-
A Novel Ionospheric Inversion Model: PINN-SAMI3 (Physics Informed Neural Network Based on SAMI3) Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-04-14 Jiayu Ma, Haiyang Fu, J. D. Huba, Yaqiu Jin
Purely data-driven ionospheric modeling fails to adequately obey fundamental physical laws. To overcome this shortcoming, we propose a novel ionospheric inversion model, Physics-Informed Neural Network based on fully physical models SAMI3 (PINN-SAMI3). The model incorporates the governing equations of the ionospheric physical model SAMI3 into the neural network to reconstruct the temporal-spatial distribution
-
Nowcasting Solar EUV Irradiance With Photospheric Magnetic Fields and the Mg II Index Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-04-13 Kara L. Kniezewski, Samuel J. Schonfeld, Carl J. Henney
A new method to nowcast spectral irradiance in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and far ultraviolet (FUV) bands is presented here, utilizing only solar photospheric magnetograms and the Mg II index (i.e., the core-to-wing ratio). The EUV and FUV modeling outlined here is a direct extension of the SIFT (Solar Indices Forecasting Tool) model, based on Henney et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014sw001118)
-
Calculating the High-Latitude Ionospheric Electrodynamics Using a Machine Learning-Based Field-Aligned Current Model Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 V. Sai Gowtam, Hyunju Connor, Bharat S. R. Kunduri, Joachim Raeder, Karl M. Laundal, S. Tulasi Ram, Dogacan S. Ozturk, Donald Hampton, Shibaji Chakraborty, Charles Owolabi, Amy Keesee
We introduce a new framework called Machine Learning (ML) based Auroral Ionospheric electrodynamics Model (ML-AIM). ML-AIM solves a current continuity equation by utilizing the ML model of Field Aligned Currents of Kunduri et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA027908), the FAC-derived auroral conductance model of Robinson et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028008), and the solar irradiance
-
Effects of Forbush Decreases on the Global Electric Circuit Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 J. Tacza, G. Li, J.-P. Raulin
The suppression of high-energy cosmic rays, known as Forbush decreases (FDs), represents a promising factor in influencing the global electric circuit (GEC) system. Researchers have delved into these effects by examining variations, often disruptive, of the potential gradient (PG) in ground-based measurements taken in fair weather regions. In this paper, we aim to investigate deviations observed in
-
Exploring Localized Geomagnetic Disturbances in Global MHD: Physics and Numerics Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Erik M. Vandegriff, Daniel T. Welling, Agnit Mukhopadhyay, Andrew P. Dimmock, Steven K. Morley, Ramon E. Lopez
One of the prominent effects of space weather is the formation of rapid geomagnetic field variations on Earth's surface driven by the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. These geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs) cause geomagnetically induced currents to run through ground conducting systems. In particular, localized GMDs (LGMDs) can be high amplitude and can have an effect on scale sizes less than 100 km
-
A Comparison of Auroral Oval Proxies With the Boundaries of the Auroral Electrojets Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Simon James Walker, Karl Magnus Laundal, Jone Peter Reistad, Anders Ohma, Spencer Mark Hatch, Gareth Chisham, Margot Decotte
The boundaries of the auroral oval and auroral electrojets are an important source of information for understanding the coupling between the solar wind and the near-earth plasma environment. Of these two types of boundaries the auroral electrojet boundaries have received comparatively little attention, and even less attention has been given to the connection between the two. Here we introduce a technique
-
