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Foreword Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2023-01-02 Mary Campbell McQueen
Published in Justice System Journal (Vol. 43, No. 4, 2022)
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Letter from the Editor Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2023-01-02 Amy Steigerwalt
Published in Justice System Journal (Vol. 43, No. 4, 2022)
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A War of Words Over Abortion: The Legal-Framing Contest Over the Undue Burden Standard Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-12-01 Holly J. McCammon
Abstract Movement lawyering often results in litigation battles. Litigant lawyers in Supreme Court abortion cases, who are typically affiliated with, if not members of the reproductive-rights and antiabortion movements, for many years have engaged in a war of words as they dispute abortion laws and what constitutes an undue burden on abortion access. I use and build on social movement framing theory
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The Effects of Jurors’ Initial Views of Jury Service on Predeliberation Preferences for Prosecution or Defense Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-11-23 Liana Pennington, Matthew J. Dolliver
Abstract Jury trials are considered a key element of the American criminal justice system, even as many question the continued legitimacy of the jury system and its ability to be fair. Using data from actual jurors collected at both the beginning of jury service and after deliberations, this research examines whether jurors’ views of the fairness of the jury system affect perceptions of evidence presented
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Assessing the Influence of Supreme Court’s Shadow Docket in the Judicial Hierarchy Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-11-14 Alex Badas, Billy Justus, Siyu Li
Abstract The Supreme Court’s increased use of the “shadow docket” and the salience of the issues handled on the shadow docket have raised normative concerns over its use. Critics argue that the Supreme Court should not make law without following established procedures of a full briefing, oral arguments, and deliberation. Those seeking to defend the Court point out that decisions made on the shadow
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Emerging Hardball Confirmation Tactics and Public Support for the U.S. Supreme Court Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-11-09 Scott S. Boddery, Aaron M. Houck, Andrew J. O’Geen
Abstract We collected data on individuals’ support for politically motivated “hardball” tactics for U.S. Supreme Court confirmations from three distinct time periods: in the days leading up to the initial confirmation proceedings for Brett Kavanaugh’s elevation to the U.S. Supreme Court, immediately following the second round of hearings held to address the sexual assault allegations brought by Christine
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Letter from the Editor—Volume 43, Issue 3 Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-10-28 Amy Steigerwalt
Published in Justice System Journal (Vol. 43, No. 3, 2022)
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President Trump and the Politics of Judicial Nominations Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-10-14 Jonathan M. King, Peter McAndrews, Ian Ostrander
Abstract President Trump brought judicial appointments to the pinnacle of political salience while campaigning and in office. He was also the first president to inherit Senate rules making it easier to confirm judicial appointments while past partisan obstruction provided his administration with a backlog of vacancies. How then, did President Trump’s ability to gain Senate confirmation for judicial
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State Supreme Court Responsiveness to Court Curbing: Examining the Use of Judicial Review Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-10-11 Meghan E. Leonard
Abstract State legislatures introduce court-curbing legislation as they threaten to restrict the independence of state high courts. While scholars have examined when this legislation is introduced and what drives the introduction, we know little about how state supreme courts react to this legislation. In this paper, I begin the examination into how state courts react to court-curbing legislation by
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Ex Ante and Ex Post Control over Courts in the US States: Court Curbing and Political Party Influence Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-09-20 Michael A. Catalano
Abstract Court curbing, proposed policy that attempts to “restrict, remove or otherwise limit” the power of the judiciary, occurs regularly and with considerable variation throughout the US states. I deviate from past studies, which consider court curbing as an ex post control mechanism, by focusing on ex ante controls of state courts – judicial selection rules and processes. I argue that levels of
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Understanding the Judiciary from the Inside. The Legal Culture of Judges in Mexico1 Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-09-19 Azul A. Aguiar-Aguilar
Abstract Judges' legal culture is a factor that has been regarded as an important explanation of judicial behavior. As a concept, however, it has been difficult to operationalize and measure and, therefore, frequently dismissed. In this piece, I bridge three different literatures, tackling the lack of theorization in judicial politics' ideational accounts when dealing with the concept of judges' legal
