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Grit and Graduation: Exploring Persistence Among Urban University Students Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2024-04-13 Laura S. Woodward, Sarah D. Patrick, Lisa J. Rapport
This study examines predictors of college success in 968 students, focusing on the influence of grit, demographic, and academic factors, using logistic and Cox regression analyses. It finds that higher grit scores significantly predict increased graduation rates and decreased dropout rates, with gender, ACT scores, entry-level, and summer course enrollment as key factors. The research highlights the
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The College-Going Experiences of Mexican American Participants Who Graduated from a College Preparatory Program Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Miguel A. Trujillo, Yolanda (Yoli) Anyon
Despite educational levels improving in the Latinx community overall, Latinx adults continue to fall behind other racial and ethnic groups. The increases in educational attainment we have seen fall along gender lines, with Latinas graduating from college at a higher rate than Latinos. Despite these disparities, there is still a lack of knowledge about the intersectional education journey of Latinx
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On-Campus Leisure Experiences and Student Sense of Connectedness Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Patti A. Freeman, Gary D. Ellis, Brian J. Hill
Models of retention emphasize the importance of students developing a sense of connectedness to their university. We tested relations between students’ anticipated effects of on-campus leisure experiences on connectedness and experience type (performance, spectator/story, or sensory focus), provider service performance, prevalence of deep experience during participation, and experience value-after-use
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Self-Judgment and Depression Among Students of Color During the Transition to College: Gender Differences Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Evan E. Ozmat, Jessica L. Martin, M. Dolores Cimini
Research has demonstrated the link between experiences of mental health concerns, such as depression, and college attrition. The risk for mental health concerns is higher among lower-income first-year students of color. Higher levels of self-judgment have been shown to lead to poorer mental health. Female students tend to be higher in self-judgment, and lower-income students are at higher risk for
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An Examination of How Participation in Basic Instruction Program (BIP) Courses May Influence College Student Retention Rates Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Dylan Naeger, Chris Greenwell, Mary Hums
The purpose of this study was to determine how enrollment in a basic instruction program (BIP) course may affect undergraduate student retention rates. This study examined whether enrollment in BIP courses influenced student retention of all first-time, full-time, baccalaureate degree-seeking students enrolled at a public research university during the years of 2014 and 2015 ( N = 5,565). A significant
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Belonging, Enjoyment, Motivation, and Retention: University Students’ Sense of Belonging Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Megan L. Kelly, Johanna Nieuwoudt, Royce Willis, Megan F. Lee
University students with a higher sense of belonging have previously been found to experience higher levels of academic engagement, motivation, achievement, and self-confidence. This article compares findings from a survey on student sense of belonging and retention distributed to Australian students prior to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 ( n = 570) and during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021 ( n = 620)
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Parallel Enrollments: Associations Between College Student Satisfaction and Performance Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Alexander Karl Ferdinand Loder, Amani Colleen Brandweiner, Guilherme Maia de Oliveira Wood
Austria is a country without college tuition fees, also allowing students to enroll in an unlimited number of programs simultaneously. Based on minimum ECTS requirements to keep enrollments valid, student performance is central. This study explores associations between student satisfaction and performance in the setting of parallel enrollments. Two hundred and thirteen students filled in a questionnaire
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Pathways to Success, or Unfulfilled Dreams? An Examination of Pathway-Based Disparities in Graduation Rates Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Roger Pizarro Milian, Dylan Reynolds, Naleni Jacob, Firrisaa Abdulkarim, Gillian Parekh, Robert Brown, David Walters
Research on pathway-based disparities in postsecondary education (PSE) has mounted in recent decades, indicating that nonlinear pathways may hamper students’ academic success. In Ontario, Canada, research on this topic remains largely inconclusive given the historically low quality of available data sources, with researchers commonly relying on small and unrepresentative samples, short observation
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Am I There Yet? The Importance of Discussing Anticipated Graduation Term With Newly Enrolled Advisees: A Case Study Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Angela M. D. Bowlus, Mai Shoua Khang, Allen Bellas
This research investigates the impact of the topics discussed in an initial advising meeting on student retention and graduation. Understanding and connecting students’ motivations and goals to degree planning is a popular research topic, but limited information is available about how to implement this. This research considers six specific discussion topics for an initial advising contact. Data on
