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Fighting for the soul of coal: Colliery closures and the moral economy of nationalization in Britain, 1947–1994 Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Andrew Perchard, Keith Gildart, Ben Curtis, Grace Millar
In this article, we explore the impact of colliery closure programs across the nationalized British coal industry. We chart the regional disparities in these and the mobilization of community opposition to national protests, leading to the national miners’ strikes of 1972, 1974, and 1984–5. This article demonstrates how closures have changed the industrial politics of mining unions for miners, junior
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More than Just a Business: Recasting Literary Publishing in Postwar Germany, 1945–1949 Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Anne Stokes, Ray Stokes
Like other creative industries emerging in mid-1945 from 12 years of Nazi rule, including six years of war, German publishing was ideologically suspect, internationally isolated, and insular. By the 1950s, however, the book trade in the two German successor states was once again varied and vibrant. And it was also tightly integrated into the international publishing business, within which it had become
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“The Vital Link”: British Print Media Export to Australia, 1853–1980 Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Holly Elizabeth Dayton Swenson
This paper uses the case study of Gordon & Gotch, media import/exporters, to explore how the transnational sale of British media contributed to a common cultural identity within the British World. Gordon & Gotch, founded as a media import firm in Australia in 1853, opened a London branch in 1866 which became independently owned and operated in 1890. This paper argues that the London and Australasian
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Expatriate Merchants and Partnership Formation 1840–1920: Danish Merchants in Newcastle-upon-Tyne Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Daniel Riddell
Trust is often the premier concern highlighted in relation to the formation of mercantile business partnerships, the role of culture, family, and religion at the forefront. This is especially the case for expatriate communities. However, the Danish merchants of nineteenth century Newcastle-upon-Tyne, as especially demonstrated in the diaries of one of their number, Richard Steenberg, did not conform
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“Making the Peaks Higher”: Foundations of Stanford University’s Growth, 1910–1960 Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Stephen B. Adams
This article breaks new ground in its portrayal of the process through which a private research university obtained foundation funding. Stanford University’s growth spurts after World War I and World War II were significantly enabled by financial support from the foundations of Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Ford. The process leading to Stanford’s receiving major grants primarily involved interactions
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Knowledge Flows and Industrial Clusters: Assessing the Sources of Competitive Advantage in Two English Regions Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Chris Corker, Joe Lane, John F. Wilson
How knowledge is created, accessed, stored and disseminated has become a major focus of study when assessing the success or failure of industrial clusters. Marshall (1890; 225) initiated this debate when he noted: ‘The mysteries of the trade become no mysteries; but are as it were in the air’. In the edited collection by Wilson, Corker and Lane (2022), emphasis has been placed on the links between
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Introduction Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Andrew Popp
Welcome to Volume 25 of Enterprise and Society. In this first issue, we are delighted to present a new symposium on “A Brief History of the History of Capitalism, and a New American Variety,” built around a lead article of that name by Lindsay Schakenbach Regele. This challenging new essay is followed by three comments—“Concealing Martial Violence,” by Brittany Farr, “Capitalism Indivisible,” by Katie
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The Business of Abortion: Referral Services, Cross-Border Consumption, and Canadian Women’s Access to Abortion in New York State, 1970–1972 Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Sarah Elvins, Katherine Parkin
This article explores the growth of abortion-related businesses in New York State that emerged to encourage Canadian women to travel across the border to access care. Referral agencies and clinics advertised their services, publicized their fees, and competed with each other. Canadian women living near the border were used to crossing to access goods and services not available in their home market
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Corporate Responses to Racial Unrest Editors’ Introduction Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Michael J. Thate, Tyesha Maddox
The year 2020 set into motion a perfect storm that would lead to the global panic ignited by the murder of George Floyd in late May of that year. The COVID-19 virus impacted billions of people around the world. With many forced to shelter in place at home, some Americans for the first time (and an exhaustingly innumerable time for others) observed up close the inequality apparent in American policing
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Turning Students into Stock Market Investors: The Role of Civil Society and Public Schools in Swedish Financialization, c. 1985–2010 Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Charlotte Nilsson
This article brings agency to discussions on financialization and financial education in Sweden by zooming in on two barely examined actors and arenas: civil society and public schools, respectively. The civil society organization Aktiespararna (Swedish Shareholders’ Association, founded in 1966) attempted to access and impact school education starting with its launch of youth efforts in the 1980s
