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Empirical ground-motion basin response in the California Great Valley, Reno, Nevada, and Portland, Oregon Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Sean K Ahdi, Brad T Aagaard, Morgan P Moschetti, Grace A Parker, Oliver S Boyd, William J Stephenson
We assess how well the Next-Generation Attenuation-West 2 (NGA-West2) ground-motion models (GMMs), which are used in the US Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) for crustal faults in the western United States, predict the observed basin response in the Great Valley of California, the Reno basin in Nevada, and Portland and Tualatin basins in Oregon. These GMMs rely on site
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The strain demand of reinforced concrete bridge columns under seismic loading Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Jessica Thangjitham, Mervyn Kowalsky
The steel in reinforced concrete (RC) members that form plastic hinges must possess sufficient strain capacity to dissipate seismic deformation demands. Unfortunately, there is limited information on the seismic strain demands of bridge column plastic hinges. Instead, designers rely on a perception of cyclic strain capacity that is an approximate rule of thumb. A standard methodology needs to be established
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Field observations on the damage to road bridges after the 2023 Turkey Earthquake Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 Masahiro Shirato, Yuichi Odawara
A series of large-scale earthquakes occurred on February 6 in southern Turkey. The authors had the opportunity to join the Japan Disaster Relief (JDR) Expert Team and visit several damaged areas in Turkey from March 10 to 12, 2023. This article highlights damage cases of a road tunnel and several road bridges the authors observed around Antakya, Nurdağı, and Malatya. From the features of the observations
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Horizontal ground-motion model for subduction slab earthquakes using offshore ground motions in the Japan Trench area Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Jingyang Tan, Jinjun Hu
The S-net, a large-scale network of permanent ocean-bottom seismographs in the Japan Trench, consisting of 150 stations, has recorded a large number of offshore ground motions that can be used to establish the empirical attenuation relationship of offshore ground motions in the subduction zone. Due to the different attenuation characteristics among different earthquake types in subduction zones, the
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Ranking and developing ground-motion models for Southeastern Africa Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Joanna M Holmgren, Maximilian J Werner, Katsuichiro Goda, Manuela Villani, Vitor Silva, Patrick Chindandali
The southern East African Rift System (EARS) is an early-stage continental rift with a deep seismogenic zone. It is associated with a low-to-moderate seismic hazard, but due to its short and sparse instrumental record, there is a lack of ground-motion studies in the region. Instead, seismic hazard assessments have commonly relied on a combination of active crustal and stable continental ground-motion
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Basin effects from 3D simulated ground motions in the Greater Los Angeles region for use in seismic hazard analyses Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Morgan P Moschetti, Eric M Thompson, Kyle Withers
We develop basin-depth-scaling models (i.e. “basin terms”) from the long-period ([Formula: see text]) simulated ground motions of the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) CyberShake project for use in seismic hazard analyses at sites within the sedimentary basins of southern California. Basin terms use the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA)-West-2 ground-motion models (GMMs) as reference models
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Performance-based earthquake early warning for tall buildings Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Farid Ghahari, Khachik Sargsyan, Grace A Parker, Daniel Swensen, Mehmet Çelebi, Hamid Haddadi, Ertugrul Taciroglu
The ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) system aims to issue an advance warning to residents on the West Coast of the United States seconds before the ground shaking arrives, if the expected ground shaking exceeds a certain threshold. However, residents in tall buildings may experience much greater motion due to the dynamic response of the buildings. Therefore, there is an ongoing effort to extend
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Implications of input ground-motion selection techniques on site response analyses for different tectonic settings Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Ishika N Chowdhury, Ashly Cabas, James Kaklamanos, Albert Kottke, Nick Gregor
This study investigates how current practices of input ground-motion selection influence site response analysis results and their variability, when considering different tectonic settings. Study sites in Seattle and Boston are chosen to represent tectonic settings with contributions to the seismic hazard from shallow crustal and subduction events, as well as stable continental regions, respectively
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Tsunami hazard evaluation of river embankment structures incorporating their vulnerability to seismic strong motion Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Kentaro Imai, Kentaro Nakai, Takashi Hirai, Toshihiro Noda, Nobuo Arai, Shunji Iwama, Hiroyuki Iwase, Toshitaka Baba
Development of coastal areas in Japan for various land uses since the 1960s has contributed to industrial upgrades and improved the efficiency of transportation networks. However, there are concerns about the vulnerability of developments on alluvial plains and reclaimed lands to geological events, like ground subsidence due to liquefaction during large earthquakes. Realistic assessment of earthquake
