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EPOCHS. II. The Ultraviolet Luminosity Function from 7.5 < z < 13.5 Using 180 arcmin2 of Deep, Blank Fields from the PEARLS Survey and Public JWST Data Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Nathan J. Adams, Christopher J. Conselice, Duncan Austin, Thomas Harvey, Leonardo Ferreira, James Trussler, Ignas Juodžbalis, Qiong Li, Rogier Windhorst, Seth H. Cohen, Rolf A. Jansen, Jake Summers, Scott Tompkins, Simon P. Driver, Aaron Robotham, Jordan C. J. D’Silva, Haojing Yan, Dan Coe, Brenda Frye, Norman A. Grogin, Anton M. Koekemoer, Madeline A. Marshall, Nor Pirzkal, Russell E. Ryan, W. Peter
We present an analysis of the ultraviolet luminosity function (UV LF) and star formation rate density of distant galaxies (7.5 < z < 13.5) in the “blank” fields of the Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science (PEARLS) survey combined with Early Release Science data from the CEERS, GLASS, and NGDEEP surveys/fields and the first data release of JADES. We use strict quality cuts
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The Reservoir of the Per-emb-2 Streamer Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Kotomi Taniguchi, Jaime E. Pineda, Paola Caselli, Tomomi Shimoikura, Rachel K. Friesen, Dominique M. Segura-Cox, Anika Schmiedeke
Streamers bring gas from outer regions to protostellar systems and could change the chemical composition around protostars and protoplanetary disks. We have carried out mapping observations of carbon-chain species (HC3N, HC5N, CCH, and CCS) in the 3 mm and 7 mm bands toward the streamer flowing to the Class 0 young stellar object (YSO) Per-emb-2 with the Nobeyama 45 m radio telescope. A region with
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Comparison of Solar Multifrequency Microwave Data with Other Solar Indices for Understanding Solar and Stellar Microwave Data Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Masumi Shimojo, Kosuke Namekata, Kazumasa Iwai, Ayumi Asai, Kyoko Watanabe
Thermal microwave emissions detected from stellar atmospheres contain information on stellar activity. However, even for the Sun, the relationship between multifrequency microwave data and other activity indices remains unclear. We investigated the relationships among the thermal microwave fluxes with 1, 2, 3.75, and 9.4 GHz, their circular polarizations, and several activity indices recorded during
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Cloud Formation by Supernova Implosion Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Leonard E. C. Romano, Manuel Behrendt, Andreas Burkert
The deposition of energy and momentum by supernova explosions has been subject to numerous studies in the past few decades. However, while there has been some work that focused on the transition from the adiabatic to the radiative stage of a supernova remnant (SNR), the late radiative stage and merging with the interstellar medium (ISM) have received little attention. Here, we use three-dimensional
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High-resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy of Interstellar Iron toward Cygnus X-1 and GX 339-4 Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Lía Corrales, Eric V. Gotthelf, Efrain Gatuzz, Timothy R. Kallman, Julia C. Lee, Michael Martins, Frits Paerels, Ioanna Psaradaki, Stefan Schippers, Daniel Wolf Savin
We present a high-resolution spectral study of Fe L-shell extinction by the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) in the direction of the X-ray binaries Cygnus X-1 and GX 339–4, using the XMM-Newton reflection grating spectrometer. The majority of interstellar Fe is suspected to condense into dust grains in the diffuse ISM, but the compounds formed from this process are unknown. Here, we use the laboratory
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Fermi Large Area Telescope Detection of Gamma Rays from the NGC 6251 Radio Lobe Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Yu-Wei Yu, Hai-Ming Zhang, Ying-Ying Gan, Xin-Ke Hu, Tan-Zheng Wu, Jin Zhang
We report the detection of extended γ-ray emission from lobes in the radio galaxy NGC 6251 using observation data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope. The maximum likelihood analysis results show that a radio morphology template provides a better fit than a pointlike source description for the observational data at a confidence level of 8.1σ, and the contribution of lobes constitutes more than 50%
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Fossil Signatures of Main-sequence Convective Core Overshoot Estimated through Asteroseismic Analyses Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Christopher J. Lindsay, J. M. Joel Ong, Sarbani Basu
Some physical processes that occur during a star's main-sequence evolution also affect its post-main-sequence evolution. It is well known that stars with masses above approximately 1.1 M ⊙ have well-mixed convective cores on the main sequence; however, the structure of the star in the neighborhood of the convective core regions is currently underconstrained. We use asteroseismology to study the properties
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White Dwarf Merger Remnants: The DAQ Subclass Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Mukremin Kilic, Pierre Bergeron, Simon Blouin, Gracyn Jewett, Warren R. Brown, Adam Moss
