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Surface Air-Pressure Measurements From Space Using Differential Absorption Radar on the Right Wing of the 60 GHz Oxygen Band Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 A. Battaglia, E. Rumi, R. Reeves, I. Sikaneta, S. D’Addio
Surface air pressure is one of the most important parameters used in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. Although it has been measured using weather stations on the ground for many decades, the numbers of measurements are sparse and concentrated on land. Few measurements from buoys and ships are available over ocean. Global measurements can only be achieved by using remote sensing from Space
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Assessment of Pre- and Post-Fire Fuel Availability for Wildfire Management Based on L-Band Polarimetric SAR Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Karen An, Cathleen E. Jones, Yunling Lou
Many communities coexist with wildfires that lead to loss of lives, property, and ecosystem services. Remote sensing tools can aid disaster response and post-event assessment, offering fire agencies opportunities for additional surveillance with radar, an all-weather instrument that can image day or night. The Station (2009) and Bobcat (2020) Fires are the two largest fires in Los Angeles County history
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An Experimental Study on EUV-To-Magnetogram Image Translation Using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Markus Dannehl, Véronique Delouille, Vincent Barra
Deep generative models have recently become popular in heliophysics for their capacity to fill in gaps in solar observational data sets, thereby helping mitigating the data scarcity issue faced in space weather forecasting. A particular type of deep generative models, called conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGAN), has been used since a few years in the context of image-to-image (I2I) translation
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Comparison of the Climatic Characteristics of Ozone Valley Over the Tibetan Plateau and the Rocky Mountains Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Lin Shen, Jian Rao, Dong Guo, Junfeng Yang, Qilu Wang
This study compares the ozone valleys over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the Rocky Mountains (RM) using the ERA5 reanalysis data set. The dynamical transport of the ozone over these two regions is analyzed using the Lorenz circulation decomposition method. The ozone content valley over TP is observed around 200–50 hPa (upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, or UTLS), and that over RM is around 300–100 hPa
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Thank You to Our 2023 Reviewers Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Graziella Caprarelli, David Baratoux, Cinzia Cervato, Paolo Diviacco, Alina Donea, Steven J. Fletcher, Chelle Gentemann, Helen M. Glaves, Jonathan H. Jiang, Cathleen E. Jones, Astrid Maute, Franklin P. Mills, Sara C. Pryor, Kristy Tiampo, Zunyi Xie
The Editors and Staff of Earth and Space Science thank the reviewers whose selfless work has significantly contributed to the publication process of papers highlighting the best research in geophysics, planetary, and space science in 2023. Peer-reviewing is a demanding and thankless job. It is however an essential component of the scientific process, requiring the highest standards of integrity and
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Observed Global Changes in Sector-Relevant Climate Extremes Indices—An Extension to HadEX3 Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Robert J. H. Dunn, Nicholas Herold, Lisa V. Alexander, Markus G. Donat, Rob Allan, Margot Bador, Manola Brunet, Vincent Cheng, Wan Maisarah Wan Ibadullah, Muhammad Khairul Izzat Bin Ibrahim, Andries Kruger, Hisayuki Kubota, Tanya J. R. Lippmann, Jose Marengo, Sifiso Mbatha, Simon McGree, Sandile Ngwenya, Jose Daniel Pabon Caicedo, Andrea Ramos, Jim Salinger, Gerard van der Schrier, Arvind Srivastava
Global gridded data sets of observed extremes indices underpin assessments of changes in climate extremes. However, similar efforts to enable the assessment of indices relevant to different sectors of society have been missing. Here we present a data set of sector-specific indices, based on daily station data, that extends the HadEX3 data set of climate extremes indices. These additional indices, which
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Refined Short-Term Forecasting Atmospheric Temperature Profiles in the Stratosphere Based on Operators Learning of Neural Networks Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Biao Chen, Zheng Sheng, Fei Cui
