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A simplified approach for local buckling in metal-faced profiled sandwich panels Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Muhammad Naeem Tahir, Ehab Hamed
Local buckling (wrinkling) is very common in metal-faced insulating sandwich panels (MFISPs) due to the small thickness of their face sheets. In some cases, wrinkling leads to sudden failures, while in others it leads to degradation of the overall stiffness and can decrease the failure load. A simplified finite-element modelling approach is presented to estimate the local buckling pressure of such
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Lateral torsional capacity of steel beams in different loading conditions by neural network Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Alexandre Rossi, Mahmoud Hosseinpour, Adriano Silva de Carvalho, Carlos Humberto Martins, Yasser Sharifi
Lateral torsional buckling (LTB) is a common mode of failure in steel structures due to instability. However, current standard recommendations have limitations in accurately determining the ultimate capacity of members subjected to LTB. To address this issue, an in-depth parametric study using finite-element analysis (FEA) was conducted to investigate the effects of major parameters, including various
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The engineering legacy of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022TM: the gahfiya-shaped Al Thumama Stadium Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Knut Stockhusen, Andreas Schnubel, P. E. Onur Ihtiyar, Mohammed Z. E. B. Elshafie, Nasser A. Al-Nuaimi
The structures of the Al Thumama Stadium could be categorised into four main building components: The permanent bowl structure with the lower and middle tiers are mainly cast-in-place reinforced concrete with precast seating units. Structural steel is utilised for the upper tier stands which is to be dismantled for legacy conversion after FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™. The roof and façade system utilises
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Strengthening of slender webs of steel plate girders using FRP composites Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Muhammad Aslam Bhutto, Muhammad Masood Rafi
Web buckling of steel plate girders creates an undesirable failure mode as it can limit the ultimate load capacity of plate girders. This paper presents details of an experimental investigation aimed at strengthening slender end panels of steel plate girders using three different types of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials (glass-fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) pultruded section stiffeners
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Some issues about the behaviour of external pre-stressed steel–concrete composite beams Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Alvaro Wayar Moscoso, Jorge Palomino Tamayo, Bárbara dos Santos Sánchez, Inácio Benvegnu Morsch
A numerical experiment is performed to evaluate the behaviour of externally pre-stressed steel–concrete composite beams (EPSCCBs) up to their ultimate stages, considering second-order effects, tendon material and friction at tendon–deviator locations. The tendon force evolution with loading and slip at the steel–concrete interface is explored. A three-dimensional finite-element model is used to include
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Behaviour of concrete filled rectangular tube girders in bending Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-12-28 Rana Al-Dujele, Katherine A. Cashell
A detailed study of the behaviour of concrete-filled rectangular tubular flange girders (CFRFGs) was undertaken. The CFRFGs were steel beams in which the top flange plate is replaced with a concrete-filled steel section, resulting in greater load-carrying capacity and lateral torsional buckling resistance compared with a regular steel beam of similar proportions. They are complex members and their
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A brief commentary on Facades: a new form of infrastructure Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-12-28 Julian Birbeck
The U.K.'s residential housing stock is undergoing a transformation. In 2017, 20% of the national housing stock comprised flats. Over the next 25 years, it is estimated that flats in medium- or high-rise blocks will account for over 50% of new residential construction (Piddington, Nichol, Garrett and Custard, 2020).
