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Simulation study of the lunar water ice detection based on a small neutron generator J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Pingping Gan, Ming Li, Xiang Wan, Yajun Wang, Wei Zhong
Lunar water ice is an important resource to support the construction of lunar base and other deep space activities, and it is crucial to detect lunar water ice. In this paper, we studied the detection of lunar water ice based on a small neutron generator through Monte-Carlo simulation. The schematic of the detection system and the principle are explained. The simulation results demonstrate that the
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Simulation method of airborne γ radiation detector response based on the equivalent transformation J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Jinhui Qu, Jiarong Lei, Xi Huang, Huaiqiang Zhang, Hexi Wu, Xiting Chen, Yonggang Yuan
In airborne gamma radiation measurement, radiation detectors' responses are simulated using the direct simulation method. However, the number of particles recorded by the detector is significantly lower than the number of particles emitted from the radiation source. This imbalance leads to low simulation efficiency, making it challenging to achieve an acceptable level of statistical uncertainty within
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Spot-based measurement of the brighter-fatter effect on a Roman Space Telescope H4RG detector and comparison with flat-field data J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Andrés A. Plazas Malagón, Charles Shapiro, Ami Choi, Chris Hirata
We present the measurement and characterization of the brighter-fatter effect (BFE) on a NASA Roman Space Telescope development Teledyne H4RG-10 near-infrared detector using laboratory measurements with projected point sources. After correcting for other interpixel non-linearity effects such as classical non-linearity and inter-pixel capacitance, we quantify the magnitude of the BFE by calculating
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Commissioning and first results of the 174 GHz collective Thomson scattering diagnostic at Wendelstein 7-X J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 D. Moseev, S. Ponomarenko, H.P. Laqua, T. Stange, S.K. Nielsen, H. Braune, G. Gantenbein, S. Illy, J. Jelonnek, W. Kasparek, A. Kuleshov, L. Krier, C. Lechte, S. Marsen, M. Nishiura, B. Plaum, R. Ragona, T. Ruess, M. Salewski, P. Stordiau, M. Thumm, R.C. Wolf, J. Zimmermann, the W7-X Team
Collective Thomson Scattering (CTS) diagnostics measure the scattering spectrum of monochromatic incident radiation off collective fluctuations in the plasma. In this contribution, we present the first results from the upgraded CTS diagnostic at Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) operating in the frequency range between 172 and 176 GHz. This frequency range allows for minimization of noise originating from the
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Optimization of pulse shape discrimination based on frequency domain for SiPM-based NaIL scintillator detector J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 JunYu Li, Peng Fan, ChengLin Zhu, MengMeng Wang, ZhiYong Wei, Yan Xia
Frequency gradient analysis (FGA) neutron-gamma pulse shape discrimination (PSD) based on Fourier transform has proved to be an effective method for discrimination between two types of pulses by simply constructing a discrimination parameter by subtracting the amplitude of the 1st frequency component from the 0th frequency component. However, the discrimination parameter constructed by the above method
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The MUonE DAQ: online track-finding and event selection in hardware at 40 MHz J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Matteo Magherini, on behalf ofthe MUonE collaboration
High-intensity particle beams provide a significant challenge to DAQ systems, especially in complex architectures reading out many sensors. The MUonE experiment has been conducting beam tests using the M2 muon beam at CERN, with in-spill intensity of 5 × 107 muons/s, using tracking modules equipped with silicon strip sensors and a module readout bandwidth of 5 Gb/s. A pilot run has been performed in
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An FPGA-based front-end module emulator for the High Granularity Timing Detector J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Zhenwu Ge, Jie Zhang, Lei Zhang, Liangliang Han, on behalf ofthe ATLAS HGTD collaboration
This paper introduces an FPGA-based front-end module emulator developed for the High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) within the ATLAS experiment at LHC. The emulator serves as a debugger for the HGTD readout system during the stage when the front-end module is not available. Using a Xilinx-Spartan 7 FPGA, the emulator mimics the behavior of the ASIC utilized in the front-end module. In addition
