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Quasi 6-Day Planetary Wave Oscillations in Equatorial Plasma Irregularities J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-14 N. M. Pedatella, E. Aa, A. Maute
The influence of atmospheric planetary waves on the occurrence of irregularities in the low latitude ionosphere is investigated using Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere-ionosphere eXtension (WACCM-X) simulations and Global Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) observations. GOLD observations of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) exhibit a ∼6–8 day periodicity during January–February
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Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Temperatures Simulated by WACCM-X With NAVGEM-HA Meteorological Analyses and Compared to SABER Observations J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Guiping Liu, Jeffrey H. Klenzing, Sarah E. McDonald, Fabrizio Sassi, Douglas E. Rowland
Realistic modeling of the dynamics and variability in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere (UMLT) is critical to understand the coupling between different layers of the whole atmosphere system. Here we present simulations of the UMLT temperatures at ∼100 km altitude for one year during 2014 by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere-ionosphere extension (WACCM-X) constrained
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Observations of Mesospheric Gravity Waves Generated by Geomagnetic Activity J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 V. L. Narayanan, C. Wright, M. Mlynczak, N. Hindley, A. Kavanagh, T. Moffat-Griffin, P. Noble
Gravity waves (GWs) play an important role in the dynamics and energetics of the mesosphere. Geomagnetic activity is a known source of GWs in the upper atmosphere. However, how deep the effects of geomagnetic activity induced GWs penetrate into the mesosphere remains an open question. We use temperature measurements from the SABER/TIMED instrument between 2002 and 2018 to study the variations of mesospheric
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Longitudinal Variations of Mars Thermosphere CO2, Ar, N2, and O Densities From MAVEN: Dependencies on Species Mass, Solar Flux, and Local Time J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Jeffrey M. Forbes, Xiaohua Fang, Xiaoli Zhang, Mehdi Benna, Francisco González-Galindo
Measurements of CO2, Ar, N2, and O densities between 150 and 200 km from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer during February 2015 to February 2022 are analyzed to provide a comprehensive analysis of their longitudinal wavenumber k = 1, 2, and 3 components. Variations in density amplitudes (Ak) with solar flux are marginally detectable during this period
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Bounce Resonance Between Energetic Electrons and Magnetosonic Waves: A Parametric Study J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Shujie Gu, Lunjin Chen
Magnetosonic (MS) waves are electromagnetic emissions from a few to 100 Hz primarily confined near the magnetic equator both inside and outside the plasmasphere. Previous studies proved that MS waves can transport equatorially mirroring electrons from an equatorial pitch angle of 90° down to lower values by bounce resonance. However, the dependence of the bounce resonance effect on wave or background
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A Missing Piece of the E-Region Puzzle: High-Resolution Photoionization Cross Sections and Solar Irradiances in Models J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Emmaris Soto, J. Scott Evans, R. R. Meier, Motomichi Tashiro, MD. Nazmus Sakib, Erdal Yiğit
Most ionospheric models cannot sufficiently reproduce the observed electron density profiles in the E-region ionosphere, since they usually underestimate electron densities and do not match the profile shape. Mitigation of these issues is often addressed by increasing the solar soft X-ray flux which is ineffective for resolving data-model discrepancies. We show that low-resolution cross sections and
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On Short-Duration Intense and Strongly Geoeffective (ICME)Sheath Magnetic Fields J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Walter D. Gonzalez
This Commentary article deals with the important role of large-amplitude, short-duration (<1 hr) and southwardly directed magnetic field incursions within the Sheath region of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection, which were recently shown to have led to extreme auroral activity during the early part of the Halloween storm (Ohtani, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja030596). For such largely geoeffective
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Small-Scale Field-Aligned Currents of Intense Amplitude Resolved by the Swarm Satellites J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Simin Wang, Chao Xiong, Yunliang Zhou, Fengjue Wang, Yang Hu, Yuyang Huang
In this study we used the Level-2 product of field-aligned currents (FACs) from the Swarm satellites, to check the distribution characteristics of small-scale FACs (SSFACs) of intense amplitude. Data applied covers 9 years from December 2013 to April 2023. Based on the statistical analysis on the amplitude, the SSFACs in this study is defined with amplitude larger than 20 μA/m2, which is also by two
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The X-Pattern Merging of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Crests During Geomagnetic Quiet Time J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-07 F. I. Laskar, D. K. Karan, R. E. Daniell, M. V. Codrescu, R. W. Eastes, N. M. Pedatella, W. Wang, A. Maute, S. Aryal, P. K. Rajesh, W. E. McClintock
