-
Navigator Notes NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-15
Welcome to the Winter 2021 issue of NAVIGATION. In this issue, we feature articles on GNSS interference and monitoring, autonomous orbit determination and timekeeping using X-ray pulsars, and the improvement of GNSS clock corrections and phase biases. We are also featuring articles reporting new equipment technologies that highlight GNSS camera sensor fusion, improved high-precision GNSS with a passive
-
First results from three years of GNSS interference monitoring from low Earth orbit NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-06 Matthew J. Murrian, Lakshay Narula, Peter A. Iannucci, Scott Budzien, Brady W. O'Hanlon, Mark L. Psiaki, Todd E. Humphreys
Observation of terrestrial GNSS interference (jamming and spoofing) from low Earth orbit (LEO) is a uniquely effective technique for characterizing the scope, strength, and structure of interference and for estimating transmitter locations. Such details are useful for situational awareness, interference deterrence, and the development of interference-hardened GNSS receivers. This paper presents the
-
Autonomous orbit determination and timekeeping in lunar distant retrograde orbits by observing X-ray pulsars NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-15 Jiangkai Liu, Wenbin Wang, Hao Zhang, Leizheng Shu, Yang Gao
A server satellite that is parked in a stable distant retrograde orbit (DRO) in the vicinity of the Moon can provide navigation service for satellites in the Earth–Moon system. In this study, X-ray pulsar navigation (XPNAV) is investigated to determine the server's orbital position and velocity, and maintain its onboard timing autonomously to ensure the autonomy of the server. First, the feasibility
-
A particle-filtering framework for integrity risk of GNSS-camera sensor fusion NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-15 Adyasha Mohanty, Shubh Gupta, Grace Xingxin Gao
Adopting a joint approach toward state estimation and integrity monitoring results in unbiased integrity monitoring unlike traditional approaches. So far, a joint approach was used in particle RAIM (Gupta & Gao, 2019) for GNSS measurements only. In our work, we extend Particle RAIM to a GNSS-camera fused system for joint state estimation and integrity monitoring. To account for vision faults, we derived
-
Urban positioning: 3D mapping-aided GNSS using dual-frequency pseudorange measurements from smartphones NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-15 Hoi-Fung Ng, Guohao Zhang, Yiran Luo, Li-Ta Hsu
A smartphone with a highly sensitive antenna receiving numerous unhealthy measurements suffers from non-line-of-sight (NLOS) reception and multipath effects. 3D mapping-aided (3DMA) GNSS has been proven to be effective in urban environments. However, the multipath effect remains challenging for urban positioning. In nature, the new GNSS civilian L5-band signal with a shorter chip length shows a much
-
Study of structures of the sporadic E layer by using dense GNSS network observations NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-15 Susumu Saito, Keisuke Hosokawa, Jun Sakai, Ichiro Tomizawa
The sporadic E (Es) layer has been known to introduce long-range propagation of aeronautical very high frequency (VHF) navigation beyond the radio horizon and cause potential interference on the navigation system. This study utilizes a rate of total electron content (TEC) index (ROTI) map with dense Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations for effective Es layer detection. The daytime
-
PPP/PPP-RTK open formats: Overview, comparison, and proposal for an interoperable message NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-15 Rui Hirokawa, Ignacio Fernández-Hernández, Simon Reynolds
This paper presents and reviews the main existing open specifications for PPP/PPP-RTK services, including satellite navigation providers (QZSS, Galileo, BeiDou, GLONASS) and other industrial or scientific initiatives (RTCM, SAPCORDA, 3GPP, IGS). To structure the comparison, we adapted PPP/PPP-RTK services to the well-known OSI model and defined them according to their properties in the OSI communication
-
Advanced and versatile signal conditioning for GNSS receivers using the high-rate DFT-based data manipulator (HDDM) NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-02 Johannes Rossouw van der Merwe, Fabio Garzia, Alexander Rügamer, Wolfgang Felber
Proper signal conditioning is crucial for reliable Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) navigation. Signal conditioning includes correcting receiver front-end distortions, shaping noise, removing interferences, and altering the received signal. The high-rate DFT-based data manipulator (HDDM) is a versatile signal processing architecture based on the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). In this article