The efficacious forecasting of single-station atmospheric temperature profiles can provide essential support for the structural design and flight missions of spacecrafts in near space. However, empirical models and reference atmospheric models most are calculations of the average state of the atmosphere profiles. Numerical assimilation models require expensive computational costs to improve the accuracy
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Evaluation of the Empirical Scaling Factor of Joule Heating Rates in TIE-GCM With EISCAT Measurements Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Florian Günzkofer, Huixin Liu, Gunter Stober, Dimitry Pokhotelov, Claudia Borries
Joule heating is one of the main energy inputs into the thermosphere-ionosphere system. Precise modeling of this process is essential for any space weather application. Existing thermosphere-ionosphere models tend to underestimate the actual Joule heating rate quite significantly. The Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General-Circulation-Model applies an empirical scaling factor of 1.5 for compensation
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Subduction Within the Proto-Tethys Ocean Revealed by Recognition of the Earliest Phanerozoic Intra-Oceanic Arc, Northern Tibetan Plateau Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Changlei Fu, Zhen Yan, Jonathan C. Aitchison, Wenjiao Xiao, Solomon Buckman, Bingzhang Wang
The possibility that the Proto-Tethys Ocean may have undergone intra-oceanic subduction during ocean closure remains poorly constrained due to a lack of geological evidence for a mature intra-oceanic arc. Here we present new geochemical and geochronological data for potential arc-related volcanic rocks adjacent to the accretionary complex and forearc basin in the North Qaidam collisional belt, northern
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Probabilistic Petrophysical Reconstruction of Danta's Alpine Peatland via Electromagnetic Induction Data Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 N. Zaru, S. Silvestri, M. Assiri, P. Bai, T. M. Hansen, G. Vignoli
Peatlands are fundamental deposits of organic carbon. Thus, their protection is of crucial importance to avoid emissions from their degradation. Peat is a mixture of organic soil that originates from the accumulation of wetland plants under continuous or cyclical anaerobic conditions for long periods. Hence, a precise quantification of peat deposits is extremely important; for that, remote- and proximal-sensing
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Issue Information Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-27
No abstract is available for this article.
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High- and Low-Frequency Waveform Analysis the Marsquake of Sol 1222: Focal Mechanism, Centroid Moment Tensor Inversion and Source Time Function Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-23 D. Malytskyy, D. Křížová, P. Lognonné, T. Kawamura, C. Perrin, M. Plasman, Z. Xu, R. Maguire
The seismometer onboard InSight NASA Mars mission discovered a seismically active planet. We focused on the strongest event named S1222a (4 May 2022, Mw ∼ 4.7), which was recorded by the Very Broad Band sensors and associated channel ELYSE and is located 37.2° away from InSight. We use two different methods based on a point source approach for an elastic, horizontally layered medium to retrieve source
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The Spatiotemporal Clustering of Short-Duration Rainstorms in Shanghai City Using a Sub-Hourly Gauge Network Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Nuo Lei, Lisha Gao, Shuguang Liu, Zhengzheng Zhou
Impacted by both the large-scale climate change and the local hydrometeorological atmosphere, the spatiotemporal structure and properties of short-duration extreme rainfall events in urban areas remain a complex issue. This study explores the spatiotemporal pattern variability of short-duration rainstorm events using an exceptional sub-hourly gauge network in Shanghai, China. A catalog of 207 “independent”
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Harnessing the Power of Graph Representation in Climate Forecasting: Predicting Global Monthly Mean Sea Surface Temperatures and Anomalies Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Ding Ning, Varvara Vetrova, Karin R. Bryan, Yun Sing Koh
The variability of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) is crucial in climate dynamics, influencing marine ecosystems and human activities. This study leverages graph neural networks (GNNs), specifically a GraphSAGE model, to forecast SSTs and their anomalies (SSTAs), focusing on the global scale structure of climatological data. We introduce an improved graph construction technique for SST teleconnection
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Prediction of Tsunami Alert Levels Using Deep Learning Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 M. de la Asunción