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Integration of rupture directivity models for the US National Seismic Hazard Model Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-23 Kyle Withers, Morgan Moschetti, Peter Powers, Mark Petersen, Rob Graves, Brad T Aagaard, Annemarie Baltay, Nicolas Luco, Erin Wirth, Sanaz Rezaeian, Eric Thompson
Several rupture directivity models (DMs) have been developed in recent years to describe the near-source spatial variations in ground-motion amplitudes related to propagation of rupture along the fault. We recently organized an effort toward incorporating these directivity effects into the US Geological Survey (USGS) National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM), by first evaluating the community’s work and
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Performance-based probabilistic liquefaction-induced ground settlement procedure Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Franklin Olaya, Jonathan Bray, Norman Abrahamson
Performance-based procedures represent an improvement over current state-of-practice procedures that treat the assessment of seismic demand and engineering response parameters independently. Procedures used in current practice generally provide estimates of liquefaction-induced ground settlement that are inconsistent with the desired ground settlement hazard level. A recently developed probabilistic
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Data-driven adjustments for combined use of NGA-East hard-rock ground motion and site amplification models Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 María E Ramos-Sepúlveda, Jonathan P Stewart, Grace A Parker, Morgan P Moschetti, Eric M Thompson, Scott J Brandenberg, Youssef MA Hashash, Ellen M Rathje
Model development in the Next Generation Attenuation-East (NGA-East) project included two components developed concurrently and independently: (1) earthquake ground-motion models (GMMs) that predict the median and aleatory variability of various intensity measures conditioned on magnitude and distance, derived for a reference hard-rock site condition with an average shear-wave velocity in the upper
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A hybrid model-data method for seismic response reconstruction of instrumented buildings Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Farid Ghahari, Daniel Swensen, Hamid Haddadi, Ertugrul Taciroglu
This study presents a two-step hybrid (model-data fusion) method for reconstructing the seismic response of instrumented buildings at their non-instrumented floors. Over the past couple of decades, seismic data recorded within instrumented buildings have yielded invaluable insights into the behavior of civil structures, which were arguably impossible to obtain through numerical simulations, laboratory-scale
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Site-specific stochastic ground motion model utilizing deterministic physics-informed simulations: A Bayesian approach Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Naveen Senthil, Ting Lin
Limited availability of recorded ground motions poses a challenge for reliable probabilistic seismic-hazard analysis (PSHA), even in highly seismic regions like the Western United States. Stochastic ground motions are commonly employed to address this challenge. However, the stochastic ground motion models (GMMs) may not consistently generate ground motions compatible with the site hazard due to their
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Liquefaction-induced ground and building interactions in İskenderun from the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Diane M Moug, Jonathan D Bray, Patrick Bassal, Jorge Macedo, Kristin Ulmer, K Önder Cetin, Sena Begüm Kendır, Arda Şahin, Cody Arnold, Murat Bikçe
Significant and widespread liquefaction occurred in İskenderun during the 2023 moment magnitude (Mw) 7.8 Kahramanmaraş earthquake. Liquefaction effects on buildings were observed in several areas of İskenderun, predominantly in areas of reclaimed land and near historic shorelines. Liquefaction-induced building settlements were particularly concentrated in the Çay District, which is almost entirely
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Power demands of structures from the Mw 7.8 earthquake of 6 February 2023 in Türkiye Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Jui-Liang Lin, Che-Min Lin, Jyun-Yan Huang
Near-fault pulse-like (PL) ground motions generally transmit huge amounts of energy into structures during a relatively short period compared with non-pulse-like (NPL) ground motions. Consequently, power demand has emerged as a direct and distinctive measure for evaluating the risk that PL ground motions pose on structures. This study examines the power demands of structures subjected to ground motions
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The 2023 US National Seismic Hazard Model: Ground-motion characterization for the conterminous United States Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Morgan P Moschetti, Brad T Aagaard, Sean K Ahdi, Jason Altekruse, Oliver S Boyd, Arthur D Frankel, Julie Herrick, Mark D Petersen, Peter M Powers, Sanaz Rezaeian, Allison M Shumway, James A Smith, William J Stephenson, Eric M Thompson, Kyle B Withers
We update the ground-motion characterization for the 2023 National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) for the conterminous United States. The update includes the use of new ground-motion models (GMMs) in the Cascadia subduction zone; an adjustment to the central and eastern United States (CEUS) GMMs to reduce misfits with observed data; an updated boundary for the application of GMMs for shallow, crustal
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A comparison of ground motions predicted through one-dimensional site response analyses and three-dimensional wave propagation simulations at regional scales Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Wenyang Zhang, Yufeng Dong, Jorge GF Crempien, Pedro Arduino, Asli Kurtulus, Ertugrul Taciroglu