The Loss of Starlink Satellites in February 2022: How Moderate Geomagnetic Storms Can Adversely Affect Assets in Low-Earth Orbit Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 Yoshita Baruah, Souvik Roy, Suvadip Sinha, Erika Palmerio, Sanchita Pal, Denny M. Oliveira, Dibyendu Nandy
On 3 February 2022, SpaceX launched 49 Starlink satellites, 38 of which unexpectedly de-orbited. Although this event was attributed to space weather, definitive causality remained elusive because space weather conditions were not extreme. In this study, we identify solar sources of the interplanetary coronal mass ejections that were responsible for the geomagnetic storms around the time of launch of
-
Modeling Geomagnetically Induced Currents in the Alberta Power Network: Comparison and Validation Using Hall Probe Measurements During a Magnetic Storm Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Darcy Cordell, Ian R. Mann, Hannah Parry, Martyn J. Unsworth, Ryan Cui, Colin Clark, Eva Kelemen, Ryan MacMullin
During space weather events, geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs) induce geoelectric fields which drive geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) through electrically-grounded power transmission lines. Alberta, Canada—located near the auroral zone and thus prone to large GMDs—has a dense network of magnetometer stations and surface impedance measurements to better characterize the GMD and ground conductivity
-
PyIRI: Whole-Globe Approach to the International Reference Ionosphere Modeling Implemented in Python Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Victoriya V. Forsythe, Dieter Bilitza, Angeline G. Burrell, Kenneth F. Dymond, Bruce A. Fritz, Sarah E. McDonald
The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model is widely used in the ionospheric community and considered the gold standard for empirical ionospheric models. The development of this model was initiated in the late 1960s using the FORTRAN language; for its programming approach, the model outputs were calculated separately for each given geographic location and time stamp. The Consultative Committee
-
Assimilating Space-Based Thermospheric Neutral Density (TND) Data Into the TIE-GCM Coupled Model During Periods With Low and High Solar Activity Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-03-31 Mona Kosary, Saeed Farzaneh, Maike Schumacher, Ehsan Forootan
The global estimation of Thermospheric Neutral Density (TND) and electron density (Ne) on various altitudes are provided by upper atmosphere models, however, the quality of their forecasts needs to be improved. In this study, we present the impact of assimilating space-based TNDs, measured along Low Earth Orbit (LEO) mission, into the NCAR Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation
-
Accuracy of Global Geospace Simulations: Influence of Solar Wind Monitor Location and Solar Wind Driving Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-03-29 Q. Al Shidi, T. I. Pulkkinen, D. Welling, G. Toth
Some space weather models, such as the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) used in this study, use solar wind propagated from the first Lagrange point (L1) to the bow shock nose (BSN) to forecast geomagnetic storms. The SWMF is a highly coupled framework of space weather models that include multiple facets of the Geospace environment, such as the magnetosphere and ionosphere. The propagated solar
-
Geoelectric Field Estimations During Geomagnetic Storm in North China From SinoProbe Magnetotelluric Impedances Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Qihe Shao, Ying Liu, Yinhe Luo, Graham Heinson, Yixian Xu, Jinsong Du, Chao Chen
Evaluating the impact of geomagnetic disturbances on power grid infrastructure is critical to mitigate the risk posed by geomagnetically induced currents (GICs). In this paper, the geoelectric field and induced voltage distribution in North China were estimated from the SinoProbe magnetotelluric (MT) impedance data together with the geomagnetic observatory data of six INTERMAGNET stations recorded
-
Issue Information Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-03-25
No abstract is available for this article.