A unique phenomenon—A geomagnetically quiet time merging of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) crests, leading to an X-pattern (EIA-X) around the magnetic equator—has been observed in the night-time ionospheric measurements by the Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk mission. The pattern is also reproduced in an ionospheric model that assimilates slant Total Electron Content from Global
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Switching Between Whistler-Mode Waves on Inhomogeneities of the Plasma Density and Magnetic Field J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 Salman A. Nejad, Anatoly V. Streltsov
We present results from the investigation of a transition between two whistler-mode waves with the same frequency and the parallel wavelength but different perpendicular wavenumbers in the inhomogeneous media consisting of the plasma density and the background magnetic field. We consider transverse inhomogeneities of these quantities. We demonstrate that there are critical values of the plasma density
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The Ellipticity of High Frequency Transionospheric Radio Waves J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 Kuldeep Pandey, E. Ceren Kalafatoglu Eyiguler, Glenn C. Hussey, Donald W. Danskin, Robert G. Gillies, Andrew W. Yau
The polarization state of transionospheric high frequency (HF) radio waves can be determined using the crossed-dipole antennas of the Radio Receiver Instrument (RRI) onboard Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (e-POP) on the CAScade, Smallsat, and IOnospheric Polar Explorer/Swarm-E satellite. Coordinated experiments between ground radars and RRI showed that the radio waves have high ellipticity angles (elliptical
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Role of Lightning Activity in Deciphering Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGWs) Induced D-Region Ionospheric Perturbations During Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm (ESCS) Fani J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 Omkar M. Patil, Sidha S. Moharana, Ajeet K. Maurya, Navin Parihar, Rajesh Singh, A. P. Dimri
The study presents detailed meteorological characteristics of extremely severe cyclonic storm (ESCS) Fani, and subsequent Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGWs) induced D-region ionospheric perturbations and the role of lightning activity in it. The cyclone shaped as a weak disturbance over the north Indian Ocean (2.7°N, 89.7°E) on 25 April 2019. The disturbance intensified and evolved into ESCS Fani over
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Comparison of the Ionospheric Dynamo Current of Mars Above InSight and Zhurong Landing Sites: A Modeling Study J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 H. Luo, L. Tian, A. M. Du, Y. S. Ge, Y. Zhang
Previous observational studies suggest that the surface time-varying magnetic field of Mars originates in large part from the dynamo currents in the Martian ionosphere. However, whether there are significant differences in the strength, configuration, diurnal, and seasonal variations of the dynamo currents above different regions need to be further studied. In this study, using the ionospheric parameters
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Resonant Interactions Between Relativistic Electrons and EMIC Waves Modified by Partial Shell Proton Velocity Distributions J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 Jiang Yu, Aojun Ren, Zhaoguo He, Xiaoman Liu, Jing Wang, Nigang Liu, Zuzheng Chen, Liuyuan Li, Jun Cui, Jinbin Cao
Resonant interactions of relativistic electrons with electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves were previously considered under the cold plasma approximation or in hot plasmas with bi-Maxwellian distributions. Here, we examine their resonant interactions in hot plasmas with partial shell distributions and find that such distributions can significantly alter the dispersion relation of EMIC waves and
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Signatures of Dipolarizing Flux Bundles in the Nightside Auroral Zone J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Mark J. Engebretson, Sean A. Gaffaney, Jesus A. Ochoa, Andrei Runov, James M. Weygand, Yukitoshi Nishimura, Michael D. Hartinger, Vyacheslav A. Pilipenko, Mark B. Moldwin, Martin G. Connors, Ian R. Mann, Zhonghua Xu, Juan V. Rodriguez
Dipolarizing flux bundles (DFBs) have been suggested to transport energy and momentum from regions of reconnection in the magnetotail to the high latitude ionosphere, where they can generate localized ionospheric currents that can produce large nighttime geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs). In this study we identified DFBs observed in the midnight sector from ∼7 to ∼10 RE by THEMIS A, D, and E during days
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Generation Mechanism and Beaming of Jovian nKOM From 3D Numerical Modeling of Juno/Waves Observations J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 A. Boudouma, P. Zarka, C. K. Louis, C. Briand, M. Imai
The narrowband kilometric radiation (nKOM) is a Jovian low-frequency radio component identified as a plasma emission produced in the region of the Io plasma torus. Measurements from the Waves instrument onboard the Juno spacecraft permitted to establish the distribution of nKOM occurrence and intensity as a function of frequency and latitude. We have developed a 3D geometrical model that can simulate
