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Influence of low-level tannin supplementation on comparative growth-performance of Holstein and Angus x Holstein cross calf-fed concentrate-based finishing diets for 328 days J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Pedro H V Carvalho, Brooke C Latack, Marcos V C Ferraz, Lester J R P Nolasco, Willi R Meireles, Heitor O M Oliveira, Richard A Zinn
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of tannin and monensin supplementation in feedlot diets and breed (Holstein vs. Angus × Holstein) on growth performance, energetic efficiency, and carcass characteristics. Eighty purebred Holstein calves (HOL; initial body weight (BW) = 130 ± 5 kg) and eighty Angus × Holstein calves (AXH; initial BW = 129 ± 6 kg) were blocked by initial
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Effects of Different Supplemental Levels of Protease DE200 on the Production Performance, Egg Quality and Cecum Microflora of Laying Hens J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Peiran Cai, Shiqi Liu, Yuang Tu, Dabo Fu, Wei Zhang, Xixi Zhang, Ying Zhou, Tizhong Shan
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of the protease DE200TM on the performance, egg quality, organ index and cecum microflora of Hy-line W36 laying hens. In this experiment, a total of 180 laying hens aged 300 days were randomly divided into three treatment groups and fed diets containing 0, 100 or 200 g/t DE200. The experimental period was eight weeks, including two weeks
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HEADING: 5-hydroxytryphophan mitigates ergot alkaloid J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-23 Eriton E L Valente, James L Klotz, Ryana C Markmann, J Lannett Edwards, David L Harmon
The impact of ergot toxicosis on livestock industries is detrimental and treatments are needed in many countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of acute exposure to ergot alkaloids and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) supplementation on feed intake, serotonin metabolism and blood metabolites in cattle. Eight Holstein steers (538 ± 18 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a
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Optimal protein concentration in diets for sows during the transition period J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Jakob C Johannsen, Martin T Sørensen, Peter K Theil, Thomas S Bruun, Chantal Farmer, Takele Feyera
The aim of present study was to determine the optimal concentration of dietary protein required in transition diets for multiparous sows that enhance the farrowing process, colostrum production, and subsequent lactation performance. Forty-eight multiparous sows were allotted to one of six dietary treatments according to bodyweight (290 ± 3 kg) and parity (3.8 ± 0.2) from d 108 of gestation until 24
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Effects of heating soybeans on postruminal amino acid bioavailability, performance, and ruminal fermentation in lactating cows J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 E A Petzel, S Acharya, E C Titgemeyer, E A Bailey, D W Brake
Soybeans can provide ruminally degradable protein, lipid and metabolizable amino acid (AA) to lactating dairy cows; however, soy-based trypsin inhibitors can limit protein digestion in nonruminants. Eight ruminally cannulated lactating Holstein cows were used to evaluate the impacts of soy-based trypsin inhibitors on nutrient disappearance, lactation, and plasma AA bioavailability. Treatments were
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Improving Feed Intake and Rumen Fermentation in Lambs Using Mixed-Dimensional Attapulgite Clay to Adsorb Naturally-Occurring Mycotoxins J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Liang Chen, Fei Li, Zhiyuan Ma, Aiqin Wang, Yuru Kang, Baocang Liu, Hui Xu, Jiandong Li, Xinji Wang, Kaidong Li
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of including a mixed-dimensional attapulgite clay (MDA) into a naturally moldly diet for Hu lambs. Fifty male Hu lambs with similar initial body weight (28.24 ± 1.80 kg) were randomly allocated into five dietary treatments: a basal diet containing naturally occurring mycotoxins with 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kg/t MDA, and basal diet with a commercial
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Effects of dietary protein level on intestinal function and inflammation in nursery pigs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Sarah C Pearce, Mitchell J Nisley, Brian J Kerr, Chris Sparks, Nicholas K Gabler
High crude protein (CP; 21-26%) diets fed during the first 21 to 28 d post-weaning are viewed negatively because of a perceived increase in the incidence rates of diarrhea due to increased intestinal protein fermentation and/or augmented enteric pathogen burden. This is thought to antagonize nursery pig health and growth performance. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the impact of low vs. high
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Magnitude and persistence of higher estrus associated temperatures in beef heifers and suckled cows J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Megan D Mills, Abigayle B Pollock, Ian E Batey, Michael A O’Neil, F Neal Schrick, Rebecca R Payton, Sarah E Moorey, Pablo Fioravanti, Will Hipsher, Saulo M Zoca, J Lannett Edwards