Tsunami simulations require powerful computational resources to be performed efficiently. Although the modern graphics processing units (GPUs) allow the acceleration of this kind of simulations, they can still last many minutes or even hours for simulations which have to deal with very high spatial resolutions or simulation times. In this paper, we propose a method to predict the alert or inundation
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ML-Based Hybrid SAR and Optical Image LULC Mapping and Change Analysis With Variations in the Air Quality of the Imphal Valley, North-East India Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Priyanka Gupta, Arun Kumar Shukla, Dericks Praise Shukla
Imphal Valley, situated in Manipur, India, stands as an intermontane valley of great ecological significance, notably hosting Loktak Lake. This research delves into the Land Use Land Cover Change (LULCC) within the Imphal Valley from 2016 to 2021 and assesses their impact on air quality across distinct land cover types. We used Sentinel-1 & 2 data, ALOS PALSAR Digital Elevation Model, and applied Random
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Drought-Induced Vertical Displacements and Water Loss in the Po River Basin (Northern Italy) From GNSS Measurements Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 F. Pintori, E. Serpelloni
We study vertical ground displacement time series from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations to measure deformation associated with hydrological drought in the Po river basin. Focusing on interannual trend changes, rather than seasonal (annual) components, we found a clear spatially correlated deformation signal that is temporally (anti)correlated with changes in the Po river level and
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The Impact of Lightning NOx Production on Ground-Level Ozone in Tehran Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Maryam Gharaylou, Nafiseh Pegahfar, Omid Alizadeh
Lightning-generated nitrogen oxides (LNOx) have an impact on the concentration of ground-level ozone which acts as a toxic air pollutant, thereby negatively influencing human health and the environment. To understand the impact of LNOx on ground-level ozone, we simulated four thunderstorm events in Tehran using the WRF-Chem model. As observations of LNOx are not available, we evaluated the temporal
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Attributing Extreme Precipitation Characteristics in South China Pearl River Delta Region to Anthropogenic Influences Based on Pseudo Global Warming Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Rui Zhao, Chi-Yung Tam, Sai-Ming Lee, Junwen Chen
In the context of human-induced warming climate, the atmosphere is expected to hold a greater amount of water vapor, leading to heavier precipitation on a global scale. However, the extent to which changes in extreme rainfall can be attributed to human influences varies at regional scales. Here we conduct attribution analyses on 40 extreme precipitation events in different seasons during 1998–2018
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Improving Mountain Snowpack Estimation Using Machine Learning With Sentinel-1, the Airborne Snow Observatory, and University of Arizona Snowpack Data Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Patrick Broxton, Mohammad Reza Ehsani, Ali Behrangi
Accurate mapping of snow amount in the mountains is critical as mountain snowpacks are water supply for millions of people. Satellite remote sensing has been largely unable to reliably detect the amount of snowpack in these areas. Recently, C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from the Sentinel-1 (S1) satellites have shown potential for measuring snow depth in the mountains. However, their spatiotemporal
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Leveraging Spatial Metadata in Machine Learning for Improved Objective Quantification of Geological Drill Core Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Lewis J. C. Grant, Miquel Massot-Campos, Rosalind M. Coggon, Blair Thornton, Francesca C. Rotondo, Michelle Harris, Aled D. Evans, Damon A. H. Teagle
Here we present a method for using the spatial x–y coordinate of an image cropped from the cylindrical surface of digital 3D drill core images and demonstrate how this spatial metadata can be used to improve unsupervised machine learning performance. This approach is applicable to any data set with known spatial context, however, here it is used to classify 400 m of drillcore imagery into 12 distinct
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Satellite NO2 Trends and Hotspots Over Offshore Oil and Gas Operations in the Gulf of Mexico Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Niko M. Fedkin, Ryan M. Stauffer, Anne M. Thompson, Debra E. Kollonige, Holli D. Wecht, Nellie Elguindi