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The Third Plasma Density Peak at Poleward of EIA Crest: Swarm and ICON Observations J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Yuyang Huang, Chao Xiong, Xin Wan, Jaeheung Park, Luca Spogli
In this study, we focus on the presence of the ionospheric third plasma density peak associated with the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) based on observations from the ESA's Swarm constellation. By statistically analyzing the third peaks observed by the Swarm A and B at two different altitudes, we found that such structure appears mainly around ±20° magnetic latitude (Mlat), namely the poleward
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Mass Estimation From Simultaneous Optical and Radar Meteor Observations J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 L. K. Tarnecki, R. A. Marshall, P. Brown, G. Stober
The total mass flux due to meteoric input is not well constrained and estimates vary greatly depending on the measurement technique used. The source of this discrepancy remains an open question in the field. Previous studies investigating the discrepancy by directly comparing mass estimates made using two techniques have been limited by extremely small sample sizes. This work presents a set of 166
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Identifying the Onset Location of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs) and Its Relationship With the Background Ionospheric Conditions J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 K. K. Ajith, A. K. Patra, Guozhu Li, S. Sripathi, P. Pavanchaitanya, M. Yamamoto, Septi Perwitasari
Using radars and C/NOFS satellite observations we studied the spatio-temporal evolution of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs) and estimated its onset location across a wide longitudinal sector over Indian and Southeast Asian longitudes. The vertical E × B drift velocity measurements obtained from the Ion Velocity Meter (IVM) on board the C/NOFS satellite and collocated ionosonde observations were used
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Tracking the Subsolar Bow Shock and Magnetopause: Applying the Magnetosheath Velocity Gradient Method J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 M. V. D. Silveira, D. G. Sibeck, F. R. Cardoso, J. W. Gjerloev
Both the bow shock and magnetopause move in response to varying solar wind and magnetospheric conditions. Tracking their locations can provide important clues to the state of the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction, but is difficult with single spacecraft observations. This paper employs multipoint THEMIS observations of velocity gradients in the subsolar magnetosheath to remotely sense boundary locations
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Ion Dynamics Across a Low Mach Number Bow Shock J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-29 D. B. Graham, Yu. V. Khotyaintsev, A. P. Dimmock, A. Lalti, J. J. Boldú, S. F. Tigik, S. A. Fuselier
A thorough understanding of collisionless shocks requires knowledge of how different ion species are accelerated across the shock. We investigate a bow shock crossing using the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft after a coronal mass ejection crossed Earth, which led to solar wind consisting of protons, alpha particles, and singly charged helium ions. The three species are resolved upstream of the
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Automatically Sketching Auroral Skeleton Structure in All-Sky Image for Measuring Aurora Arcs J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Qian Wang, Wanying Bai, Wei Zhang, Jinming Shi
The auroral arc is the typical track of the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere. A sketch of skeletons for arc-like aurora is usually used to describe auroral structures, such as vortex, fold and curl structures, etc. With artificial intelligence technologies, sketching auroral skeleton structure (AuroSS) in all-sky images enables automatic detection and measurement of
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Impact of Mass-Loading Effect on the Competition in the Energy Conversion Rate During Magnetic Reconnection J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Q. Y. Xiong, S. Y. Huang, Z. G. Yuan, K. Jiang, R. T. Lin, L. Yu
Heavy particles are extensively detected in the space environment, especially in the solar wind and interplanetary magnetosphere. Various physical processes can be affected by the physical dynamics of heavy particles. One of the processes is magnetic reconnection, which converts the energy from the magnetic field to the particles. In the present study, we investigate the impact of heavy particles with
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Statistical Analysis of Low-Latitude Boundary of Polar-Type Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Observed by a 630-nm Airglow Imager at Nyrölä, Finland J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Masaki Sato, Kazuo Shiokawa, Shin-ichiro Oyama, Yuichi Otsuka, Atsuki Shinbori, Arto Oksanen
Medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) are one of the ionospheric plasma density structures and are observable through 630-nm airglow images. Previous studies using airglow images at Tromsø (69.6°N, 19.2°E; magnetic latitude: 66.7°N), Norway, reported high-latitude MSTIDs (here we call them as polar-type MSTIDs) whose propagation direction changes associated with auroral brightening
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On the Wave-Normal Distribution of Lightning-Generated Whistlers and Their Propagation Modes J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-29 Zhiyang Xia, Lunjin Chen, Richard B. Horne, Xu Liu, Jiabei He, Jacob Bortnik
