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Emergence of simple and complex contagion dynamics from weighted belief networks Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Rachith Aiyappa, Alessandro Flammini, Yong-Yeol Ahn
Social contagion is a ubiquitous and fundamental process that drives individual and social changes. Although social contagion arises as a result of cognitive processes and biases, the integration of cognitive mechanisms with the theory of social contagion remains an open challenge. In particular, studies on social phenomena usually assume contagion dynamics to be either simple or complex, rather than
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Mechanisms used for cDNA synthesis and site-specific integration of RNA into DNA genomes by a reverse transcriptase–Cas1 fusion protein Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Georg Mohr, Jun Yao, Seung Kuk Park, Laura Markham, Alan M. Lambowitz
Reverse transcriptase–Cas1 (RT-Cas1) fusion proteins found in some CRISPR systems enable spacer acquisition from both RNA and DNA, but the mechanism of RNA spacer acquisition has remained unclear. Here, we found that Marinomonas mediterranea RT-Cas1/Cas2 adds short 3′-DNA (dN) tails to RNA protospacers, enabling their direct integration into CRISPR arrays as 3′-dN-RNAs or 3′-dN-RNA/cDNA duplexes at
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Electron videography of a lipid–protein tango Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 John W. Smith, Lauren N. Carnevale, Aditi Das, Qian Chen
Biological phenomena, from enzymatic catalysis to synaptic transmission, originate in the structural transformations of biomolecules and biomolecular assemblies in liquid water. However, directly imaging these nanoscopic dynamics without probes or labels has been a fundamental methodological challenge. Here, we developed an approach for “electron videography”—combining liquid phase electron microscopy
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RIPK3 deficiency blocks R-2-hydroxyglutarate–induced necroptosis in IDH-mutated AML cells Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Shuanghong Zhu, Yingwan Luo, Kongfei Li, Chen Mei, Yuxia Wang, Lingxu Jiang, Wei Wang, Qi Zhang, Wenli Yang, Wei Lang, Xinping Zhou, Lu Wang, Yanling Ren, Liya Ma, Li Ye, Xin Huang, Jianjun Chen, Jie Sun, Hongyan Tong
Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs) produce R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG), which inhibits the growth of most acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Here, we showed that necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, contributed to the antileukemia activity of R-2HG. Mechanistically, R-2HG competitively inhibited the activity of lysine demethylase 2B (KDM2B), an α-ketoglutarate–dependent dioxygenase
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Structural insights into the unexpected agonism of tetracyclic antidepressants at serotonin receptors 5-HT 1e R and 5-HT 1F R Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Gregory Zilberg, Alexandra K. Parpounas, Audrey L. Warren, Bianca Fiorillo, Davide Provasi, Marta Filizola, Daniel Wacker
Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] acts via 13 different receptors in humans. Of these receptor subtypes, all but 5-HT 1e R have confirmed roles in native tissue and are validated drug targets. Despite 5-HT 1e R’s therapeutic potential and plausible druggability, the mechanisms of its activation remain elusive. To illuminate 5-HT 1e R’s pharmacology in relation to the highly homologous 5-HT 1F
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Acoustothermal transfection for cell therapy Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Xiufang Liu, Ning Rong, Zhenhua Tian, Joseph Rich, Lili Niu, Pengqi Li, Laixin Huang, Yankai Dong, Wei Zhou, Pengfei Zhang, Yizhao Chen, Congzhi Wang, Long Meng, Tony Jun Huang, Hairong Zheng
Transfected stem cells and T cells are promising in personalized cell therapy and immunotherapy against various diseases. However, existing transfection techniques face a fundamental trade-off between transfection efficiency and cell viability; achieving both simultaneously remains a substantial challenge. This study presents an acoustothermal transfection method that leverages acoustic and thermal
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Decoding triancestral origins, archaic introgression, and natural selection in the Japanese population by whole-genome sequencing Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Xiaoxi Liu, Satoshi Koyama, Kohei Tomizuka, Sadaaki Takata, Yuki Ishikawa, Shuji Ito, Shunichi Kosugi, Kunihiko Suzuki, Keiko Hikino, Masaru Koido, Yoshinao Koike, Momoko Horikoshi, Takashi Gakuhari, Shiro Ikegawa, Kochi Matsuda, Yukihide Momozawa, Kaoru Ito, Yoichiro Kamatani, Chikashi Terao
We generated Japanese Encyclopedia of Whole-Genome/Exome Sequencing Library (JEWEL), a high-depth whole-genome sequencing dataset comprising 3256 individuals from across Japan. Analysis of JEWEL revealed genetic characteristics of the Japanese population that were not discernible using microarray data. First, rare variant–based analysis revealed an unprecedented fine-scale genetic structure. Together
