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Stem Defect Rates and Ice Storm Damage for Families of Pinus taeda from Coastal and Piedmont Provenances Planted on a North Carolina Piedmont Site For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Trevor D Walker, Jessica A Maynor, Fikret Isik, Austin J Heine, Ross W Whetten, Kitt G Payn, T Austin Quate, Steven E McKeand
Twenty Pinus taeda L. families from both the Coastal Plain and Piedmont provenances in the southeastern United States were planted on an upper Piedmont site that experienced a severe ice storm at age 3 years. Storm damage and defect rates through age 11 years were compared with the seed transfer distance and the seed parents’ breeding values to develop prediction models for storm damage and rates of
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Effects of Whole-Tree and Stem-Only Clearcutting on Postharvest Hydrologic Losses, Nutrient Capital, and Regrowth For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 L. K. Mann, D. W. Johnson, D. C. West, D. W. Cole, J. W. Hornbeck, C. W. Martin, H. Riekerk, C. T. Smith, W. T. Swank, L. M. Tritton, D. H. Van Lear
Nutrient removal by sawlog or pulpwood harvest (SAW), and whole-tree harvesting (WTH) was determined for 11 forest stands located throughout the United States. Data from this study combined with previously published nutrient budgets indicated potential net losses of Ca and K at most sites without harvest, and net losses of N, P, K, and Ca with either SAW or WTH. Total stem biomass and nutrients were
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Organic Matter and Nutrients Associated with Fine Root Turnover in a White Oak Stand For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 J. D. Joslin, G. S. Henderson
Organic matter and nutrients cycled by fine root turnover were quantified in a mature white oak (Quercus alba L.) stand and compared to contributions from litterfall. The budget method, a revised version of the traditional repeated sampling method, was used to measure root turnover. The magnitude of the live and dead pools of three size classes of fine (<5 mm diameter) roots were monitored bimonthly
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Sustainable Forest Ecosystems and Management: A Review Article For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 M. A. Toman, P. M.S. Ashton
Concerns about the sustainability of forest resources and ecosystems have been expressed almost from the beginning of modern studies of forest management by ecologists, biologists, economists, and other specialists. However, the focus of this concern has gone through several transformations. Environmental scientists have emphasized the maintenance of forest ecosystems in the face of different types
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Developing Dynamic Site Index Curves for European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Denmark For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Thomas Nord-Larsen
In base-age specific methodologies, assessment of base age and site index may be a problem when developing site curves from repeated measurements on permanent sample plot data. In most cases, such data will not contain measurements at any base age that is common for all the sample plots, and some sort of interpolation or even extrapolation would have to be applied to address this issue. Base-age invariant
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Wildlife Conservation Planning Using Stochastic Optimization and Importance Sampling For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Robert G. Haight, Laurel E. Travis
Formulations for determining conservation plans for sensitive wildlife species must account for economic costs of habitat protection and uncertainties about how wildlife populations will respond. This paper describes such a formulation and addresses the computational challenge of solving it. The problem is to determine the cost-efficient level of habitat protection that satisfies a viability constraint
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Relative Accuracy of a New Base-Age Invariant Site Index Model For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Bijan Payandeh, Yonghe Wang
A new base-age invariant site index model was developed based on the constrained version of the Chapman-Richards function. It was compared with that of Goelz and Burk's (1992) in terms of relative accuracy and average bias across a range of potential base ages. The data format for fitting the above models was also simplified. Comparing the models on a set of white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss)
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Changes in Albedo of a Northern Hardwood Forest Following Clearcutting For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Charles P.-A. Bourque, David A. Daugharty, Robert B. B. Dickison, Paul A. Arp
A semi-empirical model designed to stimulate seasonal and midsummer albedo of a northern tolerant hardwood stand following clearcutting was developed from field determinations conducted in west-central New Brunswick. In this model, changes in albedo are related to (1) vegetative regrowth (spreading of newly developing foliage over the cut area); (2) the gradual addition of vegetation layers within
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Predicting Regeneration in the Grand Fir-Cedar-Hemlock Ecosystem of the Northern Rocky Mountains For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Dennis E. Ferguson, Albert R. Stage, Raymond J. Boyd