The Outer Continental Shelf of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) is populated with numerous oil and natural gas (ONG) platforms which produce NOx (NOx = NO + NO2), a major component of air pollution. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) is mandated to ensure that the air quality of coastal states is not degraded by these emissions. As part of a NASA-BOEM collaboration, we conducted a satellite data-based
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Global Predicted Bathymetry Using Neural Networks Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Hugh Harper, David T. Sandwell
A coherent portrayal of global bathymetry requires that depths are inferred between sparsely distributed direct depth measurements. Depths can be interpolated in the gaps using alternate information such as satellite-derived gravity and a mapping from gravity to depth. We designed and trained a neural network on a collection of 50 million depth soundings to predict bathymetry globally using gravity
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Advancements in Individual Tree Detection and Forest Structural Attributes Estimation From LiDAR Data: MSITD and SAFER Approaches Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Mohammad Fallah, Hossein Aghighi, Aliakbar Matkan
Currently, the information on the structural attributes of forests, such as the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the aboveground biomass (AGB), is being used widely in various disciplines. In this study, we first proposed a novel tree detection algorithm called multi-scale individual tree detection (MSITD) algorithm, which combines the strengths of raster-based and point-based approaches in order
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Multi-Spacecraft Magnetic Field Reconstructions: A Cross-Scale Comparison of Methods Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 T. Broeren, K. G. Klein, J. M. TenBarge
Space plasma studies frequently use in situ magnetic field measurements taken from many spacecraft simultaneously. A useful data product of these measurements is the reconstructed magnetic field in a volume near the spacecraft observatory. We compare a standard Linear method of computing the magnetic field at arbitrary spatial points to two novel approaches: a Radial Basis Function interpolation and
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A Deep Learning Method for Dynamic Process Modeling of Real Landslides Based on Fourier Neural Operator Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Yanglong Chen, Chaojun Ouyang, Qingsong Xu, Weibin Yang
The conventional numerical solvers for partial differential equations encounter a formidable challenge, as their computational efficiency and accuracy are heavily contingent on grid size. Recently, machine learning (ML) has exhibited substantial promise in addressing partial differential equations. Nevertheless, substantial hurdles persist in practical applications. In this work, we endeavor to establish
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Multi-Platform Observations of Severe Typhoon Koinu Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 J. Y. He, P. W. Chan, C. W. Choy, P. Cheung, Y. W. Chan, C. C. Lam, Y. H. He, P. Rong, H. Su, Z. M. Li
Severe Typhoon Koinu passed south of Hong Kong on 8 and 9 October 2023, triggering the issuance of the Increasing Gale or Storm Signal No. 9, the second highest tropical cyclone (TC) warning signal in Hong Kong. Koinu was a difficult case for TC warning service due to its compact size and rather erratic movement over the coastal waters of Guangdong. To monitor Koinu's movement and wind structure, the
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Improving GNSS PPP Performance in the South China Under Different Weather Conditions by Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model-Derived Wet Delay Corrections Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Yangzhao Gong, Zhizhao Liu, Shiwei Yu, Pak Wai Chan, Kai Kwong Hon
Atmospheric wet delay caused by Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) significantly impacts the performance of many geodetic surveying systems such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). In this study, we use wet delay corrections forecast by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to enhance GNSS Precise Point Positioning (PPP) during two observation periods with two different weather conditions
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Calibration of Swarm Ion Density, Drift, and Effective Mass Measurements Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Johnathan K. Burchill, Levan Lomidze