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The Creation of a Gendered Division of Labor in Mule Spinning: Evidence from Samuel Oldknow, 1788–1792 Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Alexander Tertzakian
The spinning mule was one of the most important innovations in the rise of the British cotton industry during the Industrial Revolution. First introduced in 1780, the mule’s diffusion overturned the traditional division of labor in spinning from women to men. This article produces new insights on this process by examining the business records of Samuel Oldknow, a pioneer of fine cotton manufacturing
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From Railways to Aircraft: Officine Meccaniche Reggiane’s Successful Product Transition in the 1930s Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Francesca Fauri
In 1936 Gianni Caproni, one of the biggest aircraft producers in Italy, bought one of the biggest engineering companies in Emilia Romagna, the Officine Meccaniche Reggiane, and started manufacturing and exporting some of the topmost fighters ever produced in Italy. Based on different archival sources this paper would like to shed light on why, despite a national technological obsolescence in the field
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A World by Themselves: Protectionism and the Political Economy of Trade in the Ohio Valley, 1816–1828 Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2024-01-10 Keith Harris
This paper explores American tariff politics and the embrace of protectionism within the Ohio Valley in the two decades following the War of 1812. During these years, residents of the western states navigated the emergence of steam transportation, a growing number of state-chartered banks, and intense population growth. This fueled an economic boom that went bust during the Panic of 1819. Western farmers
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Down a Slippery Slope: Lack of Trust, Coercive Threats and Business Tax Resistance in Greece, 1955–1988 Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Stefano Battilossi, Zoi Pittaki
Over the second half of the 20th century, Greek governments failed to tax business income in line with the country’s level of economic development. This paper uses the “slippery slope” model of tax compliance to explain why the reform of income and corporate taxation in the late 1950s met strong resistance in the business sector. We argue that the negative legacy of interwar reforms, the lack of sustained
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Lessons from Environmental and Economic Crises Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Ian Kumekawa
Historians have long explored the links between the environmental and the economic. Yet as the global climate crisis deepens with every passing month, it becomes ever more obvious just how related the environmental and the economic are. Driven by the by-products of economic growth, rising sea levels, floods, droughts, and extreme heat devastate ecosystems and claim increasing numbers of lives. They
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Developing The World By Teaching Domestic Consumption: Swiss Supermarkets And The Emergence Of Development Aid Policies In The Early Postwar Period Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Heinrich Hartmann
In the early post-Second World War period, Migros of Switzerland was the first European retail business to adopt the American supermarket model. Its success, however, has not only been a matter of technological and logistical innovation. Migros’ founder, Gottlieb Duttweiler, was convinced that consumer education was part and parcel of a new style of selling consumption. This conviction was at the basis
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Introduction Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 Andrew Popp
Welcome to Volume 24, No. 4 of Enterprise and Society. There is a slight deviation from tradition for this issue this year. As is well-known, the final issue of the year typically carries both the Presidential Address, delivered at the annual meeting in the spring, as well as summaries by all Krooss Prize finalists. Those of you able to attend the annual meeting in Detroit in March 2023 will have been
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Vertical Integration Among Oil-producing Countries Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-11-23 Eivind Thomassen
This paper explores the vertical integration of oil-producing countries. Attempts at vertical integration were prominent among oil-producing countries throughout most of the twentieth century, but particularly following the surge of resource nationalism in the 1970s. Vertical integration attempts have largely been regarded as a sideshow in the history of global oil. This article argues that vertical
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The AFL-CIO, the U.S. Balance of Payments, and the End of the Post–World War II Liberal Order, 1965–1973 Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 Melanie Sheehan
This article analyzes the AFL-CIO’s international economic policy activism in the late 1960s and early 1970s within the context of the collapse of Bretton Woods monetary system. It shows that AFL-CIO economists developed a far-reaching critique of multinational corporations that encompassed not only concerns about import competition and capital flight but also charges that multinational firms contributed
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How to Define (or Not to Define) the New History of Capitalism Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-11-16 Sharon Ann Murphy
Lindsay Schakenbach Regele’s essay “A Brief History of the History of Capitalism, and a New American Variety” attempts to provide more structure to the field known as the new history of capitalism (NHOC) by defining martial capitalism as a new variant. In contrast, this essay asserts that the lack of definitional precision within the NHOC is not a bug, but rather one of its key features. To define
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The Emergence of Regional Industrial Policy in Britain: The Case of Wales, 1939 to 1947 Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Leon Gooberman