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LUCID-3: the upgrade of the ATLAS luminosity detector for High-Luminosity LHC J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 B. Giacobbe, on behalf of ATLAS LUCID Group
The ATLAS physics program at the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) calls for a precision in the luminosity measurement of 1%. A larger uncertainty would represent the dominant systematic error in precision measurements, including those in the Higgs sector. To fulfill such requirement in an environment characterized by up to 140 simultaneous interactions per crossing (200 in the ultimate scenario), ATLAS
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Fast timing detectors for the muon system of a muon collider experiment: requirements from simulation and prototype performance J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 C. Aimè, M. Brunoldi, S. Calzaferri, D. Fiorina, C. Riccardi, P. Salvini, I. Vai, P. Vitulo, on behalf ofthe International Muon Collider collaboration
Looking at the future path of high-energy physics, a muon collider offers incomparable potential for discovery in the multi-TeV energy range. However, its development must address some relevant technological challenges, which arise from the short muon lifetime, 2.2 μs, and from the difficulty of producing large numbers of muons in groups with small emittance. The first one in particular leads to the
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RFSoC-based front-end electronics for pulse detection J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 S.N. Axani, S. Futagi, M. Garcia, C. Grant, K. Hosokawa, S. Ieki, K. Inoue, K. Ishidoshiro, N. Kawada, Y. Matsumoto, T. Nakahata, K. Nakamura, R. Shouji, H. Song, L.A. Winslow
Radiation measurement relies on pulse detection, which can be performed using various configurations of high-speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). For optimal power consumption, design simplicity, system flexibility, and the availability of DSP slices, we consider the Radio Frequency System-on-Chip (RFSoC) to be a more suitable option than traditional
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First test results of the HGCAL concentrator ASICs: ECON-T and ECON-D J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Davide Braga, Grace Cummings, Cristinel Gingu, James Hirschauer, James Hoff, Pamela Klabbers, Neha Kharwadkar, Cristina Mantilla-Suarez, Daniel Noonan, Paul Rubinov, Alpana Shenai, Chinar Syal, Xiaoran Wang, Ralph Wickwire, Gianmario Bergamin, Davide Ceresa, Szymon Kulis, Matteo Lupi, Simone Scarfì, Duje Coko, Mike Hammer, Jon Wilson, Bhim Bam, Jyoti Babbar, Alex Campbell, Yulun Miao, Bram Feas, Datao
With over 6 million channels, the High Granularity Calorimeter for the CMS HL-LHC upgrade presents a unique data transmission challenge. The ECON ASICs provide a critical stage of on-detector data compression and selection for the trigger path (ECON-T) and data acquisition path (ECON-D) of the HGCAL. The ASICs, fabricated in 65 nm CMOS, are radiation tolerant up to 200 Mrad and require low power consumption:
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Long term aging studies of the new PMTs used for the HL-LHC ATLAS hadron calorimeter upgrade J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 G. Chiarelli, S. Leone, F. Scuri
The central hadron calorimeter (TileCal) of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a sampling calorimeter read out by about 10,000 photomultipliers (PMTs). Earlier studies of performance showed a degradation in PMTs response as a function of the integrated anode charge. At the end of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) program, the expected integrated anode charge for PMTs reading
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Removing grid artifacts from a two-dimensional crisscrossed grid in cone-beam computed tomography to enhance image quality J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Duhee Jeon, Woosung Kim, Hyosung Cho, Myeongkyu Park
One-dimensional linear X-ray grids are typically used in clinical practice to reduce the number of scattered X-rays reaching the detector surface, thus improving image contrast in radiography. However, such grids can only remove scattered X-rays in one direction. Additionally, the primary challenge in using X-ray grids in digital radiography is the presence of grid artifacts, such as grid strip shadows
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Radiation tolerance of the MUX64 for the High Granularity Timing Detector of ATLAS J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 C. Wang, Z. Xu, X. Huang, L. Zhang, Q. Sha, Z. Ge, Y. Che, D. Gong, S. Hou, J. Zhang, T. Liu, Z. Liang, L. Zhang, J. Ye, M. Qi
