang, Samuel Fortunato Yana Motta, Brian Albert Fricke, Kashif Nawaz
Environmental regulations have driven the development of refrigerants with low global warming potential (GWP). To design heat exchangers using these new refrigerants, data are needed concerning the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop in two-phase flow. Another change is the increasing use of aluminum tubes rather than copper tubes to reduce heat exchanger cost. Hence, this study presents an
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Isothermal (vapor + liquid) equilibrium measurements and correlation of the binary mixture 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (R1243zf) + isobutane (R600a) at temperatures from [formula omitted] to [formula omitted] K Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Davide Menegazzo, Giulia Lombardo, Laura Fedele, Sergio Bobbo, Min Soo Kim, Yeonwoo Jeong, Sangwook Lee
The restrictions set by the F-gas Regulation and the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol have pushed an extensive research into alternatives for fluorinated greenhouse gases in air conditioning and refrigeration. Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) are emerging as promising substitutes for hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) in HVAC and refrigeration. Amongst these, R1243zf raised
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Prediction of critical temperature of binary refrigerant mixtures by neural network Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Gang Wang, Peng Hu, Qi Chen, Chang Xu, Jingxin Zhao
Critical temperature () is an important property of refrigerant mixtures. In this study, a neural network-based model is established to predict the of binary mixtures from the molar fraction and molecular structure of their components. First, graph neural network (GNN) is applied to generate the representation of the molecular structure of single component. The generated representation is added according
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Ammonia single-phase and two-phase frictional pressure losses in horizontal smooth and straight inner-grooved tubes Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-25 Vasyl Ruzaikin, Ivan Lukashov, Andrii Breus
The experimental study of single-phase and two-phase frictional pressure losses has been performed with ammonia flow in stainless steel smooth tubes (internal diameter of 5.5 mm and 8.5 mm) and six straight inner-grooved aluminium tubes with different nominal diameters (7.15 to 13.3 mm), length (0.45 to 2.0 mm) and thickness (0.35 to 0.8) of fins. Single-phase test boundary conditions correspond to
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Modeling and experimental investigation of oil retention in pipelines of multi-split air conditioning system Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-25 Ziteng Yan, Feilong Zhan, Guoliang Ding, Bao Yue, Zhigang Wu, Hao Zhang, Yanpo Shao, Xiaomin Weng, Jianfeng Li
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Quality and quantity trade-offs in clear ice making Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Fabio S. Melo, Rodrigo P. Cardoso, Christian J.L. Hermes
This paper is aimed at clear ice making. To this end, a purpose-built apparatus that controls the solidification rate was specially designed and constructed to assess the trade-offs between ice clearness (quality) and production rate (quantity). An image-based ice clearness evaluation technique was devised and adopted to compute a figure-of-merit for the ice quality. 30 ml ice cube samples were produced
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A homogeneous relaxation model algorithm in density-based formulation with novel tabulated method for the modeling of CO2 flashing nozzles Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Antoine Metsue, Sébastien Poncet, Yann Bartosiewicz
Accurate prediction of the flow physics within nozzles and ejectors working with two-phase carbon dioxide remains particularly challenging. Indeed, the flashing phenomenon in the device often comes along with the formation of the metastable phase, which can severely affect both the flow physics, and the flow rate. Due to the particular challenges associated with building and operating two-phase carbon
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Experimental investigation of critical parameters for the binary mixture of CO2 + R1336mzz(Z) (cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene) and analysis of critical locus for CO2 + hydrofluoroolefin systems Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Bo Tang, Xiaoyu Yao, Xueqiang Dong, Bowen Sheng, Yanxing Zhao, Jun Shen, Maoqiong Gong
The transcritical CO power cycle has been recognized as a highly promising technique for reducing carbon emissions in heat utilization. However, this technology is limited because of the critical parameters of pure CO (including low critical temperature and high critical pressure). To overcome these limitations, one potential solution is to introduce a new working fluid consisting of a blend of hydrofluoroolefins