From the 1940s to the 1970s, British governments steered manufacturing businesses to peripheral regions designated as needing more employment. This approach was delivered through a Regional Policy that deployed industrial location controls and financial incentives. Effectiveness varied over time but was dramatic in the mid-1940s, when it boosted the regional stock of secondary manufacturing to the
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From South America to the United States: Guayakí and the Transformation of Yerba Mate Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Julia Sarreal
In the early 2000s, California-based Guayakí popularized the caffeinated drink, yerba mate, among young people and creative types. With revenues of $100 million, Guayakí dominates the U.S. market where it is synonymous with yerba mate. This essay explores how Guayakí transformed a foreign product with deep local meaning, widespread popularity, and a long history in southern South America from a shared
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A Response to the Comments on Martial Capitalism Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Lindsay Schakenbach Regele
I very much appreciate that Brittany Farr, Katie Moore, and Sharon Murphy took the time to write thoughtful and constructive responses to my essay. Collectively, their work spans three centuries and covers law, money, race, violence, financial institutions, and the social experiences of economic processes, and they approached my proposal for a new variety of capitalism from a set of shared interest
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With Statoil as a Prism: Revisiting Key Features and Concerns in Western Oil Companies’ Evolving Human Rights Awareness, From the Mid-1990s to the 2000s Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Ada Nissen
This article uses Statoil (Equinor since 2018) as a prism to explore some key features and concerns of Western oil companies’ evolving human rights awareness from the mid-1990s to the early 2000s. This period saw the first human rights lawsuits brought against oil companies and a gradual change in their human rights awareness. The article uses insights from the business history literature and new archival
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Capitalism Indivisible Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Katie A. Moore
My comment highlights the key contributions and promising directions for future research of Lindsay Schakenbach Regale’s essay in this volume. While in agreement with Schakenbach Regele’s call for more specificity for different times and places, I argue that we also ought to be able to answer the question of what makes a variety of capitalism, well, capitalist. To do that, we need to delimit the theoretical
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Sick Time: Medicine, Management, and Slavery in Louisiana and Cuba, 1763–1868 Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Liana DeMarco
Capitalist ideas of productivity became central to medicine under slavery. They shaped how physicians treated enslaved patients, crafted a scientific basis for medicine, and conceived of themselves as professionals. Between the late-eighteenth-century and the mid-nineteenth-century, white male physicians in Louisiana and Cuba distinguished themselves from other healers: first, by aligning with Spanish
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Concealing Martial Violence Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Brittany Farr
In this essay, I turn to the example of the 1919 Elaine Massacre—the deadliest incident of anti-Black violence in U.S. history—in order to better understand how its economically motivated, state-sanctioned, and brutally indiscriminate violence were nearly erased from history. I find that white journalists, military officials, as well as the Governor of Arkansas himself, drew upon long-standing race-based
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A Brief History of the History of Capitalism, and a New American Variety Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-10-25 Lindsay Schakenbach Regele
Since the new history of capitalism (NHOC) trend received national publicity in 2013, American historians have enthusiastically pursued the complexities and varieties of capitalism, producing a body of scholarship that offers a plethora of capitalism-modifying adjectives yet leaves capitalism undefined. “A Brief History of the History of Capitalism, and a New American Variety” asks how historians developed
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Historicizing Real Estate: The East India Company in Early Colonial Bombay Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-10-20 Sukriti Issar
Property-as-real-estate emerged in Bombay at least by the turn of the nineteenth century. Real estate is historicized through previously unexplored archival sources (qualitative and quantitative) by analyzing how property was transacted in a colonial port, and how it became embedded in global circuits of commerce and the accumulation strategies of locals and the English East India Company. The paper
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Corporate Networks and Business Groups in Egypt, 1924–1948: Economic Necessity or Entrepreneurial Dynamism Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-10-09 Akram Beniamin, John F. Wilson, Neveen Abdelrehim
By providing fresh insights into the development of Egyptian corporate networks and business groups between the early 1920s and late 1940s, this article extends the geographical ambit of an expanding field of study. Data from contemporaneous sources were analyzed through social network analysis techniques, in the search for an improved understanding of both the nature of and motivations behind networking
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In the Patented Bag: Peanuts, Packaging, and Intellectual Property in the United States, 1906–1932 Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Tad Brown
