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Effect of formalin-fixation and paraffin-embedded tissue storage times on RNAscope in situ hybridization signal amplification J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Megan E. Colburn, Martha A. Delaney, Gretchen C. Anchor, Karen A. Terio
RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) detects target RNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Protocols suggest that prolonged FFPE storage and formalin fixation may impact signal detection, potentially limiting the utility of RNAscope ISH in retrospective studies. To develop parameters for RNAscope use with archived specimens, we evaluated the effect of formalin-fixation time by measuring
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Intrahepatic mucinous cholangiocarcinoma with recurrent colic in a horse: case report and literature review of cholangiocarcinoma in horses J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-20 Daniel Felipe Barrantes Murillo, Russell C. Cattley, John M. Cullen, Cornelius Withers, Jordan Towns, Rachel Pfeifle, Anne Wooldridge, Rachel L. A. L. T. Neto
A 17-y-old Arabian mare was presented to the Auburn Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a long-term history of intermittent mild recurrent colic that responded to medical treatment. CBC revealed mild lymphopenia; serum biochemistry findings were of increased gamma-glutamyl transferase and creatine kinase activities, hyperferremia, hyperglycemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypokalemia. Abdominocentesis
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Congenital localized cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a Holstein calf J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Jørgen S. Agerholm, Gary Mason, David Steffen
Distinct solitary dermal nodules, either covered by an alopecic, or sometimes ulcerated, epidermis, were noticed on the head of a stillborn Holstein calf. The head was submitted for autopsy, and the nodules were found to consist of homogeneous, diffuse pale-yellow, soft-tissue masses with distinct margins that elevated the epidermis above the adjacent skin. Histologically, the dermal nodules were well-delineated
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Validation of a commercial ELISA kit to measure 11-oxoetiocholanolone in equine and bovine feces J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Aloma Zoratti, Isabella Pividori, Antonella Comin, Alberto Prandi, Tanja Peric
Feces are a noninvasive and easily collectible matrix that may help determine cumulative hormone metabolite concentrations over medium-to-long times. To date, 11-oxoetiocholanolone, an important metabolite of cortisol, has been measured in equine and bovine feces solely by an in-house enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Therefore, we validated the use of a commercial ELISA kit (11-oxoetiocholanolone ELISA kit;
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Special section on aquatic animal health and disease J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Eileen E. Henderson, Heindrich Snyman
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Comparison of genotypic and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella enterica isolates from poultry diagnostic specimens J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Zhenyu Shen, C. Y. Zhang, Tamara Gull, Shuping Zhang
The spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is a significant concern, as it can lead to increased morbidity and mortality in both humans and animals. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a powerful tool that can be used to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We compared the phenotypic and genotypic AMR profiles of 97 Salmonella isolates derived from
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Genomic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in 61 aquatic bacterial isolates J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Chrissy D. Eckstrand, Brandi K. Torrevillas, Rebecca M. Wolking, Marla Francis, Laura B. Goodman, Olgica Ceric, Trevor L. Alexander, Kevin R. Snekvik, Claire R. Burbick
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogens important to aquatic animal health is of increasing concern but vastly understudied. Antimicrobial therapy is used to both treat and prevent bacterial disease in fish and is critical for a viable aquaculture industry and for maintenance of wild fish populations. Unfortunately, phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing is technically difficult for bacteria
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Histologic characterization of spontaneous catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy in laboratory New Zealand White rabbits J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Scott D. Reed
Catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy (CCM) is an entity associated with increased levels of catecholamines causing subendocardial and papillary muscle cardiomyocyte degeneration and necrosis. In 2020, 49 autopsies from early rabbit deaths in a colony used for medical device biocompatibility studies were submitted for microscopic examination. Of the 49 rabbits, 26 had histologic changes consistent with