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Preparation, characterisation and property modification of a calcium chloride hexahydrate phase change material slurry with additives for thermal energy transportation Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Wenye Lin, Stefan Gschwander, Wenji Song, Ziping Feng, Mohammed M. Farid
Efficient thermal energy distribution and rational energy management are effective solutions to address the significant and fast-ascending energy consumption in building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC). Phase change material (PCM) slurries with excellent thermal energy transportation and storage characteristics have been recognised as promising secondary refrigerants to simultaneously
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Effect of convective and radiative heat transfer in evaporative losses during beef cooling Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 A. Urquiola, P.A. Galione, P.L. Curto-Risso
In the present work a numerical analysis is presented to identify the separate effect of cooling by radiation and convection, in evaporative meat weight loss during beef carcass cooling process. A transient heat and mass transfer model is proposed using a 3D beef side geometry. Water activity variations are incorporated in the model. Convective coefficients are obtained from correlations by considering
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CFD simulation approved by an experimental validation of the diffusion absorption refrigeration system evaporator Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Zakaria Rahmani, Djallel Zebbar, Kouider Mostefa, Sahraoui Kherris
The evaporation process has a considerable impact on the operation of a diffusion absorption refrigeration system (DAR). However, there have been few studies that have focused on this specific issue. In this paper, a numerical investigation of the evaporator region in a DAR system was conducted using CONVERGE CFD software and the RANS approach. The aim of this study is to validate an accurate CFD model
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Parametric optimization of ambient and cryogenic loop heat pipes using multiple linear regression method Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Chenyang Zhao, Nanxi Li, Zhenhua Jiang, Xue Zhou, Yinong Wu
In the design and optimization of ambient and cryogenic loop heat pipes (ALHPs and CLHPs), the cost for optimizing every parameter may be very high. Additionally, in cryogenic spacecraft applications, the resources allocated to the thermal control system are very limited. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and optimize the parameters that have a greater impact on the overall performance. In this
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Thermal conductivity measurements for trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(E)) in liquid phase Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Davide Menegazzo, Giulia Lombardo, Mauro Scattolini, Giovanni Ferrarini, Stefano Rossi, Laura Fedele, Sergio Bobbo
International regulations, such as the European Regulation EU No 517/2014, are pushing the refrigeration, heat pumps and air conditioning sectors to find suitable low-GWP working fluids as alternatives to the currently widespread high-GWP refrigerants, such as R134a and R410A. Halogenated olefins (HFOs and HCFOs) have been considered promising and, among these, trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(E))
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Evaluations of heat pump water heater with liquid-separation condensation from perspectives of performance enhancement and heat exchange area reduction Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Jianyong Chen, Nuo Yang, Junjie Li, Jiacheng He, Ying Chen, Xianglong Luo, Yingzong Liang
Heat pump water heater (HPWH) offers great potential to reduce energy consumption in water heating applications. But its performance enhancement and/or initial cost deduction are the main challenges to promote market penetration. In this paper, a heat transfer improvement technology, i.e., liquid-separation condensation (LSC), is implemented to HPWH and screen to achieve the maximized COP (E-HPWH)
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Effects of electronic expansion valve tube arrangement on reduction of two-phase refrigerant throttling noise Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Shaohua Zhou, Feilong Zhan, Tianjie Zhu, Guoliang Ding, Hexin Liu, Wei Chen, Hua Chen
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Research progress of freezing processes and devices for fresh meat products Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-18 Wangjun Cheng, Qiang Gao, Yaoning Sun, Xuezhi Li, Xiaokang Chen, Zhenzeng Chong, Wei Sheng
Low temperature environments can effectively inhibit the growth of microorganisms in raw meat products due to the reduced activity of enzymes, which is conducive to the long-term preservation of foodstuffs. At present, mainstream technologies include ultrasonic-assisted freezing, high-voltage electric and magnetic field-assisted freezing, and liquid nitrogen freezing technologies are widely used in