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Lower carbon dioxide cements and concretes: Bringing new materials into UK industrial use Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Andrew Dunster, Elsabeth Marriott
Cement and concrete are essential for global development. However, cement manufacture is responsible for around 7–8% of global greenhouse gas emissions, with significant growth anticipated. Beyond efficiencies in cement manufacturing, other strategies for using less cement in construction through applying the principles of efficient design, circular economy and reuse also have the potential to reduce
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Internal force and damage analysis of foundation of steel–concrete wind turbine tower Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Chen Yang, Wenjun He, Jin Zhang, Rutao Liu, Yucheng Zhou, Xiaobing Song, Ji Zhang
The internal cavity of the foundation of a steel–concrete composite wind turbine tower (WTT) is designed to facilitate prestressed construction. The load-bearing mechanisms of this type of foundation are different from those of ring-type and anchor-type foundations commonly used in steel WTTs. Based on a real project, an integrated model of a prestressed tower–foundation–ground was built using the
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Behaviour of thermally shocked RC columns internally confined by auxetic steel wire mesh Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Rajai Z. Al-Rousan, Bara'a R. Alnemrawi
An experimental programme was designed to test 24 square columns (200 mm side and 1000 mm length) with different numbers of layers (one, two, three, four and five) of auxetic steel wire mesh (ASWM) as a substitute for stirrup reinforcement within the middle region of the column height. The effect of thermal shock was also assessed, with the tested columns divided into two sets of 12 damaged specimens
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Effects of fling step on the seismic response of reinforced concrete arch bridges Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Adham Gholipour, Mohammad-Reza Davoodi, Hossein Yousefpour
Many arch bridges have been built in near-fault regions around the world and may be affected by fling step, which is the permanent ground displacement caused by the long-period pulse within the frequency content of an earthquake. This study investigates the effect of fling step on reinforced concrete deck-type arch bridges with short to medium spans. Three-dimensional non-linear models of three existing
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Multi-hazard analysis of a reinforced concrete structure under blast and post-blast fire Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Nishant Singh Choudhary, Manmohan Dass Goel, Sandeep Panchal
The likelihood of fire following a natural or man-made event is comparatively high, such as a fire occurring after a terrorist attack or any natural disaster such as a tornado, lightning strike or earthquake. A structure is the one element that is consistent throughout all these different hazard–fire interactions. In this work, the response of a three-dimensional monolithic reinforced concrete (RC)
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Eccentric load behaviour of concrete columns retrofitted with engineered cementitious composite jackets via grooving method Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-09-04 Saadat Eshaghi-Milasi, Davood Mostofinejad, Alireza Saljoughian, Hadi Bahmani
The eccentric load behaviour of circular reinforced concrete columns strengthened with a novel engineered cementitious composite jackets reinforced with synthetic macro-fibres and polypropylene was investigated. Furthermore, an innovative method of interface treatment known as longitudinal grooving was used. Twelve test columns were cast, six of which were strengthened with 15 mm thick composite jackets
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Probabilistic seismic safety assessment of bridges with random pier scouring Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-08-29 Ali Raoof Mehrpour Hosseini, Mehran S. Razzaghi, Nasser Shamskia
Foundation scour has been a reason for several cases of river-bridge earthquake-induced failure during recent decades. However, practising engineers often do not consider its direct effect on the seismic design procedure of such structures. The cavity around a bridge foundation is a random phenomenon depending on several uncertain parameters. This study provides a probabilistic platform to investigate
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Coupled FEM–DEM analysis of mountain tunnels subjected to explosion-induced landslide Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-08-11 Jagriti Mandal, Manmohan Dass Goel
In this study, the onset of a landslide induced by an explosion within a shallow buried mountain transit tunnel was simulated using a coupled finite-element–discrete-element method (FEM–DEM). Two cases of mountain tunnels were considered for the investigation: a continuous tunnel passing through the mountain body and the terminal end of the tunnel. The effect of the location of the explosion inside
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Automated code compliance checking through building information modelling Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-08-11 Bilal Aslam, Tariq Umar
The design, construction and handing over of building projects need to comply with the rules set by the local authorities. However, manual assessment of the drawings and plans against variable and complex sets of rules is quite cumbersome, inconsistent, expensive and prone to human error, resulting in huge delays in construction projects. The aim of this research was thus to develop an automated code