Conifer establishment following regeneration treatments can be predicted in the grand fir-cedar-hemlock ecosystem of the northern Rocky Mountains. Alternative treatments can be evaluated by a model that represents regeneration establishment and early development. This model is designed to be used with the Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station's Prognosis Model (Stage 1973). Mathematical
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Estimating Current Forest Attributes from Paneled Inventory Data Using Plot-Level Imputation: A Study from the Pacific Northwest For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Bianca N.I. Eskelson, Hailemariam Temesgen, Tara M. Barrett
Information on current forest condition is essential to assess and characterize resources and to support resource management and policy decisions. The 1998 Farm Bill mandates the US Forest Service to conduct annual inventories to provide annual updates of each state's forest. In annual inventories, the sample size of 1 year (panel) is only a portion of the full sample and therefore the precision of
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An Assessment of the Impacts of Forest Management on Aboriginal Hunters: Evidence from Stated and Revealed Preference Data For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Wiktor Adamowicz, Peter Boxall, Michel Haener, Yaoqi Zhang, Donna Dosman, Juanita Marois
Assessing the impacts of forest harvesting activities on Aboriginal people and incorporating these considerations into forest management plans is one of the challenges facing Canadian forest managers. In this study, we model hunting behavior using stated and revealed preference data on subsistence use of wildlife resources. We use this framework to assess the impacts of forest management changes on
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The Optimal Timber Rotation: An Option Value Approach For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Andrew J. Plantinga
Previous analyses of the timber rotation problem under price uncertainty find that timber owners can increase the expected values of their stands by using a reservation price policy that exploits stochastic variations in prices. This result is found when the process governing prices is stationary and with nonstationary prices when there are fixed costs. This paper highlights the role of option values
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Efficiency of Early Selections for Stem Volume and Predictions of Size Distributions of Selections in a Red Pine Spacing Trial For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Steen Magnussen
Simulated phenotypic selections for superior stem volume at age 34 were carried out in a red pine spacing trial between age 10 and age 34. The efficiency of selections increased exponentially with selection age and with diminishing initial spacing. Interactions between spacing, age, and the intensity of selection modified the overall efficiency of early selections. The probability that a tree would
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Management of Mixed-Species, Uneven-Aged Forests in the French Jura: From Stochastic Growth and Price Models to Decision Tables For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 François Rollin, Joseph Buongiorno, Mo Zhou, Jean-Luc Peyron
A deterministic matrix growth model of uneven-aged stands of fir, spruce, and hardwood trees was extended to recognize random shocks. The results showed that the expected basal area of hardwoods, mainly beech, was substantially higher in the long run than that predicted by the deterministic model. A parallel stochastic model of prices was also developed from past data. It showed that real prices had
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Geometric Errors in Natural Resource GIS Data: Tilt and Terrain Effects in Aerial Photographs For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Paul V. Bolstad
Simulation studies were performed to estimate geometric errors in spatial data from monoscopic interpretation of large format aerial photographs. Positional and area error were simulated for a range of photo scales (1:10,000 to 1:40,000), camera tilts (0° to 4.2°), and relief (vertical range from 0 m to 750 m). Average positional errors were observed between 4 m and 104 m and varied positively with
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Allocating Resources to Large Wildland Fires: A Model with Stochastic Production Rates For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Romain Mees, David Strauss
Wildland fires that grow out of the initial attack phase are responsible for most of the damage and burned area. We model the allocation of fire suppression resources (ground crews, engines, bulldozers, and airdrops) to these large fires. The fireline at a given future time is partitioned into homogeneous segments on the basis of fuel type, available resources, risk, and other factors. Each is assigned
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Effects of Seed Weight and Rate of Emergence on Early Growth of Open-Pollinated Douglas-Fir Families For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 J. B. St. Clair, W. T. Adams
Seed weight, time of emergence, and three measures of seedling size were recorded for 39 open-pollinated Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii vat. menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) families in order to assess family variation in seed weight and emergence, and the influence of these seed traits on early growth. Families were planted both as ungerminated seed and as recent germinants to test whether using germinants