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Ultralow-power optoelectronic synaptic transistors based on polyzwitterion dielectrics for in-sensor reservoir computing Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Xiaosong Wu, Shuhui Shi, Baoshuai Liang, Yu Dong, Rumeng Yang, Ruiduan Ji, Zhongrui Wang, Weiguo Huang
Bio-inspired transistor synapses use solid electrolytes to achieve low-power operation and rich synaptic behaviors via ion diffusion and trapping. While these neuromorphic devices hold great promise, they still suffer from challenges such as high leakage currents and power consumption, electrolysis risk, and irreversible conductance changes due to long-range ion migrations and permanent ion trapping
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A macroevolutionary role for chromosomal fusion and fission in Erebia butterflies Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Hannah Augustijnen, Livio Bätscher, Martin Cesanek, Tinatin Chkhartishvili, Vlad Dincă, Giorgi Iankoshvili, Kota Ogawa, Roger Vila, Seraina Klopfstein, Jurriaan M. de Vos, Kay Lucek
The impact of large-scale chromosomal rearrangements, such as fusions and fissions, on speciation is a long-standing conundrum. We assessed whether bursts of change in chromosome numbers resulting from chromosomal fusion or fission are related to increased speciation rates in Erebia , one of the most species-rich and karyotypically variable butterfly groups. We established a genome-based phylogeny
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Topology-guided polar ordering of collective cell migration Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Emma Lång, Anna Lång, Pernille Blicher, Torbjørn Rognes, Paul Gunnar Dommersnes, Stig Ove Bøe
The ability of epithelial monolayers to self-organize into a dynamic polarized state, where cells migrate in a uniform direction, is essential for tissue regeneration, development, and tumor progression. However, the mechanisms governing long-range polar ordering of motility direction in biological tissues remain unclear. Here, we investigate the self-organizing behavior of quiescent epithelial monolayers
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Antarctic Slope Undercurrent and onshore heat transport driven by ice shelf melting Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Yidongfang Si, Andrew L. Stewart, Alessandro Silvano, Alberto C. Naveira Garabato
Elevated ice shelf melt rates in West Antarctica have been attributed to transport of warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) onto the continental shelf via bathymetric troughs. These inflows are supplied by an eastward, subsurface slope current (referred to as the Antarctic Slope Undercurrent) that opposes the westward momentum input from local winds and tides. Despite its importance to basal melt, the
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From sub-Saharan Africa to China: Evolutionary history and adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster revealed by population genomics Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Junhao Chen, Chenlu Liu, Weixuan Li, Wenxia Zhang, Yirong Wang, Andrew G. Clark, Jian Lu
Drosophila melanogaster is a widely used model organism for studying environmental adaptation. However, the genetic diversity of populations in Asia is poorly understood, leaving a notable gap in our knowledge of the global evolution and adaptation of this species. We sequenced genomes of 292 D. melanogaster strains from various ecological settings in China and analyzed them along with previously published
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Perturbation-induced granular fluidization as a model for remote earthquake triggering Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Kasra Farain, Daniel Bonn
Studying the effect of mechanical perturbations on granular systems is crucial for understanding soil stability, avalanches, and earthquakes. We investigate a granular system as a laboratory proxy for fault gouge. When subjected to a slow shear, granular materials typically exhibit a stress overshoot before reaching a steady state. We find that short seismic pulses can reset a granular system flowing
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Achieving room temperature plasticity in brittle ceramics through elevated temperature preloading Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Chao Shen, Jin Li, Tongjun Niu, Jaehun Cho, Zhongxia Shang, Yifan Zhang, Anyu Shang, Bo Yang, Ke Xu, R. Edwin García, Haiyan Wang, Xinghang Zhang
Ceramic materials with high strength and chemical inertness are widely used as engineering materials. However, the brittle nature limits their applications as fracture occurs before the onset of plastic yielding. There has been limited success despite extensive efforts to enhance the deformability of ceramics. Here we report a method for enhancing the room temperature plastic deformability of ceramics
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Spatiotemporal architecture of immune cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Alexander M. Xu, Marcela Haro, Ann E. Walts, Ye Hu, Joshi John, Beth Y. Karlan, Akil Merchant, Sandra Orsulic