One-dimensional (1D) site response analysis (SRA), which considers vertically propagating seismic waves from the bedrock to the surface, has been a common technique among geotechnical engineers to examine site-specific ground shaking. However, observations from past earthquakes and analytical studies indicate that idealizations ingrained in 1D SRA may be too severe to capture the ground truth, such
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Dead people aren’t resilient Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Robert Reitherman
Resilience, achieving rapid recovery so that society can bounce back from a disaster, is a desirable goal, but sometimes the focus should be only on safety. The 2023 Turkey/Syria earthquake illustrates the case where limited resources should be prioritized on safety, that is, the collapse prevention performance objective, rather than the significantly more expensive goal of post-earthquake functionality
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Book review: ¡Alerta!: Engineering on Shaky Ground Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Lauren J. Vinnell
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Investigating the sensitivity of losses to time-dependent components of seismic risk modeling Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Salvatore Iacoletti, Gemma Cremen, Carmine Galasso
Conventional earthquake risk modeling involves several notable simplifications, which neglect: (1) the effects on seismicity of interactions between adjacent faults and the long-term elastic rebound behavior of faults; (2) short-term hazard increases associated with aftershocks; and (3) the accumulation of damage in assets due to the occurrence of multiple earthquakes in a short time window, without
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Regional seismic velocity model for the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains based on measured shear wave velocity, sediment thickness, and surface geology Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Cassie Gann-Phillips, Ashly Cabas, Chunyang Ji, Chris Cramer, James Kaklamanos, Oliver Boyd
The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains (CPs) are characterized by widespread accumulations of low-velocity sediments and sedimentary rock that overlay high-velocity bedrock. Geology and sediment thickness greatly influence seismic wave propagation, but current regional ground motion amplification and seismic hazard models include limited characterization of these site conditions. In this study, a new
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Consequences of consequence models: The impact of economies of scale on seismic loss estimates Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 MirAmir Banihashemi, Alessandra Miliziano, Ádám Zsarnóczay, Lydell Wiebe, Andre Filiatrault
The detailed evaluation of expected losses and damage experienced by structural and nonstructural components is a fundamental part of performance-based seismic design and assessment. The FEMA P-58 methodology represents the state of the art in this area. Increasing interest in improving structural performance and community resilience has led to widespread adoption of this methodology and the library
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Simulation of 0–7.5 Hz physics-based nonlinear ground motions for maximum credible earthquake scenarios at the Long Valley Dam, CA Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Te-Yang Yeh, Kim Bak Olsen
We have conducted three-dimensional (3D) 0–7.5 Hz physics-based wave propagation simulations to model the seismic response of the Long Valley Dam (LVD), which has formed Lake Crowley in Central California, to estimate peak ground motions and settlement of the dam expected during maximum credible earthquake (MCE) scenarios on the nearby Hilton Creek Fault (HCF). We calibrated the velocity structure
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Hazard implications of synchronous fault rupture: Case study of the Wasatch and West Valley faults, Utah Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Ivan G. Wong, Patricia A. Thomas
Synchronous rupture involving two or more antithetic or synthetic faults results in higher levels of ground shaking hazard compared to that computed separately for each fault. We describe methodologies to estimate the ground motions both deterministically and probabilistically using a square-root-sum-of-the-squares approach and provide a case study for the Salt Lake City segment of the Wasatch fault
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Directionality of FIV3 ground-motion intensities during the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye earthquake doublet Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Miguel Bravo-Haro, Pablo Heresi, Héctor Dávalos, Eduardo Miranda
At present time, ground-motion prediction models neglect the directionality observed in horizontal components of earthquake ground motions, that is, the important changes in ground-motion intensity that occur with changes in azimuth. This study presents an investigation of the directionality of a recently proposed measure of ground-motion intensity during the 6 February 2023, Mw 7.8 Pazarcık and Mw
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Discussion of “ASCE/SEI 41 assessment of reinforced concrete buildings: Benchmarking nonlinear dynamic procedures with empirical damage observations” Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Bruce Maison, Shih-Ho Chao
This is a Discussion of the following article: Cook D., et al. (2023). ASCE/SEI 41 assessment of reinforced concrete buildings: Benchmarking nonlinear dynamic procedures with empirical damage observations, Earthquake Spectra, August 2023, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 1721–1754.