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Blast resistance of RC columns for varied detonation scenarios: Effect of shear detailing Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-07-03 K. K. Anjani, Manish Kumar
The growing threat of accidental and malevolent blast loading to building structures has necessitated the consideration of blast-resistant design. Columns are the most vulnerable and critical component of a building, so they must be designed against blast to achieve defined performance goals. The influence of transverse rebar detailing on the ultimate capacity and failure modes of rectangular reinforced
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Demountable reinforced concrete slabs using dry connections Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-06-27 Hanady Almahmood, Ashraf Ashour, Diogo Figueira, Gurkan Yildirim, Alper Aldemir, Mustafa Sahmaran
The results of an experimental investigation of a new dry connection for reinforced concrete slab elements are presented. Seven full-scale slabs were tested; one slab was monolithic and used as a control specimen, while the other six were assembled using top and bottom steel plates joined by steel bolts with high tensile strength. Two connection scenarios were investigated – a simple bolted connection
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Non-linear analysis of CFRP-wrapped steel box sections under biaxial load Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-06-27 Pramod Tiwari, Kranti Jain, Pavan Kumar Emani
The effect of biaxial compressive loading on hollow steel box column (HSBC) and concrete-filled steel box column (CFSBC) sections wrapped with low-modulus carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) was studied. The CFSBC and HSBC sections were simulated using Abaqus finite-element software and validated using available experimental data. Biaxial compressive loading was considered for different eccentricities
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Kath-Kuni architecture: field investigations and material characterisation Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-06-16 Ashwani Kumar Sharma, Ashutosh Kumar, Vasilis Sarhosis
An extensive investigation was carried out to gain better understanding of the seismic-resilient features of Kath-Kuni structures (mainly timber-laced dry masonry construction) prevalent in the Himachal Pradesh region of India. The research involved field reconnaissance surveys through rapid visual screening to understand the structural configuration. Laboratory testing was then conducted to evaluate
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Web slenderness effects on flexure of compound normal and high-strength steel beams Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-06-13 Ehab Ellobody
This paper discusses web slenderness effects on the flexural behaviour of epoxy adhesive-bonded compound normal and high-strength steel beams. The compound beams were simply supported and consisted of an I-section connected, on its top flange, to a channel section using an epoxy adhesive. A non-linear three-dimensional finite-element modelling study was performed using Abaqus software for the analysis
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Modelling non-linear dynamic behaviour of rocking bridge piers with shape memory alloys Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-06-13 Sedef Kocakaplan, Ehsan Ahmadi, Mohammad M. Kashani
In recent years, accelerated bridge construction has led to the substantial application of precast post-tensioned segmental (PPS) bridge piers. However, PPS piers are not widely used in high-seismicity regions due to their low energy-dissipation capacity (EDC). To address this deficiency, a series of shape memory alloy (SMA)–concrete composite PPS piers were examined in this work. Non-linear static
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Flexural strength of steel girders with perforated web and tubular compression flange Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-06-09 Ahmed A. Matloub, Sara S. Hassan, Ibrahim S. Hussein, Ahmed H. Yousef
Lateral torsional buckling reduces the moment capacity of steel I-girders. To redress this weakening, one approach is to replace the conventional plate flange with a rectangular tube, which has higher lateral stiffness and is thus helpful to resist lateral buckling. At the same time, web openings are introduced to enable services to pass through, but this causes a reduction in strength. Girders with
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Theoretical analysis of the moment–curvature relationship of coal gangue concrete beams Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-06-06 Bin Cai, Kaiyi Li, Feng Fu
At present, there are only a few studies on the application of coal gangue concrete to structural components. To study the moment–curvature relationship of steel-fibre-reinforced coal gangue concrete beams, a simplified calculation method was proposed in this study. The equations were optimised based on current design codes, including theoretical calculations of flexural stiffness, crack width and
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Manuscript title: Non-linear analysis for CFRP wrapped steel box sections under bi-axial load Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-06-06 Pramod Tiwari, Kranti Jain, Pavan Kumar Emani