Higher estrus associated temperatures (HEAT) are a hallmark feature in sexually active females. The overarching aim of this study was to characterize the variability, magnitude, and persistence of HEAT in heifers and suckled beef cows as well as identify associated factors when occurring during thermoneutral conditions at the onset of the spring breeding season. In both heifers and cows, estrus was
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L-DOPA attenuates the feed intake reduction caused by ergot alkaloids in cattle J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Eriton E L Valente, James L Klotz, Ryana C Markmann, Ronald J Trotta, J Lannett Edwards, John B May, David L Harmon
Consumption of ergot alkaloids from endophyte-infected tall fescue results in losses to the livestock industry in many countries and a means to mitigate these losses is needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate intra-abomasal infusion of the dopamine precursor, levodopa (L-DOPA), on dopamine metabolism, feed intake, and serum metabolites of steers exposed to ergot alkaloids. Twelve Holstein
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The Effects of Including Sprouted Barley with Alfalfa Hay in the Diet on Ruminal Health and Performance of Cow-Calf Pairs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Zachary Cal Crump, Anthony Fernando Alberto, Bailee Lynn Brown, Bryce Wayne Roholt, Lillian Lelehua Okamoto, Mia Lynn Sego, Ryan Arthur Spurling, Robert Edward Ward, Brady Morris Blackett, Robert Lynn Harding, Sanjeewa Dilshan Ranathunga, Kara Jean Thornton
The world population is growing exponentially, increasing demand to produce high-quality protein for human consumption. Changes in weather patterns, drought, and decreased land resources due to urbanization have increased strain on the agriculture sector to meet world demands. An alternative method to combat these issues and continue to produce high-quality livestock feed would be through a controlled
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Sustainable Pig Diets: Partial Grain Replacement with Former Food Products and its impact on Meat Quality J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Marco Tretola, Sharon Mazzoleni, Paolo Silacci, Sébastien Dubois, Cristina Proserpio, Ella Pagliarini, Cristian EM Bernardi, Luciano Pinotti, Giuseppe Bee
This study investigated the effects of salty and sugary Former Foodstuff Products (FFPs) on the quality traits and meat composition of 36 male castrated pigs (Swiss Large White breed) as well as sensory characteristics of the loins. The animals were fed three different diets for both the growing (G) and finishing (F) phases: (1) a standard diet (ST), 0% FFPs; (2) a diet with 30% of sugary FFPs (e.g
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Genetic parameters for carcass traits of progeny of beef bulls mated to dairy cows J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 John W Keele, Blake A Foraker, Ryan Boldt, Chip Kemp, Larry A Kuehn, Dale R Woerner
Beef × dairy crossbred cattle (n=615) were used to evaluate the effect of pre-harvest indicator traits and genotypes on accuracy of estimated breeding values (EBV) of seedstock candidates for selection. Genotypes for 100,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were provided by the American Simmental Association of purebred and crossbred seedstock animals (n=2,632). Five hundred ninety-five of the
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Parental betaine supplementation promotes gosling growth with epigenetic modulation of IGF gene family in the liver J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Shuai Ma, Yan Wang, Liang Chen, Wenzheng Wang, Xinjuan Zhuang, Yuelong Liu, Ruqian Zhao
Betaine is widely used as a feed additive in the chicken industry to promote laying performance and growth performance, yet it is unknown whether betaine can be used in geese to improve the laying performance of goose breeders and the growth traits of offspring goslings. In this study, laying goose breeders at 39 weeks of age were fed basal (Control, CON) or betaine-supplemented diets at low (2.5 g/kg
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Calcium trafficking and gastrointestinal physiology following an acute lipopolysaccharide challenge in pigs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 J Opgenorth, E J Mayorga, M A Abeyta, B M Goetz, S Rodriguez-Jimenez, A D Freestone, C H Stahl, L H Baumgard
The influence of systemic immune activation on whole-body Ca trafficking and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) physiology are not clear. Thus, study objectives were to characterize the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on Ca pools and GIT dynamics to increase understanding of immune-induced hypocalcemia, ileus and stomach hemorrhaging. Twelve crossbred pigs [44 ± 3 kg body weight (BW)] were randomly assigned
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Feather meal processing methods impact the production parameters, blood biochemical indices, gut function, and hepatic enzyme activity in broilers J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Hassan Safari, Ardeshir Mohit, Maziar Mohiti-Asli
This study investigated the effects of feather meal (FM) processing methods on production parameters, blood biochemical indices, intestinal morphology, digestive and hepatic enzyme activities, and gastrointestinal tract pH and microflora of broilers. A total of 480-day-old male broilers were used for 42 days in a completely randomized design with eight treatments and five replicates (12 chicks/replicate)