-
Improved high-precision GNSS navigation with a passive hydrogen maser NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-03 Thomas Krawinkel, Steffen Schön
Receiver clock modeling (RCM) based on code observations requires a chip-scale atomic clock to improve the PVT solution. When using carrier phase observations, a more stable oscillator like a passive hydrogen maser (PHM) is necessary. We applied a PHM in an automotive experiment of about 80 minutes in an urban environment recording 10 Hz multi-GNSS data. Modeling the clock process noise in a linearized
-
A multi-frequency method to improve the long-term estimation of GNSS clock corrections and phase biases NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-15 A. Rovira-Garcia, J. M. Juan, J. Sanz, G. González-Casado, J. Ventura-Traveset, L. Cacciapuoti, E. Schoenemann
The space segment of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is equipped with highly stable atomic clocks. In order to use these clocks as references, their time offsets must be estimated from ground measurements as accurately as possible. This work presents a multi-frequency and multi-constellation method for estimating satellite and receiver clock corrections, starting from unambiguous, uncombined
-
Positioning with medium frequency R-Mode NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-06 Lars Grundhöfer, Filippo Giacomo Rizzi, Stefan Gewies, Michael Hoppe, Jesper Bäckstedt, Marek Dziewicki, Giovanni Del Galdo
R-Mode is a terrestrial navigation system under development for the maritime domain that provides backup in case of a GNSS outage. This paper describes the first test results for real-time positioning on board a ship using medium frequency R-Mode signals. The estimation and positioning algorithms used are described in detail and it is shown how they are integrated into the R-Mode receiver developed
-
High-Accuracy Static Baseline Estimation using NavIC L5 Observables NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 A. Althaf,H.B. Hablani
-
Multi-Epoch 3D-Mapping-Aided Positioning using Bayesian Filtering Techniques NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Qiming Zhong,Paul D. Groves
-
Integrity of Visual Navigation—Developments, Challenges, and Prospects NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Chen Zhu,Michael Meurer,,Christoph Günther
-
A Flexible GNSS Spoofer Localization System: Spoofing Discrimination and Localization Method NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Jian Wen,Hong Li,,Mingquan Lu
-
A Robust Detection and Optimization Approach for Delayed Measurements in UWB Particle-Filter-Based Indoor Positioning NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Ning Zhou,Lawrence Lau,Ruibin Bai,,Terry Moore
-
Positioning and Velocity Performance Levels for a Lunar Lander using a Dedicated Lunar Communication and Navigation System NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Antoine Grenier,Pietro Giordano,Lorenzo Bucci,Alexander Cropp,Paolo Zoccarato,Richard Swinden,,Javier Ventura-Traveset
-
Impact of GNSS-Band Radio Interference on Operational Avionics NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Okuary Osechas,Friederike Fohlmeister,Thomas Dautermann,,Michael Felux
-
Improved Automatic Detection of GPS Satellite Oscillator Anomaly using a Machine Learning Algorithm NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Yunxiang Liu,,Y. Jade Morton
-
Coherent Combining and Long Coherent Integration for BOC Signal Acquisition under Strong Interference NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Chun Yang,Andrey Soloviev,Ananth Vadlamani,,Joung C. Ha
-
Results on GNSS Spoofing Mitigation Using Multiple Receivers NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Niklas Stenberg,Erik Axell,Jouni Rantakokko,,Gustaf Hendeby
-
Designing Low-Correlation GPS Spreading Codes with a Natural Evolution Strategy Machine-Learning Algorithm NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Tara Yasmin Mina,,Grace Xingxin Gao
-
On Enhanced PPP with Single Difference Between-Satellite Ionospheric Constraints NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Yan Xiang,Xin Chen,Ling Pei,Yiran Luo,Yang Gao,,Wenxian Yu
-
High-Precision Vision Localization System for Autonomous Guided Vehicles in Dusty Industrial Environments NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Xingjie Liu,Guolei Wang,,Ken Chen
-
Detecting Slowly Accumulating Faults Using a Bank of Cumulative Innovations Monitors in Kalman Filters NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 John D. Quartararo,,Steven E. Langel
-
Robust GPS-Vision Localization via Integrity-Driven Landmark Attention NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Sriramya Bhamidipati,,Grace Gao
-
Multi-Objective Design of a Lunar GNSS NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Filipe Pereira,Patrick M. Reed,,Daniel Selva