The MUX64 ASIC is a 64-to-1 analog multiplexer to accommodate 64 inputs, with one addressed to output for ADC readout. It is developed for monitoring of the Low-Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) detector modules in the High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) of the ATLAS Phase-II upgrade. The MUX64 chips will be used in the radiation field of high-luminosity pp collisions at LHC to an integrated luminosity
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Molecular sieve vacuum swing adsorption purification and radon reduction system for gaseous dark matter and rare-event detectors J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 R.R. Marcelo Gregorio, N.J.C. Spooner, F. Dastgiri, A.C. Ezeribe, G. Lane, A.G. McLean, K. Miuchi, H. Ogawa
In the field of directional dark matter experiments SF6 has emerged as an ideal target gas. A critical challenge with this gas, and with other proposed gases, is the effective removal of contaminant gases. This includes radon which produce unwanted background events, but also common pollutants such as water, oxygen and nitrogen, which can capture ionisation electrons, resulting in loss of detector
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New techniques method for improving the performance of the ALPI Linac J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 L. Bellan, O. Carletto, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, M. Giacchini, M. Montis, Y.K. Ong, A. Pisent
The superconductive quarter wave cavities hadron linac ALPI is the final acceleration stage at the Legnaro National Laboratories. It can accelerate heavy ions from carbon to uranium up to 10 MeV/u for nuclear and applied physics experiments. It is also planned to use it for re-acceleration of the radioactive ion beams for the SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) project. In this article, we
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Determination of Henry's law coefficient of oxygen in LAB for JUNO J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 X. Qi, X. Sun, J. Li, T. Hu, J. Fang, L. Zhou, B. Yu, L. Sun, W. Liu, X. Cai, Y. Ding, Y. Xie, G. Zuo
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) requires that the detector use liquid scintillator with an extremely low background to achieve the desired measurement accuracy of neutrino mixing parameters. In addition, the production process of the liquid scintillator must avoid radon gas contamination caused by equipment leakage. Direct measurement of radon gas in liquid scintillator is an option
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50.3 ps time resolution and an 11-channel time measuring chip for Topmetal detectors J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Ni Fang, Dong Wang, Xiangming Sun, Chaosong Gao, Ran Chen, Zhuo Zhou, Shiqiang Zhou, Cheng Lian, Zijian Lang
The Topmetal detector, utilized in this investigation, is a direct-type CMOS pixel sensor known for its distinctive feature of employing exposed metal at the top of each pixel to directly capture external charged particles. This method generates electrical signals through the induction of charge. At present, it is mainly used in gas pixel detector(GPD) and particle beam monitoring. In this paper, we
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Experimental analysis of the electric field distribution in semi-insulating GaAs detectors via alpha particles J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 N. Kurucova, A. Šagátová, M. Pavlovič, B. Zaťko, E. Kováčová, P. Boháček, J. Škriniarová, M. Predanocy
Semi-insulating gallium arsenide (SI GaAs) detectors offer a promising alternative to commercially available silicon detectors. They demonstrate superior radiation hardness and provide improved efficiency for gamma and X-ray detection, primarily attributed to their higher density. In this study, we examined 350 μm thick SI GaAs detectors featuring front-side Ti/Pt/Au Schottky contacts with varying
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The CMS Fast Beam Condition Monitor for HL-LHC J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 G. Auzinger, H. Bakhshiansohi, A. Dabrowski, A.G. Delannoy, A. Dierlamm, M. Dragicevic, A. Gholami, G. Gomez, M. Guthoff, M. Haranko, A. Homna, M. Jenihhin, J. Kaplon, O. Karacheban, B. Korcsmáros, W.H. Liu, A. Lokhovitskiy, R. Loos, S. Mallows, J. Michel, V. Myronenko, G. Pásztor, M. Pari, J. Schwandt, M. Sedghi, A. Shevelev, K. Shibin, G. Steinbrueck, D. Stickland, B. Ujvari, G.J. Wegrzyn
The high-luminosity upgrade of the LHC brings unprecedented requirements for real-time and precision bunch-by-bunch online luminosity measurement and beam-induced background monitoring. A key component of the CMS Beam Radiation, Instrumentation and Luminosity system is a stand-alone luminometer, the Fast Beam Condition Monitor (FBCM), which is fully independent from the CMS central trigger and data