We calibrate the Swarm Langmuir Probe Ion Drift, Density and Effective Mass (SLIDEM) products using the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC-1) electron density measurements. SLIDEM combines electric current measurements from the Electric Field Instrument faceplate (situated on the ram-facing side of the satellite) with ion admittance measurements from a spherical
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The Middle Niger Basin in Nigeria Has a Rift Origin, as Revealed by the Inversion and Modeling of Gravity and Magnetic Data Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Naheem Banji Salawu, Kamaldeen Olakunle L. Omosanya, Dominique Fournier
The NW-SE oriented Middle Niger Basin, which is a Campano-Maastrichtian inland basin has been the subject of debate among geoscientists regarding its origin and development. This paper aims to unravel the basin's origin and evolution by using high-resolution magnetic, gravity, and topographical data. The integration of aeromagnetic and gravity data provides a means to assess the influence of igneous
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Structural Controls of the Expansion of Small-Scale Artisanal Gold of Bouda Area (Kaya-Goren Green Belt, Burkina Faso) From Remote Sensing Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 R. A. I. Dao, H. Ilboudo, D. Baratoux
Small-scale artisanal mining is a vital sector of the economy of Burkina Faso. This activity, correctly regulated, remains essential for the population despite security issues since 2015. Exploration of new areas for gold mining in this condition is difficult but essential to continue extractive activities. It is, therefore, important to define viable corridors, with science-based evidence for the
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Oriented Bedrock Samples Drilled by the Perseverance Rover on Mars Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Benjamin P. Weiss, Elias N. Mansbach, Joseph L. Carsten, Kyle W. Kaplan, Justin N. Maki, Roger C. Wiens, Tanja Bosak, Curtis L. Collins, Jennifer Fentress, Joshua M. Feinberg, Yulia Goreva, Megan Kennedy Wu, Tara A. Estlin, Douglas E. Klein, Rachel E. Kronyak, Robert C. Moeller, Nicholas Peper, Adriana Reyes-Newell, Mark A. Sephton, David L. Shuster, Justin I. Simon, Kenneth H. Williford, Kathryn W
A key objective of the Perseverance rover mission is to acquire samples of Martian rocks for future return to Earth. Eventual laboratory analyses of these samples would address key questions about the evolution of the Martian climate, interior, and habitability. Many such investigations would benefit greatly from samples of Martian bedrock that are oriented in absolute Martian geographic coordinates
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Ground Heat Flux Reconstruction Using Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification Machinery and Surrogate Modeling Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Wenbo Zhou, Liujing Zhang, Aleksey Sheshukov, Jingfeng Wang, Modi Zhu, Khachik Sargsyan, Donghui Xu, Desheng Liu, Tianqi Zhang, Valeriy Mazepa, Alexandr Sokolov, Victor Valdayskikh, Valeriy Ivanov
Ground heat flux (G0) is a key component of the land-surface energy balance of high-latitude regions. Despite its crucial role in controlling permafrost degradation due to global warming, G0 is sparsely measured and not well represented in the outputs of global scale model simulation. In this study, an analytical heat transfer model is tested to reconstruct G0 across seasons using soil temperature
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Machine Learning-Based Wave Model With High Spatial Resolution in Chesapeake Bay Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Jian Shen, Zhengui Wang, Jiabi Du, Yinglong J. Zhang, Qubin Qin
A high-resolution wave model is crucial for accurate modeling of sediment and organic material transports, but its computational costs hinder direct coupling to an ecosystem model. We developed a machine learning model using long short-term memory to simulate large-scale, high-resolution waves. Trained with numerical wave model (NWM) outputs and wind data from nine locations, our model successfully
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On the Non-Linear Nature of Long-Term Sea Surface Temperature Global Trends Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 B. Martinez-Lopez, A. I. Quintanar, W. D. Cabos-Narvaez, E. Moreles
The year-to-year rate and acceleration of the changes in global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for 1870–2022 are determined using non-linear techniques. Our methodology identifies the non-linear, long-term tendencies of the warming, revealing subtle but essential features of the SST changes that are impossible to identify by linear techniques. Our analysis identifies inhomogeneous patterns of SST
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Issue Information Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-28
No abstract is available for this article.