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Achievement Goals, Imposter Syndrome, and Psychological Distress Among Female STEM Students: A Structural Equation Model Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Yao Yang, Chunyu Xu, Tugce Karatas, Tybresha E. Glass, Yukiko Maeda
Psychological distress can influence a student's decision-making process regarding whether to persist in their academic journey. This study examined the influence of achievement goals and imposter syndrome on female STEM college students’ psychological distress. It involved 395 participants, with 37.72% identifying as minoritized and 44.05% as first-generation students, who completed an online survey
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Gleaning into the Aspirational-Pursuit Gap of GEAR UP Students Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Jafeth E. Sanchez, Anne N. Mutiga
The purpose of this study was to conduct a quantitative, exploratory analysis of key variables at transition grade levels (i.e., 7th, 9th, 12th) toward retention and completion in postsecondary education among Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs (GEAR UP) students. The exploration included variables that were retrieved from existing data on 65 students from one of the state's
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The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on College Student Stress and Well-being Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Jennifer W. Underwood, Abigail H. Conley, J. Mitchell Waters
This quantitative study explored the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and college student stress and well-being, including the impacts of gender identity and sexual orientation. Participants were undergraduate students ( n = 760) who answered survey questions related to stress, well-being, and ACEs as part of a larger campus climate survey. Researchers found that number of
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Does Intervention Improve Precalculus Performance Among Students in Historically Black Colleges and Universities? Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2023-05-15 Francis Erebholo
Many students across the country experienced a decline in academic performance due to COVID-19. As a result, college readiness measures have fallen short, especially in math. This lack of preparati...
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Despite Challenges Part II: Bridging the Gap to Success Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2023-04-24 Julie M. Fagan, Jean S. Coffey
First year nursing students at a small public university participated in a longitudinal study following a bridge course to prepare them for the transition to college and rigorous nursing curriculum...
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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Dual Enrollment Research Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2023-04-20 Tracey King Schaller, P. Wesley Routon, Mark Allen Partridge, Reanna Berry
Given the current surge in student participation in dual enrollment programs, an updated synthesis of literature relating to how these programs impact students is warranted. Furthermore, while ther...
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Transfer Shock and Resilience: How Transfer-Related GPA Drop and Rebound Predict Student Departure from a Flagship University Campus Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2023-03-23 Shanna Smith Jaggars, Marcos D. Rivera, Melissa T. Buelow
As they navigate the social and academic expectations of a new college, transfer students commonly suffer “transfer shock,” or a sudden drop in GPA. However, little is known about why some students...
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Navigating Transfer “Pivotal Points” in Challenging Contexts: A Longitudinal Investigation of STEM Transfer Students’ Pathways During COVID-19 Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2023-03-14 Heather Thiry, Raquel Harper, Dana Holland Zahner
Community colleges have long been touted as a pathway to increase social mobility through their transfer function, yet this promise has not always been realized. This study uses the lens of communi...
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Exploring Between-Sector Transfers: Why For-Profit University Students Switch to Public Institutions Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2023-03-12 Molly Ott, Thomas Zimmerman
This study explores the choices and experiences of undergraduates who transfer out of for-profit 4-year universities and matriculate into a public university. Interviews with students who moved fro...
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Academic Achievement of First-Generation University Students in Spotlight: Role of Parental Involvement, Autonomy Support, and Academic Motivation Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2023-03-12 Najia Zulfiqar, Muhammad Taimoor Shafi, Rimsha Ajmal
The present study aimed to examine the inter-relationships among perceived parental involvement, autonomy support, academic motivation, and academic achievement of first-generation university stude...
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Shocks to the System: COVID-19's Perceived Interference With the Academic Performance and Plans of University Undergraduates Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2023-03-12 Alexios Rosario-Moore, Kara E. Graham, Svetlana Mitric, Gabriela Avila
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted and reshaped undergraduate students’ social, learning, and workplace environments. Using an ecological systems framework, we draw on survey data from a sequential, m...
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The Route to Graduation: An Exploration of the Association Between Transit Stop Proximity and Pell Recipient Completion Rates at US Commuter Colleges Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2023-03-09 Matthew J. Capaldi
This study explores the association between having a transit stop within walking distance of campus and Pell Grant recipient completion rates at US commuter institutions, using a novel dataset on t...