-
Thank You to Our Peer Reviewers in 2023 Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Noe Lugaz, Brett Carter, Jennifer L. Gannon, Huixin Liu, Steve K. Morley, Shasha Zou
Peer reviewing is the foundation of modern scholarship, with external specialists being asked to fairly check and evaluate submitted work. This difficult and often time-consuming activity is performed voluntarily, with the understanding that one's own scholarship shall benefit down the line from a careful analysis of its assumption, results, accuracy, and yes, language, as we are now evaluating someone
-
Geomagnetic Disturbances Due To Neutral-Wind-Driven Ionospheric Currents Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-03-23 Cheng Sheng, Yue Deng, Daniel T. Welling, Steven K. Morley
Previous simulation efforts on geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs) and geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) mostly rely on global magnetohydrodynamics models, which explicitly calculate the magnetospheric currents and carry certain assumptions about the ionosphere currents. Therefore, the role of ionospheric and thermospheric processes to GMDs has not been fully evaluated. In this study, Global Ionosphere
-
Ionospheric TEC Prediction Based on Ensemble Learning Models Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Yang Zhou, Jing Liu, Shuhan Li, Qiaoling Li
In this paper, we propose the usage of an ensemble learning approach for predicting total electron content (TEC). The training data set spans from 2007 to 2016, while the testing data set is set to the year 2017. The model inputs in our study included Solar radio flux (F107), Solar Wind plasma speed, By, Bz, Dst, Ap, AE, day of year, universal time, 30-day and 90-day TEC averages. Specifically, eXtreme
-
A Framework for Evaluating Geomagnetic Indices Forecasting Models Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Armando Collado-Villaverde, Pablo Muñoz, Consuelo Cid
The use of Deep Learning models to forecast geomagnetic storms is achieving great results. However, the evaluation of these models is mainly supported on generic regression metrics (such as the Root Mean Squared Error or the Coefficient of Determination), which are not able to properly capture the specific particularities of geomagnetic storms forecasting. Particularly, they do not provide insights
-
Modeling Ionospheric TEC Using Gradient Boosting Based and Stacking Machine Learning Techniques Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Ayanew Nigusie, Ambelu Tebabal, Roman Galas
Accurately predicting and modeling the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) can greatly improve the accuracy of satellite navigation and positioning and help to correct ionospheric delay. This study assesses the effectiveness of four different machine learning (ML) models in predicting hourly vertical TEC (VTEC) data for a single-station study over Ethiopia. The models employed include gradient
-
Using ICON Satellite Data to Forecast Equatorial Ionospheric Instability Throughout 2022 Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 D. L. Hysell, A. Kirchman, B. J. Harding, R. A. Heelis, S. L. England, H. U. Frey, S. B. Mende
Numerical forecasts of plasma convective instability in the postsunset equatorial ionosphere are made based on data from the Ionospheric Connections Explorer satellite (ICON) following the method outlined in a previous study. Data are selected from pairs of successive orbits. Data from the first orbit in the pair are used to initialize and force a numerical forecast simulation, and data from the second
-
On Generalized Additive Models for Representation of Solar EUV Irradiance Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Daniel A. Brandt, Erick F. Vega, Aaron J. Ridley
In the context of space weather forecasting, solar EUV irradiance specification is needed on multiple time scales, with associated uncertainty quantification for determining the accuracy of downstream parameters. Empirical models of irradiance often rely on parametric fits between irradiance in several bands and various solar indices. We build upon these empirical models by using Generalized Additive
-
Significant Midlatitude Bubble-Like Ionospheric Super-Depletion Structure (BLISS) and Dynamic Variation of Storm-Enhanced Density Plume During the 23 April 2023 Geomagnetic Storm Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Ercha Aa, Shun-Rong Zhang, Shasha Zou, Wenbin Wang, Zihan Wang, Xuguang Cai, Philip J. Erickson, Anthea J. Coster
This paper investigates the midlatitude ionospheric disturbances over the American/Atlantic longitude sector during an intense geomagnetic storm on 23 April 2023. The study utilized a combination of ground-based observations (Global Navigation Satellite System total electron content and ionosonde) along with measurements from multiple satellite missions (GOLD, Swarm, Defense Meteorological Satellite
-
Different Response of the Ionospheric TEC and EEJ to Ultra-Fast Kelvin Waves in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Ruidi Sun, Sheng-Yang Gu, Xiankang Dou, Yusong Qin, Yafei Wei