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Impacts of Local Green's Functions on Modeling Atmospheric Loading Effects for GNSS Reference Stations Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-25 Wenlan Fan, Weiping Jiang, Zhao Li, Jun Tao, Ze Wang, Linyu He
The Green's function approach is well-established and widely used for modeling the surface mass loading displacements. Global mean Green's functions (MGFs) are commonly applied without considering local variations of the crustal structure. Derived from the modified layered Earth structure, the local Green's functions (LGFs) are theoretically beneficial to generate more accurate deformation, since they
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TGFs, Gamma-Ray Glows, and Direct Lightning Strike Radiation Observed During a Single Flight of a Balloon-Borne Gamma-Ray Spectrometer Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-24 Christopher Helmerich, Todd McKinney, Everett Cavanaugh, Sarah Dangelo
Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) and other high-energy radiation phenomena related to thunderstorms remain incompletely understood since their discovery nearly 30 years ago. Space and ground-based platforms have provided insights, but limitations exist in temporal resolution, signal-to-noise ratios, and proximity to events. This study presents findings from a balloon-borne gamma-ray spectrometer
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Formation and Dynamics of a Coherent Coastal Freshwater Influenced System Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Benjamin I. Barton, Michela De Dominicis, Rory O’Hara Murray, Judith Wolf, Alejandro Gallego
On the Northwest European Shelf rivers provide freshwater to the coastal seas. This coastal freshwater can be misrepresented in ocean models without effective coastal resolution. This leaves an unanswered question; is freshwater retained around Scotland and what affects its variability? Here, we deploy and run an unstructured model with enhanced coastal resolution to simulate the Northwest European
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Optimization of a Tsunami Gauge Configuration for Pseudo-Super-Resolution of Wave Height Distribution Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Saneiki Fujita, Reika Nomura, Shuji Moriguchi, Yu Otake, Shunichi Koshimura, Randall J. LeVeque, Kenjiro Terada
In this study, we present an optimization method for determining a cost-effective sparse configuration for tsunami gauges to realize the reconstruction of high-resolution wave height distribution throughout the target region based on the concept of super-resolution. This optimization method consists of three procedures. First, we generate time series data of tsunami wave heights at synthetic gauges
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Retrieval of Rotational Temperatures From the Arecibo Observatory Ebert-Fastie Spectrometer and Their Inter-Comparison With Co-Located K-Lidar and SABER Measurements Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Sukanta Sau, Pedrina Terra, Christiano G. M. Brum, Fabio A. Vargas, Jens Lautenbach, S. Gurubaran
Rotational temperatures in the Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere region are estimated by utilizing the OH(6,2) Meinel band nightglow data obtained with an Ebert-Fastie spectrometer (EFS) operated at Arecibo Observatory (AO), Puerto Rico (18.35°N, 66.75°W) during February-April 2005. To validate the estimated rotational temperatures, a comparison with temperatures obtained from a co-located Potassium Temperature
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Seis2Rock: A Data-Driven Approach to Direct Petrophysical Inversion of Pre-Stack Seismic Data Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 M. Corrales, H. Hoteit, M. Ravasi
The inversion of petrophysical parameters from seismic data represents a fundamental step in the process of characterizing the subsurface, with applications ranging from subsurface resource exploration to geothermal, carbon capture and storage, and hydrogen storage. We propose a novel, data-driven approach, named Seis2Rock, that utilizes optimal basis functions learned from well-log information to
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GNSS Radio Occultation Data in the AWS Cloud Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 S. S. Leroy, A. E. McVey, S. M. Leidner, H. Zhang, H. Gleisner
Radio occultation (RO) by the Earth's atmosphere of the transmitted signals of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems' satellites has improved numerical weather prediction, has benefited atmospheric process studies, and benchmarked climate change by its strong traceability to the international definition of the second. Until now, research with RO has been isolated to the few centers that actually
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Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Context Camera Updated In-Flight Calibration Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 S. H. G. Walter, K.-M. Aye, R. Jaumann, F. Postberg
The image data of the Context Camera (CTX) of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter require a flat-field correction that is currently available as a plain text file in the Planetary Data System “Calib” folders for all CTX Enhanced Data Record releases or automatically implemented as part of the ctxcal application of the Integrated Software for Images and Spectrometers (ISIS). We noticed (a) differences between