Observations from Van Allen Probes are analyzed to obtain the statistical wave normal distribution of lightning-generated whistlers (LGWs). An automatic algorithm is developed to identify burst mode waveform data with LGW signals and analyze the wave polarization information for these LGW signals. The spatial distribution of the LGW occurrence and the probabilities of different propagation types demonstrate
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Quasi-5-Day Oscillations During Arctic Major Sudden Stratospheric Warmings From 2005 to 2021 J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Zheng Ma, Yun Gong, Shaodong Zhang, Qiao Xiao, Chunming Huang, Kaiming Huang
Traveling quasi-5-day oscillations (Q5DOs) with different wavenumbers are independently observed in the mesosphere and the lower thermosphere during many recent sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events, but their common activities during SSWs are still unclear. Based on the geopotential height data measured by the Aura/Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) from August 2004 to March 2021, we statistically investigate
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A Self-Consistent Model of Radial Transport in the Magnetodisks of Gas Giants Including Interhemispheric Asymmetries J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-29 Marie Devinat, Michel Blanc, Nicolas André
Outward transport of plasma in the inner and middle magnetospheres of gas giants results from an interplay between mass loading from the inner dominant mass sources (volcanic moons), flux tube interchange in the centrifugally unstable magnetospheric plasma disk, turbulent heating of the plasma, and coupling between the equatorial plasma and the planetary upper atmosphere through magnetic field-aligned
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Forward Modeling of 3-D Ion Properties in Jupiter’s Magnetosphere Using Juno/JADE-I Data J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Jian-zhao Wang, Fran Bagenal, Robert J. Wilson, Edward Nerney, Frank Crary, Vincent Dols, Rob W. Ebert, Phil W. Valek, Frederic Allegrini, Thomas K. Kim, Jamey R. Szalay
The Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment Ion sensor (JADE-I) on NASA’s Juno mission provides in-situ measurements of ions from 0.1 to 46.2 keV/q inside Jupiter’s magnetosphere. JADE-I is used to study the plasma with two types of datasets from the same measurement: Time-of-flight (TOF) and SPECIES. The TOF dataset provides mass-per-charge measurements with a range of 1–64 amu/q but oversamples particles
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Electron Resonant Interaction With Coherent ULF Waves: Hamiltonian Approach J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-29 Anton Artemyev, Xin An, Dmitri Vainchtein, Robert Rankin, Xuzhi Zhou, Li Li, Xiao-Jia Zhang
Electron resonant interaction with ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves is considered to be a driver of electron radial transport in Earth’s inner magnetosphere. Traditional concept of such interaction assumes the electron slow diffusive scattering by a broad-band ULF spectrum, but recent spacecraft observations reported a possibility for electrons to resonate nonlinearly with intense coherent ULF waves
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A Sub-relativistic Electron Three-Belt Event in the Earth's Radiation Belts: Observation and Explanation J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Jia-Li Chen, Hong Zou, Yi-Xin Hao, Yu-Guang Ye, Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Ayako Matsuoka, Iku Shinohara, Mariko Teramoto, Shi-Ge Xu
The Van Allen Probes mission contributed to the discovery of the relativistic (∼500 keV–2 MeV) and ultra-relativistic (∼>2 MeV) electron three-belt structure in Earth's radiation belts. This structure results from the partial depletion of the preexisting outer belt and the replenishment of a new outer belt. Ultra-low frequency and very-low frequency waves are believed to play important roles in these
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Meteor Head Echo Detection at Multiple High-Power Large-Aperture Radar Facilities via a Convolutional Neural Network Trained on Synthetic Radar Data J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 T. Hedges, N. Lee, S. Elschot
High-power large-aperture radar instruments are capable of detecting thousands of meteor head echoes within hours of observation, and manually identifying every head echo is prohibitively time-consuming. Previous work has demonstrated that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) accurately detect head echoes, but training a CNN requires thousands of head echo examples manually identified at the same facility
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Semidiurnal Non-Migrating Tides in the Middle Thermosphere From Far Ultraviolet Observations J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Christopher S. Krier, Scott L. England
Much of the longitude/local time dependence of the thermosphere is controlled by non-migrating tides. Observations of semidiurnal (12-hr) tides between 120 and 200 km altitude, that is, the middle thermosphere, are rare owing to the lack of systematic measurements in this region. Since late 2018, the Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) Mission has provided unique measurements of thermospheric
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Issue Information J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-28
No abstract is available for this article.