-
WAAS and the Ionosphere – A Historical Perspective: Monitoring Storms NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Lawrence Sparks,Eric Altshuler,Nitin Pandya,Juan Blanch,,Todd Walter
-
A Station-Specific Ionospheric Modeling Method for the Estimation and Analysis of BeiDou-3 Differential Code Bias Parameters NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Ningbo Wang,Zishen Li,Andrzej Krankowski,,Xingliang Huo
-
Concept, signal design, and measurement studies of the R-mode Baltic system NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-09-10 Krzysztof Bronk, Patryk Koncicki, Adam Lipka, Rafał Niski, Błażej Wereszko
This article presents the work conducted in the R-Mode Baltic project, which aims to launch the R-Mode demonstrator in the Baltic Sea area. The article describes the concept of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) infrastructure and VHF Data Exchange System (VDES) signal utilization with respect to their potential role in the future R-Mode System. It also contains the analysis of the distance
-
Adapting the Boerdijk–Coxeter helix as node configuration for GPS-denied localization in three dimensions NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-09-10 Alvin Goh Cheng Ann, Shaohui Foong, Alvee Ahmed, Gim Song Soh
We propose the Boerdijk–Coxeter Helix (BC Helix) model geometry as a potential node configuration for human users who are localizing within an unstructured environment. When the localization nodes are placed in Boerdijk–Coxeter Helix geometry, the nodes form a regular pattern such that the user can plant new nodes in his or her direction of travel without compromising coverage area or orientation.
-
Closed-form analysis of undetected range errors due to ionospheric impacts for GBAS category I operations NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-27 Dongwoo Kim, Moonseok Yoon, Sam Pullen, Jiyun Lee
Ionospheric anomalies may cause large differential range errors in Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) users. To mitigate those integrity threats, worst-case ionosphere-induced position errors for potentially usable satellite geometries must be bounded by the GBAS ground facility. This mitigation method requires us to compute the worst-case range error for each satellite affected by a hypothetical
-
A novel approach for aiding unscented Kalman filter for bridging GNSS outages in integrated navigation systems NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-07-12 Nader Al Bitar, Alexander Gavrilov
Aiming to improve the position and velocity precision of the INS/GNSS system during GNSS outages, a novel system that combines unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and nonlinear autoregressive neural networks with external inputs (NARX) is proposed. The NARX-based module is utilized to predict the measurement updates of UKF during GNSS outages. A new offline approach for selecting the optimal inputs of NARX
-
Sensitivity of advanced RAIM performance to mischaracterizations in integrity support message values NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-03 Young Lee, Brian Bian, Ali Odeh, Jianming She
With the increasing number of navigation satellite constellations from multiple service providers, an emerging concept for receiver avionics is being developed which will significantly improve the current, widely available operations based on the classical Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM). This emerging concept, called Advanced RAIM (ARAIM), is envisioned to eventually provide a worldwide
-
Relative navigation technique with constrained GNSS data for formation-flying CubeSat mission, CANYVAL-C NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-07-27 Eunji Lee, Jihae Son, Sang-Young Park
This study introduces and verifies a relative navigation technique for two CubeSats in formation flying as part of the CANYVAL-C mission. Because the mission requires precision and robustness subject to restricted computational complexity, the technique employs an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and raw GNSS data to achieve relative navigation. The relative navigation technique is composed of two parts:
-
Air data fault detection and isolation for small UAS using integrity monitoring framework NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-09-06 Kerry Sun, Demoz Gebre-Egziabher
A Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) algorithm is developed to protect against Water-Blockage (WB) pitot tube failure in the safety-critical Air Data System (ADS) used on small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). The algorithm utilizes two identical Synthetic Air Data Systems (SADS) as the basis for state estimation. Each SADS works independently with a pitot tube while sharing an IMU and GNSS receiver
-