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A Model of National Forest Timber Supply and Stumpage Markets in the Western United States For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Darius M. Adams, Richard W. Haynes
This paper presents an aggregate regional model of the National Forest timber supply process and the interaction of National Forest and non-National Forest supply in the determination of regional stumpage prices and harvest volumes. Endogenous elements of National Forest supply include establishment of the appraised price, bid price, volumes sold and unsold, the uncut volume under contract, volumes
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Effects of Stand Regeneration Management Regimes and Age on Genetic Structure of Quercus aquifolioides (Sclerophyllous Oak) in Southwestern China For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Zhongsheng Wang, Hong Liu, Na Wei, Weixiang Xu, Shuqing An, Shirong Liu
As a representative relict forest type, the sclerophyllous oak (Quercus aquifolioides Rehd. et Wils.) forests in the Himalayas-Hengduanshan Mountains of China have been either nearly completely destroyed or heavily fragmented, mostly due to the long-lasting overexploitation by local human population. To evaluate the effect of current silvicultural treatments on regeneration of sclerophyllous oak, we
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Aesthetic Impacts of Disturbances on Selected Boreal Forested Shorelines For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Len M. Hunt, Wolfgang Haider
This article investigates the aesthetic impacts of anthropogenic and fire disturbances on forested shorelines for most coniferous forest types of the boreal forest. The novel use of the psychophysical landscape-perception approach to near-vista-view shoreline settings makes this application unique. Evaluations of aesthetic quality by laypeople show that severe fire and clearcut-logging disturbances
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Growth-Competition Relationships in Young Hardwood Stands on Two Contrasting Sites in Southwestern Wisconsin For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 David M. Hix, Craig G. Lorimer
Crown-based competition measures were used to assess the relationships between growth and competition for trees in young mixed-hardwood stands on two ecosystems with contrasting site conditions. The two southwestern Wisconsin ecosystems compared were gently sloping summits with deep loessal soils and steeply sloping southwesterly backslopes with loam soils. Individual trees were sampled from variable-radius
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Growth, Xylem Pressure Potential, and Nutrient Absorption of Loblolly Pine on a Reclaimed Surface Mine as Affected by an Induced Pisolithus tinctorius Infection For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 R. F. Walker, D. C. West, S. B. McLaughlin, C. C. Amundsen
The effects of Pisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhizae on survival, growth, xylem pressure potential, and nutrient uptake of loblolly pine on a southern Appalachian coal surface mine were examined. One-year-old bareroot seedlings artificially inoculated with P. tinctorius and control seedlings with Thelephora terrestris ectomycorrhizae were outplanted on a surface-mined site in Tennessee. The site had
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Bootstrap Simulation and Response Surface Optimization of Management Regimes for Douglas-Fir/Western Hemlock Stands For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Jingjing Liang, Joseph Buongiorno, Robert A. Monserud
A method was proposed to simulate forest stand growth, timber prices, and interest rates by distribution-free bootstrapping, and then optimize management controls for economic and ecological objectives by response surface analysis. The method was applied to Douglas-fir/western hemlock stands to predict the effects on economic and ecological objectives of management alternatives defined by the cutting
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Relative Abundance and Species Richness of Herpetofauna in Forest Stands in Pennsylvania For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Brad Ross, Todd Fredericksen, Eric Ross, Wayne Hoffman, Michael L. Morrison, Jan Beyea, Michael B. Lester, Bradley N. Johnson, Nell J. Fredericksen
The relative abundance and species richness of herpetofauna was investigated to assess the impact of recent logging operations in 47 forest stands in northeastern Pennsylvania during 1996 and 1997. Stands including nonindustrial private forestlands and public lands that have received some type of harvesting within the last 8 yr ranged from near complete overstory tree cover to complete removal of overstory
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Multiple-Pass Harvesting and Spatial Constraints: An Old Technique Applied to a New Problem For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 J. D. Nelson, D. Errico
A methodology for approximating and incorporating spatial harvesting constraints into forest-level, aspatial models is presented. First, operational cut block scheduling methods based on map-coloring theory are used to sample the number of passes and the percentage of area-per-pass that can be harvested without violating adjacency and exclusion period constraints for a given set of harvesting guidelines
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Characterizing Family Forest Owners: A Cluster Analysis Approach For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Indrajit Majumdar, Lawrence Teeter, Brett Butler