This study investigates the effect of bi-axial compressive loading on Hollow steel box columns (HSBC) and concrete-filled steel box columns (CFSBC) sections wrapped with low modulus CFRP. The CFSBC and HSBC sections are simulated in the finite element- software (ABAQUS) and validated using available experimental data. The bi-axial compressive loading is considered for various eccentricities i.e., eccentricity
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Limit state design of resilient earthquake-resisting systems Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-06-05 Mark Grigorian, Siavash Sedighi, Hadiseh Mohammadi
Sustainable seismic design (SSD) is the first step towards next-generation earthquake engineering. SSD of mixed multiple seismic systems (MMSSs), in which more than one earthquake-resisting structure is used, is a challenging structural engineering issue. Seismic sustainability implies survivability during and after an earthquake, preceded by post-earthquake realignment and repairs (PERR). Purpose-specific
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Performance of honeycomb sandwich structure under combined blast and impact of fragments Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Payal A. Shirbhate, Manmohan Dass Goel
The response of sandwich structures under the synergistic effects of blast wave and fragments is a topic of interest for researchers and designers. Thus, the performance of a sandwich structure used for enhancing the protection of a target structure is numerically investigated because it may experience such complex loading conditions resulting from combined blast and fragment impact. A conventional
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Response modification factor evaluation for vertically irregular MRF buildings Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-05-19 Momen Mohamed M. Ahmed, Mohamed Abdel-Basset Abdo, Waleed Abo El-Wafa Mohamed
Most design codes evaluate the non-linear seismic performance of structures using the response reduction/modification factor (R). The value of R is sensitive to a variety of factors in terms of overall ductility and over-strength. In this work, actual R values were assessed for vertical irregularity cases for reinforced concrete bare buildings with moment-resisting frames (MRFs). A significant relationship
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Vulnerability analysis of earthquake-driven blast load on a reinforced concrete structure Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-05-04 Shivani Verma, Manmohan Dass Goel, Nikhil Ninad Sirdesai
It is common practice in earthquake-prone areas to design structures with earthquake loading in mind. The severity of the damage to a structure depends on the earthquake's magnitude and the type of structure. Sometimes, a high-intensity earthquake can trigger explosive materials to explode inside structures. This combination of loading scenarios could lead to an overall increase in damage to the structures
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Effect of bridge design parameters on multi-hazard performance of river-crossing bridges Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-05-04 Dinesh Kumar Devendiran, Swagata Banerjee
River-crossing bridges in seismically active regions are typically susceptible to two natural hazards – earthquakes and floods. For such bridges, design parameters related to piers may play major roles in bridge multi-hazard performance. In this study, the same was explored for key bridge design parameters – the aspect ratio and longitudinal reinforcement ratio of piers and the differential ground
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Briefing: MSc teaching of timber structural analysis Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-04-25 Wendel Sebastian
None
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Mechanical model and seismic performance of frames with a self-centring connection Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-04-24 Mahsa Saeidzadeh, Mohammad Reza Chenaghlou, Arash Akbari Hamed
The desired structural performance of a novel self-centring pinned beam–column connection with friction dampers (SC-PC-FD) has been reported. An accurate mechanical model of the SC-PC-FD connection is required for easy modelling of frames with these connections using common commercial structural analysis and design software. This paper presents a simple mechanical model for a SC-PC-FD connection. The
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3D finite-element analysis of innovative coconut palm stem shaped headed shear connectors Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-04-18 Rahul Tarachand Pardeshi, Yogesh Deoram Patil
Headed studs are shear connectors in composite structures used at the adjoining face of a steel beam and a concrete slab. In this research, the conventional shape of a headed stud was restructured to resemble the shape of a coconut palm stem (royal palm) without a change in the overall material volume, with the aim of improving the shear strength of the composite connection. Six innovative shear connectors
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Computational design exploration of a segmented concrete shell building floor system Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-04-18 Eduardo Costa, Robin Oval, Paul Shepherd, John Orr
The construction industry is responsible for nearly half of the UK's carbon dioxide emissions and the use of an extremely large volume of concrete – the world's most widely used man-made material – accounts for more than 7% of global carbon dioxide emissions. The scale of this problem spawned research to explore the potential for structurally efficient non-prismatic geometries to reduce the amount