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Estimating the Ideal Points of Organized Interests in Legal Policy Space Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-09-09 Thomas G. Hansford, Sarah Depaoli, Kayla S. Canelo
Abstract Scholars have been limited in the development and testing of theory regarding the incidence and impact of organized interest advocacy at the U.S. Supreme Court due to a critical measurement issue - the inability to properly locate these interests in the legal policy space in which the Court operates. We treat the positions articulated by organized interests in their amicus curiae briefs as
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Partisanship and Polarization in State Court Vacancies Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-09-05 Benjamin Melusky, Shenita Brazelton
Abstract Backlogs and long delays in the confirmation of federal judicial nominees have become a common occurrence in Washington, leaving many federal benches understaffed and overworked. While this phenomenon has been well studied at the federal level examining political and institutional factors at play beyond senatorial courtesy, little is known if delay occurs in court systems of the individual
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Indigent Defense Participation by Private Contractors and the Role of Compensation as an Incentive Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-08-24 Christopher A. Sadler, Jonah A. Siegel
Abstract The Sixth Amendment’s guarantee of the right to counsel for individuals accused of a crime is critical to ensuring a fair and just legal system. Despite popular belief, many indigent clients are represented by private attorneys who contract with court systems rather than employees of public defender offices. Understanding the incentives that motivate private attorneys to participate in the
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Snooze or Snub? How the Public Reacts to Judicial Attendance at the State of the Union Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-08-23 Natalie C. Rogol, Matthew D. Montgomery
Abstract The president’s State of the Union Address is the pinnacle agenda-setting event of the executive’s year. Generally, along with the executive’s cabinet, the entire House and Senate are present. One branch’s attendance, however, has noticeably fluctuated over time. To date, we know of no research that studies the public response to the Court’s decision to skip or attend. For this study, we develop
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Federal Appeals Court Responses to Supreme Court Precedent Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-08-15 Benjamin J. Kassow, Michael P. Fix
Abstract This manuscript examines how federal appeals courts respond to precedent, in this case, Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corporation v. Public Service Commission. This account includes a comprehensive theory that examines attitudinal factors that relate to Central Hudson, specific relevant legal factors that relate to the case, as well as strategic considerations. We additionally argue that federal
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Letter from the Editor – Volume 43, Issue 2 Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Amy Steigerwalt
Published in Justice System Journal (Vol. 43, No. 2, 2022)
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The Supreme Spectacle: An Analysis of Public Attendance at the Supreme Court Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Jake S. Truscott
Abstract While many are aware that the Supreme Court allocates seats for the public to view oral arguments, substantive analyses that have measured the motivations for attendance are lacking. I analyze who attends oral arguments using a descriptive approach with a novel dataset of public attendance at Supreme Court oral arguments during the 2019 term. A concurrent assessment of interviews conducted
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Estimating the “Legislators in Robes”: Measuring Judges' Political Preferences Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 Maoz Rosenthal, Shai Talmor
Abstract In political systems where political parties are not the sole veto player on judicial nominations, the judicial selection process obfuscates judges' political preferences. However, activists, politicians, pundits, public opinion, and scholars try to assess these preferences because they are crucial for understanding the interaction between judges and political elites. We present a method for
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Reshaping Court Systems: Issue Environments and the Establishment of Drug Courts Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Tracy L. R. Lightcap
Abstract State court systems are being reshaped by the widespread adoption of drug courts. However, there has been limited attention to what drives the decision to create drug courts in the states. I link the establishment of drug courts to local issue environments found in each state that support proactive judicial and legal elites. I propose hypotheses that link the density of drug courts to judicial
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Prosecutorial Gatekeeping and Its Effects on Criminal Accountability: The Roman Prosecutor’s Office and Corruption Investigations in Italy, 1975–1994 Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-07-27 Lucia Manzi