One-way deep indoor positioning system for conventional GNSS receiver using paired transmitters NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-07-14 Minhuck Park, Jin-Hee Han, O-Jong Kim, Jungbeom Kim, Changdon Kee
Generally, GNSS-based indoor navigation systems use repeaters or pseudolites. However, these methods are vulnerable to multipath errors and require additional information, including the repeater or pseudolite position. In this study, we propose a novel one-way indoor positioning system using GNSS signal transmitters. Our system uses paired transmitters, each of which broadcasts the same set of satellite
-
Navigation using carrier Doppler shift from a LEO constellation: TRANSIT on steroids NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-03 Mark L. Psiaki
A new global navigation concept is studied that relies on carrier Doppler shift measurements from a large LEO constellation. This system could provide an alternative to pseudorange-based GNSS. The concept uses a high-fidelity model of received carrier Doppler shift. This model is used in a point-solution batch filter that simultaneously estimates eight unknowns: the three position vector components
-
Data-driven protection levels for camera and 3D map-based safe urban localization NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-09-10 Shubh Gupta, Grace Gao
Reliably assessing the error in an estimated vehicle position is integral for ensuring the vehicle's safety in urban environments. Many existing approaches use GNSS measurements to characterize protection levels (PLs) as probabilistic upper bounds on position error. However, GNSS signals might be reflected or blocked in urban environments, and thus additional sensor modalities need to be considered
-
GNSS spoofing detection through spatial processing NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-05-05 Fabian Rothmaier, Yu-Hsuan Chen, Sherman Lo, Todd Walter
In this paper, we present an algorithmic framework for signal-geometry-based approaches of GNSS spoofing detection. We formulate a simple vs. simple hypothesis test independent of nuisance parameters that results in significantly reduced missed detection probability compared to prior approaches. It is highly tractable such that it can be computed online by the receiver. We employ a hypothesis iteration
-
Overbounding the effect of uncertain Gauss-Markov noise in Kalman filtering NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-05-11 Steven Langel, Omar García Crespillo, Mathieu Joerger
Prior work established a model for uncertain Gauss-Markov (GM) noise that is guaranteed to produce a Kalman filter (KF) covariance matrix that overbounds the estimate error distribution. The derivation was conducted for the continuous-time KF when the GM time constants are only known to reside within specified intervals. This paper first provides a more accessible derivation of the continuous-time
-
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) transmissions for Alternative Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (APNT): Concept & practice NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-05-27 Sherman Lo, Yu-Hsuan Chen
The vulnerability of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services derived from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) makes having a resilient and accurate Alternative PNT (APNT) based on high-power terrestrial radio sources necessary. The L-band is very crowded spectral real estate with GNSS, Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) and Air Traffic Control Beacon System (ATCRBS) signals occupying
-
Factor graph optimization for GNSS/INS integration: A comparison with the extended Kalman filter NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-05-22 Weisong Wen, Tim Pfeifer, Xiwei Bai, Li-Ta Hsu
Factor graph optimization (FGO) recently has attracted attention as an alternative to the extended Kalman filter (EKF) for GNSS-INS integration. This study evaluates both loosely and tightly coupled integrations of GNSS code pseudorange and INS measurements for real-time positioning, using both conventional EKF and FGO with a dataset collected in an urban canyon in Hong Kong. The FGO strength is analyzed
-
Case study of Bayesian RAIM algorithm integrated with Spatial Feature Constraint and Fault Detection and Exclusion algorithms for multi-sensor positioning NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-06-10 Jelena Gabela, Allison Kealy, Mark Hedley, Bill Moran
This study proposes three novel integrity monitoring algorithms based on Bayesian Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (BRAIM). Two problems of integrity monitoring for land-based applications for GNSS challenging environments are explored: requirements for sufficient measurement redundancy and the presence of large biases. The need for measurement redundancy was mitigated by using BRAIM. This
-