Four years after the discovery of a unique DAQ white dwarf with a hydrogen-dominated and carbon-rich atmosphere, we report the discovery of four new DAQ white dwarfs, including two that were not recognized properly in the literature. We find all five DAQs in a relatively narrow mass and temperature range of M = 1.14–1.19 M ⊙ and T eff = 13,000–17,000 K. In addition, at least two show photometric variations
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The Initial Conditions of Clustered Core Collapse: Multiwavelength Analysis of Oph A SM1N and N6 at 100 au Resolution Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Rachel K. Friesen, Tyler L. Bourke, Paola Caselli, James Di Francesco, Zhi-Yun Li, Jaime E. Pineda
We present new Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) continuum and NH2D, N2D+, and H2D+ line emission at matched, ∼100 au resolution toward the dense star-forming cores SM1N and N6 within the Ophiuchus molecular cloud. We determine the density and temperature structure of SM1N based on radiative transfer modeling and simulated observations of the multiwavelength continuum emission at
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Joint Observations of Energy Transport and Dissipation during Plasma Flow Vortex in the Terrestrial Magnetotail Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Wei Wang, Yuduan Ma, M. W. Dunlop, Tianran Sun, I. J. Rae, Xinhua Wei, Junying Yang, Youjun Yang
Plasma flow vorticity is ubiquitous in space and plays a key role in material mixing and energy transfer. The five THEMIS satellites orbiting in different regions of the terrestrial magnetotail provide an unprecedented opportunity to study the temporal–spatial evolution characteristics of a plasma flow vortex on large spatial scales. We present an analysis of the flow vorticity that occurred between
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Beyond the Background: Gravitational-wave Anisotropy and Continuous Waves from Supermassive Black Hole Binaries Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Emiko C. Gardiner, Luke Zoltan Kelley, Anna-Malin Lemke, Andrea Mitridate
Pulsar timing arrays have found evidence for a low-frequency gravitational-wave background (GWB). Assuming that the GWB is produced by supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs), the next gravitational-wave (GW) signals astronomers anticipate are continuous waves (CWs) from single SMBHBs and their associated GWB anisotropy. The prospects for detecting CWs and anisotropy are highly dependent on the astrophysics
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Shell-type Tidal Features Are More Frequently Detected in Slowly Rotating Early-type Galaxies than Stream- and Tail-type Features Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Yongmin Yoon, Jongwan Ko, Haeun Chung, Woowon Byun, Kyungwon Chun
To enhance our understanding of the impact of galaxy mergers on the kinematics of early-type galaxies (ETGs), we examine differences in specific stellar angular momentum within the half-light radius ( λRe ) among ETGs with different types of tidal features and those without such features. This is accomplished by categorizing tidal features, which serve as direct evidence of recent mergers, into shells
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Formation of Polar Crown Filament Magnetic Fields by Supergranular Helicity Injection Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Huanxin Chen, Chun Xia, Hechao Chen
To understand the magnetic fields of the polar crown filaments (PCFs) at high latitudes near polar regions of the Sun, we perform magnetofrictional numerical simulations on the long-term magnetic evolution of bipolar fields with roughly east–west polarity inversion lines (PILs) in a 3D spherical wedge domain near polar regions. The Coriolis-effect-induced vortical motions at the boundaries of several
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Constraining Protoplanetary Disk Winds from Forbidden Line Profiles with Simulation-based Inference Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Ahmad Nemer, ChangHoon Hahn, Jiaxuan Li, Peter Melchior, Jeremy Goodman
Protoplanetary disks (PPDs) are sites of vigorous hydrodynamic processes, such as accretion and outflows, and ultimately establish the conditions for the formation of planets. The properties of disk outflows are often inferred through the analysis of forbidden emission lines. These lines contain multiple overlapping components, tracing different emission regions with different processes that excite
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Assessment of SDSS-derived Galaxy Morphologies Using HST Imaging Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Chandler Osborne, Samir Salim
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) was foundational to the study of galaxy evolution, having revealed the bimodality of galaxies and the relationship between their structure and star-forming activity. However, ground-based optical surveys like SDSS are limited in resolution and depth, which may lead to biases or poor quality in the derived morphological properties, potentially impacting our understanding
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Merger-tree-based Galaxy Matching: A Comparative Study across Different Resolutions Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Minyong Jung, Ji-hoon Kim, Boon Kiat Oh, Sungwook E. Hong, Jaehyun Lee, Juhan Kim