This article explores the early history of two American peanut companies: Planters and Tom’s. Both food manufacturers developed major commercial brands through the ownership of intellectual property. In this case, the sourcing of different peanut types figured into the marketing of salted peanuts. Through a legal dispute involving Tom’s patented retail bag, I examine how food packaging changed the
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Unfulfilled Promises and Desires: The British South Africa Company (BSAC), Settler Politics and the Development of Southern Rhodesia’s Fiscal System, 1890–1922 Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Honest Elias Koke
This paper examines how the British South Africa Company (BSAC; the Company), the founding administrator of Southern Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, navigated the creation of a fiscal system of the colony from 1890 to 1922 and how the fiscal system shaped political decisions regarding the colony’s administrative structure. It casts light on the early efforts of the colonial state-making process under the BSAC
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Deconsecration: Symbolic Sanctions, “Courts of Honour,” and the Cleansing of Denmark’s Who’s Who After the German Occupation, 1940–1945 Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-09-08 Joachim Lund, Anders Sevelsted
How may elites experience a symbolic fall from grace? Elite scholarship has typically described how symbolic structures contribute to consecrate and reinforce existing power relations. Processes of deconsecration are, however, less well described. Deconsecration as a social process is distinct from déclassement, as well as from cultural or juridical processes of exclusion. It is the loss of the very
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“Domestic in Every Place, Foreign in None”: Corporate Futurism, Multinational Corporations, and the Politics of International Trade in the Early 1970s Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-09-08 Gavin Benke
This article documents how business lobbying groups, corporate leaders, and even some members of the Nixon administration drew on futurist discourse and rhetoric to defeat the Burke-Hartke bill, proposed legislation that would have imposed new taxes on multinational corporations. For several years, self-described futurologists had reconceptualized multinational corporations as ideal institutions for
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Trade Acceptances, Financial Reform, and the Culture of Commercial Credit in the United States, 1915–1920 Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-08-18 Jamieson G. Myles
This article examines the nationwide campaign by financial reformers in the 1910s to convince businesses across the United States to abandon established commercial credit practices and use trade acceptances—the quintessential “real bill”—in their stead. The creation of the Federal Reserve System (Fed) and the outbreak of World War I offered a powerful coalition of campaigners the opportunity to forcefully
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Capturing Regulation Under Imperial Rule: The Regulation of Palestine’s Banking Sector Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Adam Hefetz
During the 1930s, the British government in Palestine introduced new regulation for the country’s banking sector. This regulation brought about a sharp decline in the number of banks and consolidated the large banks’ position in the country. Contrary to prior accounts of the subject, which view the regulation as a welcome governmental response to an unstable banking sector, in this article I argue
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Explaining State Ownership in Listed Companies in Norway Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-08-07 Sverre A. Christensen
This article aims to explain the considerable state ownership in listed companies in Norway (SOiN) at present. The extant literature has pointed to alleged national idiosyncrasies to explain this special feature of Norwegian capitalism. The main contribution of this article is a comparative perspective. It shows that most European countries have pursued selective protectionism (i.e., to secure national
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Pro-Social Policies and Impression Management: The American Arabian Oil Company (Aramco), 1932–1974 Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Wedian Albalwi, Tom McGovern, Aly Salama
In emerging economies, economic development and pro-social policies are closely entwined. Multinational corporations have presented a positive image of their economic and social activities to investors and society to justify exploiting countries’ natural resources. This study examines the Arabian American Oil Company’s (Aramco) pro-social/corporate social responsibility programs in employment, housing
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Evolution of Mining Company Responses to Civil Society Mobilization in South Africa Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-07-28 Sethulego Matebesi, Chitja Twala
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the social license to operate (SLO) are widespread global phenomena in mining-dependent countries. These self-regulated frameworks are used to ensure local ownership and as a response to conflict by mining companies. Over the past two decades, CSR in the mining industry has only been more prevalent in Africa and South Africa. Studies on CSR and SLO primarily
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The Internationalization of the Newspaper Industry 1989–2002: Three Scandinavian Cases Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-07-28 Erik Lakomaa, Richard Wahlund
In the 1990s, three Scandinavian news media companies, Bonnier, Kinnevik, and Schibsted, internationalized their newspapers. Despite doing this during the same period, competing in the same industry and institutional environment, being exposed to the same opportunities by the opening of the Eastern European markets, and all belonging to a smaller language area, they differed in their internationalization
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“An Exercise in the Art of the Possible”: Waging a Battle Against Apartheid in the South African Workplace Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Mattie C. Webb