We studied the response of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and equatorial electrojet (EEJ) to the ultra-fast Kelvin wave (UFKW) at the equator in the mesosphere using zonal wind data obtained from TIMED Doppler Interferometer (TIDI), EEJ data over the monitoring station Jicamarca (12°S, 77°W) and global TEC maps. The least squares fitting method is utilized to perform a spectral analysis of
-
Probabilistic Short-Term Solar Driver Forecasting With Neural Network Ensembles Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Joshua D. Daniell, Piyush M. Mehta
Space weather indices are used to drive forecasts of thermosphere density, which directly affects objects in low-Earth orbit (LEO) through atmospheric drag force. A set of proxies and indices (drivers), F10.7, S10.7, M10.7, and Y10.7 are used as inputs by the JB2008, (https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6438) thermosphere density model. The United States Air Force (USAF) operational High Accuracy Satellite
-
ED-AttConvLSTM: An Ionospheric TEC Map Prediction Model Using Adaptive Weighted Spatiotemporal Features Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Liangchao Li, Haijun Liu, Huijun Le, Jing Yuan, Haoran Wang, Yi Chen, Weifeng Shan, Li Ma, Chunjie Cui
In this paper, we propose a novel Total Electron Content (TEC) map prediction model, named ED-AttConvLSTM, using a Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (ConvLSTM) network and attention mechanism based on encoder-decoder structure. The inclusion of the attention mechanism enhances the efficient utilization of spatiotemporal features extracted by the ConvLSTM, emphasizing the significance of crucial
-
Characterization of the Ionospheric Vertical Error Correlation Lengths Based on Global Ionosonde Observations Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 L. Yuan, Timothy Kodikara, M. M. Hoque
Data assimilation is one of the most important approaches to monitoring the variations of ionospheric electron densities. The construction of the background error covariance matrix is an important component of ionospheric data assimilations. To construct the background error covariance matrix, the information about the spatial ionospheric correlations is required. We present a statistical analysis
-
Long-Term Variations of Energetic Electrons Scattered by Signals From the North West Cape Transmitter Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-03-03 Jingle Hu, Zheng Xiang, Xin Ma, Yangxizi Liu, Junhu Dong, Deyu Guo, Binbin Ni
Very-low-frequency (VLF) signals emitted from ground-based transmitters for submarine communication can penetrate the ionosphere and leak into the magnetosphere, leading to electron precipitation via wave-particle interaction and thereby providing a potential means for radiation belt remediation. In this study, we systematically analyze the dependence of quasi-trapped electron fluxes scattered by signals
-
Substorm-Time Ground dB/dt Variations Controlled by Interplanetary Shock Impact Angles: A Statistical Study Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-03-03 Denny M. Oliveira, James M. Weygand, John C. Coxon, Eftyhia Zesta
In this study, we investigate the effects caused by interplanetary (IP) shock impact angles on the subsequent ground dB/dt variations during substorms. IP shock impact angles have been revealed as a major factor controlling the subsequent geomagnetic activity, meaning that shocks with small inclinations with the Sun-Earth line are more likely to trigger higher geomagnetic activity resulting from nearly
-
Modeling Equatorial to Mid-Latitudinal Global Night Time Ionospheric Plasma Irregularities Using Machine Learning Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Ephrem Beshir Seba, Giovanni Lapenta
This study focuses on modeling the characteristics of nighttime topside Ionospheric Plasma Irregularities (PI) on a global scale. We utilize Random Forest (RF) and a one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN) model, incorporating data from the Swarm A, B, and C satellites, space weather data from the OMNIWeb data center, as well as zonal and meridional wind model data. Our objective is to
-
Thermospheric Wind Response to March 2023 Storm: Largest Wind Ever Observed With a Fabry-Perot Interferometer in Tromsø, Norway Since 2009 Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 S. Oyama, H. Vanhamäki, L. Cai, A. Shinbori, K. Hosokawa, T. Sakanoi, K. Shiokawa, A. Aikio, I. I. Virtanen, Y. Ogawa, Y. Miyoshi, S. Kurita, N. Nishitani
Solar cycles 24–25 were quiet until a geomagnetic storm with a Sym-H index of −170 nT occurred in late March 2023. On March 23–24, a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI; 630 nm) in Tromsø, Norway, recorded the highest thermospheric wind speed of over 500 m/s since 2009. Comparisons with magnetometer readings in Scandinavia showed that a large amount of electromagnetic energy was transferred to the ion
-
Issue Information Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-02-27
No abstract is available for this article.