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Imaging performance of wide-field X-ray Transient Localization Experiment onboard microsatellite KOYOH J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 T. Sawano, T. Suzuki, D. Yonetoku, M. Arimoto, T. Yoshida, T. Mihara, N. Takahashi
We designed a flight model of the wide field X-ray imager on board the microsat KOYOH, referred to as T-LEX, and investigated its imaging performance through laboratory beam tests. T-LEX employs the coded mask method, wherein the aperture pattern of the mask was selected and fabricated from 50,000 patterns using a Monte Carlo approach. Utilizing the obtained mask along with a silicon strip detector
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Metal wire embrittlement monitoring by the measurement of wire oscillation frequency J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 S.G. Arutunian, G.S. Harutyunyan, L.M. Lazarev, A.V. Margaryan, N.M. Manukyan, E.G. Lazareva, G.V. Mirzoyan, R.S. Gevorgyan, M. Chung, M.V. Korzhik
In the process of irradiation of materials by fluxes of heavy particles (protons, neutrons, alpha particles), damage to material structure is often observed. As a result of the accumulation of such damages, there is a subsequent change in the properties of materials, in particular, its embrittlement and hardening. Monitoring of the embrittlement process is important for nuclear reactor vessels exposed
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The Silicon Charge Detector of the High Energy Cosmic Radiation Detection experiment J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 G. Silvestre, on behalf ofthe HERD SCD collaboration
The High Energy Cosmic Radiation Detector (HERD) is an experiment designed for direct measurement of cosmic rays on the Chinese Space Station in 2027. Its goals include precise measurements of cosmic ray energy spectra, mass composition, electron/positron spectra, cosmic rays anisotropy, gamma ray astronomy and indirect searches for Dark Matter. HERD features a 55X0, homogeneous, 3D segmented imaging
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Monolithic HV-CMOS sensors for a beam monitoring system of therapeutic ion beams J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 B. Topko, M. Balzer, A. Dierlamm, F. Ehrler, U. Husemann, R. Koppenhöfer, I. Perić, M. Pittermann, J. Naumann
Nowadays, cancer treatment with ion beam is well established and studied. This method allows to deposit the maximum dose to the tumor and minimize the damage to healthy tissue, due to the Bragg peak of the ion energy deposition near the end of the particle range. During the treatment, it is possible to provide volumetric dose delivery by changing the particle energy (penetration depth) and adjusting
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Feasibility of improving image performance in photon-counting computed tomography using X-ray spectrum filtration J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Soohyun Lee, Minjae Lee, Hyosung Cho
Photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) is an emerging technology based on new energy-resolving X-ray detectors (photon-counting detectors (PCDs)) that provide promising image performance compared to the conventional energy-integrating CT (EICT). It has the potential to provide higher resolution and contrast, lower radiation dose, and fewer artifacts, which has led to significant research interest
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Front-end RDMA over Converged Ethernet, real-time firmware simulation J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 G. Bortolato, A. Bergnoli, D. Bortolato, D. Mengoni, M. Migliorini, F. Montecassiano, J. Pazzini, A. Triossi, S. Ventura, M. Zanetti
Several physics experiments are moving towards new acquisition models. In this work some ideas to implement Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) directly on the front-end electronics have been explored, part of the computing farm's CPU resources could be freed. New simulation techniques are introduced to understand RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCE) firmware block developed at ETH Zürich, including
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Characteristics and ultra-high total ionizing dose response of 22 nm fully depleted silicon-on-insulator J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Gennaro Termo, Giulio Borghello, Federico Faccio, Kostas Kloukinas, Michele Caselle, Alexander Friedrich Elsenhans, Ahmet Cagri Ulusoy, Adil Koukab, Jean-Michel Sallese
The radiation response of MOS transistors in a 22 nm Fully Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator (FDSOI) technology exposed to ultra-high total ionizing dose (TID) was investigated. Custom structures including n- and p-channel devices with different sizes and threshold voltage flavours were irradiated with X-rays up to a TID of 100 Mrad(SiO2) with different back-gate bias configurations, from -8 V to 2 V.