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An equivalent point-source stochastic model of the NGA-East ground-motion models Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Shahram Pezeshk, Christie Assadollahi, Arash Zandieh
The main objective of this study is to estimate seismological parameters in Central and Eastern North America (CENA), including the geometrical spreading, anelastic attenuation, stress parameter, and site attenuation parameters. In this study, we use particle swarm optimization (PSO) to invert a weighted average of the median 5%-damped pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA) predicted from the Next Generation
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A building imagery database for the calibration of machine learning algorithms Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Vitor Silva, Romain Sousa, Feliz Ribeiro Gouveia, Jorge Lopes, Maria Joao Guerreiro
In the last decades, most efforts to catalog and characterize the built environment for multi-hazard risk assessment have focused on the exploration of census data, cadastral data sets, and local surveys. Typically, these sources of information are not updated regularly and lack sufficient information to characterize the seismic vulnerability of the building stock. Some recent efforts have demonstrated
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Displacement and damage analysis of earth dams during the 2023 Turkiye earthquake sequence Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Ali Lashgari, Robb Eric S Moss
The earthquake sequence that occurred on 6 February 2023 in Turkiye caused significant damage to various infrastructures including geostructures such as dams. A total of 17 earth dams within a 200-km radius of the earthquake epicenter experienced varying degrees of damage, ranging from minor (∼2 cm) to major (up to ∼150 cm) deformations. As study of these reveals that the damaged dams are located within
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Large-scale damage assessment of buildings considering SSI and site amplification: The case of Thessaloniki Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Chiara Amendola, Dimitris Pitilakis
Our study introduces a methodology to improve large-scale seismic damage assessment by incorporating site-specific fragility curves, considering soil–structure interaction (SSI) and site amplification (SAmp) effects. The proposed method proposes an enhanced building exposure model, using publicly available data and the open-source OpenQuake Engine software. The objective is to determine whether a more
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A novel experimental database on the cyclic response of mine tailings Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-20 Cody Arnold, Jorge Macedo
Understanding the cyclic response of mine tailings is key for areas with moderate to high seismicity and an active mining industry (e.g. the United States, Peru, and Chile). However, assessing the cyclic response of mine tailings still relies on procedures and correlations developed for natural soils (i.e. sands and clays). This is due to information on the cyclic response of mine tailings being rather
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A detailed damage investigation of an instrumented ductile reinforced concrete building following the M-7.8 Kaikoura earthquake Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-20 Mohamed Mostafa, Lucas Hogan, Max T. Stephens, Michael J. Olsen, Kenneth J. Elwood
Summarized in this article are the major findings from a detailed damage investigation of an instrumented ductile reinforced concrete moment frame building subjected to a design-level earthquake. The building sustained widespread damage during the 2016 M-7.8 Kaikoura earthquake and was subsequently demolished. Prior to demolition, the structural system was extensively surveyed to document the severity
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Small-strain site response of soft soils in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region of California conditioned on VS30 and mHVSR Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Tristan E Buckreis, Jonathan P Stewart, Scott J Brandenberg, Pengfei Wang
Sites located in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region of California typically have peaty-organic soils near the ground surface, which are characteristically soft, with shear wave velocities as low as 30 m/s. These unusually soft geotechnical conditions, which are outside the range of applicability of existing ergodic site amplification models, can be anticipated to produce significant site effects
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Quantitative evaluation of the damage to RC buildings caused by the 2023 southeast Turkey earthquake sequence Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Santiago Pujol, Idris Bedirhanoglu, Cemalettin Donmez, Jeffrey D Dowgala, Meltem Eryilmaz-Yildirim, Kari Klaboe, Fahri Baran Koroglu, Rémy D Lequesne, Baki Ozturk, Liam Pledger, Egemen Sonmez
Data from 15 earthquakes that occurred in 12 different countries are presented showing that, without better drift control, structures built with building codes allowing large seismic drifts are likely to keep leaving a wide wake of damage ranging from cracked partitions to building overturning. Following the earthquake sequence affecting southeast Turkey in 2023, a team led by Committee 133 of the