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Forensic findings in urban red fox mortality in the metropolitan area of Madrid, 2014–2022 J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Agustín Rebollada-Merino, Carmen Bárcena, Néstor Porras, Lucas Domínguez, Antonio Rodríguez-Bertos
The expanding presence of red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes) in urban and suburban regions could potentially lead to increased instances of human aggression towards this species. We studied 10 deceased red foxes that were submitted by law enforcement agencies in the metropolitan area of Madrid in 2014–2022 because of suspected abuse. Forensic autopsies were performed to establish the cause and manner of death
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Canine glioma in the first year of life: 5 cases J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Esdras C. dos Santos, Brian A. Summers, Jessica A. Elbert, Doris M. Miller, Daniel R. Rissi
Most canine gliomas occur in adult and aged dogs, and reports in puppies < 12-mo-old are exceedingly rare. Here we describe the occurrence of gliomas in 5 dogs ≤ 12-mo-old. The affected patients (4 males, 1 female) were 3–12-mo-old (x̄ = 6.6-mo-old). None of the dogs were brachycephalic. Clinical signs consisted of dullness (2 cases), seizures (2 cases), vestibular signs, and deafness (1 case each)
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RNAscope: a novel method for the detection of Heterobilharzia americana ova in canine liver J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-23 Priscilla A. Devora, Andrea N. Johnston
Canine schistosomiasis caused by Heterobilharzia americana can lead to severe morbidity and eventual mortality, in part due to the deposition of fluke ova in the liver and gastrointestinal tract, which promotes an influx of peri-ova inflammatory cells. Although fluke eggs can be identified in H&E-stained histologic sections, cases exist in which only fragments of the ova persist, or the egg is obscured
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Review of neoplasia in fish at a large display aquarium, 2005–2021 J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-23 Sarah E. Wright, Michael Pawlik, Heindrich N. Snyman, Martin Haulena
Fish maintained in managed care may have longer lifespans as a result of advances in veterinary medicine and husbandry and reduced risk of predation. Neoplasia is of increasing interest in managed aquarium populations. However, few studies have systematically evaluated neoplasia in managed fish populations. Our objective in this retrospective study was to review and describe neoplasia diagnosed in
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Fatal septicemia in 2 South American camelids with caudal C3-pyloric-duodenal adenocarcinoma J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-23 Clemer Abad, Heather Fritz, Omar Gonzales-Viera
Gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas are often reported in South American camelids (SAC). We describe here cases of gastroduodenal adenocarcinoma in an adult alpaca ( Vicugna pacos) and a llama ( Llama glama); both SACs were anorectic and lethargic before death. At autopsy, a prominent and firm caudal C3-pyloric-duodenal junction with stricture and ulceration was present in both animals, as were hemorrhages
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Lactococcus garvieae–associated septicemia in a central bearded dragon J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Christian M. Capobianco, Sarah N. Bosch, Nicole I. Stacy, James F. X. Wellehan
Lactococcus garvieae is the causative agent of lactococcosis in fish and an emerging zoonotic pathogen with high levels of antimicrobial resistance. We report a case of L. garvieae–associated septicemia in a central bearded dragon ( Pogona vitticeps) confirmed via whole-blood PCR and direct sequencing. Following a 30-d course of ceftazidime (20 mg/kg IM q72h), the animal’s clinical condition had not
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A recessive CLN3 variant is responsible for delayed-onset retinal degeneration in Hereford cattle J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Rachel R. Reith, Mackenzie C. Batt, Anna M. Fuller, Jessica M. Meekins, Kathryn A. Diehl, You Zhou, Patrick S. Bedwell, Jack A. Ward, Stacy K. Sanders, Jessica L. Petersen, David J. Steffen
Thirteen American Hereford cattle were reported blind with presumed onset when ~12-mo-old. All blind cattle shared a common ancestor through both the maternal and paternal pedigrees, suggesting a recessive genetic origin. Given the pedigree relationships and novel phenotype, we characterized the ophthalmo-pathologic changes associated with blindness and identified the responsible gene variant. Ophthalmologic
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Bovine astrovirus and its role in lymphocytic encephalitis in cattle in Ontario, Canada, 1988–2019 J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Dominique Comeau, Maria T. Spinato, Davor Ojkic, Robert A. Foster, Jeff L. Caswell