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Evaluating the applicability of seismic retrofit of an electric cabinet in a power plant Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-04-11 SangMoon Lee, BubGyu Jeon, SungWan Kim, DaWoon Yun, WooYoung Jung
The aim of this study was to find a way to improve earthquake resistance performance more effectively through various reinforcement methods between a cabinet bottom and concrete slab, which is a vulnerable connection in the event of earthquake. In order to improve the earthquake resistance performance of an electric cabinet, methods such as installing a vibration isolation device, increasing the number
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ANNA: advanced neural network algorithm for optimisation of structures Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-04-11 Nima Khodadadi, Siamak Talatahari, Amir H. Gandomi
The purpose of this study is to develop an advanced neural network algorithm as a new optimisation for the optimal design of truss structures. The central concept of the algorithm is based on biological nerve structures and artificial neural networks. The performance of the proposed method is explored in engineering design problems. Two efficient methods for improving the standard neural network algorithm
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Vulnerability analysis on a dataset of long-span timber structures in Italy Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-03-30 Andrea Gaspari, Roberto Modena, Ivan Giongo, Maurizio Piazza
Long-span structures such as school gyms and sports centres are often used by the Italian Department of Civil Protection as post-catastrophe shelters or headquarters. The Emilia 2012 earthquake drew the attention of the department to this type of structure due to the damage that many of these buildings suffered. In this work, a dataset of 101 timber structures was analysed based on a simplified methodology
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Effect of wall sheathings on seismic behaviour of phosphogypsum-filled CFS shear walls Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-03-30 Song Hu, Yong Huang, Li Zhou
To improve the seismic behaviour of cold-formed steel (CFS) walls, a novel infilled CFS wall covered with different wall sheathings (gypsum wallboard, oriented strand board and fibre cement board) was assessed. Four full-scale specimens were tested under cyclic lateral loads to investigate the impacts of the wall sheathings on the seismic performance of the CFS wall. The failure process, failure mode
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Energy-based assessment of reinforced concrete walls with two outriggers Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-03-14 Hamid Beiraghi, Ebrahim Momen Abadi
In this paper, different kinds of energy dissipation in reinforced concrete (RC) core–wall systems with two buckling-restrained braced outriggers, subjected to forward-directivity near-fault and ordinary far-fault earthquakes, have been compared. The level of the first outrigger was fixed at the top and the second outrigger was placed at different levels. In the non-linear model, two approaches for
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Effect of loss of bond on flat-slab building collapses Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-03-14 Gerasimos Kotsovos, Emmanouil Vougioukas, Michael D. Kotsovos
Between 1997 and 2010, there was a small, yet unexpected, number of flat-slab car park buildings that collapsed under service loading. In all the cases, the collapse was preceded by loss of bond (LoB) between the concrete and flexural reinforcement. All investigations of the causes of these collapses have since been inconclusive, particularly as regards the effect of LoB. Yet, LoB due to yielding of
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Torsional strength limitation of reinforced concrete beams Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-02-16 Jung-Yoon Lee, Na-Yeong Kim, Dongik Shin, Hyun-Woo Byun, Kil-Hee Kim
In order to promote stirrup yielding prior to concrete crushing and avoid over-reinforcement failure modes in reinforced concrete (RC) members, current design codes stipulate limits on the maximum amount of shear and torsional reinforcement. Studies have shown that the shear strength limits introduced based on the plane-truss approach estimate the maximum shear strength and shear failure mode with
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Fibre Bragg grating sensor investigation on bond stress of steel-carbon fibre reinforced concrete Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-02-16 Lei Wang, Junwen Chen, Ni Shen, Feng Fu
Understanding the bonding stress distribution and reinforcement strain distribution between steel and carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer composite bars and concrete is essential to the design of concrete reinforced with such bars. Currently, the bond stress and reinforcement strain distribution patterns are not clear. Therefore, a series of pull-out tests was undertaken on concrete reinforced with steel
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Mechanical properties of axially and eccentrically loaded CFRP–coral concrete columns Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-02-16 Shuang Chen, Jiwen Guan, Shujia Liang