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), the deadliest form of ovarian cancer, is typically diagnosed after it has metastasized and often relapses after standard-of-care platinum-based chemotherapy, likely due to advanced tumor stage, heterogeneity, and immune evasion and tumor-promoting signaling from the tumor microenvironment. To understand how spatial heterogeneity contributes to HGSOC progression
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Generation of entanglement using a short-wavelength seeded free-electron laser Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Saikat Nandi, Axel Stenquist, Asimina Papoulia, Edvin Olofsson, Laura Badano, Mattias Bertolino, David Busto, Carlo Callegari, Stefanos Carlström, Miltcho B. Danailov, Philipp V. Demekhin, Michele Di Fraia, Per Eng-Johnsson, Raimund Feifel, Guillaume Gallician, Luca Giannessi, Mathieu Gisselbrecht, Michele Manfredda, Michael Meyer, Catalin Miron, Jasper Peschel, Oksana Plekan, Kevin C. Prince, Richard
Quantum entanglement between the degrees of freedom encountered in the classical world is challenging to observe due to the surrounding environment. To elucidate this issue, we investigate the entanglement generated over ultrafast timescales in a bipartite quantum system comprising two massive particles: a free-moving photoelectron, which expands to a mesoscopic length scale, and a light-dressed atomic
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Mitochondrial energy state controls AMPK-mediated foraging behavior in C. elegans Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Anežka Vodičková, Annika Müller-Eigner, Chidozie N. Okoye, Andrew P. Bischer, Jacob Horn, Shon A. Koren, Nada Ahmed Selim, Andrew P. Wojtovich
Organisms surveil and respond to their environment using behaviors entrained by metabolic cues that reflect food availability. Mitochondria act as metabolic hubs and at the center of mitochondrial energy production is the protonmotive force (PMF), an electrochemical gradient generated by metabolite consumption. The PMF serves as a central integrator of mitochondrial status, but its role in governing
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Last Glacial Maximum pattern effects reduce climate sensitivity estimates Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Vincent T. Cooper, Kyle C. Armour, Gregory J. Hakim, Jessica E. Tierney, Matthew B. Osman, Cristian Proistosescu, Yue Dong, Natalie J. Burls, Timothy Andrews, Daniel E. Amrhein, Jiang Zhu, Wenhao Dong, Yi Ming, Philip Chmielowiec
Here, we show that the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) provides a stronger constraint on equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS), the global warming from increasing greenhouse gases, after accounting for temperature patterns. Feedbacks governing ECS depend on spatial patterns of surface temperature (“pattern effects”); hence, using the LGM to constrain future warming requires quantifying how temperature patterns
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Dispersive nonreciprocity between a qubit and a cavity Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Ying-Ying Wang, Yu-Xin Wang, Sean van Geldern, Thomas Connolly, Aashish A. Clerk, Chen Wang
The dispersive interaction between a qubit and a cavity is ubiquitous in circuit and cavity quantum electrodynamics. It describes the frequency shift of one quantum mode in response to excitations in the other and, in closed systems, is necessarily bidirectional, i.e., reciprocal. Here, we present an experimental study of a nonreciprocal dispersive-type interaction between a transmon qubit and a superconducting
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Nonlocal metasurface for dark-field edge emission Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Jin Yao, Wei-Lun Hsu, Yao Liang, Rong Lin, Mu Ku Chen, Din Ping Tsai
Nonlocal effects originating from interactions between neighboring meta-atoms introduce additional degrees of freedom for peculiar characteristics of metadevices, such as enhancement, selectivity, and spatial modulation. However, they are generally difficult to manipulate because of the collective responses of multiple meta-atoms. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the nonlocal metasurface to realize
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Dual-responsive nanocarriers for efficient cytosolic protein delivery and CRISPR-Cas9 gene therapy of inflammatory skin disorders Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Echuan Tan, Tao Wan, Qi Pan, Jianan Duan, Song Zhang, Ruijue Wang, Peng Gao, Jia Lv, Hui Wang, Dali Li, Yuan Ping, Yiyun Cheng
Developing protein drugs that can target intracellular sites remains a challenge due to their inadequate membrane permeability. Efficient carriers for cytosolic protein delivery are required for protein-based drugs, cancer vaccines, and CRISPR-Cas9 gene therapies. Here, we report a screening process to identify highly efficient materials for cytosolic protein delivery from a library of dual-functionalized