Abstract What explains a criminal justice system’s persistent failure to prosecute a salient and widespread criminal issue, such as systemic corruption? I argue that this results from the presence of a prosecutorial gatekeeper, namely an institution capable of raising jurisdictional issues strategically for the purpose of appropriating investigations and controlling their outcome. In this article,
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Letter from the Editor—Volume 43, Issue 1 Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-07-22 Amy Steigerwalt
Published in Justice System Journal (Vol. 43, No. 1, 2022)
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The Impact of Female Leadership in Collegial Courts on Time to Render Merits Decisions: Evidence from the Norwegian Supreme Court Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-07-21 Mintao Nie, Gunnar Grendstad, William R. Shaffer, Eric N. Waltenburg
Abstract What is the effect of gender on the deliberative process of judging? Drawing on previous research on female leaders’ inclination to foster a more inclusive and collaborative decision-making process, we argue that decision making takes more time in a collegial court when female justices preside over decisional panels. Analyzing an original data set on cases decided by the Norwegian Supreme
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The Constitutionality of the Co-existence of Secularism and Islam as the State Religion: Samarendra Nath Goswami v. Government of Bangladesh and Ors. Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-07-20 Muhammad Rezaur Rahman, S. M. Morsalin Hider
Published in Justice System Journal (Vol. 43, No. 2, 2022)
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Student Expression and the First Amendment: Mahanoy Area School District v. B. L. Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-07-18 Scott J. Hofer
Published in Justice System Journal (Vol. 43, No. 2, 2022)
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Invisible Constitutions: Concurring Opinions and Plurality Judgments under Marks v. United States Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-07-18 Albert H. Rivero, Ellen M. Key, Jeffrey A. Segal
Abstract The Supreme Court’s decision in Marks v. United States instructs lower courts interpreting plurality judgments to follow the opinion concurring on the narrowest grounds, or the opinion closest to the dissent, creating the possibility that the position of the Court may not be one favored by the median justice. While the Marks doctrine creates a problem theoretically, it is unclear how frequently
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Ready for Their Close-Up? Ideological Cues and Strategic Televising in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Christopher D. Kromphardt, Joseph P. Bolton
Abstract Federal judges offer several stated purposes for pursuing greater publicity in the judicial process, including improving the quality of reporting and educating the public. They are less candid about other goals that influence steps they take as they shape how they are perceived, including strategically using publicity to secure others’ compliance, neutralize policy disagreement, or build legitimacy
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Justice for All: A Collection of New Empirical Research on Indigent Defense Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-06-07 Andrew Davies, Janet Moore
Published in Justice System Journal (Vol. 43, No. 1, 2022)
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Judicial Selection and State Gay and Reproductive Rights Decisions Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-05-28 Daniel J. Mallinson, Michael Christopher Zimmerman
Abstract Partisan cues, dynamic representation, and indirect accountability provide theoretical underpinnings for the influence of judicial selection and public opinion in state courts. It is unclear, however, how their effects change across different policy domains. We begin to address this gap by examining state gay and reproductive rights decisions. The effect of national public opinion is conditional
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Felon-Jurors’ Impact on Deliberation Satisfaction: Do They Really “Infect” the Process? Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-05-19 James M. Binnall, Nick Petersen
Abstract Forty-nine states, the federal government, and the District of Colombia, statutorily restrict citizens with a felony conviction from serving as jurors. Proponents of felon-juror exclusion justify the practice by suggesting that those with a felony criminal history, if allowed to serve, would infect the adjudicative process. No data supports this assumption. Rather, evidence tends to demonstrate
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Local Media Coverage of Candidates for State Supreme Courts Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-05-18 David A. Hughes
Abstract What explains media coverage of state supreme court candidates? While the scholarly literature thoroughly examines media coverage of judicial decision-making, little is known about how members of the press cover candidates for the bench. This is an important omission as the campaign trail is one of the few places where voters and candidates directly interact with one another. In this research
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The Interaction between Legal Representation and Extralegal Factors on Nonviolent Misdemeanor Case Outcomes Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-05-13 Alisa Smith, Sean Maddan