Bearing capacity tests were carried out on axially and eccentrically loaded coral concrete short columns reinforced with carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars. Parameters such as the ultimate bearing capacities and the stress in the CFRP bars and surface concrete were measured and analysed. All the columns failed due to the crushing of concrete in the compression zone. An increase in eccentricity
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Flexural behaviour of ECC slabs reinforced with high-strength stainless steel wire rope Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-02-13 Xinling Wang, Yaokang Zhao, Wenwen Qian, Yongjie Chen, Ke Li, Juntao Zhu
Engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) have ultrahigh ductility and multiple-cracking properties. High-strength stainless steel wire rope (HSSSWR) has high tensile strength and good corrosion resistance. Taking advantage of these two materials, ECCs reinforced with HSSSWR (HSSSWR-ECCs) promise to be attractive when used in flexible and ductile link slabs in bridge deck systems, in permanent formworks
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Energy based assessment of the reinforced concrete walls with two outriggers Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-02-02 Hamid Beiraghi, Ebrahim Momen Abadi
In this paper, different kind of energy dissipation in reinforced concrete (RC) core-wall systems with two buckling-restrained braced outriggers subjected to forward directivity near-fault and ordinary far-fault earthquakes has been compared. The level of the first outrigger is fixed at the top and the second outrigger is placed at different levels. In the nonlinear model, two approaches for the RC
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Multipurpose algorithm to simulate reinforced concrete structures: macro modelling method Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-02-02 Kabir Sadeghi, Fatemeh Nouban
A non-linear finite-element macro-element-based multipurpose algorithm to simulate reinforced concrete (RC) structural members (SMs) such as columns, beams, beam–columns and shear walls under cyclic combined loading is proposed, which can be applied for several different types of loading. In the proposed algorithm, the SMs are divided into an appropriate number of macro-elements and the surfaces of
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Corrosion depth of steel bars in recycled aggregate concrete beams under static load Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-01-31 Jian Wang, Han Su, Jinsheng Du
To study the distribution of corrosion depth along the longitudinal direction of tensile steel bars embedded in recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) beams under static loads, a total of 12 RAC beams were designed for accelerated corrosion testing by considering three types of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratios (i.e. 0%, 50% and 100%) and four kinds of static load levels (i.e. 0, 0.2, 0
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Assembly process based on supply chain management of prefabricated houses using BIM Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-01-31 Mengqi Gao, Yuancheng Guo, Hetao Hou, Pengying Wang, Shibo Wang
The assembly of modular containers using building information modelling (BIM) technologies was studied. The purpose of this study was to analyse the literature on prefabricated (prefab) houses and explore the concept of creating a digital prototype of a building based on Huoshenshan hospital using Autodesk Revit software. This hospital was constructed to treat Covid-19 patients in early 2020. The article
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Multi-hazard performance evaluation of hillside buildings under earthquakes and landslides Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-01-25 Mahipal Kulariya, Sandip Kumar Saha
Earthquake-induced landslide, a cascading hazard in hilly regions, can substantially increase the damaging effects of an earthquake. This necessitates performance evaluation of buildings situated in hilly regions under the effects of landslide-only and landslides following earthquakes. In this study, the performance of two commonly observed hillside building configurations is assessed—namely, step-back
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Optimisation-driven design in the architectural, engineering and construction industry Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2023-01-23 Evangelia Frangedaki, Laura Sardone, Giuseppe Carlo Marano, Nikos D. Lagaros
Digital tools and services relying on digital technology are becoming more pervasive, and are widespread in many different stages of the design process of structures. In this study, design optimisation from the perspective of architectural and structural engineering design is explored. Although, until recently, optimisation was recognised as a ‘tough’ mathematical tool, its evolution in terms of usability
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Construction verification of a cable-stayed arch cooperative bridge in China Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2022-12-20 Kexin Zhang, Dachao Li, He Liu, Xingwei Xue, Fei Teng
The mechanical properties of cooperative system bridges are complex. This paper describes the construction monitoring and load tests of a cable-stayed and arch cooperative bridge. The cable force, girder stress and arch alignment were monitored during construction to ensure the safety of the bridge structure and attain the intended internal force state in the completed bridge. Static and dynamic load
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Multihazard response of unbonded fibre-reinforced elastomeric isolator-isolated structures Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2022-12-13 Shiv Prakash, Radhey Shyam Jangid