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Genetic parameters for yearling male reproduction traits in tropical composite cattle population J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Madeliene L Facy, Michelle L Hebart, Helena Oakey, Rudi A McEwin, Wayne S Pitchford
Fertility is economically important but is hard to quantify and measure in breeding programs which has led extensive breeding programs to ignore fertility in their selection criteria. While female fertility traits have been extensively researched, male fertility traits have been largely ignored. It is estimated that 20 to 40% of bulls have sub-fertility, reducing the number of calves born and profits
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Lightweight model-based sheep face recognition via face image recording channel J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Xiwen Zhang, Chuanzhong Xuan, Yanhua Ma, Haiyang Liu, Jing Xue
The accurate identification of individual sheep is a crucial prerequisite for establishing digital sheep farms and precision livestock farming. Currently, deep learning technology provides an efficient and non-contact method for sheep identity recognition. In particular, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can be used to learn features of sheep faces to determine their corresponding identities. However
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Effects of a novel dental chew on oral health outcomes, halitosis, and microbiota of adult dogs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Patricia M Oba, Kelly M Sieja, Amy Schauwecker, Amy J Somrak, Teodora S Hristova, Stephanie C J Keating, Kelly S Swanson
Halitosis in dogs is an initial indication of periodontitis, highlighting its significance as a vital marker for underlying problems. Moreover, the oral microbial population has a significant influence on periodontal disease. Measuring the oral microbiota may be used in addition to breath odor, dental plaque, and gingivitis scoring to assess the impact of dental chews on oral health. In this study
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Efficacy of a novel multi-enzyme feed additive on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut microbiome of weanling pigs fed corn-wheat or wheat-barley based diet J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Ayodeji S Aderibigbe, Chan Sol Park, Timothy Johnson, Deepak E Velayudhan, Ester Vinyeta, Olayiwola Adeola
One-hundred-and-ninety-two weanling pigs (6.7 kg BW) were used to evaluate the impact of a carbohydrases-protease enzyme complex (CPEC) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut microbiome. Pigs were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments for 42 d according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of diet type [low fiber (LF) or high fiber (HF)] and CPEC supplementation (0 or 170 mg/kg diet). The
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Impacts of preweaning colostrum feeding practices and health measures on dairy cow production, while accounting for genetic potential J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Elizah D McFarland, Ibrahim Elsohaby, Christine F Baes, Henrik Stryhn, Gregory Keefe, J T McClure
Calf management and health are essential for setting up the foundation of a productive cow. The objectives of this study were to estimate the impact of preweaning practices on milk production parameters while accounting for an animal’s genetic potential in New Brunswick, Canada. A retrospective cohort study was performed on 220 heifer calves from eight herds born in 2014-2015. Preweaning practices
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The influence of steroidal implants and manganese sulfate supplementation on growth performance, trace mineral status, hepatic gene expression, hepatic enzyme activity, and circulating metabolites in feedlot steers J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Dathan T Smerchek, Emma L Rients, Amy M McLaughlin, Jacob A Henderson, Brock M Ortner, Kara J Thornton, Stephanie L Hansen
Angus-cross steers (n = 144; 359 kg ± 13.4) were used to assess the effect of dietary Mn and steroidal implants on performance, TM status, hepatic enzyme activity, hepatic gene expression, and serum metabolites. Steers (n = 6/pen) were stratified by BW in a 3 × 2 factorial. GrowSafe bunks recorded individual feed intake (experimental unit = steer; n = 24/treatment). Dietary treatments included (MANG;
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Development of an Experimental Model for Liver Abscess Induction in Holstein Steers Using an Acidotic Diet Challenge and Bacterial Inoculation J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Zach S McDaniel, Kristin E Hales, Harith Salih, Alyssa Deters, Xiaorong Shi, T G Nagaraja, Ty E Lawrence, Travis C Tennant, Raghavendra G Amachawadi, Jeff A Carroll, Nicole C Burdick Sanchez, Michael L Galyean, Taylor M Smock, Michael A Ballou, Vinicius S Machado, Emily Davis, Paul R Broadway
Holstein steers (n = 40; initial BW = 84.9 ± 7.1 kg) were used to study the genesis of liver abscesses (LA) using an acidotic diet challenge with or without intraruminal bacterial inoculation. Steers were housed in individual pens inside a barn and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) low-starch control diet comprised primarily of dry-rolled corn and wet corn gluten feed (CON); 2) high-starch