We introduce a novel halo/galaxy matching technique between two cosmological simulations with different resolutions, which utilizes the positions and masses of halos along their subhalo merger tree. With this tool, we conduct a study of resolution biases through the galaxy-by-galaxy inspection of a pair of simulations that have the same simulation configuration but different mass resolutions, utilizing
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Developing an Automated Detection, Tracking, and Analysis Method for Solar Filaments Observed by CHASE via Machine Learning Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Z. Zheng, Q. Hao, Y. Qiu, J. Hong, C. Li, M. D. Ding
Studies on the dynamics of solar filaments have significant implications for understanding their formation, evolution, and eruption, which are of great importance for space weather warning and forecasting. The Hα Imaging Spectrograph (HIS) on board the recently launched Chinese Hα Solar Explorer (CHASE) can provide full-disk solar Hα spectroscopic observations, which bring us an opportunity to systematically
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On the Origin of the Sudden Heliospheric Open Magnetic Flux Enhancement During the 2014 Pole Reversal Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Stephan G. Heinemann, Mathew J. Owens, Manuela Temmer, James A. Turtle, Charles N. Arge, Carl J. Henney, Jens Pomoell, Eleanna Asvestari, Jon A. Linker, Cooper Downs, Ronald M. Caplan, Stefan J. Hofmeister, Camilla Scolini, Rui F. Pinto, Maria S. Madjarska
Coronal holes are recognized as the primary sources of heliospheric open magnetic flux (OMF). However, a noticeable gap exists between in situ measured OMF and that derived from remote-sensing observations of the Sun. In this study, we investigate the OMF evolution and its connection to solar structures throughout 2014, with special emphasis on the period from September to October, where a sudden and
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The Origin of Kinematically Persistent Planes of Satellites as Driven by the Early Evolution of the Cosmic Web in ΛCDM Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Matías Gámez-Marín, Isabel Santos-Santos, Rosa Domínguez-Tenreiro, Susana E. Pedrosa, Patricia B. Tissera, M. Ángeles Gómez-Flechoso, Héctor Artal
Kinematically persistent planes (KPPs) of satellites are fixed sets of satellites co-orbiting around their host galaxy, whose orbital poles are conserved and clustered across long cosmic time intervals. They play the role of “skeletons,” ensuring the long-term durability of positional planes. We explore the physical processes behind their formation in terms of the dynamics of the local cosmic web (CW)
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Secondary Whistler and Ion-cyclotron Instabilities Driven by Mirror Modes in Galaxy Clusters Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Francisco Ley, Ellen G. Zweibel, Drake Miller, Mario Riquelme
Electron cyclotron waves (whistlers) are commonly observed in plasmas near Earth and the solar wind. In the presence of nonlinear mirror modes, bursts of whistlers, usually called lion roars, have been observed within low magnetic field regions associated with these modes. In the intracluster medium (ICM) of galaxy clusters, the excitation of the mirror instability is expected, but it is not yet clear
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Interstellar Detection of O-protonated Carbonyl Sulfide, HOCS+ Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Miguel Sanz-Novo, Víctor M. Rivilla, Izaskun Jiménez-Serra, Jesús Martín-Pintado, Laura Colzi, Shaoshan Zeng, Andrés Megías, Álvaro López-Gallifa, Antonio Martínez-Henares, Sarah Massalkhi, Belén Tercero, Pablo de Vicente, David San Andrés, Sergio Martín, Miguel A. Requena-Torres
We present the first detection in space of O-protonated carbonyl sulfide (HOCS+), in the midst of an ultradeep molecular line survey toward the G+0.693-0.027 molecular cloud. From the observation of all K a = 0 transitions ranging from J lo = 2 to J lo = 13 of HOCS+ covered by our survey, we derive a column density of N = (9 ± 2) × 1012 cm−2, translating into a fractional abundance relative to H2 of
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[O iv]- and [Ne v]-weak Active Galactic Nuclei Hidden by Compton-thick Material in Late Mergers Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Satoshi Yamada, Yoshihiro Ueda, Taiki Kawamuro, Claudio Ricci, Yoshiki Toba, Masatoshi Imanishi, Takamitsu Miyaji, Atsushi Tanimoto, Kohei Ichikawa, Martín Herrera-Endoqui, Shoji Ogawa, Ryosuke Uematsu, Keiichi Wada
We study “buried” active galactic nuclei (AGNs) almost fully covered by circumnuclear material in ultra/luminous infrared galaxies (U/LIRGs), which show weak ionized lines from narrow-line regions. Employing an indicator of a [O iv] 25.89 or [Ne v] 14.32 μm line to 12 μm AGN luminosity ratio, we find 17 buried AGN candidates that are [O iv]-weak (L [O IV]/L 12,AGN ≤ −3.0) or [Ne v]-weak (L [Ne V]/L
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Fast Outflows and Luminous He ii Emission in Dwarf Galaxies with Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Weizhe Liu, Sylvain Veilleux, Gabriela Canalizo, Todd M. Tripp, David S. N. Rupke, Archana Aravindan, Thomas Bohn, Fred Hamann, Christina M. Manzano-King