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Prototype System for Unmanned Reference Point Determination at the Sub-Millimeter Level Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Zhibin Zhang, Zhikang Wang, Xiaohui Ma, Zhengxiong Sun, Dezhen Xu, Chengli Huang, Guangli Wang, Zhaoxiang Qi
The determination of reference points for telescopes is crucial for obtaining the local-tie vector for a multi-technology co-located station. Traditional methods suffer from labor-intensive fieldwork, long execution cycles, and systematic errors due to the incident angle of the total station's laser beam on the prism. In this paper, we propose an algorithm aligning the prism pointing vector with the
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Calculations of Arctic Ice-Ocean Interface Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) Transmittance Values Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 B. H. Redmond Roche, M. D. King
Sea ice algae play an important role in the Arctic Ocean ecosystem, driving primary production in the spring and sequestering carbon to the deep ocean. Up to 45% of Arctic Ocean primary production occurs in ice-covered areas; photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is fundamental to driving this production. Sea ice, and particularly snow, strongly scatter and reflect light, reducing the amount of
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Long-Term Stability, Noise, and Temperature Sensitivity of Modular Porous-Pot Electrodes Designed for Geophysical and Geotechnical Applications, and Details of Their Construction Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Matthew J. Comeau, Stefan Ueding, Michael Becken
Electrodes are used to measure a potential difference between two points. In geophysical and geotechnical applications they are often in the form of non-polarizable porous-pot electrodes. Here we describe the design, construction, and testing of modular and refillable electrodes, which facilitates repair as the electrodes degrade over time. We use a chemical composition based on a metal in contact
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Integrated Algorithm for High-Resolution Crustal-Scale Imaging Using Complementary OBS and Streamer Data Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Toktam Zand, Andrzej Górszczyk
We present an integrated algorithm for high-resolution crustal-scale imaging utilizing long-offset wide-angle ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) data and short-offset multichannel streamer (MCS) data. The algorithm adopts a two-step imaging strategy, initially using the OBS data to enhance deep structure imaging and capture long-wavelength features of the migration velocity. Subsequently, the MCS data
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An Object-Based Approach to Differentiate Pores and Microfractures in Petrographic Analysis Using Explainable, Supervised Machine Learning Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Issac Sujay Anand John Jayachandran, Holly Catherine Gibbs, Juan Carlos Laya, Yemna Qaiser, Talha Khan, Mohammed Ishaq Mohammed Shoeb Ansari, Mohammed Yaqoob Ansari, Mohammed Malyah, Nayef Alyafei, Thomas Daniel Seers
Petrographic observations are vital for carbonate pore-typing, linking geological frameworks to petrophysical behavior. However, current petrographic pore typing is manual, with the qualitative to semi-quantitative results not easily fitted into quantitative subsurface characterization. Some recent studies have automated this process using supervised machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), focusing
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A Geostratigraphic Map of the Rachmaninoff Basin Area: Integrating Morphostratigraphic and Spectral Units on Mercury Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Jack Wright, Francesca Zambon, Cristian Carli, Francesca Altieri, Claudia M. Pöhler, David A. Rothery, Carolyn H. van der Bogert, Angelo Pio Rossi, Matteo Massironi, Matthew R. Balme, Susan J. Conway
Geological maps of Earth typically incorporate field observations of rock lithology, structure, composition, and more. In contrast, conventional planetary geological maps are often made using primarily qualitative morphostratigraphic remote sensing observations of planetary surfaces. However, it is possible to define independent quantitative spectral units (SUs) of planetary surfaces, which potentially
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Interdependencies Between Wildfire-Induced Alterations in Soil Properties, Near-Surface Processes, and Geohazards Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Farshid Vahedifard, Masood Abdollahi, Ben A. Leshchinsky, Timothy D. Stark, Mojtaba Sadegh, Amir AghaKouchak
The frequency, severity, and spatial extent of destructive wildfires have increased in several regions globally over the past decades. While direct impacts from wildfires are devastating, the hazardous legacy of wildfires affects nearby communities long after the flames have been extinguished. Post-wildfire soil conditions control the persistence, severity, and timing of cascading geohazards in burned
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2D Near-Surface Full-Waveform Tomography Reveals Bedrock Controls on Critical Zone Architecture Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 B. J. Eppinger, W. S. Holbrook, Z. Liu, B. A. Flinchum, J. Tromp