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Phase and Amplitude Scintillations Associated With Polar Cap Patches: Statistical and Event Analyses J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Alanah M. Cardenas-O’Toole, Shasha Zou, Jiaen Ren, Zihan Wang, P. T. Jayachandran
Ionospheric scintillation causes errors in radio signals. One potential source in the polar region is polar cap patches. Using a polar cap patch database from Ren et al. (2018), https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ja025621 and data provided by a scintillation receiver at Resolute Bay, we evaluated the polar cap patch impact on ionospheric scintillation. In a statistical analysis, we found that 92% of the maximum
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A Combined Effect of the Earth's Magnetic Dipole Tilt and IMF By in Controlling Auroral Electron Precipitation J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-24 J. Laitinen, L. Holappa, H. Vanhamäki
Auroral particle precipitation is usually assumed to be equally strong for both signs of the By component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). This is also the case in most currently used precipitation models, which parameterize solar wind driving by empirical coupling functions. However, recent studies have showed that geomagnetic activity is significantly modulated by the signs and amplitudes
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Absence of High Frequency Echoes From Ionosondes During the 23–25 April 2023 Geomagnetic Storm; What Happened? J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-24 John Bosco Habarulema, Yongliang Zhang, Tshimangadzo Matamba, Dalia Buresova, Gang Lu, Zama Katamzi-Joseph, Paulo Roberto Fagundes, Daniel Okoh, Gopi Seemala
We report an unusual event on absence of high frequency (HF) echoes in ionosonde observations from the ionospheric F2 region during the geomagnetic storm of 23–25 April 2023. This event was observed in both southern and northern hemispheres over two stations, Grahamstown (33.3°S, 26.5°E), South Africa and Pruhonice (50.0°N, 14.6°E), Czech Republic. Significant O/N2 depletion over the stations was observed
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Responses of the Mean Thermosphere Circulation, O/N2 Ratio and Ne to Solar and Magnetospheric Forcing From Above and Tidal Forcing From Below J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-24 Jeffrey M. Forbes, Xiaoli Zhang, Astrid Maute, Chihoko Cullens
The day-to-day variability (“weather”) associated with the diurnal- and zonal-mean (DZM) circulation, O/N2 ratio and electron density (Ne) of the I-T system due to tidal “forcing from below” and solar flux and magnetosphere (SM) “forcing from above” during 2021 are delineated, diagnosed and quantitatively compared using a series of model simulations designed to separate these responses with respect
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Jovian Sodium Nebula and Io Plasma Torus S+ and Brightnesses 2017–2023: Insights Into Volcanic Versus Sublimation Supply J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Jeffrey P. Morgenthaler, Carl A. Schmidt, Marissa F. Vogt, Nicholas M. Schneider, Max Marconi
We present first results derived from the largest collection of contemporaneously recorded Jovian sodium nebula and Io plasma torus in [S II] 6731 Å images assembled to date. The data were recorded by the Planetary Science Institute's Io Input/Output observatory and provide important context to Io geologic and atmospheric studies as well as the Juno mission and supporting observations. Enhancements
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Fine Structure of Magnetospheric Magnetosonic Waves: 1. Elementary Rising-Tone Emissions Within Individual Harmonic J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-24 Jinxing Li, Jacob Bortnik, Sheng Tian, Qianli Ma, Xin An, Donglai Ma, Xiangning Chu, John Wygant, William S. Kurth, George B. Hospodarsky, Geoffrey D. Reeves, Herbert O. Funsten, Harlan Spence, Daniel N. Baker
The present study uncovers the fine structures of magnetosonic waves by investigating the EFW waveforms measured by Van Allen Probes. We show that each harmonic of the magnetosonic wave may consist of a series of elementary rising-tone emissions, implying a nonlinear mechanism for the wave generation. By investigating an elementary rising-tone magnetosonic wave that spans a wide frequency range, we
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Effects of Plasma Density on the Spatial and Temporal Scale Sizes of Plasmaspheric Hiss J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Shuai Zhang, I. Jonathan Rae, Kaijun Liu, Clare E. J. Watt, Quanqi Shi, Anmin Tian, Alexander W. Degeling, Ruilong Guo, Mengmeng Wang, Xiao-Chen Shen, Fei Yao, Jing chun Li