-
Observations of Geomagnetic Crochet at High-Latitudes Due To X1.5 Class Solar Flare on 3 July 2021 Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 S. S. Rao, Nandita Srivastava, Monti Chakraborty, Sandeep Kumar, D. Chakrabarty
On 3 July 2021, an X1.5 solar flare from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration solar Active Region AR12838 (24°N, 88°W) occurred at 14:18 UT, peaked at 14:29 UT, and decayed at 14:34 UT. The study of this X1.5 solar flare is significant due to its unique geomagnetic crochet feature at high latitudes and its effective signature on Earth. The study examined X-rays, the extreme ultraviolet
-
Validating a UK Geomagnetically Induced Current Model Using Differential Magnetometer Measurements Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 J. Hübert, C. D. Beggan, G. S. Richardson, N. Gomez-Perez, A. Collins, A. W. P. Thomson
Extreme space weather can damage ground-based infrastructure such as power lines, railways and gas pipelines through geomagnetically induced currents (GICs). Modeling GICs requires knowledge about the source magnetic field and the electrical conductivity structure of the Earth to calculate ground electric fields during enhanced geomagnetic activity. The electric field, in combination with detailed
-
Unsupervised Anomaly Detection With Variational Autoencoders Applied to Full-Disk Solar Images Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Marius Giger, André Csillaghy
Deep learning is successful in many fields due to its ability to learn strong feature representations without the need for hand-crafted features, resulting in models with high representational power. However, many of these models are based on supervised learning and therefore depend on the availability of large annotated data sets. These are often difficult to obtain because they require human input
-
Climatology of Dayside E-Region Zonal Neutral Wind Shears From ICON-MIGHTI Observations Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Minjing Li, Yue Deng, Brian J. Harding, Scott England
Large vertical shears in the E-region neutral zonal winds can lead to ion convergences and contribute to plasma irregularities, but climatological studies of vertical shears of horizontal winds in a global scale are lacking due to the limitations of data coverage. The Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) has provided
-
Correcting Projection Effects in CMEs Using GCS-Based Large Statistics of Multi-Viewpoint Observations Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Harshita Gandhi, Ritesh Patel, Vaibhav Pant, Satabdwa Majumdar, Sanchita Pal, Dipankar Banerjee, Huw Morgan
This study addresses the limitations of single-viewpoint observations of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) by presenting results from a 3D catalog of 360 CMEs during solar cycle 24, fitted using the Graduated Cylindrical Shell (GCS) model. The data set combines 326 previously analyzed CMEs and 34 newly examined events, categorized by their source regions into active region (AR) eruptions, active prominence
-
Using Solar Orbiter as an Upstream Solar Wind Monitor for Real Time Space Weather Predictions Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 R. Laker, T. S. Horbury, H. O’Brien, E. J. Fauchon-Jones, V. Angelini, N. Fargette, T. Amerstorfer, M. Bauer, C. Möstl, E. E. Davies, J. A. Davies, R. Harrison, D. Barnes, M. Dumbović
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) can create significant disruption to human activities and systems on Earth, much of which can be mitigated with prior warning of the upstream solar wind conditions. However, it is currently extremely challenging to accurately predict the arrival time and internal structure of a CME from coronagraph images alone. In this study, we take advantage of a rare opportunity to
-
Ionospheric Disturbances Generated by the 2015 Calbuco Eruption: Comparison of GITM-R Simulations and GNSS Observations Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 J. Tyska, Y. Deng, S. Zhang, C. Y. Lin
Volcanic eruptions provide broad spectral forcing to the atmosphere and understanding the primary mechanisms that are relevant to explain the variety in waveform characteristics in the Ionosphere-Thermosphere (IT) is still an important open question for the community. In this study, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Total Electron Content (TEC) data are analyzed and compared to simulations
-
An Improved Stochastic Model for the Geodetic GNSS Receivers Under Ionospheric Scintillation at Low Latitudes Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-02-18 Xiaomin Luo, Yingzong Lin, Xiaolei Dai, Shaofeng Bian, Dezhong Chen