The Wiehahn Commission, a government body that proposed a multipronged 1979 South African labor reform, accelerated the corporate recognition of Black trade unions in apartheid era South Africa. Gradually implemented over the course of two years, the reforms complemented international workplace codes and the burgeoning reformist push for ethically sound business practices in the workplace. Although
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The Interconnected Nature of Family Indebtedness: The Halliday Family of Frome, Somerset (1733–1752) Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-06-06 Aidan Collins
This article analyzes a single bankruptcy case—Hancock v Halliday (1742–1752)—as it was litigated in the Court of Chancery across a ten-year period. By incorporating local sources, the work attempts to move away from assumptions surrounding the “implicit contract” of family, and to provide a more nuanced analysis of “family strategies” in action. I argue that business historians—looking at networks—and
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Completing the Picture of the Depression Housing Crisis Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-05-15 Richard Harris
The Depression housing crisis caused enormous distress, with social, economic and political implications. The roles and experiences of some major players are well established. Tenants were evicted. National statistics on foreclosures show that many property owners lost their homes. Lending institutions went under. Municipalities struggled when property tax receipts fell. The federal government stepped
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When Fligstein Meets Chandler: The Chandlerian Origins of Corporate Financialization: The Case of Peugeot’s Financial Restructuring in the 1960s Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-05-02 Quentin Belot Couloumies
Reconnecting Fligstein’s and Chandler’s models of long-term organizational change, this article challenges the idea that corporate financialization is alien to the Chandlerian enterprise. Based on the case of the French automotive firm Peugeot Société Anonyme (PSA), it shows that this historical transformation has been intrinsically linked to Chandlerian dynamics. The article first highlights the crucial
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A Microlevel Analysis of Danish Dairy Cooperatives: Opportunities for Large Data in Business History Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-04-11 Paul Sharp, Sofia Henriques, Eoin McLaughlin, Xanthi Tsoukli, Christian Vedel
This project was made possible through generous funding from Independent Research Fund Denmark (DFF – 6109- 00123). Moreover, the digitization required many research assistant hours. Two of the authors of this paper started as research assistants, but we would also like to thank Peter Baunsgaard, Peter Gerner Ejersbo, Nick Ford, Jakob Baltzer Henriksen, Maja Uhre Pedersen, Andreas Slot Ravnholt, and
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Have Faith in Business: Nestlé, Religious Shareholders, and the Politicization of the Church in the Long 1970s Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-03-02 Sabine Pitteloud
During the 1970s, religious activists were heavily involved in national and international campaigns against multinationals and urged firms to adapt their behavior to align with Christian ethics. This article analyzes the strategies of Nestlé in addressing religious activism at three levels: national, international, and organizational. The analysis examines Nestlé’s collaboration with other Swiss and
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Commerce and Credit: Female Credit Networks in Eighteenth-Century Kingston, Jamaica Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-02-27 Trevor Burnard, Sheryllynne Haggerty
Recent work on white women in Jamaica has shown that they were active participants in Jamaica’s slave economy. This article adds to this recent literature through an innovative use of social network analysis (SNA) to examine the credit networks in which women operated in the thriving eighteenth-century British Atlantic town of Kingston, Jamaica. In particular, it uses closeness and centrality measures
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Pedagogies of Development, Conceptions of Efficiency: Modern Managerialism in Industrial Ahmedabad, 1950s–1960s Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-02-27 Kena Wani
This paper aims to trace the historical trajectory of management as a professional discipline in the post-independence period in India during the 1950s and 1960s. It tracks the discipline’s formative interests in the management of industrial labor, the views of its major proponents, and the processes through which the discipline sought generalized relevance within the postcolonial regime. It also discusses
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Engineers & Corporate Management, ca 1870–1930: The Invisible Hand Redux Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-01-27 Israel G. Solares, Edward Beatty
Who managed large corporations during the first half century of their emergence? How did modernizing firms navigate periods of rapid technological change such as those that swept the U.S. economy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? What role did engineers play in the management of large corporations? This paper draws on an original database of tens of thousands of mining and metallurgical
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Canned Speech: Selling Democracy in the Phonographic Age Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-01-26 Susan V. Spellman, John P. Forren
The phonograph presented American presidential aspirants with an opportunity to surmount eighteenth-century campaigning standards and meet the challenges of an expanding democracy and electorate. Thomas Edison’s invention—with its corresponding records—arguably was the first mechanical media technology to find its way into political campaigning on a mass scale. By 1908, canned, recorded speeches were