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Experimental study and model optimization of thermodynamic performance of a single screw water vapor compressor Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-18 Huafu Zhang, Zhentao Zhang, Lige Tong, Junling Yang, Yanan Li, Li Wang, Xia Guo, Rui Tian, Mingxin He, Chongguang Gao
Single screw water vapor compressor has greater advantages under conditions of low suction temperature and high compression ratio, however, the current study has the following limitations: (1) the volumetric and isentropic efficiency were substituted as a fixed value into the models of compressor, (2) The suction temperature is concentrated in the medium-high region, (3) The compression ratio is concentrated
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Effects of wind speed on performance of a novel forced-air ice slurry wet precooling system Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-18 Yichen Huang, Weidong Wu, Min Li, Xiang Li, Hua Zhang
Aiming at the problems of low humidity and high dry consumption in the present forced-air precooling room, the combination of the ice slurry wet cooling system with the forced-air precooling was proposed, and a novel forced-air ice slurry wet precooling test platform was designed and built. The purpose of this paper is to experimentally study the effects of wind speeds on the performance of ice slurry
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Development and thermal characteristics of phase change nanoemulsions for low-temperature thermal energy storage Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Songping Mo, Junhao Chen, Yuxin Yu, Yufen Chen, Lisi Jia, Ying Chen
Using ethylene glycol solution as the base fluid has demonstrated its effectiveness in reducing the freezing point of the continuous phase in phase change emulsions. This, in turn, enhances the stability of the emulsion at low temperatures, which has significant implications for applications requiring emulsions in such conditions. However, there is a notable absence of comprehensive studies on this
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Data and knowledge fusion-driven Bayesian networks for interpretable fault diagnosis of HVAC systems Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Daibiao Wu, Haidong Yang, Kangkang Xu, Xianbing Meng, Sihua Yin, Chengjiu Zhu, Xi Jin
Timely diagnosis and maintenance of faults in chiller units is beneficial for reducing energy consumption in buildings. In order to improve the diagnostic accuracy and provide reasonable explanations for fault occurrences of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in buildings, a fusion-driven Bayesian network fault diagnosis method is proposed based on broad learning system and
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Refrigerant leak detection in industrial vapor compression refrigeration systems using machine learning Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Amal Mtibaa, Valentina Sessa, Gilles Guerassimoff, Stéphane Alajarin
Efficient detection of refrigerant leakage is of utmost importance for industrial refrigeration systems due to its potential to cause substantial impacts on system performance and the environment. Existing research on fault detection and diagnosis in refrigeration systems primarily revolves around solutions based on experimental or laboratory data. However, in the industrial use case, achieving accurate
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Flow boiling heat transfer characteristics and correlation development of R290/R600a mixtures in an internally threaded tube Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Cong Zhao, Yuwei Sun, Hao Guo, Yanxing Zhao, Maoqiong Gong, Zhiqiang Yang
Excessive hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) usage significantly contributes to the global warming. Therefore, there is a widespread shift toward natural refrigerants with low global warming potential (GWP). Among these alternative refrigerants, R290, R600a, and their mixtures have gained considerable attention. However, their flammability limits the charge. To decrease the equipment volume and reduce the refrigerant
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Numerical study on the self-pressurization capacity of radial gas wave refrigerator Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Qing Feng, Yawen Ji, Yang Yu, Jianli Wang, Dapeng Hu
Gas wave refrigeration technology is an innovative refrigeration technique that harnesses pressure waves to facilitate energy exchange. In this paper, the wave rotor undergoes a transformation from its original axial structure to a radial structure. The self-pressurization capability of radial structure is proven to facilitate autonomous gas circulation, obviating the necessity for a drive fan, according
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Comparative study on energy-saving performance of single- and two-stage evaporative-cooling condenser systems Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Yang Yang, Jun Zeng, Boyu Yang, Linmao Yin, Tianyou He