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Navigating the Pandemic: Enrollment Decisions and Educational Experiences of Latino/x College Men Attending Hispanic Serving Institutions in the South Texas Region12 Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2023-03-09 Luis Ponjuán, Emmet Campos, Jase Kugiya, Armando Lizarraga, Julio Jesus Mena Bernal
The Covid-19 pandemic was a primary cause for the decline in college enrollment rates for Latino/x college men over the last two years. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore how these st...
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“It's Just Hard Reaching Out”: Factors Affecting Help-Seeking Behaviors among Independent College Students Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2023-03-05 Beth Sapiro, Svetlana Shpiegel, Silvia Ramirez Quiroz, Marissa Ventola, Oomi Helen Nwankwo, Tariro Munyereyi
Independent students pursue higher education without financial, practical, and sometimes emotional support from family. For these students, asking for assistance when needed is key for college pers...
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“Eventually, It Became My Source of Motivation”: Black STEM Transfer Students’ Agentic Responses to Negative Campus Ethos at an HSI Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2023-03-02 Yoon Ha Choi, Marie Janelle Tacloban-Moore, Sarah L. Eddy, Geoffrey Potvin, Rocio Benabentos, Laird Kramer
As the fastest growing minority serving institution type, Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs) play important roles in reaching and serving a diverse group of students beyond Hispanic/Latine-identi...
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Contributing Factors for Success of Nontraditional Students at Online Doctoral Programs Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2023-02-20 Mansureh Kebritchi, Ryan Rominger, Mark McCaslin
Online education has become an integral part of higher education with the ever-increasing demand for online doctoral programs. The purpose of this mixed-method study was to explore the nature of st...
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Social Capital for Vertical Transfers: The Multidimensional Predictor of Post-Transfer Adjustment and Academic Performance Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2023-02-07 Yu April Chen
Vertical transfers, those who transferred from a 2-year institution to a 4-year institution, often face multifaceted challenges and lower success rates upon arriving at the receiving 4-year institu...
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Increasing Retention of Underrepresented Students in STEM Fields at California Community Colleges: A Study of the STEM2 Program Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Torri Draganov, JoHyun Kim, Seung Won Yoon
With the need to increase Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) graduates, higher education institutions need to identify and improve ways to increase underrepresented STEM stude...
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Support for Working Students: Understanding the Impacts of Employment on Students’ Lives Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2023-01-05 Rebecca Summer, Megan McCoy, Isabelle Trujillo, Esperanza Rodriguez
The majority of college students work, and there are well-documented findings about the impacts of student work on academic performance. However, there is little research on the impacts of this wor...
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Institutional Profiling for Educational Development: Identifying Which Conditions for Student Success to Address in a Given Educational Setting—A Case Study Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-12-29 Hugues Engel
Thanks to a wealth of research on college student retention, we have today a good understanding of the factors that facilitate student success. However, actions taken to promote student success are...
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Validation of Belonging among Underrepresented Undergraduates in STEM Majors: Comparison of Former Transfer and non-Transfer Students Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-12-25 Dana G. Holland Zahner, Raquel P. Harper
The transfer pathway from community college to university holds promise for advancing equity in STEM because it is followed by disproportionately high numbers of underrepresented students. Among th...
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A Quantitative Analysis of Rural and Urban Student Outcomes Based on Location of Institution of Attendance Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-12-14 Dani McCauley
This quantitative research study sought to examine the differences in retention and degree attainment for college students depending on their home locale and the location of their institution of at...
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Developing Major and Career Self-Efficacy Among At-Promise Students: The Role of a Comprehensive College Transition Program Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-11-27 Liane I. Hypolite, Joseph A. Kitchen, Adrianna Kezar
Higher education institutions are utilizing comprehensive college transition programs (CCTPs) to streamline support, promote retention and success, and address the structural barriers that at-promi...
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Student Engagement and Retention of Adult Learners at Community Colleges Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-11-16 Janet Spitzig, Blake J Renner
This study aimed to examine the relationship between student engagement and student retention of adult learners at community colleges. The relationship between student retention and the five Commun...
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The Impact of Parents, Intimate Relationships, and Friends on Students’ Dropout Intentions Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Tim Baalmann, Ana Brömmelhaus, Julika Hülsemann, Michael Feldhaus, Karsten Speck
The importance of close social contacts in the educational process has been widely documented, but mainly for the school sector. The present article examines the importance of close relationships o...