For policy implementation to promote better stewardship on family forestlands, it is necessary to understand what motivates landowners. This study characterizes family forest owners in Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina, based on their feelings about forest stewardship and their stated reasons for owning forestland. Multivariate cluster analysis suggests that family forest owners are, in fact, a
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Marginal Productivity of Public Research in the Softwood Plywood Industry: A Dual Approach For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Barry J. Seldon, David H. Newman
The production function approach commonly used in agricultural studies is modified to estimate returns from publicly funded forestry research. The method indirectly estimates production function coefficients using a simultaneous, constrained supply and demand system. From these estimates the value of the marginal product (VMP) of public research involving softwood plywood is used to calculate a marginal
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Using Pheromone-Baited Traps To Control the Amount and Distribution of Tree Mortality During Outbreaks of the Douglas-Fir Beetle For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Darrell W. Ross, Gary E. Daterman
Multiple-funnel traps baited with strong aggregation pheromone lures were placed throughout three 259 ha plots in northeastern Oregon during an outbreak of the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins. Mean numbers (± SEM) of Douglas-fir beetles collected per plot for the entire flight periods of 1992 and 1993 were 277,921 ± 40,447 and 268,834 ± 37,088, respectively. Mean numbers (± SEM)
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Stakeholder Perspectives on Appropriate Forest Management in the Pacific Northwest For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Anne R. Kearney, Gordon Bradley, Rachel Kaplan, Stephen Kaplan
One potential source of the controversy over forest management in the Pacific Northwest is differences in stakeholders' conceptualizations, or perspectives, on appropriate forest management. This study explores the nature of stakeholders' perspectives and identifies some of the differences and commonalities among them. Study participants included 23 individuals from 3 forest stakeholder groups: the
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An Analysis of Monte Carlo Integer Programming, Simulated Annealing, and Tabu Search Heuristics for Solving Spatial Harvest Scheduling Problems For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Kevin Boston, Pete Bettinger
Heuristics are commonly used to solve spatial harvest scheduling problems. They can generate spatially and temporally feasible solutions to large problems that traditional mathematical programming techniques are unable to solve. A common complaint about heuristics is that the quality of the solutions is unknown. We compared three heuristic techniques commonly used to solve spatial harvest scheduling
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Breeding Objective for Plantation Eucalypts Grown for Production of Kraft Pulp For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Bruce L. Greaves, Nuno M. G. Borralho, Carolyn A. Raymond
A long-term production function for unbleached eucalypt kraft pulp, incorporating all growing, harvesting, transport, and pulping costs, and variable capital and operating costs, was used to determine the economic importance of standing volume, basic density, pulp yield, and stem form. The value of each trait to breeding was defined as the relative improvement toward the objective (of minimizing total
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Monitoring Hemlock Forest Health in New Jersey Using Landsat TM Data and Change Detection Techniques For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Denise D. Royle, Richard G. Lathrop
Defoliation of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis Carriere) forest caused mainly by the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) was detected, quantified, and mapped for a 1,267 km² study area in the New Jersey Highlands using anniversary dates of Landsat Thematic Mapper data (1984 and 1994). A model relating estimates of canopy condition to the temporal difference in near infrared/red reflectance
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Adjacency Branches Used To Optimize Forest Harvesting Subject to Area Restrictions on Clearfell For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Alastair J. McNaughton, David Ryan
Consider a forest containing units of various sizes for which a maximum clearfell area has been specified along with an associated green-up time period. For such an application it is customary to use adjacency constraints to produce a harvesting plan. These constraints control the availability for harvest of specific units relative to the harvesting of certain adjacent units. However, such constraints
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Fusion of Small-Footprint Lidar and Multispectral Data to Estimate Plot- Level Volume and Biomass in Deciduous and Pine Forests in Virginia, USA For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Sorin C. Popescu, Randolph H. Wynne, John A. Scrivani
The principal study objective was to explore the feasibility of using small-footprint lidar data and multispectral imagery to estimate forest volume and biomass on small (0.017-ha) plots. In addition, the spatial dependency of residuals between ground-measured and lidar-estimated variables was investigated. The lidar data set was acquired over deciduous and pine stands in the southeastern United States