Ionospheric spatial decorrelation assessment for GBAS daytime operations in Brazil NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-05-06 Hyeyeon Chang, Moonseok Yoon, Sam Pullen, Leonardo Marini-Pereira, Jiyun Lee
Extensive ionospheric studies were conducted to support the initial phase of system design approval for the existing SLS-4000 GBAS installed at Antonio Carlos Jobim International Airport (formerly Galeão International Airport) (GIG) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This paper focuses on determining the broadcast value of the standard deviation of vertical ionospheric gradients (or ) that is required to bound
-
Development of BeiDou Satellite-Based Augmentation System NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-05-22 Liu Cheng, Gao Weiguang, Shao Bo, Lu Jun, Wang Wei, Chen Ying, Su Chengeng, Xiong Shuai, Ding Qun
China is developing its BeiDou Satellite-Based Augmentation System (BDSBAS) in accordance with international standards, and it has provided initial Single Frequency (SF) and Dual-Frequency Multi-Constellation (DFMC) services since July 2020. This paper gives a comprehensive introduction to BDSBAS from the aspects of its general design, system time datum, coordinate reference system and signal characteristics
-
Precise real-time navigation of LEO satellites using GNSS broadcast ephemerides NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-04-03 André Hauschild, Oliver Montenbruck
The availability of orbit information with high precision and low latency is a key requirement for many Earth-observation missions, predominantly in the field of radio occultation. Traditionally, precise orbit determination solutions of low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are obtained offline on ground after downloading GNSS measurements and auxiliary spacecraft data to the processing center. The latency
-
Enabling ambiguity resolution in CSRS-PPP NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-05-21 Simon Banville, Elyes Hassen, Philippe Lamothe, Justin Farinaccio, Brian Donahue, Yves Mireault, Mohammad Ali Goudarzi, Paul Collins, Reza Ghoddousi-Fard, Omid Kamali
Precise point positioning (PPP) uses precise satellite orbits, clock corrections and biases derived from a global network of reference stations to enable accurate positioning worldwide. Natural Resources Canada's Canadian Spatial Reference System (CSRS) PPP is a free Web service offering automated PPP processing. A critical factor limiting the adoption of PPP in many applications is the convergence
-
Novel prior position determination approaches in particle filter for ultra wideband (UWB)-based indoor positioning NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-03-31 Ning Zhou, Lawrence Lau, Ruibin Bai, Terry Moore
Filtering-based indoor positioning using ultra wideband (UWB) requires known velocity to predict prior position in the prediction stage. Velocity can be obtained from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor or the posterior state vector at the previous time stamp. Both methods have limitations when using them in practice. This paper proposes two novel velocity determination approaches, which use
-
Performance assessment of GNSS diffraction models in urban areas NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-03-27 Guohao Zhang, Li-Ta Hsu
The GNSS performance is significantly degraded in urban canyons because of the signal interferences caused by buildings. Besides the multipath and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) receptions, the diffraction effect frequently occurs in urban canyons, which will severely attenuate the signal strength when the satellite line-of-sight (LOS) transmitting path is close to the building edge. It is essential to evaluate
-
Navigation and ionosphere characterization using high-frequency signals: Models and solution concepts NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-03-17 Yoav Baumgarten, Mark L. Psiaki, David L. Hysell
A navigation concept is being developed that relies on passive one-way ranging using pseudorange and beat carrier-phase measurements of high-frequency (HF) beacon signals that travel along non-line-of-sight paths via ionosphere refraction. This concept is being developed as an alternative to GNSS positioning services. If the set of signals that reaches a user receiver has sufficient geometric diversity
-
Navigator Notes NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 Richard B. Langley
Welcome to the Spring 2021 issue of NAVIGATION. We present the latest research articles (papers) that have successfully completed the thorough review process managed by our associate editors and their expert reviewers. The topics span the broad range of PNT research from GNSS interference mitigation to better positioning of low Earth orbit satellites. And we feature an article on ION's GNSS software‐defined
-