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The COVID-19 Effect: How Student Financial Well-Being, Needs Satisfaction, and College Persistence has Changed Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Mia B. Russell, Lorna Saboe-Wounded Head, Kelli Wolfe-Enslow, Jacqueline Holland, Nicholas Zimmerman
Millions of students experienced increased levels of stress and worries about their college pursuits as they were forced to abrupt pivot to online and hybrid learning due to the global pandemic. Dr...
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Bringing Counseling to the Classroom: Embedded Counseling and Student Outcomes in Community College ESOL Programs Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-10-26 Federick Ngo, David Lee
Increased and targeted counseling and advising may be an effective way to support English learner students enrolled in programs for English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL). This study examin...
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Exploring First-Generation Students’ Collegiate Outcomes: Longitudinal Comparison of Dropout and Transfer Behaviors Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-10-09 Terry T. Ishitani, Jacob A. Kamer
Many existing student persistence and retention studies overlooked the different types of departure (e.g., dropout, transfer) and aggregate them into a single departure variable, as a result, the e...
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Coping Strategies and Trauma-Related Distress of College Students During Covid-19 Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-09-16 Madison L. Straup, Kalyn Prothro, Abigail Sweatt, Jabeen F. Shamji, Sharon R. Jenkins
Present-day college students are particularly impacted by the disconcerting effects of Covid-19 because of their vulnerability towards mental health struggles. The current study identified coping s...
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Do Self-Assessments for Informed Study Decisions Actually Inform Study Decisions? A Model for Evaluating the Consequential Validity Aspect Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-09-07 L. E. C. Delnoij, J. P. W. Janssen, K. J. H. Dirkx, H. Vogten, H. Martens, S. Elston, H. Hermans, R. L. Martens
Pre-enrolment self-assessments are a promising way to address student commitment and retention in an early stage. Such assessments aim to inform study decisions by evoking reflection and providing ...
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Conversations About Food Insecurity: Examining College Campus Climates Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-09-04 Crystal Eufemia Garcia
This qualitative critical narrative inquiry study explored the experiences of 19 students within four universities in a single Southern state that used campus food aid resources such as a food pant...
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Psychometric Properties of Scores on the Mental Distress Response Scale among First-Generation College Students: Implications for Retention Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Michael T. Kalkbrenner, Ryan E. Flinn
First-generation college students” (FGCS) are at risk for suffering from mental health issues, which have direct implication for their retention and academic success. Past investigators consistentl...
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Undergraduates’ Academic Acculturative Stress at the Intersection of First-Generation Status and Gender in a Public University Setting Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-08-28 Allison Laajala-Lozano, Sharon Rae Jenkins
First generation college students (FGCSs) may undergo challenging cultural transitions as they acculturate to higher education. Such challenges may include perceived loss of home ties, navigating u...
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Specially and Regularly Admitted Division I Student-Athletes: Differences in and Relationships Between Academic and Athletic Identity, Perceived Support, and Academic Commitments Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-08-22 Mariya A. Yukhymenko-Lescroart, Jennifer Moradian Watson, Megan O’Quin
The purpose of this study was to examine academic commitments in Division I specially and regularly admitted student-athletes. Division I student-athletes completed questionnaires assessing academi...
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Validation of the Higher Education Student Engagement Scale in use for Program Evaluation Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-08-22 Stella Y. Kim, Carl Westine, Tong Wu, Derek Maher
The primary purpose of this study is to validate a student engagement measure for its use in evaluation of a learning assistant (LA) program. A series of psychometric evaluations were made for both...
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Profiles of Undergraduate Completers: Deconstructing the Heterogeneity Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-08-22 Susan Troncoso Skidmore, Linda Reichwein Zientek, Forrest C. Lane
A person-centered approach identified five empirically unobserved student profiles of first-time full-time university students who shared similar academic patterns, performance measures, and demogr...
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Possible Causes of Leaks in the Transfer Pipeline: Student Views at the 19 Colleges of The City University of New York Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-08-02 A. W. Logue, Yoshiko Oka, David Wutchiett, Kerstin Gentsch, Stephanie Abbeyquaye
Only 11% of community college (associate's-degree) students transfer vertically and obtain a bachelor's degree within six years, despite over 80% originally intending to do so. These leaks in the t...