Abstract Several theories propose that extralegal factors influence criminal justice outcomes, particularly in less serious cases. Legal representation is intended to afford defendants, even in less serious cases, due process and fair proceedings. So, legal representation should neutralize the effect of extralegal factors in determining criminal justice outcomes, and this should be the case whether
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“Satan’s Minions” and “True Believers”: How Criminal Defense Attorneys Employ Quasi-Religious Rhetoric and What It Suggests about Lawyering Culture Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-04-29 Elizabeth Webster, Kathleen Powell, Sarah E. Lageson, Valerio Baćak
Abstract The notion of law as sacred, and lawyers as righteous saviors, may seem anachronistic in the current context of heavy caseloads and expedited processing in the criminal justice system. Nevertheless, language reflecting these ideals still permeates defense attorneys’ descriptions of their roles, their legal practice, and their relationships to their colleagues and adversaries. We examine this
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Letter from the Editor–Volume 42, Issues 3,4 Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-04-21 Amy Steigerwalt
(2021). Letter from the Editor–Volume 42, Issues 3,4. Justice System Journal: Vol. 42, Race, Gender, Law & Courts, pp. 227-229.
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Client Perspectives of Holistic Defense: Strengthening Procedural Justice through Enhanced Client Trust Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-04-11 Kimberly M. Davidson, Brian J. Ostrom, Matthew Kleiman
Abstract Holistic defense, a client-centered model that relies on team-based operations, has emerged in recent years as an alternative to traditional public defense practices. There is some evidence that holistic defense improves client outcomes, yet no research to date has evaluated client perspectives of holistic defense among adult clients. In this study, we hypothesize a relationship between holistic
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Time to Bail out: Examining Gender Differences in the Length of Pretrial Detention Using Survival Analysis Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-02-24 Jennifer L. Kenney, Matthew J. Dolliver
Abstract Sixty-six percent of the total U.S. jailed population (over 400,000 people) are being held in pretrial detention, not convicted of any crime. Most remain in jail simply because neither they nor their families can afford the bail that a judge has assigned to them. Previous research shows that the assignment of bail is both biased and that being detained in jail negatively impacts later justice
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The Consequences of Diversifying the US District Courts: Race, Gender, and Ideological Alignment through Judicial Appointments Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2022-01-19 Scott Hofer, Susan Achury
Abstract The American judiciary has seen a significant rise in diversity with active efforts by presidents to confirm women and racial minorities to the bench, yet a lack of representation remains an issue. While most of the scholarship on the influx of jurists from diverse backgrounds is centered on identifying differences in judicial decision making, we empirically test the impact of racial and gender
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Collateral Consequences of Conviction in South Carolina Courts: A Study of South Carolina Defense Lawyers Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-12-30 Peter Leasure, John Burrow, Gary Zhang, Hunter M. Boehme
Abstract Recognizing the negative impacts of collateral consequences, policy-makers and scholars have sought to implement formal and informal standards aimed at increasing defendant notice of such consequences before pleading guilty. However, very few studies have sought to explore the actual practices of court room actors regarding collateral consequence notice. The current study filled this gap in
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Bridging the Gap between Clients and Public Defenders: Introducing a Structured Shadow Method to Examine Attorney Communication Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-12-09 Christopher M. Campbell, Kelsey S. Henderson
Abstract A growing body of scholarship argues that representing clients in an effective and quality manner should be a critical goal for public defenders, emphasizing the need to be client-centered. Beyond this call, recent research emphasizes that client-centered approaches hinge on good communication as it can contribute to a more effective attorney–client relationship. However, to identify and improve
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“Listen, Hear my Side, Back Me up”: What Clients Want from Public Defenders Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-12-08 Heather Pruss, M. Sandys, S. M. Walsh
Abstract The current study was designed to understand what persons represented by public defenders want from their attorney and how they hope or aspire to interact with their attorney. The results of a thematic analysis of qualitative responses to those inquiries, from 120 people represented by a rural public defender agency, are presented in this article. Though extant literature in this area is scant
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Letter from the Editor - Volume 42, Issue 2 Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-11-26 Amy Steigerwalt
(2021). Letter from the Editor - Volume 42, Issue 2. Justice System Journal: Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 113-114.