Astroviruses have been found in cattle and other species with encephalitis. Our objective was to determine the frequency of neurotropic bovine astrovirus (BoAstV) in cases of encephalitis in cattle ≥ 4-mo-old. Of 56 cases of idiopathic lymphocytic encephalitis examined retrospectively (1988–2019), fixed brain from 11 cases (19%) tested positive by semi-quantitative RT-PCR for BoAstV CH13/NeuroS1. None
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Dermatitis, cellulitis, and osteomyelitis caused by Aspergillus nidulans in a horse with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Laura H. Waitt Wolker, Annalise Black, Jung Keun Lee
Clinical and histologic examination of a 12-y-old client-owned Quarter Horse gelding with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction revealed dermatitis, cellulitis, and osteomyelitis caused by Aspergillus nidulans, confirmed by a PCR assay. This novel presentation of a fungal disease in a horse was characterized by aggressive local invasion and failure to respond to all medical therapy attempted over a
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Gingival squamous cell carcinoma in 2 lions under managed care J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Hisadora A. S. C. Bom, Telma S. Lima, Silvio M. C. Fonseca, Givaldo B. Silva Filho, Nathalia S. Wicpolt, Jeann L. Araújo, Dênisson S. Souza, Márcio A. Silva, Brian G. Murphy, Javier Asin, Francisco A. Uzal, Fábio S. Mendonça, Eileen E. Henderson
Neoplasia is one of the main causes of euthanasia in geriatric captive nondomestic felids. However, few studies have examined oral tumors in these animals. We describe here the clinicopathologic features of gingival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 2 lions ( Panthera leo) from separate zoologic collections. In both cases, the lions had a history of sialorrhea, bloody oral discharge, and anorexia. Autopsy
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Botulism in fish: a review J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Francisco A. Uzal, Eileen Henderson, Javier Asin
Published information about fish botulism is scant. We review here the current literature on fish botulism. Freshwater fish are susceptible to botulism. Only anecdotal evidence exists about possible botulism cases in saltwater fish. With only a few exceptions, the etiology of all cases of fish botulism reported is Clostridium botulinum type E, although fish are sensitive to, and may carry, various
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Facial and systemic mucormycosis caused by Lichtheimia corymbifera in a goat: case report and literature review of fungal infections in goats J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Varvara Semenova, Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann, Rebecca M. Wolking, Eunju April Choi
An 8-y-old Pygora doe was presented to the University of California–Davis, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital because of non-healing facial swelling of 2-wk duration. The lesion grew despite medical treatment, causing discomfort masticating, little-to-no airflow from the right nasal passage, and led to euthanasia. On gross examination, a large facial mass with a draining tract through the skin and
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Laboratory tools for the direct detection of bacterial respiratory infections and antimicrobial resistance: a scoping review J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Olufunto O. Adewusi, Cheryl L. Waldner, Patrick C. Hanington, Janet E. Hill, Claire N. Freeman, Simon J. G. Otto
Rapid laboratory tests are urgently required to inform antimicrobial use in food animals. Our objective was to synthesize knowledge on the direct application of long-read metagenomic sequencing to respiratory samples to detect bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) compared to PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, and recombinase polymerase amplification. Our scoping review
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Specificity and sensitivity of an indirect fluorescent antibody test to detect antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Naoya Karakida, Momoko Murakami, Yohei Takeda, Haruko Ogawa, Kunitoshi Imai
Since being reported in 1979 and 2006, indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests have not been reported to detect bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) antibodies to our knowledge. Thus, we re-evaluated the efficacy and usefulness of IFA tests for BVDV serology. We tested 4 combinations of 2 antibody conjugates (fluorescein isothiocyanate [FITC]-conjugated rabbit IgG anti-bovine IgG; rabbit IgG F(ab')2
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Development and validation of a chemiluminescent western blot assay for glanders (Burkholderia mallei) serodetection J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Juanita F. Grause, Mandy C. Elschner, Nicholas A. Ledesma, Gleeson Murphy
Glanders, caused by Burkholderia mallei, is a zoonotic disease of equids. Serologic testing for glanders is required by disease-free countries before international movement of equids. The World Organisation for Animal Health Terrestrial Manual recommends the complement fixation test (CFT) for clearance of individual animals for movement, but the CFT is prone to false-positive results. A colorimetric