The mechanical vapor compression system (MVC) coupled with the evaporative-cooling condenser is an effective method to improve its high temperature adaptability. However, this hybrid systems typically use an evaporative cooler as a single-stage pre-cooling unit of condenser and is mainly designed for hot–dry climates. In this paper, based on conventional evaporative-cooling condenser configuration
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Experimental and numerical investigation on heat transfer performance of a single-tube six-fin tube evaporator Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Zhili Sun, Kexin Meng, Hongyu Liu, Chunwei Xu, Qiang Zhou, Qianqian Wang, Lei Yan, Haowei Peng
Tube evaporators are widely used in cold storage, the single-tube two-fin tube evaporator (2-FTE) has the problems of poor heat transfer performance and low tube utilization. In this paper, a numerical simulation method is used to optimize the structure of 2-FTE, and a single-tube six-fin tube evaporator (6-FTE) structure is designed to achieve an increase in the cooling capacity per unit mass of the
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Effects of geometric structures on the sub-Kelvin porous media heat exchanger Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Xue-shuo Shang, Han Gong, Xiao-xin Zeng, Bing-cheng Wang, Huai-qing Cao, Wei Shao, Zheng Cui
A dilution refrigerator is an essential apparatus for achieving sub-Kelvin temperatures. Porous-media heat exchangers used inside dilution refrigerators at temperatures below 100 mK are crucial components that determine their optimal performance. In this study, a numerical model of a porous-media heat exchanger is developed. The local thermal non-equilibrium heat transfer model captures the Kapitza
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Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of a modified cascade refrigeration system using two-phase ejectors and low GWP fluids Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Augusto Veiga de Souza, Paulo Eduardo Lopes Barbieri, Débora Carla Silva Mól, Raphael Nunes de Oliveira, Ralney Nogueira de Faria
This study optimizes a two-phase ejector cascade refrigeration system using a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for low-temperature applications. The constant area analysis method identifies ejector design parameters employing refrigerants with low global warming potential (GWP), such as , , , and . The results indicate greater exergy destruction with the – pair, while the – pair presented
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Experimental study on the influence of trifluoroiodomethane on the flammability of 1,1-difluoroethane, isobutane and propylene Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Quan Zhong, Yujie Huang, Huajie Li, Huan Zhao
Trifluoroiodomethane (R13I1) is a flame retardant with an extremely low global warming potential (GWP) and can be used as a component to improve the flammable characteristics of most promising low-GWP refrigerants. In this paper, the flammability limits of R13I1 + 1,1-Difluoroethane (R152a), R13I1 + isobutane (R600a) and R13I1 + propylene (R1270) binary mixtures were measured at 60 °C and atmospheric
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Data centers cooling: A critical review of techniques, challenges, and energy saving solutions Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Ahmed A. Alkrush, Mohamed S. Salem, O. Abdelrehim, A.A. Hegazi
In order to increase data centers’ efficiency and performance, a proper cooling system should be applied. This article provides a comprehensive assessment which explores current cooling optimization technologies for data centers. Standard traditional technologies like air conditioning, free cooling, and liquid cooling are investigated. Their limitations as well as proposed improvements are thoroughly
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Thermal, economic and food preservation performances of a refrigerated warehouse equipped with on-shelf phase change material Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Long Song, Weimin Guo, Zhaoyu He, Peng Zhang
Low-temperature storage is an important way to maintain the quality of foodstuffs. Meanwhile, the massive power consumption and high operating costs of maintaining low temperatures are the main constraints for applying low-temperature storage applications. Utilizing phase change material (PCM) for low-temperature storage, which can postpone the electricity requirement, is a workable alternative. In
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Experimental study on the flow resistance of inner tube and characteristics of drifting water in a tubular indirect evaporative cooler Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Tiezhu Sun, Tingzheng Tang, Jie Ma, Yongcheng Yan, Tianxin Fu, Huaipu Zhang, Jiacheng Li, Wenkang Li, Haowen Shen, Chao Huan
Insufficient research has been conducted on the pressure losses resulting from secondary air flow through tubular channels in indirect evaporative coolers, as well as the phenomenon of water drift. This study aims to methodically examine the impact of distinct heat exchanger tube structures (such as tube shape, tube material, and tube diameter) and various operating conditions (such as tube length