ION GNSS software‐defined radio metadata standard NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Sanjeev Gunawardena, Thomas Pany, James Curran
The past several years have seen a proliferation of software‐defined radio (SDR) data collection systems and processing platforms designed for or applicable to satellite navigation (satnav) applications. These systems necessarily produce datasets in a wide range of different formats. To correctly interpret this SDR data, essential information such as the packed sample format and sampling rate is needed
-
Using dual‐polarization GPS antenna with optimized adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system to improve single point positioning accuracy in urban canyons NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Rui Sun, Linxia Fu, Guanyu Wang, Qi Cheng, Li‐Ta Hsu, Washington Yotto Ochieng
This paper builds on the machine learning research to propose two new algorithms based on optimizing the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) with a dual‐polarization antenna to predict pseudorange errors by considering multiple variables including the right‐hand circular polarized (RHCP) signal strength, signal strength difference between the left‐hand circular polarized (LHCP) and RHCP outputs
-
Multi‐slices navigation approach for unknown 3D environments using micro aerial vehicles NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 H. A. Mohamed, A. M. Moussa, N. El‐Sheimy, M. M. Elhabiby
Due to the small size of Micro Aerial Vehicles, they are well suited for various indoor applications, especially search/rescue operations. Most of these operations are performed in unknown 3D environments. Real‐time map construction and vehicle's localization are essential tasks. Various approaches provide solutions for 3D‐map representation. However, these approaches require expensive embedded systems
-
GNSS degradation model in presence of continuous wave and pulsed interference NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Axel Garcia‐Pena, Olivier Julien, Cristophe Macabiau, Mikael Mabilleau, Pierre Durel
In the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) L5/E5a interference environment, RTCA DO‐292 proposes a model to compute the degradation due to the presence of interference signals, such as Distance Measuring Equipment/TACtical Air Navigation (DME/TACAN), Joint Tactical Information Distribution System/Multifunctional Information Distribution System (JTIDS/MIDS), etc., and due to the application of
-
Terrain‐referenced navigation using a steerable‐laser measurement sensor NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Jason D. Carroll, Aaron J. Canciani
The benefits of GNSS have created dependencies on navigation in modern day aviation systems. Many of these systems operate with no backup navigation source. This makes the capabilities supported by precise navigation vulnerable. This paper investigates a contemporary approach to terrain‐referenced navigation (TRN), used to preserve an aircraft's navigation solution during periods of GNSS denial. Traditionally
-
Network‐based ionospheric gradient monitoring to support GBAS NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-02-11 Maria Caamano, José Miguel Juan, Michael Felux, Daniel Gerbeth, Guillermo González‐Casado, Jaume Sanz
Large ionospheric gradients acting between a Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) reference station and an aircraft on approach could lead to hazardous position errors if undetected. Current GBAS stations provide solutions against this threat that rely on the use of “worst‐case” conservative threat models, which could limit the availability of the system.
-
Characterizing BDS signal‐in‐space performance from integrity perspective NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-01-25 Shizhuang Wang, Yawei Zhai, Xingqun Zhan
The full deployment of China's BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) was finalized in June 2020. To support safety‐critical applications, the system must provide assured signal‐in‐space (SIS) performance. As one of the key steps forward for BDS, this paper characterizes the SIS range errors (SISREs) for both the regional (BDS‐2) and the global (BDS‐3) systems from the integrity perspective. Following
-
A low complexity smoothing algorithm for improved GPS point solutions on board LEO spacecraft NAVIGATION (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 Damon Van Buren, Penina Axelrad, Scott Palo
This paper describes a novel approach for reducing the kinematic position and time errors on a GPS receiver in low Earth orbit. For dual‐frequency GPS receivers, point solution errors are dominated by signal‐in‐space ranging errors, which introduce sharp discontinuities in the position and time estimates when GPS visibility changes. These discontinuities may be calculated and removed, greatly reducing