While stellar processes are believed to be the main source of feedback in dwarf galaxies, the accumulating discoveries of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in dwarf galaxies over recent years arouse the interest to also consider AGN feedback in them. Fast, AGN-driven outflows, a major mechanism of AGN feedback, have indeed been discovered in dwarf galaxies and may be powerful enough to provide feedback
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Ultra-relativistic Electron Acceleration during High-intensity Long-duration Continuous Auroral Electrojet Activity Events Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Rajkumar Hajra, Bruce T. Tsurutani, Quanming Lu, Gurbax S. Lakhina, Aimin Du, Ezequiel Echer, Adriane M. S. Franco, Mauricio J. A. Bolzan, Xinliang Gao
Magnetospheric relativistic electrons are accelerated during substorms and strong convection events that occur during high-intensity long-duration continuous auroral electrojet activity (HILDCAA) events, associated with solar wind high-speed streams (coming from coronal holes). From an analysis of ∼2–20 MeV electrons at L ∼ 2–7 measured by the Van Allen Probe satellite, it is shown that ∼3.4–4.1 days
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Astrometric Microlensing by Primordial Black Holes with the Roman Space Telescope Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 James Fardeen, Peter McGill, Scott E. Perkins, William A. Dawson, Natasha S. Abrams, Jessica R. Lu, Ming-Feng Ho, Simeon Bird
Primordial black holes (PBHs) could explain some fraction of dark matter and shed light on many areas of early-Universe physics. Despite over half a century of research interest, a PBH population has so far eluded detection. The most competitive constraints on the fraction of dark matter comprised of PBHs (f DM) in the (10−9–10)M ⊙ mass ranges come from photometric microlensing and bound f DM ≲ 10−2–10−1
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The Cosmic Ultraviolet Baryon Survey (CUBS). VIII. Group Environment of the Most Luminous Quasars at z ≈ 1 Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Jennifer I-Hsiu Li, Sean D. Johnson, Erin Boettcher, Sebastiano Cantalupo, Hsiao-Wen Chen, Mandy C. Chen, David R. DePalma, Zhuoqi (Will) Liu, Nishant Mishra, Patrick Petitjean, Zhijie Qu, Gwen C. Rudie, Joop Schaye, Fakhri S. Zahedy
We investigate the group-scale environment of 15 luminous quasars (luminosity L 3000 > 1046 erg s−1) from the Cosmic Ultraviolet Baryon Survey (CUBS) at redshift z ≈ 1. Using the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer integral field spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope, we conduct a deep galaxy redshift survey in the CUBS quasar fields to identify group members and measure the physical properties of
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The Carbon Isotopic Ratio and Planet Formation Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Edwin A. Bergin, Arthur Bosman, Richard Teague, Jenny Calahan, Karen Willacy, L. Ilsedore Cleeves, Kamber Schwarz, Ke Zhang, Simon Bruderer
We present the first detection of 13CCH in a protoplanetary disk (TW Hya). Using observations of C2H, we measure CCH/13CCH = 65 ± 20 gas with a CO isotopic ratio of 12CO/13CO = 21 ± 5. The TW Hya disk exhibits a gas phase C/O that exceeds unity, and C2H is the tracer of this excess carbon. We confirm that the TW Hya gaseous disk exhibits two separate carbon isotopic reservoirs, as noted previously
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Spatial Distribution of Intracluster Light versus Dark Matter in Horizon Run 5 Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Jaewon Yoo, Changbom Park, Cristiano G. Sabiu, Ankit Singh, Jongwan Ko, Jaehyun Lee, Christophe Pichon, M. James Jee, Brad K. Gibson, Owain Snaith, Juhan Kim, Jihye Shin, Yonghwi Kim, Hyowon Kim
One intriguing approach for studying the dynamical evolution of galaxy clusters is to compare the spatial distributions among various components such as dark matter, member galaxies, gas, and intracluster light (ICL). Utilizing the recently introduced weighted overlap coefficient (WOC), we analyze the spatial distributions of components within 174 galaxy clusters (M tot > 5 × 1013 M ⊙, z = 0.625) at
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Detecting Gravitational Wave Bursts from Stellar-mass Binaries in the mHz Band Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Zeyuan Xuan, Smadar Naoz, Bence Kocsis, Erez Michaely
The dynamical formation channels of gravitational wave (GW) sources typically involve a stage when the compact object binary source interacts with the environment, which may excite its eccentricity, yielding efficient GW emission. For the wide eccentric compact object binaries, the GW emission happens mostly near the pericenter passage, creating a unique, burst-like signature in the waveform. This
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Low-mass Population III Star Formation due to the HD Cooling Induced by Weak Lyman–Werner Radiation Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Sho Nishijima, Shingo Hirano, Hideyuki Umeda
Lyman–Werner (LW) radiation photodissociating molecular hydrogen (H2) influences the thermal and dynamical evolution of the Population III (Pop III) star-forming gas cloud. The effect of powerful LW radiation has been well investigated in the context of supermassive black hole formation in the early Universe. However, the average intensity in the early Universe is several orders of magnitude lower