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Severe and nonuniform liquefaction damage of reclaimed ground contributed by interference between body waves and stratigraphic irregularity-induced surface waves Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Kentaro Nakai, Toshihiro Noda, Akira Asaoka
The 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku earthquake caused extensive liquefaction damage to reclaimed land along the Tokyo Bay coast, even though it was approximately 400 km from the epicenter. The characteristics of the liquefaction damage include the fact that liquefaction occurred in soils with a high percentage of fine particles and that the distribution of liquefied and nonliquefied areas was
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Modeling post-disaster recovery: Accounting for rental and multi-family housing Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Emily Mongold, Rodrigo Costa, Ádám Zsarnóczay, Jack W Baker
Post-disaster housing recovery models increase our understanding of recovery dynamics, vulnerable populations, and how people are affected by the direct losses that disasters create. Past recovery models have focused on single-family owner-occupied housing, while empirical evidence shows that rental units and multi-family housing are disadvantaged in post-disaster recovery. To fill this gap, this article
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Simulated site amplification for Central and Eastern North America: Data set development and amplification models Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Okan Ilhan, Youssef MA Hashash, Jonathan P Stewart, Ellen M Rathje, Sissy Nikolaou, Kenneth W Campbell
This article presents a suite of response spectrum (RS) and Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS) site amplification models for Central and Eastern North America (CENA). The amplification database used in model development was produced through large-scale one-dimensional site response analyses and overcomes limitations of prior databases by providing broader coverage of anticipated site conditions. New
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A cone penetration test database for multiple thin-layer correction procedure development Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Kaleigh M Yost, Alba Yerro, Eileen R Martin, Russell A Green
Cone penetration tests (CPTs) are a commonly used in situ method to characterize soil. The recorded data are used for various applications, including earthquake-induced liquefaction evaluation. However, data recorded at a given depth in a CPT sounding are influenced by the properties of all the soil that falls within the zone of influence around the cone tip rather than only the soil at that particular
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Elevated collapse risk based on decaying aftershock hazard and damaged building fragilities Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Anne M Hulsey, Francisco A Galvis, Jack W Baker, Gregory G Deierlein
This article proposes a framework to support postearthquake building safety and reoccupancy decisions by quantifying the change in building collapse risk following a mainshock earthquake event. This risk may be exacerbated by both an increase in seismic hazard due to aftershock activity and a reduction in building collapse resistance due to structural damage. To address these factors, the framework
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Shallow three-dimensional shear wave velocity model for the Mexico City Basin Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Clinton M Wood, Rendon M Rieth, Salman Rahimi, Mohammadyar Rahimi, Alejandro Rosado-Fuentes, Juan M Mayoral, Daniel de la Rosa, Francisco J Sánchez-Sesma, Hugo Cruz-Jiménez
In this study, a simplified shallow three-dimensional shear wave velocity (Vs) model is presented for the Mexico City Basin. To this end, previous studies were carefully reviewed to assemble a database of Vs and site period measurements for the region. The new site period measurements obtained at the western edge of the Basin were compared to the existing 2004 Complementary Technical Standards of Mexico
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A refined simulation method of building earthquake evacuation processes considering multi-exits and time-variant velocities Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Yinghao Duan, Chenyun Li, Jun He
This study proposes a refined method for effectively simulating the evacuation processes of multi-story buildings during earthquakes. The method is developed by combining the exit-option algorithm and multi-velocity field model with the previously developed probabilistic network-based floor-field cellular automaton (PN-FFCA) model. Besides, the formula is also proposed for calculating the time-variant
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Mean-to-median spectral acceleration ratios in Senior Seismic Hazard Analysis Committee Level 3 probabilistic seismic hazard analyses: An analysis of reported results Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Alessandro Valentini, Francisco Beltran
In many countries, seismic characterization of the site selected for a critical structure or industrial facility is required in terms of site-specific seismic ground motion hazard. For this purpose, a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), performed under the Senior Seismic Hazard Analysis Committee (SSHAC) protocol, is an extended practice for nuclear facilities. In the past decade, SSHAC Level