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Radiation test of commercial of the shelf (COTS) optical transceivers in the frame of the beam position monitor (BPM) consolidation project for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 M. Barros Marin, A. Boccardi, S. Can Ozdogan, S. Danzeca, R. Ferraro, A. Scialdone
The consolidation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) beam position monitor (BPM) requires the deployment of about 5000 single-mode radiation-tolerant optical transmitters, working at 10 Gbps during 20 years of operation. While the use of the custom devices being designed at CERN remains the baseline for the project, 8 commercial of the shelf (COTS) optical transceivers have been evaluated as an alternative
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The data acquisition system for the PANDA Micro-Vertex Detector J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 O. Manzhura, M. Caselle, L.E. Ardila-Perez, D. Calvo, S. Chilingaryan, F. Cossio, T. Dritschler, A. Kopmann, F. Lenta, G. Mazza, M. Peter, V. Sidorenko, P. Staněk, T. Stockmanns, L. Tomášek, N. Tröll, K.L. Unger, H.-G. Zaunick, J. Becker, K.-T. Brinkmann
The PANDA (antiProton ANnihilation at DArmstadt) experiment will study the strong interaction in annihilation reactions between an antiproton beam and a stationary cluster jet target. The PANDA detector will be composed of several sub-detectors designed for tracking, particle identification and calorimetry. The Micro-Vertex Detector (MVD) is the innermost part of the tracking system surrounding the
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Commissioning and operation of the transverse collimation system at the RCS of CSNS J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Shouyan Xu, Kai Zhou, Jianliang Chen, Mingyang Huang, Sheng Wang
In high-intensity proton synchrotrons, controlling beam loss during machine operation is crucial to prevent radiation damage. Uncontrolled beam loss poses a significant challenge in achieving higher beam intensity and power in these synchrotrons. The beam collimation system plays a vital role in removing halo particles and localizing beam loss, serving as a critical tool for controlling uncontrolled
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The OBDT-theta board: time digitization for the theta view of Drift Tubes chambers. J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 J. Sastre, C.F. Bedoya, S. Cuadrado, J. Cuchillo, D. Francia, C. de Lara, A. Navarro, R. Paz, I. Redondo, D. Redondo, on behalf ofthe CMS Muon group
We present the design and performance of the On-Board electronics for the Drift Tubes (OBDT) for the superlayer theta along the direction parallel to the beam-line, the new board built to substitute part of the CMS DT Muon on-detector electronics. The OBDT-theta is responsible for the time digitization of the DT chamber signals for the theta view, allowing further tracking and triggering of the barrel
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Test measurements of an ASIC for X-ray material discrimination by using on-chip time domain integration and a CdTe sensor J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 M. Zoladz, P. Grybos, K. Choręgiewicz
Using time-domain integration (TDI) and a two-dimensional sensor is beneficial for X-ray imaging of moving objects. Applying on-chip instead off-chip TDI decreases the required data throughput between an ASIC and the backend several times [1]. This, in turn, allows us to significantly simplify the ASIC itself as well as the backend. We present the results of test measurements of an ASIC dedicated for
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Design and preliminary test results of the charge sensitive amplifier for gain-less charge readout in high-pressure TPC J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Y. Yang, T. Liang, C. Gao, D. Zhang, K. Chen, H. Wang, J. Liu, L. Liu, Y. Qiao, Z. Hu, X. Sun, X. Tian, Z. Song, G. Huang
This paper presents the design and electrical test results of a low-noise front-end chip (named Topmetal-S) in a High-pressure Time Projection Chamber (TPC) for searching the neutrinoless double beta decay. The Topmetal-S has been fabricated in a 130 nm CMOS technology. The proposed front-end chip consists of a charge collection electrode, a Charge Sensitive Amplifier (CSA) and peripheral circuits
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A multipurpose numerical method for imaging studies and tomographic reconstruction J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 A. Celora, F. Guiotto, F. Caruggi, G. Croci, G. Gorini, G. Grosso, Z. Hu, E. Lazzaro, G. Marcer, M. Nocente, O. Putignano, J. Scionti, F. Scioscioli, M. Tardocchi, A. Muraro
A multipurpose software, called Revolt, has been developed to fully exploit the imaging capabilities of Triple-GEM 2D cameras for X-rays and neutrons detection. Both tomographic inversion techniques and synthetic data production methods are based on the modeling of a transport matrix between the 2D spatially resolved signal on a detector and the 3D signal emission in the experimental space. The core
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Performance profiling and design choices of an RDMA implementation using FPGA devices J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 M. Vasile, V. Iancu, S. Martoiu, G. Stoicea, N. Boukadida, R. Hobincu
RDMA communication is an efficient choice for many applications, such as data acquisition systems, data center networking and any other networking application, where high bandwidth and low latency are necessary. RDMA can be implemented using a large array of options, which need to be tailored to the needed use case, in order to get optimal results. Aspects such as the effects of using multiple simultaneous