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Research on modified expanded graphite/eutectic salt composite phase change material in cold chain transportation Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Xinlong Chen, Yutang Fang, Zhengguo Zhang, Xuenong Gao, Junyi Niu
Attention to the use of phase change materials (PCMs) in cold chain transportation has increased in recent years. In this work, a form-stable composite phase change material (CPCM) prepared by a novel eutectic salt (NaSO·10HO-MgSO·7HOHO) PCM composite with modified expanded graphite (MEG) was investigated. The hydrophilicity of expanded graphite (EG) and its compatibility with the eutectic salts were
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An experimental investigation of R245fa flow boiling heat transfer performance in horizontal and vertical tubes Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Shuang Cao, Guanghui Wang, Xuehong Wu, Wolong Yang, Chunxia Hu
An experimental investigation of R245fa flow boiling in the horizontal flow ( = 0°), vertical upward flow ( = 90°), and vertical downward flow ( = –90°) was carried out using a bare stainless-steel tube (BT) with an inner diameter of 10.02 mm and an effective heating length of 820 mm. The experimental condition was performed under a saturation pressure of 0.6 MPa, a heat flux varying from 4.99–74.60
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Performance evaluation of solar-activated integrated double-stage water desalination and air conditioning plant Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Akash Saxena, Srinivas Tangellapalli
The condenser's rejected heat in a vapour compression refrigeration system when thrown into the surrounding air results in its thermal pollution and gets wasted, while it has the potential to be recovered. Another major targeted concern is freshwater scarcity which is faced by the population in many areas. Addressing these difficulties, a double-stage integrated humidification-dehumidification and
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Experimental study of air cargo temperature variations and its impact on mango quality Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 N. Chaomuang, O. Laguerre, A. Denis, Y. Paviet Salomon, P. Mawilai, K. Srisawat, E. Derens-Bertheau, F.T. Ndoye, T. Pongsuttiyakorn, S. Rakmae, U.K. Pun, P. Sirisomboon, P. Pornchaloempong, S. Duret
An air cargo supply chain for fresh mango was investigated from Thailand to France. Measurements of air temperature, air relative humidity, and fruit (peel) temperature were conducted using thermo-hygrometer data loggers in cartons. In a Unit Load Device (ULD) containing 148 cartons, twenty-seven instrumented cartons were placed at different positions to observe spatial and temporal temperature variations
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Maximizing efficiency in solar ammonia–water absorption refrigeration cycles: Exergy analysis, concentration impact, and advanced optimization with GBRT machine learning and FHO optimizer Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Raed Al-Rbaihat, Hussein Alahmer, Ahmed Al-Manea, Yousef Altork, Mohammad Alrbai, Ali Alahmer
A detailed analysis of energy and exergy is conducted on a single-effect solar ammonia–water (NH–HO) absorption refrigeration cycle (ARC) using TRNSYS and EES software. Considering the physical and chemical exergies, the exergy destruction rate () in each component of the system is calculated, highlighting its contribution to the overall . The study explores the effects of varying refrigerant mass
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Power loss analysis in a new oil-free rotary vane compressor: Experimental investigation and mathematical modeling Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-01-28 N.A. Raykovskiy, G.I. Chernov, V.S. Evdokimov, A.M. Kalashnikov, D. Kh. Sadvakasov
This paper presents the design of an oil-free rotor vane stage with a new tribological scheme. The new scheme differs from existing ones in that the sealing vane contain protrusions that rest on rolling unloading bearings located in the end covers of the cylinder. Experimental results on friction power losses in the new and traditional stages are provided, demonstrating that the implementation of the
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Effective image processing-based technique for frost detection and quantification in domestic refrigerators Int. J. Refrig. (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-01-26 Hammad ur Rahman, Hassan Akbar, Anjum Naeem Malik, Tahir Nawaz, Ismail Lazoglu
Frost accumulation is a common problem when moisture in the air condenses and freezes on surfaces like heat exchange tubes of refrigeration units. Frost accumulation negatively impacts heat exchange by disrupting the process, reducing system efficiency, and causing operational issues. Therefore, defrosting is mandatory to maintain the rated performance; however, modern automatic defrosting systems