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A comparative analysis of GIT barrier function and immune markers in gilt vs sow progeny at birth and weaning J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Udani A Wijesiriwardana, John R Pluske, Jessica R Craig, John B Furness, Mitchell Ringuet, Linda J Fothergill, Frank R Dunshea, Jeremy J Cottrell
Progeny born to primiparous sows (gilt progeny; GP) have lower birth, weaning and slaughter weights than sow progeny (SP). GP also have reduced gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, as evidenced by lower organ weights. Therefore, the aim of this experiment was to quantify changes in GIT barrier function that occur birth and weaning, representing two major challenges to the young piglet. The effects
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Effect of continuous or intermittent feeding of ergot contaminated grain in a mash or pelleted form on the performance and health of feedlot beef steers J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 M R Reynolds, K Stanford, D M Meléndez, K S Schwartzkopf-Genswein, T A McAllister, B R Blakley, J J McKinnon, G O Ribeiro
This study evaluated the effect of feeding ergot contaminated grain continuously or intermittently through backgrounding (BG) and finishing (FN) in a mash or pelleted supplement on the growth performance, health and welfare parameters, and carcass characteristics of feedlot beef steers. Sixty black Angus steers (300 ±29.4 kg BW) were used in a complete randomized 238-d study. Steers were stratified
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The effects of hydrolyzed protein on macronutrient digestibility, fecal metabolites and microbiota, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers, and skin and coat quality in adult dogs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Clare Hsu, Fabio Marx, Ryan Guldenpfennig, Negin Valizadegan, Maria R C de Godoy
Research on protein hydrolysates has observed various properties and functionalities on ingredients depending on the type of hydrolysate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydrolyzed chicken protein that was incorporated into diets on digestibility, gut health, skin and coat health, oxidative stress, and intestinal inflammation markers in healthy adult dogs. Five complete and
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Identification and characterization of unknown disturbances in a structured population using high-throughput phenotyping data and measurement of robustness: application to growing pigs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Vincent Le, Tom Rohmer, Ingrid David
Improving the robustness of animals has become a priority in breeding due to climate change, new societal demands and the agroecological transition. Components of animal robustness can be extracted from the analysis of the adaptive response of an animal to disturbance using longitudinal data. Nonetheless, this response is a function of animal robustness as well as of disturbance characteristics (intensity
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Maternal protein supplementation during mid-gestation improves offspring performance and metabolism in beef cows J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Karolina B Nascimento, Matheus C Galvão, Javier A M Meneses, German D Ramírez-Zamudio, Douglas G Pereira, Pedro V R Paulino, Daniel R Casagrande, Tathyane R S Gionbelli, Marcio M Ladeira, Marcio S Duarte, Juan J Loor, Mateus P Gionbelli
This study examined the impact of maternal protein supplementation during mid-gestation on offspring, considering potential sex-related effects. Forty-three pregnant purebred Tabapuã beef cows (20 female; 23 male fetuses) were collectively managed in a pasture until 100 days of gestation. From 100 to 200 days of gestation, they were randomly assigned to the Restricted group [(RES) - basal diet (75%
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88 Impacts of trace mineral source and ancillary drench on steer performance during a 60-day backgrounding phase J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Madeline McKnight, Kelsey M Harvey, Brandi B Karisch, Juan C Cordero, Mason Drewery, Libby S Durst, Eduardo Colombo, Reinaldo F Cooke, Jason R Russell
This experiment evaluated the impacts of supplementing organic complexed Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn on productive and health responses of high-risk beef cattle during a 60-d backgrounding phase. Crossbred steers (n = 120) were purchased at auction and transported to the experimental facility. Steer BW was recorded at arrival (d -1; initial shrunk BW = 227.7 ± 1.3 kg). On d 0, steers were ranked by BW and allocated
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136 Evaluation of internal parasite burden in grazing beef cattle in North Carolina over a production lifecycle J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Katherine G Williams, Carrie L Pickworth, Andrew R Weaver, Daniel H Poole
Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasite infections can be detrimental to not only cattle health and immunity, but also result in economic loss and poor performance. Cattle grazing in the southeast are challenged even further by the favorable environmental conditions for parasite development, especially those animals who have yet to develop an immunity to combat parasitism. To diminish potential economic
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72 Comparison of Myotonic, Kiko, and Spanish Sires for Meat Goat Doe-Kid Traits J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Emily G Hayes, Heather Meador, Richard Browning