The receiver tracking error stochastic (RTES) model can improve GNSS precise point positioning (PPP) performance under ionospheric scintillation. However, it relies on scintillation products derived from ionospheric scintillation monitoring receivers (ISMRs), which means the RTES model cannot be used for abundant geodetic GNSS receivers. In this study, we propose an improved RTES, referred to as Impr_RTES
-
The Impact of Non-Equilibrium Plasma Distributions on Solar Wind Measurements by Vigil's Plasma Analyser Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 H. Zhang, D. Verscharen, G. Nicolaou
In order to protect society from space weather impacts, we must monitor space weather and obtain early warnings for extreme events if possible. For this purpose, the European Space Agency is currently preparing to launch the Vigil mission toward the end of this decade as a space-weather monitor at the fifth Lagrange point of the Sun–Earth system. Vigil will carry, amongst other instruments, the Plasma
-
Improving Thermospheric Density Predictions in Low-Earth Orbit With Machine Learning Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-02-03 Giacomo Acciarini, Edward Brown, Tom Berger, Madhulika Guhathakurta, James Parr, Christopher Bridges, Atılım Güneş Baydin
Thermospheric density is one of the main sources of uncertainty in the estimation of satellites' position and velocity in low-Earth orbit. This has negative consequences in several space domains, including space traffic management, collision avoidance, re-entry predictions, orbital lifetime analysis, and space object cataloging. In this paper, we investigate the prediction accuracy of empirical density
-
Quantifying Uncertainties in the Quiet-Time Ionosphere-Thermosphere Using WAM-IPE Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-02-03 Weijia Zhan, Alireza Doostan, Eric Sutton, Tzu-Wei Fang
This study presents a data-driven approach to quantify uncertainties in the ionosphere-thermosphere (IT) system due to varying solar wind parameters (drivers) during quiet conditions (Kp < 4) and fixed solar radiation and lower atmospheric conditions representative of 16 March 2013. Ensemble simulations of the coupled Whole Atmosphere Model with Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics (WAM-IPE) driven
-
An Examination of Geomagnetic Induction in Submarine Cables Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 David H. Boteler, Shibaji Chakraborty, Xueling Shi, Michael D. Hartinger, Xuan Wang
Submarine cables have experienced problems during extreme geomagnetic disturbances because of geomagnetically induced voltages adding or subtracting from the power feed to the repeaters. This is still a concern for modern fiber-optic cables because they contain a copper conductor to carry power to the repeaters. This paper provides a new examination of geomagnetic induction in submarine cables and
-
Issue Information Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-01-29
No abstract is available for this article.
-
Forecasting of Global Ionosphere Maps With Multi-Day Lead Time Using Transformer-Based Neural Networks Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Chung-Yu Shih, Cissi Ying-tsen Lin, Shu-Yu Lin, Cheng-Hung Yeh, Yu-Ming Huang, Feng-Nan Hwang, Chia-Hui Chang
Ionospheric total electron content (TEC) is a key indicator of the space environment. Geophysical forcing from above and below drives its spatial and temporal variations. A full understanding of physical and chemical principles, available and well-representable driving inputs, and capable computational power are required for physical models to reproduce simulations that agree with observations, which
-
Mapping Geoelectric Field Hazards in Ireland Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 John Malone-Leigh, Joan Campanyà, Peter T. Gallagher, Jim Hodgson, Colin Hogg
Geoelectric fields are generated at the Earth's surface and can lead to the induction of hazardous geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in infrastructure like power grids, railways and pipelines during geomagnetic storms. Magnitude and orientation of the geoelectric fields, in relation to the infrastructure, are key features needed to determine the intensity of GIC. Here, we developed the first geoelectric
-
A Substorm-Dependent Negative Limit of Non-Eclipse Surface Charging of a Chinese Geosynchronous Satellite Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Zhiyi Fu, Zhenpeng Su, Bin Miao, Zhiyong Wu, Yiren Li, Kai Liu, Xu Shan, Yuming Wang