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Evaluation of species-specific polyclonal antibodies to detect and differentiate between Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Tanja Lepore, Alastair I. Macrae, Germán J. Cantón, Carlo Cantile, Henny M. Martineau, Javier Palarea-Albaladejo, Stephen Cahalan, Clare Underwood, Frank Katzer, Francesca Chianini
Neosporosis and toxoplasmosis are major causes of abortion in livestock worldwide, leading to substantial economic losses. Detection tools are fundamental to the diagnosis and management of those diseases. Current immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests, using sera raised against whole parasite lysates, have not been able to distinguish between Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. We used T. gondii and
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Two bovine hepacivirus genome sequences from U.S. cattle J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Aspen M. Workman, Gregory P. Harhay, John T. Groves, Brian L. Vander Ley
Bovine hepacivirus (BoHV) is closely related to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in humans and can cause both acute and chronic liver infections in cattle. BoHV was first identified in Ghana and Germany in 2015 and since then it has been detected and characterized in other countries around the world, but no strains have been sequenced from U.S. cattle. To date, BoHV has been classified into 2 genotypes
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Retrospective analysis of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens from pet rabbits in Hong Kong, 2019–2022 J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Chen Xin, Fraser Hill, Ibrahim Elsohaby
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to human and animal health. Data are limited on the prevalence of resistant bacteria in pet rabbits. Therefore, we aimed to identify prevalent bacterial infections and AMR profiles among pet rabbits in Hong Kong (HK). Our search of the CityU Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (VDL) database found 301 cases of pet rabbits submitted for bacteriologic and
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Orofacial masses in domestic rabbits: a retrospective review of 120 cases from 2 institutions, 2000–2023 J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Emily Rätsep, Latasha Ludwig, Melanie Dobromylskyj
Orofacial masses or swellings are a common presenting complaint in lagomorphs. Similar gross appearances of the masses can complicate clinical interpretation, and histologic review often provides the final diagnosis. Underlying causes vary from infectious to neoplastic. Although inflammatory changes are most commonly reported, various neoplasms occur, although the prevalence of specific tumor types
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Parasitism and branchitis in various fish species from 4 Cook County, Illinois inland freshwater lakes, 5-year survey, 2017–2021 J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Jennifer A. Landolfi, Michael J. Kinsel, Gretchen Anchor, Michael Feldmann, Chris Anchor
We investigated disease trends of concern for fish or public health in a 5-y (2017–2021) prospective survey of fish in Cook County, IL, inland lakes. Lesions were assessed in relation to fish species, lake type and location, season and collection year, and lake water chemistry parameters. Fish included bullheads ( n = 98), common carp ( n = 99), bluegill ( n = 114), and largemouth bass ( n = 118).
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Point-of-care and traditional erythrocyte sedimentation rate, point-of-care rheometry, and cell-free DNA concentration in dogs with or without systemic inflammation J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Rachel C. Clarkin-Breslin, Benjamin M. Brainard
RBC aggregation and deformability characteristics are altered by inflammatory, microcirculatory, and hemorheologic disease. These changes can be indirectly evaluated using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Newer point-of-care devices employ syllectometry to evaluate RBC rheology, which can give information beyond the ESR. We evaluated 2 point-of-care rheometers (iSED and MIZAR; Alcor Scientific)
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Development and analytical characteristics of a quantitative real-time PCR assay for detection of spheniscid alphaherpesvirus 1 in penguins J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Maris J. Daleo, Laura A. Adamovicz, Matthew C. Allender
Herpesviruses are associated with disease in many penguin species. Herpesvirus-associated lesions can cause significant morbidity and mortality in penguins and have been identified in African penguins ( Spheniscus demersus), Humboldt penguins ( Spheniscus humboldti), and a little blue penguin ( Eudyptula minor) infected with spheniscid alphaherpesvirus 1 (SpAHV1). Further investigation is necessary
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Outbreaks of bovine mastitis caused by specific Mycoplasma bovis strains recurring at multi-year intervals J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Kenta Suzuki, Fumihiro Kaneko, Aya Matsushita, Eiji Hata