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Genetic Variation in Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Loblolly Pine Seedlings For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Bailian Li, S. E. McKeand, H. L. Allen
Seedlings of 23 open-pollinated loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) families were grown in a greenhouse at two nitrogen (N) levels (5 and 50 ppm). Differences among families for components of N use efficiency (NUE) were evaluated from measurements of biomass and N accumulation in different parts of seedlings. NUE, defined as stem biomass produced per unit of N applied, was partitioned into two major components:
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Regional Applicability of Forest Height and Aboveground Biomass Models for the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Dirk Pflugmacher, Warren Cohen, Robert Kennedy, Michael Lefsky
Accurate estimates of forest aboveground biomass are needed to reduce uncertainties in global and regional terrestrial carbon fluxes. In this study we investigated the utility of the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) onboard the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite for large-scale biomass inventories. GLAS is the first spaceborne lidar sensor that will provide global estimates of forest height
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Analyzing Public Inputs to Multiple Objective Decisions on National Forests Using Conjoint Analysis For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Donald F. Dennis
Faced with multiple objectives, national forest managers and planners need a means to solicit and analyze public preferences and values. A conjoint ranking survey was designed to solicit public preferences for various levels of timber harvesting, wildlife habitats, hiking trails, snowmobile use, and off-road-vehicle (ORV) access on the Green Mountain National Forest. The survey was completed by 76
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Identifying the Presence of Assessment Errors in Forest Inventory Data by Data Mining For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Antti M. Mäkinen, Annika S. Kangas, Timo Tokola
All forest inventory methods are susceptible to assessment errors, and although the majority of these errors are relatively minor, some can be exceptionally large. Errors reduce data reliability and increase the probability of nonoptimal decisions in forest planning. We propose that outlier detection techniques based on data mining could be used to detect some of the assessment errors in forestry databases
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Riparian Buffer and Density Management Influences on Microclimate of Young Headwater Forests of Western Oregon For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Paul D. Anderson, David J. Larson, Samuel S. Chan
Thinning of 30- to 70-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) stands is a common silvicultural activity on federal forest lands of the Pacific Northwest, United States. Empirical relationships among riparian functions, silvicultural treatments, and different riparian buffer widths are not well documented for small headwater streams. We investigated buffer width and density management
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Forest Taxation and Timber Supply Under Price Uncertainty: Perfect Capital Markets For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Erkki Koskela
This paper provides a detailed analysis of timber harvest decisions under price uncertainty. Specifically, the relationship between timber supply—in the sense of whether to bring harvest to the market now or in the future—and various forest taxes is analyzed by using an intertemporal consumption-savings model, which is extended to allow for harvesting decisions. In the presence of perfect capital markets
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Modeling Long-Term Fire-Caused Mortality of Douglas-Fir For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Kevin C. Ryan, David L. Peterson, Elizabeth D. Reinhardt
Mortality was determined in a stand of Douglas-fir 8 years after 20 plots were treated with light surface fires. Logistic regression was used to model long-term mortality as functions of morphological variables measured shortly after burning. Independent variables were diameter at breast height, height of needle scorch, percentage of the prefire crown volume scorched, season of burn, and the number
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Comparison of Methods to Estimate Reineke's Maximum Size-Density Relationship Species Boundary Line Slope For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Curtis L. VanderSchaaf, Harold E. Burkhart
Maximum size-density relationships (MSDR) provide natural resource managers useful information about the relationship between tree density and average tree size. Obtaining a valid estimate of how maximum tree density changes with changes in average tree size is necessary to describe these biological relationships accurately. This article examines three methods to estimate the slope (b) of the MSDR
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Allelopathic Effects of Shrubs of the Sand Pine Scrub on Pines and Grasses of the Sandhills For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 D. R. Richardson, G. B. Williamson