Surface charging is one of the most common causes of spacecraft anomalies. When and to what potential the spacecraft is charged are two important questions in space weather. Here, for a Chinese geosynchronous navigation satellite, we infer the extreme negative surface charging potentials from the ion differential fluxes measured by a low-energy ion spectrometer. Without the solar eclipse effect away
-
The Daytime Variations of Thermospheric Temperature and Neutral Density Over Beijing During Minor Geomagnetic Storm on 3–4 February 2022 Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Shaoyang Li, Zhipeng Ren, Tingting Yu, Guangming Chen, Guozhu Li, Biqiang Zhao, Xinan Yue, Yong Wei
On 3 February 2022, 38 satellites launched by SpaceX re-entered the atmosphere and were subsequently destroyed. An investigation found that a minor geomagnetic storm occurred on 3–4 February 2022 led to a neutral density enhancement and large atmospheric drag. To better understand the responses of the thermosphere to geomagnetic storms, the method proposed by Li et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja030988)
-
Statistical Characteristics of Total Electron Content Intensifications on Global Ionospheric Maps Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 X. Meng, O. P. Verkhoglyadova, S. C. Chapman, N. W. Watkins, M. Cafolla
Global ionospheric total electron content (TEC) maps exhibit TEC intensifications and depletions of various sizes and shapes. Characterizing key features on TEC maps and understanding their dynamic coupling with external drivers can significantly benefit space weather forecasting. However, comprehensive analysis of ionospheric structuring over decades of TEC maps is currently lacking due to large data
-
Prediction of Ionograms With/Without Spread-F at Hainan by a Combined Spatio-Temporal Neural Network Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Pengdong Gao, Jinhui Cai, Zheng Wang, Chu Qiu, Guojun Wang, Quan Qi, Bo Wang, Jiankui Shi, Xiao Wang, Kai Ding
An intelligent high-definition and short-term prediction of ionograms with/without Spread-F for the observation at Hainan (19.5°N, 109.1°E, magnetic 11°N) is presented in this paper, which comprises a spatio-temporal ConvGRU network and a super-resolution EDSR network. Our prediction is based on spatio-temporal features in the ionogram graph only. There are 469,227 ionograms classified into 5 categories
-
Collection, Collation, and Comparison of 3D Coronal CME Reconstructions Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 C. Kay, E. Palmerio
Predicting the impacts of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is a major focus of current space weather forecasting efforts. Typically, CME properties are reconstructed from stereoscopic coronal images and then used to forward model a CME's interplanetary evolution. Knowing the uncertainty in the coronal reconstructions is then a critical factor in determining the uncertainty of any predictions. A growing
-
Can We Intercalibrate Satellite Measurements by Means of Data Assimilation? An Attempt on LEO Satellites Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Angélica M. Castillo, Yuri Y. Shprits, Nikita A. Aseev, Artem Smirnov, Alexander Drozdov, Sebastian Cervantes, Ingo Michaelis, Marina García Peñaranda, Dedong Wang
Low Earth Orbit satellites offer extensive data of the radiation belt region, but utilizing these observations is challenging due to potential contamination and difficulty of intercalibration with spacecraft measurements at Highly Elliptic Orbit that can observe all equatorial pitch-angles. This study introduces a new intercalibration method for satellite measurements of energetic electrons in the
-
Long-Term Variation of the Galactic Cosmic Ray Radiation Dose Rates Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 D. Lyu, G. Qin, Z.-N. Shen
In this work, a model for calculating the galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) radiation dose rate is developed. The model is based on a GCR modulation model, which is established by Shen and Qin, and the fluence-dose conversion coefficients (FDCCs) published by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). With the model, the radiation absorbed dose rate of GCRs near the lunar surface over
-
Characterization of Scintillation Events With Basis on L1 Transmissions From Geostationary SBAS Satellites Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-01-20 Alison Moraes, Jonas Sousasantos, Emanoel Costa, Bruno Augusto Pereira, Fabiano Rodrigues, João Francisco Galera Monico
Signals recorded by two stations in the Brazilian region: [Fortaleza (3.74°S, 38.57°W) and Inconfidentes (22.31°S, 46.32°W)], receiving L1 transmissions from different geostationary satellites, were used to evaluate the amplitude scintillation index S4 and several characteristics of scintillation events (continuous record with S4 > 0.2) during nighttime hours (18:00 LT–02:00 LT) in the years 2014–2016