Mycoplasma bovis is a major cause of bovine mastitis. Intermittent shedding of the organism for many months is a feature of cows with intramammary infection. A dairy farm in Japan experienced a mastitis outbreak caused by M. bovis in 2016, as well as 2 additional outbreaks and 1 case in 2020–2021. The causative strains in the 3 outbreaks shared a common and identical genetic feature, the insertion
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Canine distemper virus infection of vaccinal origin in a 14-week-old puppy J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Emily Rätsep, Davor Ojkic
The body of a 14-wk-old puppy ( Canis familiaris) was submitted to the Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Ontario for postmortem examination following a history of intermittent anorexia and lethargy progressing to pyrexia, pruritic skin rash, mucoid nasal discharge, decreased mentation, dysphagia, muscle twitches, and focal seizures. Gross examination revealed rhinitis and pulmonary edema
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Hepatic and renal lesions in sheep intoxicated with Urochloa hybrid Mulato II in Argentina J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Raúl E. Marin, Eduardo J. Gimeno, Franklin Riet-Correa, Francisco A. Uzal
A flock of 48 sheep in Argentina grazing on a pasture of hybrid Urochloa (formerly Brachiaria) Mulato II ( Urochloa ruziziensis × Urochloa decumbens × Urochloa brizantha) developed facial dermatitis, severe jaundice, and weakness after brief physical activity. Blood biochemistry of 3 animals revealed azotemia, elevated aspartate aminotransferase activity, and increased direct, indirect, and total bilirubin
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Comparative evaluation of assay performance for SARS-CoV-2 detection in animal oral samples, lung homogenates, and phosphate-buffered saline using the TaqPath COVID-19 Combo kit J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Megan R. Miller, Andriy Tkachenko, Jake Guag, Stacey Alexander, Brett T. Webb, Brianna L. S. Stenger
A One Health approach has been key to monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic, as human and veterinary medical professionals jointly met the demands for an extraordinary testing effort for SARS-CoV-2. Veterinary diagnostic laboratories continue to monitor SARS-CoV-2 infection in animals, furthering the understanding of zoonotic transmission dynamics between humans and animals. A RT-PCR assay is a primary
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Cestodiasis in 2 Puerto Rican crested anoles J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Timothy K. Wu, Stacy Kaneko, Araceli Lucio-Forster, Sean Spagnoli, Latoya Schultz-Powell, Janice Liotta, Dwight Bowman
Two adult male Puerto Rican crested anoles ( Anolis cristatellus cristatellus) housed in a research facility were presented with debilitation and were euthanized. On autopsy, anole 1 had a large cystic white structure in the left pelvic limb, which protruded through the ruptured epidermis, and a large, poorly demarcated swelling in the right caudal abdomen. Anole 2 had masses in the mid-dorsum, caudal
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Septicemic salmonellosis in suckling piglets resulting from improper intramuscular administration of an oral vaccine J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-10 Jean C. O. Menegatt, Bruno A. Almeida, Fernanda F. Perosa, Lucas T. Castro, Anderson H. Gris, Manoela M. Piva, Emanoelly M. S. Silva, Saulo P. Pavarini, David Driemeier
We describe an unusual outbreak of mortality in suckling piglets following the misadministration of an oral vaccine against Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Choleraesuis. Within 3–48 h of vaccination of a batch of ~700 piglets, ~300 developed marked swelling in the dorsal neck region, respiratory distress, fever, recumbency, and apathy. In total, ~100 died, and 4 were submitted for autopsy. Gross
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Betanodavirus meningoencephalitis in an Atlantic blue marlin J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Kirstin A. Cook, John P. Hawke, David B. Groman, Tobia Pretto, Anna Toffan, Larry A. Hanson, D. Nguyen, Lorelei Ford, Wes A. Baumgartner
Viral nervous necrosis (viral encephalopathy and retinopathy) is caused by piscine nodavirus ( Nodaviridae, Betanodavirus). Since 1986, this highly infectious virus has caused mass mortalities of up to 100% in farmed saltwater and freshwater fish around the world (with the exception of South America and Antarctica), affecting >60 species across 10 orders. The Atlantic blue marlin ( Makaira nigricans
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Scoliosis and kyphosis in blue-spotted and marbled flathead fish associated with a Myxobolus acanthogobii–like parasite J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Angel L. Ngo, Jeffrey Go, Zoe B. Spiers, Cheryl Jenkins
Spinal deformities in finfish have the potential to impact aquaculture industries and wild populations by increasing morbidity, mortality, and reducing growth rates. Myxobolus acanthogobii has been implicated in causing scoliosis and lordosis in various aquatic species in Japan. We investigated 4 cases of spinal deformity in 2 flathead ( Platycephalus) species that were submitted to the Elizabeth Macarthur