Unbonded fibre-reinforced elastomeric isolator (UFREI) as laminated elastomeric isolator is a relatively new approach to base-isolation devices with improved efficiency, cost-effectiveness and ease. Base-isolated structures become more susceptible to wind loads due to an increase in the period of the structure, and UFREIs have been found to be effective in mitigating occasional wind loads on isolated
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Effect of loss of bond on the behaviour of RC beams under service load conditions Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2022-12-13 Emmanouil Vougioukas, Gerasimos Kotsovos, Apostolos Roulias, Michael D. Kotsovos
Deviation of the flexural reinforcement spacing from code specifications appears to underly the cause of the loss of bond (LoB) between concrete and steel that preceded the unexpected collapse of the top-floor balcony of a building under service load conditions on 15 October 2021 in Athens. Although rare, LoB has also been identified as the cause of collapse of buildings under similar conditions in
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Effect of concrete workability on bond properties of steel rebar in pre-cracked concrete Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2022-12-08 Seyed Sina Mousavi, Lotfi Guizani, Chandrasekhar Bhojaraju, Claudiane M. Ouellet-Plamondon
Although research has shown a considerable influence of the pre-cracking phenomenon on steel-congested concrete members, only normal concrete (NC) has been considered in the literature. The intention in this paper is thus to study the effect of the pre-cracking phenomenon on the bond response of pre-cracked NC with different slump flow values and self-consolidating concrete (SCC). Initial crack widths
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Impact-induced vibration effects on the real dynamic behaviour of cable-stayed bridges Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2022-12-07 Alemdar Bayraktar, Arif Erdiş, Altok Kurşun, Yavuzhan Taş, Mehmet Akköse
Cable-stayed bridges (CSBs) are flexible and complex structures. Impact-induced vibrations may play an important role in the behaviours of the structural elements. Much effort has been devoted to clarifying the experimental static and dynamic responses of CSBs. However, experimental dynamic responses of the structural elements of CSBs under impact-induced vibrations have not been widely addressed in
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Failure contingency assessment of corroded beams based on structural parameters Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2022-11-22 Masoumeh Taghipour, Mehdi Dehestani
The effects of corrosion in the serviceability state and capacity state on the failure contingency, life cycle cost (LCC) and optimum repair time (ORT) of reinforced concrete beams were evaluated. Gradual corrosion-induced crack widths were obtained using the cohesive crack model. Deterioration of flexural capacity was examined through a simplified three-dimensional finite-element model. Considering
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Withdrawal behaviour of mechanical fasteners in laminated bamboo lumber Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2022-10-27 Guo Chen, Enhao Zhang, Di Wu, Chang Wang, Tong Zhou
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of shank diameter, shank type, penetration depth and insertion direction on the nail-holding behaviour of laminated bamboo lumber (LBL). It was found that the shank type of the fastener had a significant effect on the failure mode. Nails, with a smooth shank, were pulled out directly from the LBL without other visible damage. However, when screw fasteners
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Performance assessment of bamboo bond strength in cement–fly ash mortar Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2022-10-19 Vishal Puri, Pradipta Chakrabortty, Swapan Majumdar
The novelty of this study is the combined experimental and statistical approach, which is showcased to predict and optimise bamboo–mortar bond strength, incorporating the effects of various material factors. The design of experiments method was used to quantify the impact of multiple factors affecting the bond strength. Firstly, different experimental pull-out tests were conducted in the laboratory
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The climate is right for a fundamental change in civil engineering education Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2022-10-14 Tim Ibell, Nick Russell
Since the industrial revolution, the civil engineers who created a built environment for a civilisation that is based on fossil fuel have been admired. For over 250 years, engineers have been educated and trained for the ‘upslope’ of using ever more resources to fuel engineering needs. However, there is now an urgent requirement to enter an era that is an order of magnitude shorter, and which is on
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Flexural behaviour of hollow reinforced concrete-filled fibreglass tubular beams Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2022-10-10 Xue Li, Lian-Guang Wang, Yao-Sheng Zhang, Ni Zhang
An experimental and numerical study of hollow reinforced concrete-filled glass-fibre-reinforced polymer tubular beams was carried out. Based on bending tests, the working mechanism and failure modes were studied. A finite-element model was established and the validity was assessed by comparing the experimental and numerical results. The main parameters included the wall thickness of the fibreglass