The effects of plasma density on the plasmaspheric hiss amplitude and its spatial and temporal scale sizes are investigated using data from Van Allen Probes A and B. The plasmaspheric hiss amplitude and scale sizes are found to be more affected by the small-scale density variations than the overall density profile of the plasmasphere. In detail, our results suggest that both the hiss wave amplitude
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Solar Cycle Variation of Radiated Electric Field and Ionospheric Reflection Height Over NWC Transmitter During 2005–2009: DEMETER Spacecraft Observations and Simulations J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-23 Shufan Zhao, Li Liao, Xuhui Shen, Hengxin Lu
Besides the significant effects of a variety of naturally occurring magnetospheric waves on the electron dynamics in the magnetosphere, the important contribution of ground-based very-low-frequency (VLF) transmitter waves also has been gradually discovered. The VLF transmitter's wave penetrating into the topside ionosphere is its energy source injected into the magnetosphere and has been extensively
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2-D Total Electron Content and 3-D Ionospheric Electron Density Variations During the 14 October 2023 Annular Solar Eclipse J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Ercha Aa, Anthea J. Coster, Shun-Rong Zhang, Juha Vierinen, Philip J. Erickson, Larisa P. Goncharenko, William Rideout
This study investigates the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) responses in the 2-D spatial domain and electron density variations in the 3-D spatial domain during the annular solar eclipse on 14 October 2023, using ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations, a novel TEC-based ionospheric data assimilation system (TIDAS), ionosonde measurements, and satellite in situ
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A Simulation Study of the Modulation of the Geomagnetic Field Configuration on the Seasonal Variation of Ionospheric Sq Currents J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-17 Yunbo Liu, Zhipeng Ren, Yong Wei, Xu Zhou
Based on Global Coupled Ionosphere-Thermosphere-Electrodynamics Model, the solution of the 3-dimensional current in the ionospheric region, the equivalent sheet current and filed-aligned current are examined. The simulation study enables a comprehensive analysis of the effect of the geomagnetic field configuration, especially the non-dipole component and tilt angle, on the ionospheric electrodynamics
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Investigating the Main Features of the Correlation Between Electron Density and Temperature in the Topside Ionosphere Through Swarm Satellites Data J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-17 A. Pignalberi, F. Giannattasio, V. Truhlik, I. Coco, M. Pezzopane, T. Alberti
Electron density (Ne) and electron temperature (Te) observations collected by Langmuir Probes on board the European Space Agency (ESA) Swarm B satellite are used to characterize their correlation in the topside ionosphere at an altitude of about 500 km. Spearman correlation coefficient values (RSpearman) are calculated on joint probability distributions between Ne and Te for selected conditions. The
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Large-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Over the European Sector During the Geomagnetic Storm on March 23–24, 2023: Energy Deposition in the Source Regions and the Propagation Characteristics J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Grzegorz Nykiel, Arthur Ferreira, Florian Günzkofer, Pelin Iochem, Samira Tasnim, Hiroatsu Sato
Multiple Large-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (LSTIDs) are observed in the European sector in both day-time and night-time during the magnetic storm on March 23–24, 2023. The Total Electron Content (TEC) observation from a network of GNSS receivers shows the propagation of LSTIDs with amplitudes between around 0.5 and 1 TECU originating from auroral and polar cusp regions down to southern
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Modeling the Global Distribution of Chorus Wave Induced Relativistic Microburst Spatial Characteristics J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Ning Kang, Jacob Bortnik, Qianli Ma, Seth Claudepierre
The full spatiotemporal distribution of chorus wave-induced relativistic electron microburst is modeled for chorus waves originated from different L shells and MLTs, based on the newly developed numerical precipitation model (Kang et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gl100841). The wave-particle interaction process that induces each microburst is analyzed in detail, and its relation to the chorus
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Whistler-Mode Waves Inside Short Large-Amplitude Magnetic Field Structures: Characteristics and Generation Mechanisms J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Shi-Chen Bai, Quanqi Shi, Xiao-Chen Shen, Anmin Tian, Hui Zhang, Ruilong Guo, Mengmeng Wang, Alexander W. Degeling, Yude Bu, Shuai Zhang, Xiao Ma