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Clinicopathologic evaluation of congenital idiopathic megaesophagus in a Gordon Setter puppy: a case report and development and application of peripherin immunohistochemistry for detection of ganglion cells J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Cecilie B. Becker, Henrik E. Jensen
We examined a case of congenital idiopathic megaesophagus (CIM) in a 5-wk-old female Gordon Setter puppy by means of contrast radiography, autopsy, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Clinical and radiologic findings included weight stagnation and marked generalized esophageal dilation with ventral displacement of the heart and lungs. These findings were confirmed at autopsy, and segments of
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Segmental aplasia of the paramesonephric duct in a New Zealand white rabbit and a review of the literature J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Benjamin P. Davies, Sara Hassouna Elsayed, Katherine Hughes
In females, the paramesonephric (syn: Müllerian) duct gives rise to the uterine tubes, uterus, cervix, and part of the vagina. Segmental uterine aplasia resulting from a paramesonephric duct abnormality has been reported in a range of species including bovids, canids, felids, equids, camelids, and lagomorphs. Here we document segmental aplasia of the left paramesonephric duct in a New Zealand white
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Diagnostic immunohistochemistry of primary and secondary central nervous system neoplasms of dogs and cats J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Daniel R. Rissi, Andrew D. Miller, Elena A. Demeter, Molly E. Church, Jennifer W. Koehler
The diagnosis of primary and secondary CNS neoplasms of dogs and cats relies on histologic examination of autopsy or biopsy samples. In addition, many neoplasms must be further characterized by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for a more refined diagnosis in specific cases. Given the many investigations assessing the diagnostic and prognostic IHC profile of CNS neoplasms in the veterinary literature, it
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Optic nerve meningioma and cloacal adenocarcinoma in a Humboldt penguin J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Shotaro Nakagun, Ryan P. Taylor, Emma L. Houck, Rebecca M. Eddy, Mason C. Jager
A 26-y-old, male, captive Humboldt penguin ( Spheniscus humboldti) was euthanized following a 3.5-mo history of weakened elimination mechanics, recurrent tenesmus, intermittent hemorrhagic droppings, and a cloacal mass. Blepharospasm, of unknown cause, of the right eye was present for ~3 mo before euthanasia. Autopsy revealed a cloacal adenocarcinoma with localized coelomic carcinomatosis and distant
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Malignant catarrhal fever in a goat: manifestation of virus-induced erythema multiforme J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Grace Makanaka Makoni, Christian Gerspach, Nina Fischer, Giuliana Rosato, Rosalie Fabian, Paula Grest, Anja Kipar
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), caused by ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV2; Orthoherpesviridae, Macavirus ovinegamma2), has sheep as natural hosts. OvHV2 is an important macavirus globally that induces fatal disease in dead-end hosts. Goats, which can be infected subclinically with OvHV2, rarely develop MCF. A 28-wk-old female goat was presented with fever and multifocal crusty skin lesions. Histologic
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Effects of autolysis and prolonged formalin fixation on histomorphology and immunohistochemistry of normal canine brain tissue: an experimental study J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Jennifer W. Koehler, Andrew D. Miller, Daniel R. Rissi
CNS tumor diagnosis in dogs often relies on immunohistochemistry (IHC) given similar histologic features among tumors. Most CNS tissue samples encountered by diagnostic pathologists are collected during autopsy, and postmortem specimens can be susceptible to autolysis and prolonged formalin fixation, both of which have the potential to influence IHC results and interpretation. Here we evaluated the
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Rapid differentiation of infectious salmon anemia virus avirulent (HPR0) from virulent (HPRΔ) variants using multiplex RT-qPCR J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Thomas F. Rounsville, Mark P. Polinski, Alyssa G. Marini, Sarah M. Turner, Niccolò Vendramin, Argelia Cuenca, Michael R. Pietrak, Brian C. Peterson, Deborah A. Bouchard
Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV; Isavirus salaris) causes an economically important disease of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.). ISA outbreaks have resulted in significant losses of farmed salmon globally, often with a sudden onset. However, 2 phenotypically distinct variants of ISAV exist, each with divergent disease outcomes, associated regulations, and control measures. ISAV-HPRΔ, also known