Myotonic goats are a small-framed heritage breed known for the condition myotonia congenita which causes a prolonged contraction of their muscles when startled. There is a potential for them to be utilized in commercial meat goat systems within the United States. This study evaluated the effect of Myotonic sires on kid preweaning and doe reproductive traits across a 2-yr period. Myotonic (n = 6) and
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144 Utilizing invasive pigweed (Amaranthus Spinosus) as a novel methane mitigation strategy in beef cattle feed: A sustainable approach J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Wilmer Cuervo, Camila Gomez, Ignacio Fernandez-Marenchino, Araceli B Maderal, Federico Tarnonsky, Cristian Erazo-Mendes, Tessa M Schulmeister, Nicolas DiLorenzo
By 2050, the US beef industry must produce an extra 40 million tons of beef to satisfy the global demand, while reducing methane (CH4) emissions. This surplus of cattle will be provided mostly by cow-calf operations, which rely primarily on grazing. Those pastures are often infested with weeds such as pigweed (Amaranthus spinosus), one of the most invasive in the US, known for its increased polyphenols
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4 Utilizing SmartFeed Pro and SuperSmart Feeders for applied beef cattle research J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Timothy DelCurto, Sam Wyffels
Designing research for applied beef cattle production systems has always presented challenges for Land Grant University and USDA Scientist. Specifically, creating study designs that have enough replication for statistical inference has often prompted scientists to use designs that do not closely replicate actual production systems. Past research has often used multiple replications (pens/paddocks/pastures)
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131 Selenium-form effects on hepatic function and selenoprotein mRNAs in the early pregnant heifer J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Jordan Jackson, Elizabeth Stamper, Benjamin Crites, Kwangwon Son, Sarah Carr, Phillip Bridges
Selenium (Se) is an integral component of selenoproteins, with effective scavenging of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) by selenoproteins necessary to protect cells from oxidative stress. Due to the presence of Se-deficient soils in large portions of the US, including the southeast cow-calf producing states, grazed forages are insufficient in this trace mineral and dietary supplementation is recommended
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28 Investigating the effects of Chromium Propionate supplementation on reproductive performance of beef cows J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Trinity Vidlund, Hannah Craun, Camille Mitchell, John Currin, Jamie L Stewart, Sherrie Clark, Tracey Redifer, Vitor R G Mercadante
The objective of this study was to explore the effects on reproductive performance of beef cows supplemented with Chromium Propionate during the post-partum and breeding periods. A total of 955 multiparous suckled beef cows located at eight locations were enrolled in the study. Within location cows were stratified based on parity, body condition score (BCS), and days postpartum (DPP) and randomly assigned
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121 Unraveling the biology of bovine conceptus elongation J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Gabriela Lamberti, Anna K Goldkamp, Maria Lopes, Nicole Bonmann, Samuel Van Rhijn, Darren E Hagen, Joao Moraes
The establishment of pregnancy is a well-regulated process that involves the development of a viable blastocyst, conceptus elongation, maternal recognition of pregnancy, implantation, and the onset of placentation. Pregnancy loss is a major factor limiting reproductive efficiency in livestock species. In cattle, most embryonic losses occur during the first month of gestation. The genetic and epigenetic
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107 Bacterial direct-fed microbial mixtures effects on beef cattle ruminal degradability kinetics J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DeAnja A McLain, Jhones O Sarturi, Kaliu G Silva, Bradley J Johnson, Barbara Rodrigues, Marie Goulais, Juliana Pessoni, Beatriz Reis
The effects of bacterial direct-fed microbial (DFM) mixtures on beef cattle ruminal degradability were evaluated. Six ruminally cannulated beef steers (BW = 520 ± 30 kg) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design and offered a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet to ad libitum intake during three, 28-d periods. Treatments were: 1) Control (no DFM, lactose carrier only); 2) Treat-A (L. animalis
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57 Impact of Cache Valley Virus in an Arkansas sheep flock J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Joan M Burke, Erin Wood, Charles Lee, Ann Carpenter, Noah Kojima, Anna Fagre, Amanda Calvert, Elisa Thrasher, Stacey Martin, Erin Staples, Carolyn Gould
Cache Valley Virus (CVV) is an arbovirus transmitted between mosquitos and several vertebrate species, including small ruminants. Infections in adult sheep and goats is generally subclinical, but infection during pregnancy is a growing animal welfare issue as it can result in embryo or pregnancy loss, fetal malformation, and dystocia. Diagnosis in fetal tissue or neonates is made using serologic or