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From “Pin Money” to Careers: Britain’s Late Move to Equal Pay, Its Consequences, and Broader Implications Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-01-23 Peter Scott
Despite its importance to gender inequality, household incomes, and labor markets, the reasons behind Britain being one of the last major Western nations to introduce equal pay have been relatively neglected. This article first examines the campaign for equal pay from the late Victorian era to its eventual introduction in 1970. Economists predicted that equal pay would produce substantial female unemployment
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Making Swadeshi Managers: The Antecedents of Professional Management Education in India, 1860s–1950s Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-01-16 Dinyar Phiroze Patel
The history of Indian management education is overwhelmingly focused on the period from the 1950s and 1960s onward. This article traces the hitherto underexplored history of how, from the 1860s until the 1950s, Indians thought about and implemented education and training for managers. In particular, it demonstrates how Indian nationalist politicians articulated the nation-building utility of managers
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Embracing Complexity and Diversity in Business History: A Latin American Perspective Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-01-05 Andrea Lluch
The boundaries of Business History, as a discipline, are constantly revisited. There have been contradictory views on the nature of our field for many decades, and they still exist today, reformulated by new generations and interest groups. As if these differences were not enough, there are also substantial disparities on when and how the subject has evolved worldwide. The discipline has expanded to
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Imperial Schemes: Empire and the Rise of the British Business-State, 1914–1939 Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-01-05 Ian Kumekawa
During and after World War I, British businessmen made major inroads in political, administrative, and policymaking circles. In so doing, they forged a nexus of power, the business-state, that aligned the interests of big business with the state’s imperial aspirations. Well before the widespread acceptance of the concept of the national economy, there was a common understanding in London that what
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The 1906 Atlanta Race Riot Aftermath: CSR in Action and Woke-washing Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-01-04 Keith Hollingsworth
After the murder of George Floyd, businesses across the United States stepped up with pledges and commitments to lessen systematic racism, reflecting a commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR). But are these actions really concerned with social uplift? Or a form of woke-washing? This was not the first time corporate America reacted to racial upheaval and violence. In this paper, the author
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“Witch-hunt in Washington”: Ronald Prain, Robert F. Kennedy, the McClellan Committee, and the Investigation of International Business in the Cold War Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2023-01-04 Simon Mollan
In February 1956, Ronald Prain–chairman of the Rhodesian Selection Trust group of mining companies, and a significant figure in postwar international business—was subpoenaed and appeared before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigation of the U.S. Senate Committee of Government Operations as it sought to determine whether British international business was exporting copper to the Soviet Union. Following
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Writing and Reading New Markets: Insurance in Quebec, 1931–1960 Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2022-12-19 Heather Nelson
The Wawanesa Mutual Insurance Company, successful in western Canada, struggled to replicate its business model in Quebec in the 1930s. The absence of financial responsibility law in Quebec, which made purchasing automobile insurance nearly compulsory for drivers, created a unique opportunity. Wawanesa could insure taxis and fleets in a market where uninsured drivers were the norm. To accommodate this
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“Land Wickedness”: Technological Change, Institutions, and the Making of an Environmental Disaster in the Mining District of Cartagena-La Unión (Spain), 1840–1992 Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2022-12-13 Miguel A. López-Morell, Manuel Rosique Campoy, Miguel A. Pérez de Perceval Verde
This study seeks to analyze the continuity and survival of the mining sector in one of the most long-lived mining districts in the world, and the socioeconomic externalities that arose over a period of 150 years. Its most characteristic element was the development of two diametrically opposed business models in the same space: one based on a system of very small-scale mines, which were highly labor-intensive
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The Peruvian Amazon Company: An Accounting Perspective Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2022-12-12 Stephen P. Walker
This article presents an analysis of the operations of the Peruvian Amazon Company through an accounting lens. It is suggested that a focus on asset categories augments our knowledge of the company’s exploitation of the land and Indigenous peoples of Amazonia. In particular, the study explores the PAC’s questionable ownership of estates in the Putumayo, what its approach to valuing those estates implied
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Underwriting Empire: Marine Insurance and Female Agency in the French Atlantic World Enterprise & Society (IF 0.844) Pub Date : 2022-10-06 Lewis Wade
This article offers the first extensive analysis of female agency in the marine insurance industry of early modern Europe. Drawing from a data set of more than four thousand insurance policies signed in the Royal Insurance Chamber in Paris between 1668 and 1672, the article studies the activities of Parisian women within the institution. These policies illustrate that women played a crucial role in