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Investigating Ionization in the Intergalactic Medium Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Brad Koplitz, Anjali Ramesh, Sanchayeeta Borthakur
The intergalactic medium (IGM) contains >50% of the baryonic mass of the Universe, yet the mechanisms responsible for keeping the IGM ionized have not been fully explained. Hence, we investigate ion abundances from the largest blind QSO absorption catalog for clouds that show C iv, N v, and O vi simultaneously. The wavelength range of present UV spectrographs, however, makes it possible to probe C
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Investigation of Profile Shifting and Subpulse Movement in PSR J0344-0901 with FAST Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 H. M. Tedila, R. Yuen, N. Wang, D. Li, Z. G. Wen, W. M. Yan, J. P. Yuan, X. H. Han, P. Wang, W. W. Zhu, S. J. Dang, S. Q. Wang, J. T. Xie, Q. D. Wu, Sh. Khasanov, FAST Collaboration
We report two phenomena detected in PSR J0344−0901 from two observations conducted at frequencies centered at 1.25 GHz using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope. The first phenomenon manifests as the pulse emission shifting to later longitudinal phases and then gradually returning to its original location. The event lasts for about 216 pulse periods, with an average shift of about
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Investigation of Nonequilibrium Ionization Plasma during a Giant Flare of UX Arietis Triggered with MAXI and Observed with NICER Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Miki Kurihara, Wataru Buz Iwakiri, Masahiro Tsujimoto, Ken Ebisawa, Shin Toriumi, Shinsuke Imada, Yohko Tsuboi, Kazuki Usui, Keith C. Gendreau, Zaven Arzoumanian
We detected a giant X-ray flare from the RS CVn–type binary star UX Ari using the Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image on 2020 August 17 and started a series of Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer observations 89 minutes later. For a week, the entire duration of the flare was covered with 32 snapshot observations including the rising phase. The X-ray luminosity reached 2 × 1033 erg s−1, and the entire
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Observation of Kinetic Alfvén Waves inside an Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection Magnetic Cloud at 1 au Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Kishor Kumbhar, Anil Raghav, Omkar Dhamane, Kalpesh Ghag, Vinit Pawaskar, Zubair Shaikh, Ankush Bhaskar, Raffaella D’Amicis, Daniele Telloni
Recent advancements have significantly enhanced our grasp of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) in the heliosphere. These observations have uncovered complex kinematics and structural deformations in ICMEs, hinting at the possible generation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and kinetic-scale waves. While MHD-scale waves in magnetic clouds have been explored, understanding the dynamics of kinetic-scale
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The Slipping Magnetic Reconnection and Damped Quasiperiodic Pulsations in a Circular Ribbon Flare Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Jing Huang, Baolin Tan, Yin Zhang, Xiaoshuai Zhu, Shangbin Yang, Yuanyong Deng
The study of circular ribbon (CR) flares is important to understand the three-dimensional magnetic reconnection in the solar atmosphere. We investigate the slipping brightenings and damped quasiperiodic pulsations in a CR flare by multiwavelength observations. During the flaring process, two extreme ultraviolet brightenings (SP1 and SP2) slip synchronously along the ribbon in a counterclockwise direction
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Radio Polarization of Millisecond Pulsars with Multipolar Magnetic Fields Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Ankan Sur, Yajie Yuan, Alexander Philippov
NICER has observed a few millisecond pulsars where the geometry of the X-ray-emitting hotspots on the neutron star have been analyzed in order to constrain the mass and radius from X-ray light-curve modeling. One example, PSR J0030 + 0451, has been shown to possibly have significant multipolar magnetic fields at the stellar surface. Using force-free simulations of the magnetosphere structure, it has
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Solar Chromospheric Heating by Magnetohydrodynamic Waves: Dependence on the Inclination of the Magnetic Field Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Mayu Koyama, Toshifumi Shimizu
A proposed mechanism for solar chromospheric heating is magnetohydrodynamic waves propagating upward along magnetic field lines and dissipating their energy in the chromosphere. In particular, compressible magnetoacoustic waves may contribute to the heating. Theoretically, the components below the cutoff frequency cannot propagate into the chromosphere; however, the cutoff frequency depends on the
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Tracing the Galactic Disk with the Kinematics of Gaia Cepheids Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Xiaoyue Zhou, Xiaodian Chen, Licai Deng, Shu Wang