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92 Rearing system influenced the performance, GI-parasite burden, and immune profile of pregnant does during winter J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Sadikshya Lamsal, Uma Karki, Santoshi Chaudhary, Durga P Dhakal, Bidur Paneru
Small ruminants in the Southeast are predominantly raised outdoors, regardless of seasons and associated weather conditions. Severe weather in winter can decline the performance of pregnant animals and compromise their performance and immunological states. Indoor raising of pregnant animals during winter may minimize the adverse effect of cold stress; however, such potential has not been evaluated
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15 Influence of early progesterone removal on follicular development, estrus expression, and pregnancy rates in presynchronized beef cows J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Samir Burato, Madison B Walker, Lucas M Goncalves, Nicola Oosthuizen, Saulo M Zoca, Francine M Ciriaco, Darren D Henry, Juliana Ranches, Pedro L P Fontes
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of early progesterone removal on pregnancy rates to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in presynchronized beef cows. Postpartum beef cows (n = 922; body condition score = 4.9 ± 0.77; days postpartum = 77.3 ± 20.77 d) from 7 locations were enrolled in a completely randomized design. Within location, cows were stratified by parity and days
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117 Supplementation with soy hull during late gestation and lactation on parasite indicators in hair sheep ewes J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 MacKenzie Robertson, Dahlia J O'Brien, Stephan A Wildeus, Javin Davis, Kwame Matthews
Before lambing and up to 8 wk during lactation, ewes experience a temporary loss of immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). This can result in a periparturient increase in fecal egg counts (FEC) along with clinical symptoms of parasitism. This increase in FEC can lead to greater larval numbers on pasture, consequently exposing lambs to a greater level of infection that can impair production.
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Supplemental trace minerals as complexed or inorganic sources for beef cattle during the receiving period J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Robin A Cheek, Elizabeth B Kegley, Jason R Russell, Jana L Reynolds, Kirsten A Midkiff, Doug Galloway, Jeremy G Powell
To investigate effects of inorganic or complexed trace mineral source (zinc, copper, manganese, and cobalt) on receiving period performance and morbidity, crossbred beef heifer calves (n = 287) arriving on 3 delivery dates were used in a 42-day receiving trial. Heifers were processed after arrival, stratified by d -1 body weights (BW) and allocated randomly to 8 pens (11 to 13 heifers/pen, 24 pens
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61 Determining in vivo and in vitro predatory activity of Duddingtonia flagrans and interaction with dietary coccidiostat J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Joan M Burke, Suman Rohila, Katherine Petersson, Elizabeth Kass, Adriano Vatta, James E Miller
A nematode trapping fungus, Duddingtonia flagrans (Df), fed to sheep is useful for biocontrol of gastrointestinal nematodes on pasture. The objectives were: 1) validate methods to determine viability of a commercial source of Df before beginning research studies, and 2) examine the interaction between Df and dietary coccidiostat (as decoquinate). Methods: Study 1: In Jan 2023, weaned Katahdin lambs
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2 Number of spot samples required when using the GreenFeed System in grazing beef cows J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Elizabeth Dressler, Jennifer M Bormann, Robert Weaber, Megan M Rolf
Methane (CH4) production from beef cattle occurs through a natural digestive process called enteric fermentation. This has increasingly become an area of focus due to environmental and efficiency concerns. There are several techniques to quantify gas fluxes from beef cattle such as an open circuit gas quantification system (OCGQS). The GreenFeed (C-Lock, Inc.) is an OCGQS, which has been validated
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161 Effects of Sericea Lespedeza Supplementation on Steers Grazing Wild-Type Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Sanjok Poudel, Gabriel J Pent, John H Fike, Brittany Harlow, Wayne Zeller
Fescue toxicosis poses a significant challenge to the United States beef industry, resulting in considerable economic losses. This syndrome arises from the consumption of tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceous) infected with the wild-type endophyte (WE; Epichloe coenophiala), which produces toxic alkaloids. The most effective solution for mitigating fescue toxicosis is renovating WE tall fescue pastures
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101 Effects of moderate exercise regimen on reproductive development of replacement beef heifers reared in drylots at a high stocking density J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Autumn Pickett, Reinaldo F Cooke, Logan W Rahmel, Shea Mackey, Mason Drewery, Juan Cordero, Teegan Mackey, Courtney L Daigle, Thiago Martins, Kelsey M Harvey