-
A Transfer Learning Method to Generate Synthetic Synoptic Magnetograms Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-01-21 Xiaoyue Li, Senthamizh Pavai Valliappan, Daria Shukhobodskaia, Mark D. Butala, Luciano Rodriguez, Jasmina Magdalenic, Véronique Delouille
Current magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) models largely rely on synoptic magnetograms, such as the ones produced by the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG). Magnetograms are currently available mostly from the front side of the Sun, which significantly reduces the accuracy of MHD modeling. Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) images can instead be obtained from other vantage points. To investigate the potential
-
Refined Modeling of Geoeffective Fast Halo CMEs During Solar Cycle 24 Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 E. Yordanova, M. Temmer, M. Dumbović, C. Scolini, E. Paouris, A. L. E. Werner, A. P. Dimmock, L. Sorriso-Valvo
The propagation of geoeffective fast halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from solar cycle 24 has been investigated using the European Heliospheric Forecasting Information Asset (EUHFORIA), ENLIL, Drag-Based Model (DBM) and Effective Acceleration Model (EAM) models. For an objective comparison, a unified set of a small sample of CME events with similar characteristics has been selected. The same CME
-
F10.7 Daily Forecast Using LSTM Combined With VMD Method Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Yuhang Hao, Jianyong Lu, Guangshuai Peng, Ming Wang, Jingyuan Li, Guanchun Wei
The F10.7 solar radiation flux is a well-known parameter that is closely linked to solar activity, serving as a key index for measuring the level of solar activity. In this study, the Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) network are combined to construct a VMD-LSTM model for predicting F10.7 values. The F10.7 sequence is decomposed into several intrinsic mode functions
-
Detection and Classification of Sporadic E Using Convolutional Neural Networks Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 J. A. Ellis, D. J. Emmons, M. B. Cohen
In this work, convolutional neural networks (CNN) are developed to detect and characterize sporadic E (Es), demonstrating an improvement over current methods. This includes a binary classification model to determine if Es is present, followed by a regression model to estimate the Es ordinary mode critical frequency (foEs), a proxy for the intensity, along with the height at which the Es layer occurs
-
Sudden Commencements and Geomagnetically Induced Currents in New Zealand: Correlations and Dependance Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-01-10 A. W. Smith, C. J. Rodger, D. H. Mac Manus, I. J. Rae, A. R. Fogg, C. Forsyth, P. Fisher, T. Petersen, M. Dalzell
Changes in the Earth's geomagnetic field induce geoelectric fields in the solid Earth. These electric fields drive Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) in grounded, conducting infrastructure. These GICs can damage or degrade equipment if they are sufficiently intense—understanding and forecasting them is of critical importance. One of the key magnetospheric phenomena are Sudden Commencements (SCs)
-
Deep Learning-Based Regional Ionospheric Total Electron Content Prediction—Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolutional LSTM Approach Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Se-Heon Jeong, Woo Kyoung Lee, Hyosub Kil, Soojeong Jang, Jeong-Heon Kim, Young-Sil Kwak
This study evaluates the performance of deep learning approach in the prediction of the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) during magnetically quiet periods. Two deep learning techniques, long short-term memory (LSTM) and convolutional LSTM (ConvLSTM), are employed to predict TEC values 24 hr ahead in the vicinity of the Korean Peninsula (26.5°–40°N, 121°–134.5°E). The LSTM method predicts TEC
-
One-Dimensional Variational Ionospheric Retrieval Using Radio Occultation Bending Angles: 2. Validation Space Weather (IF 4.288) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 S. Elvidge, S. B. Healy, I. D. Culverwell
Culverwell et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.168614409.98641332) described a new one-dimensional variational (1D-Var) retrieval approach for ionospheric GNSS radio occultation (GNSS-RO) measurements. The approach maps a one-dimensional ionospheric electron density profile, modeled with multiple “Vary-Chap” layers, to bending angle space. This paper improves the computational performance