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An Anti-Deficit Investigation of Resilience Among University Students with Adverse Experiences Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-07-03 Ruby Hernandez, Rebecca Covarrubias, Sara Radoff, Elizabeth Moya, Ángel Jesús Mora
Experiencing extreme adversity — such as homelessness, abuse, or incarceration — creates barriers for educational success. Yet, there is a dearth of literature on the higher education pathways of students who experienced adversity (SEA). A researcher-practitioner collaboration aimed to understand the structural challenges SEA navigated on campus and the factors promoting their resilience and retention
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2 Txt or Not 2 Txt?: Examining Student Interaction via Text and Its Influence on Students’ Intent to Persist Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-06-29 Andrew Otto
Texting is a universal form of communication used by traditional undergraduate students. Its influence on higher education cannot be understated, particularly as it pertains to institutional retention efforts. Communication with an academic advisor has been shown to impact student persistence and retention. Tinto’s theory of student departure posits student persistence is the result of a longitudinal
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The Influence of Affirmative Action Bans on Institutional Retention Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-06-19 Xiaodan Hu, Kubra Say, Jeanette Barker, Brennan Carr
With its direct impact on admissions procedures and (in)direct impact on campus climate, affirmative action bans can potentially influence student retention. This study uses a national dataset to examine the relationship between affirmative action bans in Oklahoma and New Hampshire and retention rates at public colleges and universities. Our findings indicate that the adoption of affirmative action
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The Relationship Between Financial Stress and College Retention Rates Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Kelsie Smathers, Erin Chapman, Nancy Deringer, Terrance Grieb
This study examined the relationship between financial stress and student retention for post-secondary students. Data from 2014 collected at a Pacific Northwest University using The Ohio State's National Student Financial Wellness Study were used to examine the students’ reported levels of stress related to finances. Students reported the most financial stress came from their student loan debt. Data
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Student Academic Engagement and Burnout Amidst COVID-19: The Role of Purpose Orientations and Disposition Towards Gratitude in Life Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Mariya A. Yukhymenko-Lescroart
The current study considered the role of broad life orientations of university students on their academic engagement and burnout within the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the purpose of this study was to examine whether life purpose orientations predicted student academic engagement and burnout directly and indirectly through disposition towards gratitude. University students completed
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Studying Under Stress: The Effect of COVID-19 Psychological Distress on Academic Challenges and Performance of Post-Secondary Students Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-06-05 Paweena Sukhawathanakul, Allyson Hadwin, Ramin Rostampour, Michelle Bahena Olivares, Kate Shostak
The COVID-19 pandemic introduced significant disruptions in the learning environment for many post-secondary students. While emerging evidence suggest mental health has declined during the pandemic, little is known about how the pandemic has affected students academically. This study investigates how COVID-19 psychological distress impacts academic performance among a Canadian sample of post-secondary
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Unraveling Student Engagement: Exploring its Relational and Longitudinal Character Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-05-04 Rachel A. Smith, Vincent Tinto
Though higher education scholars have long known that undergraduate student engagement is associated with student persistence, they have yet to fully unravel its character and how it evolves over time. We argue that this is in part due to the individualistic, static ways engagement is measured even though scholars recognize it as a fundamentally relational concept. In our theoretical exploration, we
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Cultivating not Weeding: STEM First Year Learning Community Fosters Student Persistence and Engagement Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-05-03 Cory C. Cowan, Mara Brady, Jaime Arvizu, Amber Reece, Beth Weinman, Matthew Zivot
Regional comprehensive universities with access-oriented missions provide critical pathways for increasing the number and diversity of STEM graduates. The BOND program at California State University, Fresno supports the transition to college for first-time, full-time freshmen in selected STEM majors. BOND incorporates a learning community, active learning, and early course-based research experiences
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Book Review: Supporting success for LGBTQ+ students: tools for inclusive campus practice by Kilgo, C. A. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-04-18 Virginia L. Byrne,Isaac Hollis
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The Formation and Role of Social Belonging in On-Campus Integration of Diverse First-Generation College Students Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice Pub Date : 2022-04-18 Ida Salusky,Lidia Monjaras-Gaytan,Grevelin Ulerio,Nicola Forbes,George Perron,Elizabeth Raposa
First-generation college students (FGCS) experience high rates of attrition compared to continuing generation college students. FGCS frequently identify with several other historically marginalized identities on college campuses. The development of a sense of belonging on-campus is one of the main drivers of retention. The current study examines how sense of belonging on-campus develops during the
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