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Evaluation of post-transfusion RBC alloimmunization in dogs using a gel-column crossmatch with and without anti-canine globulin enhancement J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Alison Thomas-Hollands, Rebecka S. Hess, Nicole M. Weinstein, Samantha Fromm, Nicole A. Chappini, Kimberly Marryott, Mary Beth Callan
A blood crossmatch is essential to ensure RBC compatibility for previously transfused dogs. There is no gold standard crossmatch method for dogs, although the standards used most commonly by academic institutions and reference laboratories are the tube and gel-column crossmatches. Addition of anti-canine globulin (ACG) has been suggested to increase detection of RBC incompatibilities. Our objective
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Coinfection by Mycobacterium marinum and Mycolicibacterium fortuitum in a captive adult diamondback water snake causing disseminated mycobacteriosis with acute cutaneous ulceration J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Daniel Felipe Barrantes Murillo, Tatiane Terumi Negrão Watanabe, Emi Sasaki, Gordon J. Pirie, Nobuko Wakamatsu
An adult male captive diamondback water snake ( Nerodia rhombifer) was found dead after a 1-d history of lethargy and cutaneous ulcers. The snake had eaten 2 sunfish ( Mola spp.) 5 d before death. Gross examination revealed white-to-tan nodules in the lung and liver and segmental intestinal impactions with digested fish. Histopathology confirmed disseminated granulomas with numerous intrahistiocytic
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Thyroid neoplasia associated with nutritional deficiency in cultured jade perch in Hong Kong J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Stephen C. H. Chan, Zwok Zu Lim, Aaron C. F. Leung, Tzu Hsuan Cheng, Ka Po F. Cheng, Sophie St-Hilaire, Andrew M. D. Ferguson
Non-neoplastic thyroid hyperplasia is common in terrestrial animals, secondary to nutritional imbalances or other goitrogenic compounds. Thyroid hyperplasia is relatively common in teleost fish; however, malignant thyroid neoplasia is rarely reported. We diagnosed cases of thyroid neoplasia in a population of jade perch ( Scortum barcoo). The 3,000 affected fish had grossly apparent, bilateral pharyngeal
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Pollen beetle (Astylus atromaculatus)-associated gastroenteric disease in cattle: report of 6 natural outbreaks. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-29 Juan A García,Juan M Livio,Carolina Matto,Fernando Dutra,Valeria Scioli,Federico Giannitti,James Langston,Robert H Poppenga,Germán J Cantón,Francisco A Uzal
Astylus atromaculatus is a pollen beetle native to South America, commonly found in crop flowers. Experimental intoxication of sheep and guinea pigs by this beetle resulting in fibrinonecrotizing enteritis has been reported. We describe here 6 natural outbreaks of intoxication in cattle associated with consumption of alfalfa (5 of 6) and mixed native (1 of 6) pastures heavily contaminated with A. atromaculatus
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Targeted next-generation sequencing assay to detect 3 Moraxella spp. directly from bovine ocular swabs. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-29 Rebecca P Wilkes,Jobin J Kattoor,Hsin-Yi Weng,Eman Anis
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is associated with 2 species of Moraxella: M. bovis and M. bovoculi. A third novel Moraxella spp., designated tentatively as M. oculi, has been identified from the eyes of cattle with and without pinkeye. These 3 Moraxella spp. can be found in various combinations within the same clinical sample, making speciation of this genus directly from a sample impossible
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Multicenter evaluation of the Vetscan Imagyst system using Ocus 40 and EasyScan One scanners to detect gastrointestinal parasites in feces of dogs and cats. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Yoko Nagamori,Ruth Scimeca,Ruth Hall-Sedlak,Byron Blagburn,Lindsay A Starkey,Dwight D Bowman,Araceli Lucio-Forster,Susan E Little,Travis Cree,Michael Loenser,Benjamin S Larson,Cory Penn,Austin Rhodes,Richard Goldstein
The Vetscan Imagyst system (Zoetis) is a novel, artificial intelligence-driven detection tool that can assist veterinarians in the identification of enteric parasites in dogs and cats. This system consists of a sample preparation device, an automated digital microscope scanner, and a deep-learning algorithm. The EasyScan One scanner (Motic) has had good diagnostic performance compared with manual examinations
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Severe bronchiectasis resulting from chronic bacterial bronchitis and bronchopneumonia in a jungle cat. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Danyue Kang,Mandy Womble,John M Cullen,Tara M Harrison,Christopher Premanandan,Megan E Schreeg
Bronchiectasis is irreversible bronchial dilation that can be congenital or acquired secondary to chronic airway obstruction. Feline bronchiectasis is rare and, to our knowledge, has not been reported previously in a non-domestic felid. An ~10-y-old female jungle cat (Felis chaus) was presented for evaluation of an abdominal mass and suspected pulmonary metastasis. The animal died during exploratory