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A liquid-phase loop-mode argon purification system J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Christoph Vogl, Mario Schwarz, Patrick Krause, Grzegorz Zuzel, Stefan Schönert
Noble gas and liquid detectors rely on high chemical purity for successful operation. While gaseous purification has emerged as a reliable method of producing high-purity noble fluids, the requirement for large mass flows drives the development of liquid-phase purification. We constructed a medium-scale liquid argon (LAr) purification system based on a copper catalyst and 4 Å molecular sieve capable
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Curvature-bias corrections using a pseudomass method J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 R. Aaij, A.S.W. Abdelmotteleb, C. Abellan Beteta, F. Abudinén, T. Ackernley, B. Adeva, M. Adinolfi, P. Adlarson, C. Agapopoulou, C.A. Aidala, Z. Ajaltouni, S. Akar, K. Akiba, P. Albicocco, J. Albrecht, F. Alessio, M. Alexander, A. Alfonso Albero, Z. Aliouche, P. Alvarez Cartelle, R. Amalric, S. Amato, J.L. Amey, Y. Amhis, L. An, L. Anderlini, M. Andersson, A. Andreianov, P. Andreola, M. Andreotti,
Momentum measurements for very high momentum charged particles, such as muons from electroweak vector boson decays, are particularly susceptible to charge-dependent curvature biases that arise from misalignments of tracking detectors. Low momentum charged particles used in alignment procedures have limited sensitivity to coherent displacements of such detectors, and therefore are unable to fully constrain
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A simulator for Timepix-like pixel front-ends J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 R. Ballabriga Sune, H. Bromberger, M. Campbell, X. Llopart Cudie, P. Christodoulou, V. Sriskaran, L. Tlustos
This work presents the development of a front-end simulation code for the Timepix3 readout chip [1], intended as digitizer stage in full detector simulation. The front-end electronics is modelled using an integrator stage and 3 parallel feedback loops with individually configurable time constants. The main feedback discharging the integrator consists of 3 low-pass filtered feedback loops. The leakage
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Design and commissioning of a Silicon Photomultiplier-based dosimeter for Low Dose Rate (LDR) oncological brachytherapy J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 A. Burdyko, M. Caccia, A. Giaz, R. Santoro, G. Tomaciello
Brachytherapy is a radiotherapy procedure performed with radioactive sources implanted into the patient's body, close to the area affected by cancer. This is a reference procedure for the treatment of prostate and gynecologic cancer due to the reduction of the dose released close to organs at risk (e.g., rectum, bladder, colon). For this reason, real-time dose verification and source localisation are
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Low-energy ion beam diagnostics: an integrated solution J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 A. Adıgüzel, H. Çetinkaya, Ş. Esen, D. Halis, T.B. İlhan, A. Kılıçgedik, S. Oğur, S. Öz, A. Özbey, V.E. Özcan, N.G. Ünel
High gradient accelerator injectors have been widely studied throughout the world-leading accelerator facilities. The demand for high frequency cavities has led the Detector, Accelerator and instrumentation laboratory (KAHVELab) in Istanbul to deploy a four-vane Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) operating at 800 MHz to accelerate 20 keV protons to 2 MeV. The protons from the microwave discharge ion
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Applications of programmable trim quadrupoles on beam commissioning for the CSNS RCS J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Yong Li, Yaoshuo Yuan, Yuwen An, Shouyan Xu, Jianliang Chen, Changdong Deng, Xin Qi, Sheng Wang
The design goal of 100 kW beam power of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) has been successfully achieved in 2020. In order to further increase the beam power more than 100 kW, a total of 16 programmable trim quadrupoles have been installed in the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of CSNS, to achieve accurate adjustment of betatron tunes, better control of twiss parameters, and restoration of
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Develop an automated data acquisition system for TPS correction magnet power supply J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Baosheng Wang, Kuobin Liu, Yongseng Wong, Chenyeo Liu
Taiwan Photon Source is a third-generation 3 GeV synchrotron light source. Since the successful operation of the first beamline in 2013, comprehensive long-term testing and acceptance work has been carried out to ensure the stable operation of various types of correction magnet power supplies, totalling 1038 units. To standardise and save workforce and time for the measurement of correction magnet
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CT image reconstruction via industrial CT fast scanning J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Lijuan Bai, Yirou Du, Chao Long
In automated manufacturing and safety inspection, there is a high demand for fast computed tomography (CT) scanning and image reconstruction. Currently, faster scanning can be achieved by reducing the X-ray exposure time within sparse view CT. The faster scanning strategy introduces significant streak artefacts and noise during the sampling process. Consequently, streak artefacts and noise need to