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Experimental-based numerical simulation of interacting suspended ceiling-sprinkler piping systems Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Siavash Soroushian, Razieh Rezvani, Arash E Zaghi, Manos Maragakis
Suspended ceiling and fire sprinkler piping (CP) systems are two of the most common interacting nonstructural elements inside the buildings. While each of these elements individually is prone to losses during the earthquakes, their interaction can even more intensify their associated damage. This article aims to integrate system-level modeling methodology by using existing subsystem-level models in
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Fragility modeling practices and their implications on risk and resilience analysis: From the structure to the network scale Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Raul Rincon, Jamie Ellen Padgett
Although fragility function development for structures is a mature field, it has recently thrived on new algorithms propelled by machine learning (ML) methods along with heightened emphasis on functions tailored for community- to regional-scale application. This article seeks to critically assess the implications of adopting alternative traditional and emerging fragility modeling practices within seismic
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A methodology to assess and select seismic fragility curves: Application to the case of Costa Rica Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-10 Laura Navas-Sánchez, Maribel Jiménez-Martínez, Beatriz González-Rodrigo, Orlando Hernández-Rubio, Luis Diego Dávila-Migoya, Belén Orta-Rial, Diego Hidalgo-Leiva
Different seismic risk studies have been carried out in the Central American region to quantify the human and economic losses caused by seismic events. The appropriate use of seismic fragility curv...
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Limit states for post-earthquake assessment and recovery analysis of ductile concrete components Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-03 Eyitayo A Opabola, Saman A Abdullah, Kenneth J Elwood, John Wallace
Post-earthquake assessment procedures require component deformation limits to identify locations for visual inspection and locations needing structural repair. This study proposes a framework for d...
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Relational database for building strong motion recordings used for seismic impact assessments Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-02 Eusef Abdelmalek-Lee, Tricia Jain, Sebastian Galicia Madero, Han Sun, Henry Burton, John Wallace
Historical data play a primary role in reconstructing building seismic responses and assessing damage in near-real time. While these types of data sets exist, they are often fragmented, difficult t...
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Seismic performance of soil–tunnel–building systems in stiff soils Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-29 Juan M Mayoral, Mauricio Alcaraz, Simón Tepalcapa
In order to study seismic soil–tunnel–building interaction in stiff soils, a metro station currently under construction, located near by a 5-story masonry building, was selected as a test site for ...
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Spectral acceleration basin amplification factors for interface Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquakes in Canada’s 2020 national seismic hazard model Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-28 Preetish Kakoty, Carlos Molina Hutt, Hadi Ghofrani, Sheri Molnar
Canada’s 2020 national seismic hazard model (CSHM 2020) provides hazard estimates for interface Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) earthquakes in southwestern Canada using four ground motion models (GM...
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Test program on stiffened column bases subjected to cyclic loading Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-24 Niloufar Behboud, Farzin Zareian, Alireza Rezaeian
This article presents the recorded data from an experimental campaign on stiffened steel column bases. The connection configuration comprises an exposed base plate on which vertical stiffeners are ...
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Earthquake perception data highlight natural frequency details of Italian buildings Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-17 Patrizia Tosi, Valerio De Rubeis, Paola Sbarra
As the distance from an earthquake increases, the percentage of people who do not feel it also increases. The average transition distance between “felt” and “not felt” reports is mainly determined ...
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A latent Gaussian process model for the spatial distribution of liquefaction manifestation Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-10 Zach Bullock, Paolo Zimmaro, Grigorios Lavrentiadis, Pengfei Wang, Olaide Ojomo, Domniki Asimaki, Ellen M Rathje, Jonathan P Stewart
This paper presents a model for distributing zones of liquefaction and nonliquefaction for use in regional liquefaction risk analysis. There are two broad methodologies that have been used to evalu...
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Modeling future economic costs and interdependent industry recovery after earthquakes Earthq. Spectra (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-08 Maryia Markhvida, Jack W Baker
Large earthquakes cause widespread damage and can result in substantial direct and indirect economic losses. Previous researchers have proposed separate models for predicting region-wide direct and...