Classical Cepheids (CCs) are excellent tracers for understanding the structure of the Milky Way disk. The latest Gaia Data Release 3 provides a large number of line-of-sight velocity information for Galactic CCs, offering an opportunity for studying the kinematics of the Milky Way. We determine the 3D velocities of 2057 CCs relative to the Galactic center. From the projections of the 3D velocities
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The Effect of Resistivity on the Periodicity of Oscillatory Reconnection Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Jordan Talbot, James A. McLaughlin, Gert J. J. Botha, Mark Hancock
The oscillatory reconnection mechanism is investigated for a parameter study of eight orders of magnitude of resistivity, with a particular interest in the evolution of the oscillating current density at the null point and its associated periodicity. The resistive, nonlinear MHD simulations are solved in 2.5D for different levels of resistivity. Three methods (wavelet analysis, Fourier transform, and
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Constraints on the Evolution of the Ionizing Background and Ionizing Photon Mean Free Path at the End of Reionization Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Frederick B. Davies, Sarah E. I. Bosman, Prakash Gaikwad, Fahad Nasir, Joseph F. Hennawi, George D. Becker, Martin G. Haehnelt, Valentina D’Odorico, Manuela Bischetti, Anna-Christina Eilers, Laura C. Keating, Girish Kulkarni, Samuel Lai, Chiara Mazzucchelli, Yuxiang Qin, Sindhu Satyavolu, Feige Wang, Jinyi Yang, Yongda Zhu
The variations in Lyα forest opacity observed at z > 5.3 between lines of sight to different background quasars are too strong to be caused by fluctuations in the density field alone. The leading hypothesis for the cause of this excess variance is a late, ongoing reionization process at redshifts below six. Another model proposes strong ionizing background fluctuations coupled to a short, spatially
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The ΛCDM-NG Cosmological Model: A Possible Resolution of the Hubble Tension Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Richard J. Cook
We offer a cosmological model based on conventional general relativity (no speculative physics) that may resolve the Hubble tension. A reanalysis of the foundation of the Lambda-CDM model shows that general relativity alone does not specify what fraction of the mass density acts as the source term in Friedmann’s equation and what fraction acts as the source of the gravitational potential of condensed
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Multifrequency Very Long Baseline Interferometry Imaging of the Subparsec-scale Jet in the Sombrero Galaxy (M104) Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Xi Yan, Ru-Sen Lu, Wu Jiang, Thomas P. Krichbaum, Fu-Guo Xie, Zhi-Qiang Shen
We report multifrequency and multiepoch very long baseline interferometry studies of the subparsec jet in the Sombrero galaxy (M104, NGC 4594). Using Very Long Baseline Array data at 12, 22, 44, and 88 GHz, we study the kinematics of the jet and the properties of the compact core. The subparsec jet is clearly detected at 12 and 22 GHz, and the inner jet base is resolved down to ∼70 Schwarzschild radii
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Turbulent Magnetic Reconnection as an Acceleration Mechanism in Earth’s Magnetotail Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Daniel D. Sega, Robert E. Ergun
Using electric and magnetic fields measured by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission, we construct a test-particle simulation of a turbulent magnetic reconnection region to investigate observed ion acceleration. We identify three types of energized ions: (1) ion jets, (2) Speiser-like energized ions—both of which carry significant energy but do not produce a strong energetic (>80 keV) tail in
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Concise Spectrotemporal Studies of Magnetar SGR J1935+2154 Bursts Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Özge Keskin, Ersin Göğüş, Yuki Kaneko, Mustafa Demirer, Shotaro Yamasaki, Matthew G. Baring, Lin Lin, Oliver J. Roberts, Chryssa Kouveliotou
SGR J1935+2154 has truly been the most prolific magnetar over the last decade: it has been entering into burst active episodes once every 1–2 yr since its discovery in 2014, it emitted the first Galactic fast radio burst associated with an X-ray burst in 2020, and it has emitted hundreds of energetic short bursts. Here, we present the time-resolved spectral analysis of 51 bright bursts from SGR J1935+2154
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Investigating 56 High Galactic Latitude Open Cluster Candidates in Gaia DR3 Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 You Wu, Jing Chen, Su Zhang, Xingyin Wei, Feilong He, Yunbo Zhao, Xuran He
Using Gaia DR3 data, we revisit 56 high Galactic latitude (∣b∣ ≥ 30°) open cluster (OC) candidates with poor shapes of color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs), including unclear and paired main sequences (MSs). We aim to confirm their physical reality and explore whether the special MS morphology is intrinsic to genuine OCs. Initially, we redetermine cluster memberships by integrating five outlier detection