Aqueous leachates prepared monthly from foliage of eight species and from litter of two of them from Florida's sand pine scrub community were tested for potential inhibitory activity on four receiver species: three grasses native to Florida's sandhill community (Andropogon gyrans, Schizachyrium scoparium, and Leptochloa dubia) and commercial lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Seed germination of the grasses
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Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica), an Alien Invasive Grass, Reduces Survival and Productivity of an Establishing Pine Forest For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Pedram Daneshgar, Shibu Jose, Alexandra Collins, Craig Ramsey
A 27-month-long study was conducted to compare the impacts of Imperata cylindrica (L.) (Beauv.) and native vegetation competition on the productivity of Pinus taeda (L.) seedlings. In March 2003, 1-year-old pine seedlings were planted in the following treatments: vegetation free (VF), native competition (NC), and I. cylindrica (IC) competition. At the end of the study, only 26% of the IC seedlings
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Phosphorus Uptake Capacity of 14-Year-Old Loblolly Pine as Indicated by a 32P Root Bioassay For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Kurt D. Pennell, H. Lee Allen, William A. Jackson
Excised loblolly pine roots were exposed to a 32p-labelled solution for 20 minutes to measure their capacity for P uptake. On five dates from March 1985 to March 1986, root samples were collected from 14-year-old loblolly pine which had received 101 kg P · ha-1 and 0 kg P · ha-1 when they were planted. Phosphorus uptake by roots of nonfertilized loblolly pine (1.10 μmol P · g-1 · hr-1) was significantly
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Imputation and Model-Based Updating Techniques for Annual Forest Inventories For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Ronald E. McRoberts
The USDA Forest Service is developing an annual inventory system to establish the capability of producing annual estimates of timber volume and related variables. The inventory system features measurement of an annual sample of field plots with options for updating data for plots measured in previous years. One imputation and two model-based updating techniques are described and evaluated with respect
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Forest and Pasture Carbon Pools and Soil Respiration in the Southern Appalachian Mountains For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Paul V. Bolstad, James M. Vose
Our ability to estimate the changes in carbon (C) pools and fluxes due to forest conversion is hampered by a lack of comparative studies. We measured above- and belowground C pools and soil respiration flux at four forested and four pasture sites in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Above- and belowground C pools were significantly larger (P < 0.01, t-test) at forested sites relative to pasture sites
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Shoot Selection and the Rooting and Field Performance of Tropical Pine Cuttings For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 R. J. Haines, T. R. Copley, J. R. Huth, M. R. Nester
Several morphological features were significantly related to the rooting response, and subsequent field performance as rooted cuttings, of shoots collected from hedged stool plants of an F1 hybrid between Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis and P. tecunumanii. Results indicate that it will be possible to manipulate rooting and field performance by shoot selection at the time of harvest of cuttings. The
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Chance Constraints and Chance Maximization with Random Yield Coefficients in Renewable Resource Optimization For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 John G. Hof, Brian M. Kent, James B. Pickens
This paper treats a variety of approaches to account for random yield coefficients with known means and variances in renewable resource optimization models. General formulations are discussed first, followed by a forestry case example that demonstrates the formulations and resulting optimal solutions in a renewable resource application. Different approaches to approximating the normal cumulative density
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Impact of Alternative Regeneration Methods on Genetic Diversity in Coastal Douglas-Fir For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 W. Thomas Adams, Jinghua Zuo, Jarbas Y. Shimizu, John C. Tappeiner
Genetic implications of natural and artificial regeneration following three regeneration methods (group selection, shelterwood, and clearcut) were investigated in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) using genetic markers (17 allozyme loci). In general, harvesting followed by either natural or artificial regeneration resulted in offspring populations little altered
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Impact of Globalization and Policy Change on United States Softwood Lumber Trade For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Qing Xiang, Runsheng Yin
To examine the effects of global economic integration, public policy, and other factors on US softwood lumber trade, a demand and supply system for both exports and imports is estimated with panel data sets. We find that the combined impact of trading price and exchange rate before 2003 has made foreign lumber products much cheaper than those manufactured domestically. Furthermore, domestic economic
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Adjusted Inclusion Probabilities with 3P Sampling For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 George M. Furnival, Timothy G. Gregoire, Lewis R. Grosenbaugh