Short large-amplitude magnetic structures (SLAMS) frequently appear near the bow shock. Inside steepening SLAMS, whistler-mode waves are coherently generated at their leading edges. These waves are crucial for electron dynamics, energy conversion and magnetic reconnection near the shock. Nevertheless, the characteristics and generation of the whistler-mode waves inside SLAMS are still unclear. In this
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Ion-Scale Magnetic Flux Ropes and Loops in Earth's Magnetotail: An Automated, Comprehensive Survey of MMS Data Between 2017 and 2022 J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 A. W. Smith, W. Sun, J. A. Slavin, I. J. Rae
Magnetic reconnection is a critically important process in defining the dynamics and energy transport within plasma environments. In near-Earth space we may track where and when reconnection occurs by identifying associated coherent magnetic structures. On a global scale these structures facilitate the flow of mass and magnetic flux into, within, and out of the magnetospheric system, whilst contributing
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Determining the Influence of the IMF and Planetary Magnetic Field Models on Mercury's Magnetosphere Along Spacecraft Trajectories of MESSENGER, BepiColombo and MPO J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Willi Exner, Léa S. Griton, Daniel Heyner
Mercury's planetary magnetic field models (PMFMs) agree on a majorly dipolar field structure with a northward shift of the magnetic equator. However, due to the northerly biased orbit coverage of past spacecraft missions and different data analyzing methods, the available PMFMs differ in the determined multipole magnitudes for the dipole, quadrupole and octupole moments. While the PMFMs agree well
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Multi Satellite Observation of a Foreshock Bubble Causing an Extreme Magnetopause Expansion J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Niklas Grimmich, Fabio Prencipe, Drew L. Turner, Terry Z. Liu, Ferdinand Plaschke, Martin O. Archer, Rumi Nakamura, David G. Sibeck, Johannes Z. D. Mieth, Hans-Ulrich Auster, O. Dragos Constantinescu, David Fischer, Werner Magnes
The interaction of a solar wind discontinuity with the backstreaming particles of the Earth’s ion foreshock can generate hot, tenuous plasma transients such as foreshock bubbles (FB) and hot flow anomalies (HFA). These transients are known to have strong effects on the magnetosphere, distorting the magnetopause (MP), either locally during HFAs or globally during FBs. However, previous studies on the
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Variation in the Pedersen Conductance Near Jupiter's Main Emission Aurora: Comparison of Hubble Space Telescope and Galileo Measurements J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 M. J. Rutala, J. T. Clarke, M. F. Vogt, J. D. Nichols
We present the first large-scale statistical survey of the Jovian main emission (ME) to map auroral properties from their ionospheric locations out into the equatorial plane of the magnetosphere, where they are compared directly to in-situ spacecraft measurements. We use magnetosphere-ionosphere (MI) coupling theory to calculate currents from the auroral brightness as measured with the Hubble Space
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Magnetotail Variability During Magnetospheric Substorms J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 S. Kumar, T. I. Pulkkinen, J. Gjerloev
In this work, we present a statistical study of substorms covering a five-year period 2016–2020. Substorm phases were identified from time series of the SuperMAG AL (SML) index using a list of 5,077 previously identified substorm onsets, the SML peak value marking transition from expansion to recovery phase, and the recovery identified as return to activity less than −100 nT in the SML index. Magnetic
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Nonresonant Scattering of Energetic Electrons by Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves: Spacecraft Observations and Theoretical Framework J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-10 Xin An, Anton Artemyev, Vassilis Angelopoulos, Xiao-Jia Zhang, Didier Mourenas, Jacob Bortnik, Xiaofei Shi
Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves lead to rapid scattering of relativistic electrons in Earth's radiation belts, due to their large amplitudes relative to other waves that interact with electrons of this energy range. A central feature of electron precipitation driven by EMIC waves is deeply elusive. That is, moderate precipitating fluxes at energies below the minimum resonance energy of EMIC
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Key Factors Determining Nightside Energetic Electron Losses Driven by Whistler-Mode Waves J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-10 Ethan Tsai, Anton Artemyev, Qianli Ma, Didier Mourenas, Oleksiy Agapitov, Xiao-Jia Zhang, Vassilis Angelopoulos