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Optical control of 4 f orbital state in rare-earth metals Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Nele Thielemann-Kühn, Tim Amrhein, Wibke Bronsch, Somnath Jana, Niko Pontius, Robin Y. Engel, Piter S. Miedema, Dominik Legut, Karel Carva, Unai Atxitia, Benjamin E. van Kuiken, Martin Teichmann, Robert E. Carley, Laurent Mercadier, Alexander Yaroslavtsev, Giuseppe Mercurio, Loïc Le Guyader, Naman Agarwal, Rafael Gort, Andres Scherz, Siarhei Dziarzhytski, Günter Brenner, Federico Pressacco, Ru-Pan
A change of orbital state alters the coupling between ions and their surroundings drastically. Orbital excitations are hence key to understand and control interaction of ions. Rare-earth elements with strong magneto-crystalline anisotropy (MCA) are important ingredients for magnetic devices. Thus, control of their localized 4 f magnetic moments and anisotropy is one major challenge in ultrafast spin
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Formation of extraterrestrial peptides and their derivatives Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Serge A. Krasnokutski, Cornelia Jäger, Thomas Henning, Claude Geffroy, Quentin B. Remaury, Pauline Poinot
The formation of protein precursors, due to the condensation of atomic carbon under the low-temperature conditions of the molecular phases of the interstellar medium, opens alternative pathways for the origin of life. We perform peptide synthesis under conditions prevailing in space and provide a comprehensive analytic characterization of its products. The application of 13 C allowed us to confirm
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A unified theory of tunneling times promoted by Ramsey clocks Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Patrik Schach, Enno Giese
What time does a clock tell after quantum tunneling? Predictions and indirect measurements range from superluminal or instantaneous tunneling to finite durations, depending on the specific experiment and the precise definition of the elapsed time. Proposals and implementations use the atomic motion to define this delay, although the inherent quantum nature of atoms implies a delocalization and is in
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Band-driven switching of magnetism in a van der Waals magnetic semimetal Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Hideki Matsuoka, Shun Kajihara, Takuya Nomoto, Yue Wang, Motoaki Hirayama, Ryotaro Arita, Yoshihiro Iwasa, Masaki Nakano
Magnetic semimetals form an attractive class of materials because of the nontrivial contributions of itinerant electrons to magnetism. Because of their relatively low–carrier-density nature, a doping level of those materials could be largely tuned by a gating technique. Here, we demonstrate gate-tunable ferromagnetism in an emergent van der Waals magnetic semimetal Cr 3 Te 4 based on an ion-gating
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Neddylation orchestrates the complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional program that drives Schwann cell myelination Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Paula Ayuso-García, Alejandro Sánchez-Rueda, Sergio Velasco-Avilés, Miguel Tamayo-Caro, Aroa Ferrer-Pinós, Cecilia Huarte-Sebastian, Vanesa Alvarez, Cristina Riobello, Selene Jiménez-Vega, Izaskun Buendia, Jorge Cañas-Martin, Héctor Fernández-Susavila, Adrián Aparicio-Rey, Eva M. Esquinas-Román, Carlos Rodríguez Ponte, Romane Guhl, Nicolas Laville, Encarni Pérez-Andrés, José L. Lavín, Monika González-Lopez
Myelination is essential for neuronal function and health. In peripheral nerves, >100 causative mutations have been identified that cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a disorder that can affect myelin sheaths. Among these, a number of mutations are related to essential targets of the posttranslational modification neddylation, although how these lead to myelin defects is unclear. Here, we demonstrate
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Spatially resolved immune exhaustion within the alloreactive microenvironment predicts liver transplant rejection Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Arianna Barbetta, Brittany Rocque, Sarah Bangerth, Kelly Street, Carly Weaver, Shefali Chopra, Janet Kim, Linda Sher, Brice Gaudilliere, Omid Akbari, Rohit Kohli, Juliet Emamaullee
Allograft rejection is common following clinical organ transplantation, but defining specific immune subsets mediating alloimmunity has been elusive. Calcineurin inhibitor dose escalation, corticosteroids, and/or lymphocyte depleting antibodies have remained the primary options for treatment of clinical rejection episodes. Here, we developed a highly multiplexed imaging mass cytometry panel to study
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Deterministic storage and retrieval of telecom light from a quantum dot single-photon source interfaced with an atomic quantum memory Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Sarah E. Thomas, Lukas Wagner, Raphael Joos, Robert Sittig, Cornelius Nawrath, Paul Burdekin, Ilse Maillette de Buy Wenniger, Mikhael J. Rasiah, Tobias Huber-Loyola, Steven Sagona-Stophel, Sven Höfling, Michael Jetter, Peter Michler, Ian A. Walmsley, Simone L. Portalupi, Patrick M. Ledingham