The mean square error efficiency of Grosenbaugh's (1964) adjusted 3P estimator is examined relative to four alternative estimators which use regression estimates of the conditional inclusion probabilities and true conditional inclusion probabilities. Actual mean square errors were calculated as the result of exhaustive sampling of populations that ranged in size from 9 elements to 144 elements and
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Herbivory and Fire Influence White Oak (Quercus alba L.) Seedling Vigor For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 A.S. Adams, L.K. Rieske
We manipulated arthropod and mammalian herbivory levels on white oak seedlings using a combination of insecticide applications and fencing and employed a split-split-plot design to assess the impact of single- and multiple-year burns on seedling growth over a 2 yr period. Herbivory levels increased over time on all sites, but there was no significant difference in herbivore pressure on seedlings in
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Disturbance-Mediated Accelerated Succession in Two Michigan Forest Types For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Marc D. Abrams, Michael L. Scott
In northern lower Michigan, logging accelerated sugar maple (Acer saccharum) dominance in a northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) community, and clear-cutting and burning quickly converted certain sites dominated by mature jack pine (Pinus banksiana) to early-successional hardwoods, including Prunus, Populus, and Quercus. In both forest types the succeeding hardwoods should continue to increase
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Positive Relationship between Aboveground Carbon Stocks and Structural Diversity in Spruce-Dominated Forest Stands in New Brunswick, Canada For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Weifeng Wang, Xiangdong Lei, Zhihai Ma, Daniel D. Kneeshaw, Changhui Peng
Maintaining both the structure and functionality of forest ecosystems is a primary goal of forest management. In this study, relationships between structural diversity and aboveground stand carbon (C) stocks were examined in spruce-dominated forests in New Brunswick, Canada. Tree species, size, and height diversity indices as well as a combination of these diversity indices were used to correlate aboveground
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Effects of Phosphorus and Ectomycorrhizas on the Carbon Balance of Loblolly Pine Seedlings For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 J. V. D. Rousseau, C. P. P. Reid
The influence of phosphorus fertilization and mycorrhizal development on net photosynthesis, dry matter, shoot-root partitioning, and shoot dark respiration was examined in loblolly pine. Seedlings, initially grown for 10 weeks under low phosphorus (P) conditions, were either fertilized with 0.1, 1.0, 4.0, 8.0, or 12.0 μg g-1 p and left nonmycorrhizal, or inoculated with three different concentrations
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Research and Development Operations and Foreign Expansion of Multinational Companies: Evidence from Forest Industry Microdata For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Susanna Laaksonen-Craig, Jussi Uusivuori
This article examines the impacts of research and development on the mode of multinational expansion (exports versus foreign sales) by forest products companies, and the effects of firms' international strategy on the level of research and development investments. A theoretical model of imperfect competition between international companies is derived and company-level data representing Finnish forest
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Crown Class Transition Rates of Maturing Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra L.) For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Jeffrey S. Ward, George R. Stephens
Crown classes and diameters of 704 northern red oaks on medium quality sites were measured at 10-yr intervals between 1927-1987. Nominal age of northern red oaks at the beginning of the study was 25 yr. Mortality rates between ages 25-55 and between ages 55-85 decreased with each increase in crown class (i.e., mortality of dominant is < codominant is < intermediate is < suppressed). Ascension rates
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Genetic and Environmental Components of Variation of Site Index in Inland Douglas-Fir For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Robert A. Monserud, Gerald E. Rehfeldt
Results from two disparate and independent studies of inland Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb] Franco var. glauca) were combined to answer the following questions: First, how much variation in site index is associated with genetic variation? Second, what is the relative importance of the genetic and environmental components of phenotypic variation in explaining differences in mean height among
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Predicting Future Forestland Area: A Comparison of Econometric Approaches For. Sci. (IF 1.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 SoEun Ahn, Andrew J. Plantinga, Ralph J. Alig
. Predictions of future forestland area are an important component of forest policy analyses. In this article, we test the ability of econometric land use models to accurately forecast forest area. We construct a panel data set for Alabama consisting of county and time-series observation for the period 1964 to 1992. We estimate models using restricted data sets—namely, data from early periods—and use