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Constraining the PG 1553+113 Binary Hypothesis: Interpreting Hints of a New, 22 yr Period Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 S. Adhikari, P. Peñil, J. R. Westernacher-Schneider, A. Domínguez, M. Ajello, S. Buson, A. Rico, J. Zrake
PG 1553+113 is a well-known blazar exhibiting evidence of a ∼2.2 yr quasiperiodic oscillation (QPO) in the radio, optical, X-ray, and γ-ray bands. Since QPO mechanisms often predict multiple QPOs, we search for a second QPO in its historical optical light curve covering a century of observations. Despite challenging data quality issues, we find hints of a 21.8 ± 4.7 yr oscillation. On its own, this
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The Kullback–Leibler Divergence and the Convergence Rate of Fast Covariance Matrix Estimators in Galaxy Clustering Analysis Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Zhigang Li, Zhejie Ding, Yu Yu, Pengjie Zhang
We present a method to quantify the convergence rate of the fast estimators of the covariance matrices in the large-scale structure analysis. Our method is based on the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence, which describes the relative entropy of two probability distributions. As a case study, we analyze the delete-d jackknife estimator for the covariance matrix of the galaxy correlation function. We introduce
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Efficiency of Nonthermal Pulsed Emission from Eight MeV Pulsars Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 J. Takata, H.-H. Wang, L. C.-C. , Lin, S. Kisaka
We report on the properties of pulsed X-ray emission from eight MeV pulsars using XMM-Newton, NICER, NuSTAR, and HXMT data. For five of the eight MeV pulsars, the X-ray spectra can be fit by a broken power-law model with a break energy of ∼5–10 keV. The photon indices below and above the break energy are ∼1 and ∼1.5, respectively. In comparison with the X-ray emission of the Fermi-LAT pulsars, the
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Model-independent Approach of the JUNO 8B Solar Neutrino Program Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Jie Zhao, Baobiao Yue, Haoqi Lu, Yufeng Li, Jiajie Ling, Zeyuan Yu, Angel Abusleme, Thomas Adam, Shakeel Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmed, Sebastiano Aiello, Muhammad Akram, Abid Aleem, Tsagkarakis Alexandros, Fengpeng An, Qi An, Giuseppe Andronico, Nikolay Anfimov, Vito Antonelli, Tatiana Antoshkina, Burin Asavapibhop, João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André, Didier Auguste, Weidong Bai, Nikita Balashov, Wander
The physics potential of detecting 8B solar neutrinos will be exploited at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), in a model-independent manner by using three distinct channels of the charged current (CC), neutral current (NC), and elastic scattering (ES) interactions. Due to the largest-ever mass of 13C nuclei in the liquid scintillator detectors and the expected low background level
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Cosmic Sands. II. Challenges in Predicting and Measuring High-z Dust Temperatures Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Sidney Lower, Desika Narayanan, Chia-Yu Hu, George C. Privon
In the current era of high-z galaxy discovery with JWST and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, our ability to study the stellar populations and interstellar medium conditions in a diverse range of galaxies at Cosmic Dawn has rapidly improved. At the same time, the need to understand the current limitations in modeling galaxy formation processes and physical properties in order to interpret
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Detectability of Supermassive Dark Stars with the Roman Space Telescope Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Saiyang Zhang, Cosmin Ilie, Katherine Freese
Supermassive dark stars (SMDS) are luminous stellar objects formed in the early Universe at redshift z ∼ 10–20, made primarily of hydrogen and helium, yet powered by dark matter. We examine the capabilities of the Roman Space Telescope (RST), and find it able to identify ∼106 M ⊙ SMDSs at redshifts up to z ≃ 14. With a gravitational lensing factor of μ ∼ 100, RST could identify SMDS as small as ∼104
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Data-driven Discovery of Diffuse Interstellar Bands with APOGEE Spectra Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Kevin A. McKinnon, Melissa K. Ness, Constance M. Rockosi, Puragra Guhathakurta
Data-driven models of stellar spectra are useful tools to study nonstellar information, such as the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) caused by intervening interstellar material. Using ∼55,000 spectra of ∼17,000 red clump stars from the APOGEE DR16 data set, we create second-order polynomial models of the continuum-normalized flux as a function of stellar parameters (T eff, logg , [Fe/H], [α/Fe], and
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A Perspective on the Milky Way Bulge Bar as Seen from the Neutron-capture Elements Cerium and Neodymium with APOGEE Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 J. V. Sales-Silva, K. Cunha, V. V. Smith, S. Daflon, D. Souto, R. Guerço, A. Queiroz, C. Chiappini, C. R. Hayes, T. Masseron, Sten Hasselquist, D. Horta, N. Prantzos, M. Zoccali, C. Allende Prieto, B. Barbuy, R. Beaton, D. Bizyaev, J. G. Fernández-Trincado, P. M. Frinchaboy, J. A. Holtzman, J. A. Johnson, Henrik Jönsson, S. R. Majewski, D. Minniti, D. L. Nidever, R. P. Schiavon, M. Schultheis, J. Sobeck