This experiment evaluated growth and reproductive development of beef heifers reared at a high stocking density and provided with access to an exercise area. The experiment was replicated over 2 yr, with a total of 180 Angus × Brahman heifers. Each year, 90 heifers were ranked by age (264 ± 1 d) and body weight (BW; 200 ± 2 kg) on d 0, and assigned to a) 1 of 6 drylot pens (10 × 14 m pens; 10 heifers/pen)
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41 Social and institutional trust: A comparison between non-associated and associated producers in Southeast Brazil J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Beatriz Reis, Adrieli Casado, Elaine Bernardes, Celso Miasaku, DeAnja A McLain, Otavio France, Jhones O Sarturi
The social and institutional trust between two groups of dairy producers in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil was evaluated. The entity used in this comparison was the Rural Producers Association (RPA), in which two groups were formed: a) RPA members (AG); and b) RPA non-members (NAG). The questionnaire developed used model questions from the World Values Survey. Among a total of 38 producer-members of
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5 Farm-level management practices in forage-based beef cattle systems and their influence on sustainability J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 M Kim Mullenix, William B Smith, Sandra L Dillard, Jose D Pereira Neto
Sustainability is a ‘buzzword’ often used within and outside of the agriculture industry. Southeastern beef cow-calf and stocker operations often utilize management practices which embody the core definition of sustainability to improve land resource, economic, and social viability. In forage-based production systems, year-round management practices are generally viewed by the scientific community
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80 Effect of copper bolus administration on circulating copper concentration, blood metabolites and parasite load J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Tyler K Harmonson, Andrew M Cassens, Walter F Owsley, Cheyenne L Runyan, Edward Webb, Kimberly B Wellmann
In Texas and Southeastern United States Cu concentration in the soil is in the lower 50th percentile, this leads low bioavailability of copper for livestock. Therefore, a 70-d completely randomized block design study was conducted to determine the effects of Cu and fecal egg count in grazing beef cows (n = 40). Cows were blocked by parity and body weight (BW) then randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments:
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148 Supplementing Bovacillus to newly weaned beef steers during a 90-d grazing period J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Reinaldo F Cooke, Shea Mackey, Autumn Pickett, Eduardo Colombo, Bruno I Cappellozza, Brandi B Karisch, Kelsey M Harvey
This experiment compared performance, health, and physiological responses of high-risk stocker cattle receiving a Bacillus subtilis derivative during a 90-d grazing period. Crossbred steers (n = 120) were obtained from an auction yard and transported to the experimental facility. Steer shrunk body weight (BW) was recorded at arrival (d -1). This value was averaged with BW recorded on d 0 to represent
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96 The effect of embryo stage and biopsy on embryo viability J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Kenleigh N Wells, Tommy L Perkins
The importance of embryo biopsy is running a 50K genomic test will be completed on the DNA biopsy, giving us the ability to collect genetic prediction data before the calf is even born. The objective of this study was to compare the viability of bovine embryos (n = 24) at different stages of embryo maturation, after microblade biopsy and embryo transfer. This process was achieved by taking a small
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104 Maternal pre- and post-partum supplementation of Bacillus-based DFM enhanced cow and calf performance J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Vinicius S Izquierdo, Bruno I Cappellozza, João V L Silva, Giovanna C M Santos, Andre Miranda, João H J Bittar, Autumn Pickett, Shea Mackey, Reinaldo F Cooke, João M B Vendramini, Philipe Moriel
This study evaluated the effects of maternal supplementation of Bacillus-based direct-fed microbials (DFM) on physiology and growth performance of Bos indicus-influenced cow-calf pairs. On d 0 (~139 d before expected calving date), 72 fall-calving, Brangus crossbred beef heifers (25 to 37.5% Bos indicus; 20 to 22 mo of age) pregnant with their first offspring were stratified by their initial body weight
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111 First Kiko Buck Performance Test in Mississippi J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Nicolas Marchant, Kelsey Mazeres, Jill DeGayner, Alex Shook, Rhonda C Vann, Trent Smith, Rocky Lemus, Leyla Rios
Kiko is a meat breed of goats originating from New Zealand, they are recognized for their hardiness and parasite resistance. There is a lack of information on economically important traits for this breed in the US, particularly in the Southeast. The Kiko buck performance test allows producers to make educated breeding decisions through impartial data. These tests have occurred in the United States
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156 In-situ degradability of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plant components in cattle J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Alyssa Lopez, Emma Fukuda, Greyson Fruge, Merritt L Drewery