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Environmental Migration and Asylum: Ioane Teitiota v. New Zealand Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-10-26 Ivanka Bergova
(2021). Environmental Migration and Asylum: Ioane Teitiota v. New Zealand. Justice System Journal: Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 222-224.
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Judicial Review of Asylum Claims at the Border- Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-11-02 Maureen Stobb
(2021). Judicial Review of Asylum Claims at the Border- Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam. Justice System Journal: Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 225-226.
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Access to Counsel for Defendants in Lower Criminal Courts Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-09-15 Alyssa M. Clark, Andrew L. B. Davies, Karise M. Curtis
Abstract Criminal defendants unable to afford an attorney are entitled to one for free in the United States, but how and when they obtain access to that lawyer is another question. We examine judicial attitudes and behavior in granting access to counsel in areas where logistics are particularly forbidding. Based on survey responses from 1,091 magistrate judges presiding in lower criminal courts in
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The Justices’ Words: The Relationship between Majority and Separate Opinions Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-08-24 Abigail A. Matthews
Abstract Majority and separate opinions reflect the justices’ deliberations and strategic decision-making. As justices try to shape the legal outcome, private disagreements during the opinion-writing process spill out into the open, becoming the written words of majority and separate opinions. In this article, I ask how justices use separate opinions to shape the law. I argue that the length of an
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Examining Value-Added: Jury-Trial Rights in Termination of Parental Rights Cases Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-08-23 Mary R. Rose, Nisa R. Sheikh
Abstract Research typically finds some variability in verdicts across judges versus juries, indicating juries’ added value in legal disputes; that is, juries can and do see cases differently than judges. In an exploratory study, we examine termination of parental rights (TPR) trials, a nontraditional context in which a few states permit juries as well as judges to make decisions. Prior unpublished
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The Legal Double Standard: Gender, Personality Information, and the Evaluation of Supreme Court Nominees Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-08-23 Philip Chen, Amanda Bryan
Abstract In the last several decades a wide literature has developed around gendered perceptions of political leaders. However, to date, the lion’s share of this literature has examined elected officials. Here we argue that a similar effect can be found in perceptions of judges and judging. Using two survey experiments, we argue that the core quality by which judges are evaluated, “judiciousness,”
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Letter from the Editor -Volume 42, Issue 1 Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-07-08 Amy Steigerwalt
(2021). Letter from the Editor -Volume 42, Issue 1. Justice System Journal: Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 1-2.
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The Deliberative Process Privilege and the Freedom of Information Act: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service v. Sierra Club (2021) Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-07-08 Gbemende E. Johnson
(2021). The Deliberative Process Privilege and the Freedom of Information Act: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service v. Sierra Club (2021) Justice System Journal: Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 106-109.
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Constant Change at the Wisconsin Ballot Box: Voting Rights at Issue in Luft v. Evers Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-07-08 Rachael Houston
(2021). Constant Change at the Wisconsin Ballot Box: Voting Rights at Issue in Luft v. Evers. Justice System Journal: Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 110-112.