For decades, seismic imaging methods have been used to study the critical zone, Earth's thin, life-supporting skin. The vast majority of critical zone seismic studies use traveltime tomography, which poorly resolves heterogeneity at many scales relevant to near-surface processes, therefore limiting progress in critical zone science. Full-waveform tomography can overcome this limitation by leveraging
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Comparison of Forecasting Biases Over New York State Mesonet: A Wet Summer Versus a Dry Summer Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Lanxi Min, Qilong Min, Chiming Wang
Extreme weather events are occurring with increasing frequent due to the climate change. This increasing frequency may introduce more uncertainty in weather forecasting model performance, particularly when considering the intricate relationship of the land surface and atmosphere coupling system. In this study, we utilize data from the sophisticated New York State Mesonet to evaluate the performance
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FY-4A/AGRI Infrared Brightness Temperature Estimation of Precipitation Based on Multi-Model Ensemble Learning Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Gen Wang, Wei Han, Song Ye, Song Yuan, Jing Wang, Feng Xie
Satellite infrared detectors cannot penetrate clouds, especially precipitating clouds. Improving precipitation estimation accuracy based on infrared brightness temperature has always been important but challenging. In this paper, based on the infrared brightness temperature of the Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager (AGRI) onboard China's Feng-Yun 4A satellite, we develop and evaluate a new precipitation
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Analysis of ICESat-2 Data Acquisition Algorithm Parameter Enhancements to Improve Worldwide Bathymetric Coverage Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-03 James T. Dietrich, Ann Rackley Reese, Aimée Gibbons, Lori A. Magruder, Christopher E. Parrish
A major advance in global bathymetric observation occurred in 2018 with the launch of NASA’s ICESat-2 satellite, carrying a green-wavelength, photon-counting lidar, the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS). Although bathymetric measurement was not initially a design goal for the mission, pre- and post-launch studies revealed ATLAS’s notable bathymetric mapping capability. ICESat-2 bathymetry
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Ozone Concentration Estimation and Meteorological Impact Quantification in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Based on Machine Learning Models Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Zheng Luo, Peilan Lu, Zhen Chen, Run Liu
Accurate estimation of ozone (O3) concentrations and quantitative meteorological contribution are crucial for effective control of O3 pollution. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in leveraging machine learning for O3 pollution research due to its advantages, such as high accuracy, strong generalization, and ease of use. In this study, we utilized meteorological parameters obtained
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Electrical Properties of Vertical Dominant Charge Structures Observed in Corsican Thunderstorms With a LMA Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Ronan Houel, Eric Defer, Dominique Lambert, Serge Prieur, Stéphane Pédeboy
Lightning characteristics of Corsican storms with different charge structures are investigated in this study. Observations of an LMA network are used to document the total lightning activity. Complementary lightning observations of the lightning detection network Météorage are also used. A clustering algorithm is used to build a database of electrical cells from June to October 2018. A method is also
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Deep Learning for Daily 2-m Temperature Downscaling Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Shuyan Ding, Xiefei Zhi, Yang Lyu, Yan Ji, Weijun Guo
This study proposes a novel method, which is a U-shaped convolutional neural network that combines non-local attention mechanisms, Res2net residual modules, and terrain information (UNR-Net). The original U-Net method and the linear regression (LR) method are conducted as benchmarks. Generally, the UNR-Net has demonstrated promise in performing a 10× downscaling for daily 2-m temperature over North
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Feasibility of Passive Sounding of Uranian Moons Using Uranian Kilometric Radiation Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 A. Romero-Wolf, G. Steinbrügge, J. Castillo-Rogez, C. J. Cochrane, T. A. Nordheim, K. L. Mitchell, N. S. Wolfenbarger, D. M. Schroeder, S. Peters
We present a feasibility study for passive sounding of Uranian icy moons using Uranian Kilometric Radio (UKR) emissions in the 100–900 kHz band. We provide a summary description of the observation geometry, the UKR characteristics, and estimate the sensitivity for an instrument analogous to the Cassini Radio Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) but with a modified receiver digitizer and signal processing chain
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Issue Information Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-30
No abstract is available for this article.