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Canine urothelial carcinoma: a pilot study of microRNA detection in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples and in normal urine. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Mara S Varvil,Samuel L Clark,Taylor W Bailey,José A Ramos-Vara,Andrea Pires Dos Santos
We assessed the effects of fixation time in formalin and inclusion of surrounding tissue on microRNA (miRNA) cycle quantification (Cq) values in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) urothelial carcinoma (UC) tissue (n = 3), and the effect of conditions on miRNAs in urine from 1 healthy dog. MiRNAs were extracted using commercial kits and quantified using miRNA-specific fluorometry in normal bladder
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Ultimobranchial body cyst in an adult horse: clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-23 Anderson F Souza,Maria E Volpato,Stefano C F Hagen,Celina S Takenaka,Paulo C Maiorka,Rodrigo A Ressio,Luis C L C Silva,Raquel Y A Baccarin
A 9-y-old Mangalarga Marchador gelding was referred to a veterinary hospital because of a swelling on the upper right side of the neck. Ultrasound examination revealed a multilocular structure adjacent to the thyroid gland with low echogenic content suggestive of fluid. The mass was removed surgically. Histologically, the cystic cavities in the surgical sample were filled with abundant eosinophilic
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An overview of the detection of bovine respiratory disease complex pathogens using immunohistochemistry: emerging trends and opportunities. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 Gebremeskel Mamu Werid,Darren Miller,Farhid Hemmatzadeh,Yohannes E Messele,Kiro Petrovski
The bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is caused by a variety of pathogens, as well as contributing environmental and host-related risk factors. BRDC is the costliest disease for feedlot cattle globally. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a valuable tool for enhancing our understanding of BRDC given its specificity, sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, and capacity to provide information on antigen localization
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Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia in the lungs of a wild Korean raccoon dog. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 Warisraporn Tangchang,Su-Young Park,Eun-Hye Jung,Dong-Min Lee,Bit-Na Choi,Hyo-Jung Kwon,Hwa-Young Son
A male Korean raccoon dog of unknown age was rescued and placed at the Daejeon Wildlife Rescue Center, Korea. Physical examination revealed severe emaciation and dehydration, as well as thick crusts and alopecia over most of the body. During medical care, the animal died and was submitted for postmortem examination. Firm, brown-red lesions of various sizes were observed on the surface of the lungs
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Antimicrobial susceptibility of U.S. porcine Brachyspira isolates and genetic diversity of B. hyodysenteriae by multilocus sequence typing. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Maria Hakimi,Fangshu Ye,Chloe C Stinman,Orhan Sahin,Eric R Burrough
Swine dysentery, caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and the newly recognized Brachyspira hampsonii in grower-finisher pigs, is a substantial economic burden in many swine-rearing countries. Antimicrobial therapy is the only commercially available measure to control and prevent Brachyspira-related colitis. However, data on antimicrobial susceptibility trends and genetic diversity of Brachyspira species
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In situ hybridization to detect Escherichia coli in canine granulomatous colitis. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Carmen R Smith,Andrew D Miller
Canine granulomatous colitis (histiocytic ulcerative colitis) is an uncommon disease, predominantly of young French Bulldogs and Boxer dogs, that manifests from a dysregulated immune response, primarily to adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC). In conjunction with histopathology and periodic acid-Schiff staining, the diagnosis of granulomatous colitis currently relies on fluorescence in situ hybridization
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Epidemiologic investigation and genetic characterization of canine respiratory coronavirus in the Southeastern United States. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Eliana De Luca,Sonsiray Álvarez-Narváez,Rodrigo P Baptista,Grazieli Maboni,Uriel Blas-Machado,Susan Sanchez
Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) is one of the main causative agents of canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD), an illness whose epidemiology is poorly understood. We assessed the prevalence, risk factors, and genetic characterization of CRCoV in privately owned dogs in the Southeastern United States. We PCR-screened 189 nasal swabs from dogs with and without CIRD clinical signs for 9 CIRD-related