Energetic electron losses by pitch-angle scattering and precipitation to the atmosphere from the radiation belts are controlled, to a great extent, by resonant wave particle interactions with whistler-mode waves. The efficacy of such precipitation is primarily modulated by wave intensity, although its relative importance, compared to other wave and plasma parameters, remains unclear. Precipitation
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Variations of Inter-Hemispheric Field-Aligned Currents: Observations From Ground Geomagnetic Measurements J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-10 R. K. Archana, Kusumita Arora
The east–west component of the geomagnetic field (Y-component) at the Trivandrum (TRD) station, an equatorial site, is used to investigate the characteristics of Inter-Hemispheric Field-Aligned Currents (IHFACs) in the Indian sector during solar cycles 21 and 22. The observations reveal an annual variation of IHFAC in the dawn/noon sector with positive/negative peaks around northern summer. Furthermore
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Feature of Diurnal Double Maxima in the Topside Ionosphere Observed by ICON J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Rongjin Du, Ruilong Zhang, Libo Liu, Tingwei Han, Wenbo Li, M. Arslan Tariq, Huijun Le, Yiding Chen, Yuyan Yang
This study investigates the diurnal variation of topside ionospheric plasma density using the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) observations from May to July in 2020 and 2021. The total ion density exhibits daytime double-maxima (DDM) patterns, also known as “bite-out” at magnetic latitudes from 10°S to 20°N and longitudes of 180°–276°E, but a single peak in other longitudes. The total ion density
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Modeling the Contribution of Precipitation Loss to a Radiation Belt Electron Dropout Observed by Van Allen Probes J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Zhi-Gu Li, Weichao Tu, Richard Selesnick, Jinbei Huang
A drift-diffusion model is used to simulate the low-altitude electron distribution, accounting for azimuthal drift, pitch angle diffusion, and atmospheric backscattering effects during a rapid electron dropout event on 21st August 2013, at L = 4.5. Additional external loss effects are introduced during times when the low-altitude electron distribution cannot be reproduced by diffusion alone. The model
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Thin Current Sheets in the Magnetotail at Lunar Distances: Statistics of ARTEMIS Observations J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 S. R. Kamaletdinov, A. V. Artemyev, A. Runov, V. Angelopoulos
The magnetotail current sheet's (CSs) spatial configuration and stability control the onset of magnetic reconnection - the driving process for magnetospheric substorms. The near-Earth CS has been thoroughly investigated by numerous missions, whereas the midtail CS has not been adequately explored. This is especially the case for the long-term variation of its configuration in response to the solar
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EMM EMUS Observations of Hot Oxygen Corona at Mars: Radial Distribution and Temporal Variability J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-10 Krishnaprasad Chirakkil, Justin Deighan, Michael S. Chaffin, Sonal K. Jain, Robert J. Lillis, Susarla Raghuram, Greg Holsclaw, David A. Brain, Ed Thiemann, Phil Chamberlin, Matthew O. Fillingim, J. Scott Evans, Scott England, Hessa AlMatroushi, Hoor AlMazmi, Frank Eparvier, Marko Gacesa, Nayla El-Kork, Shannon M. Curry
We present the first observations of the dayside coronal oxygen emission in far ultraviolet (FUV) measured by the Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer (EMUS) onboard the Emirates Mars Mission (EMM). The high sensitivity of EMUS is providing an opportunity to observe the tenuous oxygen corona in FUV, which is otherwise difficult to observe. Oxygen resonance fluorescence emission at 130.4 nm provides
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Development of Low Latitude Long Range Ionospheric Radar for Observing Plasma Bubble Irregularities and Preliminary Results J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Lianhuan Hu, Guozhu Li, Baiqi Ning, Wenjie Sun, Haiyong Xie, Xiukuan Zhao, Yi Li, Guofeng Dai, Qi Xiao, Yong Yan
The Low lAtitude long Range Ionospheric raDar (LARID), which consists of two high frequency (HF) radars looking toward the east and west of Hainan Island, respectively, has been developed and installed at Dongfang (19.2°N, 108.8°E, dip lat. 13.8°N), China. This paper describes the system design of LARID and its first observational results of equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) irregularities. The antenna