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Development of a Monte Carlo tool for simulating electron transport in noble liquids J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Yijun Xie, Yi Wang
This study presents a Monte Carlo simulation tool for modeling the transportation processes of thermal electrons in noble liquids, specifically focusing on liquid argon and liquid xenon. The study aims to elucidate the microscopical mechanisms governing the drift and diffusion of electrons within the context of time projection chambers (TPCs), with detailed considerations of coherent electron-atom
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Energy distribution of fragments from H2 and H2 + dissociation by electron impact for the use in numerical models applied to negative ion sources J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 E. Sartori
In negative hydrogen ion sources, the kinetic energy of the atoms is directly related to the negative ion yield at the caesiated converter, with a larger contribution from hot atoms. The energy distribution of hydrogen atoms is related to the formation process: either the kinetic energy release, resulting from dissociation of the hydrogen molecules or molecular ions, or the proton neutralization either
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Testing a Neural Network for Anomaly Detection in the CMS Global Trigger Test Crate during Run 3 J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Noah Zipper, on behalf ofthe CMS collaboration
We present the deployment and testing of an autoencoder trained for unbiased detection of new physics signatures in the CMS Level-1 Global Trigger (GT) test crate during LHC Run 3. The GT test crate is a copy of the main GT system, receiving the same input data, but whose output is not used to trigger the readout of CMS, providing a platform for thorough testing of new trigger algorithms on live data
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Development of a quad-channel high-resolution digital picoammeter for beam diagnostics J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 M.M. Donatti, F.H. Cardoso, L.Y. Tanio
In synchrotron light source applications, the photon beam interaction with various materials can produce electric charge which can be measured as current and be used to diagnose particle trajectories, beam intensity, beam profile, position, and stability. Sirius, a 4th-generation Brazilian synchrotron light source, will make use of hundreds of low-intensity measurement instruments. This work aims to
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Measurement of the photon detection efficiency of Hamamatsu VUV4 SiPMs at cryogenic temperature J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 L. Pérez-Molina
Liquid argon time projection chambers play a crucial role in neutrino oscillation and dark matter experiments. Detecting scintillation light in these chambers is challenging due to the short wavelengths in the VUV range and the extremely low cryogenic temperatures (˜87 K) at which sensors operate. To take advantage of the higher photon detection efficiency (PDE) at the visible range, the use of wavelength
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The development of a laser system for use in the timing performance measurements of CMS HGCAL silicon modules J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 F.A. Khan, M. Noy, A. Steen, F. Monti, S. Ganjour, on behalf ofthe CMS collaboration
For optimal operations in the high radiation and pileup environment of the HL-LHC, the CMS-HGCAL requires precise timing information at the level of 30 ps (RMS) for a particle shower. The time measurement in silicon detector modules is performed using a per-channel time-of-arrival discriminator coupled with charge measurement to correct for the time-walk. The module design includes access holes in
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Test and performance of the CMS ECAL barrel data conversion and digital processing ASIC for HL-LHC J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 C. Borca, on behalf ofthe CMS collaboration
In preparation for the high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider, a new data conversion and digital processing ASIC, called LiTE-DTU, was designed. Implemented in a 65 nm CMOS technology, the LiTE-DTU features two 12-bit 160 MS s-1 successive approximation register time-interleaved ADCs, a data processing unit and enables efficient data transmission at 1.28 Gbps. The LiTE-DTU has undergone
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Time error accumulation in a hierarchical time and clock distribution network with deterministic optical links J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 V. Sidorenko, W.F.J. Müller, D. Emschermann, W. Zabolotny, I. Fröhlich, J. Becker, on behalf ofthe CBM collaboration
Accurate clock and time distribution is a key requirement for self-triggered streaming data acquisition in the CBM experiment. This distribution is handled by the Timing and Fast Control (TFC) system by clock forwarding and broadcasting the common time over latency-deterministic optical links in a hierarchical FPGA network. The point-to-point optical connections are served by the latency-optimized
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ATLAS ITk strip detector for the Phase-II Upgrade J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 H. Herde, on behalf ofthe ATLAS-ITk Strip collaboration