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“She Blinded Me with Science”: The Use of Science Frames in Abortion Litigation before the Supreme Court Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-05-24 Laura P. Moyer
Abstract While much of the work on amicus briefs focuses on whether such briefs affect Supreme Court outcomes or doctrine, much less is known about the content of these briefs, particularly how groups opt to frame issues as part of their litigation strategy. In this study, I leverage an approach to content analysis that has previously been used to analyze judicial opinions and use it to assess the
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Is Nine Too Much? How the Gender Composition of State Supreme Courts Influences Support for Female Candidates Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-05-18 Rorie Spill Solberg, Christopher T. Stout
Abstract Women may have broken the glass ceiling in terms of appointments or election to the highest courts in the U.S. but barriers still exist. In this study, we explore whether voters who have the opportunity to select state supreme court justices account for gender composition when deciding whether to support a female candidate. We test this proposition using data from the Judicial Elections Database
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The Influence of Diversity and Qualifications in Presidential Nominations: The Case of United States Attorneys Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-05-07 Brett Curry, Banks Miller
Abstract In this project, we employ original data on the future positions of United States Attorneys (USAs) to assess the influence of formal qualifications in structuring the post-service careers of a group of elite political figures. Compared to USAs who are white men, we find that presidents are significantly more likely to nominate USAs who are females or minorities to positions on the federal
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Can Technology Be a Potential Solution for a Cost-Effective Litigation System in Bangladesh? Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-05-01 Ummey Sharaban Tahura
Abstract This article examines whether the increased use of technology has the potential to deliver a cost-effective and time-efficient litigation system in Bangladesh. It investigates how technology can be an integral part of the litigation system and a factor in reducing litigation costs and backlog to ensure greater access to justice. This empirical research identifies the costliest areas of litigation
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The Chief Justice and Judicial Legitimacy Evidence from the Influence of Public Opinion Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-04-10 Alex Badas
Abstract The Chief Justice is viewed as the leader of the Supreme Court. In their position of leadership, many –including the Chief Justice– believe it is incumbent upon the Chief Justice to maintain and enhance the Court’s institutional legitimacy. This paper hypothesizes that because the Chief Justice is concerned with the Court’s legitimacy, he will be influenced by public opinion to a greater extent
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A Harder and Longer Process? Dispelling Myths about Women in Judicial Primary Elections Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-03-30 Kate Eugenis
Abstract Research suggests that women who run in elections for state supreme court tend to do well in those elections. However, this begs the question: how do those women fare in judicial primary elections and is the subsequent success just a reflection of a more arduous primary process? Using a unique dataset of judicial primary elections from 1990 through 2016, I establish similarities and differences
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Letter from the Editor Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-03-21 Amy Steigerwalt
(2020). Letter from the Editor. Justice System Journal: Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 289-291.
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Money Talks, but is Prior Pay Silenced Under the Equal Pay Act? Rizo v. Yovino Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Kristen M. Renberg
(2020). Money Talks, but is Prior Pay Silenced Under the Equal Pay Act? Rizo v. Yovino. Justice System Journal: Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 379-380.
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Race, Neighborhoods, and Sentencing: How Social Conditions and Neighborhood Types Affect Incarceration Disparities Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-03-08 Ellen A. Donnelly
Abstract Crime rates and criminal justice responses to them are unevenly distributed across communities in the United States. When court officials review a new case, they consider whether the alleged offender and incident fit the “normal” profile of a case from a community. Neighborhoods and their conditions, such as economic disadvantage, crime rate, and racial/ethnic composition, may have understudied
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Feedback for professionals: co-production of court services by mirrormeeting-focusgroups for the judiciary in the Netherlands Justice System Journal (IF 0.707) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Martijn van Gils, Franka Baardman, Philip Langbroek
Abstract Mirrormeetings are focusgroups used by courts in the Netherland to gather feedback on the functioning of court services and judges in different fields of law. Different categories of court users are consulted on their experiences with court proceedings in different legal fields. In the set-up of those meetings judges and court staff are the listening audience of the conversation between court