The 2014 and 2018 Farm Bills defined hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) as an agricultural commodity and removed it from the controlled substances list, developing a pathway for commercialization and increasing interest in cultivating hemp in the United States. Demand for therapeutic, cannabinoid-based hemp products is increasing, and, as not all of the plant components are utilized for these products, there
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99 Diversity of vaginal bacteria in lactating dairy cattle on pregnancy establishment J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Dallas R Soffa, Ashton Dodd, Jennifer A Spencer, Rebecca K Poole
Establishment and maintenance of pregnancy has a substantial economic impact within the dairy industry each year. Recent research has indicated a potential role of the reproductive microbiome on impacting pregnancy status as a result of hormone concentrations and breeding strategies. However, the association between alpha (within sample metric) and beta (between samples metric) bacterial diversity
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50 Effects of cottonseed supplementation on the rumen microbiota of parasite-challenged meat goats J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Peixin Fan, Lindsey N Dearborn, Chuan-yu Hsu, Bernard Brandon, Leyla Rios de Alvarez
Cotton serves as a vital economic driver within the agricultural sector of Mississippi. The seeds of cotton are rich in fat and protein content, making them a cost-effective alternative to soybean meal and other expensive protein sources. Additionally, cottonseed is the primary source of gossypol, a phenolic compound with significant potential for natural parasite control. The rumen microbiota, a diverse
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116 In-situ degradability of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plant components in cattle J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Alyssa Lopez, Emma Fukuda, Greyson Fruge, Merritt L Drewery
The 2014 and 2018 Farm Bills defined hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) as an agricultural commodity and removed it from the controlled substances list, developing a pathway for commercialization and increasing interest in cultivating hemp in the United States. Demand for therapeutic, cannabinoid-based hemp products is increasing, and, as not all of the plant components are utilized for these products, there
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87 Functional rumen microbiological survey of triplet-bearing Polypay ewes from parturition to weaning J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Katherine G Purvis, Jennifer R Weinert-Nelson, Donald G Ely, John May, Michael D Flythe, Tracy A Hamilton, Jessica L Ferrell, Brittany E Davis
Ewes transitioning from late gestation to early lactation face a number of challenges including physiological stress, dietary changes, and metabolic adaptations, particularly when bearing and rearing multiple offspring. Furthermore, rumen microbial composition and function has been correlated with milk production and nutrient density in transitioning dairy cows. However, limited research has evaluated
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130 Effect of an appeasing substance application on growth, stress, handling quality and reproduction of Bos indicus beef heifers synchronized to fixed-time AI J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Eduardo Assis de Lima, Marcelo Vedovatto, Fabio Farias, Juliana Ranches, Matheus Ferreira, Bruno I Cappellozza, Osvaldo Souza, Gumercindo L Loriano Franco
This experiment evaluated the effects of an analogue of bovine appeasing substance (BAS) on growth, stress, handling quality, and reproduction of Nellore heifers. Twenty-nine heifers [body condition score (BCS) = 4.84 ± 0.13; body weight (BW) = 371 ± 0.77 kg; 23 ± 2 months of age)] were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) Saline solution (0.9 NaCl; n = 14) or BAS (Secure Cattle, IRSEA Group, Quartier
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81 Effect of thymol on intake and digestion in beef cattle J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Emma Fukuda, Merritt L Drewery, Russell Jessup
Reducing enteric methanogenesis has been an area of focus and significance as methane emissions from cattle contribute to climate change and represent a loss of dietary-derived energy. Methane mitigation strategies have been widely researched, but most are limited in practical value due to associated diminishments in animal performance. One strategy, dietary supplementation of essential oils, has demonstrated
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145 The effect of a plant secondary metabolite blend on energy metabolism and nutrient balance of beef cattle consuming low-quality warm season grass hay J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Emily A Petzel, Eric Bailey, Derek W Brake
Plant secondary metabolites (PSM) such as condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins, saponins and essential oils purportedly impact rumen fermentation at low inclusion rates in beef cattle diets. Twelve steers (347 ± 23 kg BW) of British and continental influence were allocated to 1 of 4 replicated 3 x 3 Latin squares. Latin squares each had 14 d periods (10 d adaptation and 4 d for sample collection)