The inner detector of the present ATLAS experiment has been designed and developed to function in the environment of the present Large Hadron Collider (LHC). At the ATLAS Phase-II Upgrade, the particle densities and radiation levels will exceed current levels by a factor of ten. The instantaneous luminosity is expected to reach unprecedented values, resulting in up to 200 proton-proton interactions
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The result of simulation studies of a GEM-based TPC for the inner tracker of Super Charm-Tau Factory Detector at BINP J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 V.K. Vadakeppattu, A.V. Sokolov
The Super Charm Tau Factory (SCTF) is a newly proposed electron-positron collider with an energy range of 2–7 GeV in the center of the mass system and luminosity of about 1035 cm-2s-1, instrumented with Super Charm-Tau Detector. The innermost part of the SCTD is the inner tracker (IT). The main tasks of IT are the extension of the lever arm of the drift chamber, detection of soft hadrons, and reconstruction
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First results on MPGD prototypes in test beam for MPGD-based HCAL at a future Muon Collider experiment J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 A. Colaleo, M. Buonsante, L. Longo, M. Maggi, A. Pellecchia, R. Radogna, F.M. Simone, A. Stamerra, R. Venditti, P.J. Verwilligen, A. Zaza, on behalf ofthe International Muon Collider collaboration
The Multi-TeV Muon Collider will allow significant advancement in particle physics and in the understanding of its Standard Model for the era after the High-Luminosity LHC. The Muon Collider physics program involves precise Higgs boson sector measurements and TeV-scale new physics exploration. These goals demand accurate full-event reconstruction. The Particle Flow algorithm, which utilizes tracking
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An H- surface plasma source for the ESS storage ring J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 V. Dudnikov
For H- charge exchange (stripping) injection to European Spallation Source (ESS) storage ring it is necessary to have H- ion source with a current of ∼90 mA, pulses duration 3 ms, and repetition of 14 Hz (duty factor ∼4%) extendable to repetition up to 28 Hz (df ∼8%). Magnetron surface plasma H- source (SPS) with cesiation and active cathode and anode cooling is one of the possible solutions. Brookhaven
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Design and implementation of neural network based conditions for the CMS Level-1 Global Trigger upgrade for the HL-LHC J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 G. Bortolato, M. Cepeda, J. Heikkilä, B. Huber, E. Leutgeb, D. Rabady, H. Sakulin, on behalf ofthe CMS collaboration
The CMS detector will be upgraded to maintain, or even improve, the physics acceptance under the harsh data taking conditions foreseen during the High-Luminosity LHC operations. In particular, the trigger system (Level-1 and High Level Triggers) will be completely redesigned to utilize detailed information from sub-detectors at the bunch crossing rate: the upgraded Global Trigger will use high-precision
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Front-End Board for large area SiPM detector J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 C. Venettacci, A. Fabbri, F. Petrucci, S.M. Mari, on behalf ofthe JUNO collaboration
Silicon PhotoMultipliers (SiPMs) are widely employed for several applications, such as High Energy Physics experiments, as well as other research and industrial fields. SiPMs operating at low temperature, in particular, are the most interesting application for the new large particle detectors for neutrinos and dark matter experiments. In this work we present a low-noise, high-speed front-end electronics
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System design and prototyping of the CMS Level-1 Trigger at the High-Luminosity LHC J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 T. Williams, on behalf ofthe CMS collaboration
For the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era, the trigger and data acquisition system of the CMS experiment will be entirely replaced. The HL-LHC CMS Level-1 Trigger system will consist of approximately 200 ATCA boards featuring Xilinx UltraScale+ FPGAs connected by 25 Gb/s optical links. These boards will process over 60 Tb/s of detector data within 9.5 μs of the collision to select up to 750 kHz of events
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The quality control programme for ITk strip tracker module assembly J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 A. Tishelman-Charny, on behalf ofthe ATLAS ITk collaboration
The assembly of the ATLAS Inner Tracker requires the construction of 19,000 silicon strip sensor detector modules in eight different geometries. Modules will be assembled and tested at 31 institutes on four continents from sensors, readout chips, and flexes. In order to adhere to the module specifications defined for sufficient tracking performance, a rigorous programme of quality control (QC) was
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Improving noise characteristics using a modified image pyramid with guided filtering and Bayesian shrinkage threshold in low-dose animal radiography J. Instrum. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Woosung Kim, Jiyong Shim, Younghwan Lim, Hyosung Cho, Taehee Han
Radiography is a commonly used diagnostic tool in animal practice to provide clinical information. The recent market for animal radiography is rapidly growing owing to the increasing awareness of the welfare of companion animals and the expansion of animal clinics. As the clinical use of radiography in animal hospitals has grown rapidly, radiologists continuously seek ways to reduce the radiation dose