This study probes the chemical abundances of the neutron-capture elements cerium and neodymium in the inner Milky Way from an analysis of a sample of ∼2000 stars in the Galactic bulge bar spatially contained within ∣X Gal∣ < 5 kpc, ∣Y Gal∣ < 3.5 kpc, and ∣Z Gal∣ < 1 kpc, and spanning metallicities between −2.0 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ +0.5. We classify the sample stars into low- or high-[Mg/Fe] populations and find
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Prediction for Arrival Time and Parameters of Corotation Interaction Regions using Earth–Mars Correlated Events from Tianwen-1, MAVEN, and Wind Observations Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Zhihui Zhong, Chenglong Shen, Yutian Chi, Dongwei Mao, Bin Miao, Zhiyi Fu, Junyan Liu, Beatriz Sánchez-Cano, Daniel Heyner, Yuming Wang
Using the Stream Interaction Regions list from the Tianwen-1/Mars Orbiter Magnetometer (MOMAG) data between 2021 November and 2021 December and from Wind observations, we present an accurate prediction for the arrival time and in situ parameters of corotating interaction regions (CIRs) when the Earth and Mars have large longitudinal separations. Since CIRs were detected earlier at Earth than at Mars
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Persistent Upflows and Downflows at Active Region Boundaries Observed by SUTRI and AIA Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Yuchuan Wu, Zhenyong Hou, Wenxian Li, Xianyong Bai, Yongliang Song, Xiao Yang, Ziyao Hu, Yuanyong Deng, Kaifan Ji
Upflows and downflows at active region (AR) boundaries have been frequently observed with spectroscopic observations at extreme ultraviolet passbands. In this paper, we report the coexistence of upflows and downflows at the AR boundaries with imaging observations from the Solar Upper Transition Region Imager (SUTRI) and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA). With their observations from 2022 September
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XMM–NuSTAR Observation and Multiwavelength Spectral Energy Distribution Modeling of Blazar 4FGL J1520.8–0348 Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Garima Rajguru, L. Marcotulli, M. Ajello, A. Tramacere
Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can power relativistic jets, which are called blazars when pointed close to our line of sight. Depending on the presence or absence of emission lines in their optical spectra, blazars are categorized into flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) or BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects. According to the “blazar sequence,” as synchrotron peak frequency ( νpksy ) shifts to higher energies
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Compton Scattering of Electrons in the Intergalactic Medium Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Yuanyuan Yang, Heyang Long, Christopher M. Hirata
This paper investigates the distribution and implications of cosmic-ray electrons within the intergalactic medium (IGM). Utilizing a synthesis model of the extragalactic background, we evolve the spectrum of Compton-included cosmic rays. The energy density distribution of cosmic-ray electrons peaks at redshift z ≈ 2, and peaks in the ∼MeV range. The fractional contribution of cosmic-ray pressure to
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The Radial Orbits of Ram-pressure-stripped Galaxies in Clusters from the GASP Survey Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Andrea Biviano, Bianca M. Poggianti, Yara Jaffé, Ana C. Lourenço, Lorenzo Pizzuti, Alessia Moretti, Benedetta Vulcani
We analyze a sample of 244 ram-pressure-stripped candidate galaxy members within the virial radius of 62 nearby clusters to determine their velocity anisotropy profile β(r). We use previously determined mass profiles for the 62 clusters to build an ensemble cluster by stacking the 62 cluster samples in projected phase space. We solve the Jeans equation for dynamical equilibrium by two methods, MAMPOSSt
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A Geometric Neutron Star Model of Repeating and Nonrepeating Fast Radio Bursts Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Ze-Nan Liu, Zhao-Yang Xia, Shu-Qing Zhong, Fa-Yin Wang, Zi-Gao Dai
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration extragalactic radio transients. They fall into the categories of repeaters and apparent nonrepeaters. However, such a classification causes a lack of motivation to investigate the physical picture. Here, we propose a unified geometric model to distinguish between repeaters and apparent nonrepeaters, in which the quasi-tangential (QT) propagation effect
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Testing Approximate Infrared Scattering Radiative-transfer Methods for Hot Jupiter Atmospheres Astrophys. J. (IF 4.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Elspeth K. H. Lee
The calculation of internal atmospheric (longwave) fluxes is a key component of any model of exoplanet atmospheres that requires radiative-transfer (RT) calculations. For atmospheres containing a strong scattering component such as cloud particles, most 1D multiple-scattering RT methods typically involve numerically expensive matrix inversions. This computational bottleneck is exacerbated when multitudes