A hybrid interface of solid-state single-photon sources and atomic quantum memories is a long sought-after goal in photonic quantum technologies. Here, we demonstrate deterministic storage and retrieval of light from a semiconductor quantum dot in an atomic ensemble quantum memory at telecommunications wavelengths. We store single photons from an indium arsenide quantum dot in a high-bandwidth rubidium
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Pseudo-spin switches and Aharonov-Bohm effect for topological boundary modes Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Yuma Kawaguchi, Daria Smirnova, Filipp Komissarenko, Svetlana Kiriushechkina, Anton Vakulenko, Mengyao Li, Andrea Alù, Alexander B. Khanikaev
Topological boundary modes in electronic and classical-wave systems exhibit fascinating properties. In photonics, topological nature of boundary modes can make them robust and endows them with an additional internal structure—pseudo-spins. Here, we introduce heterogeneous boundary modes, which are based on mixing two of the most widely used topological photonics platforms—the pseudo-spin–Hall-like
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The autism susceptibility kinase, TAOK2, phosphorylates eEF2 and modulates translation Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Melad Henis, Tabitha Rücker, Robin Scharrenberg, Melanie Richter, Lucas Baltussen, Shuai Hong, Durga Praveen Meka, Birgit Schwanke, Nagammal Neelagandan, Danie Daaboul, Nadeem Murtaza, Christoph Krisp, Sönke Harder, Hartmut Schlüter, Matthias Kneussel, Irm Hermans-Borgmeyer, Joris de Wit, Karun K. Singh, Kent E. Duncan, Froylan Calderón de Anda
Genes implicated in translation control have been associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, some important genetic causes of autism, including the 16p11.2 microdeletion, bear no obvious connection to translation. Here, we use proteomics, genetics, and translation assays in cultured cells and mouse brain to reveal altered translation mediated by loss of the kinase TAOK2 in 16p11.2 deletion
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Energy metabolism as therapeutic target for aged wound repair by engineered extracellular vesicle Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Yu Zhuang, Shengjie Jiang, Xiaoling Deng, An Lao, Xiaolin Hua, Yun Xie, Lingyong Jiang, Xudong Wang, Kaili Lin
Aging skin, vulnerable to age-related defects, is poor in wound repair. Metabolic regulation in accumulated senescent cells (SnCs) with aging is essential for tissue homeostasis, and adequate ATP is important in cell activation for aged tissue repair. Strategies for ATP metabolism intervention hold prospects for therapeutic advances. Here, we found energy metabolic changes in aging skin from patients
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Simultaneous analysis of pMHC binding and reactivity unveils virus-specific CD8 T cell immunity to a concise epitope set Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Nikolaj Pagh Kristensen, Edoardo Dionisio, Amalie Kai Bentzen, Tripti Tamhane, Janine Sophie Kemming, Grigorii Nos, Lasse Frank Voss, Ulla Kring Hansen, Georg Michael Lauer, Sine Reker Hadrup
CD8 T cells provide immunity to virus infection through recognition of epitopes presented by peptide major histocompatibility complexes (pMHCs). To establish a concise panel of widely recognized T cell epitopes from common viruses, we combined analysis of TCR down-regulation upon stimulation with epitope-specific enumeration based on barcode-labeled pMHC multimers. We assess CD8 T cell binding and
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Ancient mitogenomes from Pre-Pottery Neolithic Central Anatolia and the effects of a Late Neolithic bottleneck in sheep ( Ovis aries ) Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Edson Sandoval-Castellanos, Andrew J. Hare, Audrey T. Lin, Evangelos A. Dimopoulos, Kevin G. Daly, Sheila Geiger, Victoria E. Mullin, Ingrid Wiechmann, Valeria Mattiangeli, Gesine Lühken, Natalia A. Zinovieva, Petar Zidarov, Canan Çakırlar, Simon Stoddart, David Orton, Jelena Bulatović, Marjan Mashkour, Eberhard W. Sauer, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Barbara Horejs, Levent Atici, Vecihi Özkaya, Jacqui Mullville
Occupied between ~10,300 and 9300 years ago, the Pre-Pottery Neolithic site of Aşıklı Höyük in Central Anatolia went through early phases of sheep domestication. Analysis of 629 mitochondrial genomes from this and numerous sites in Anatolia, southwest Asia, Europe, and Africa produced a phylogenetic tree with excessive coalescences (nodes) around the Neolithic, a potential signature of a domestication
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Coupled conversion of polyethylene and carbon dioxide catalyzed by a zeolite–metal oxide system Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Yangyang Liu, Bing Ma, Jingqing Tian, Chen Zhao
Zeolite-catalyzed polyethylene (PE) aromatization achieves reduction of the aromatic yield via hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis reactions. The hydrogen required for CO 2 hydrogenation can be provided by H radicals formed during aromatization. In this study, we efficiently convert PE and CO 2 into aromatics and CO using a zeolite–metal oxide catalyst (HZSM-5 + CuZnZrO x ) at 380°C and under hydrogen-
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Drought- and heat-induced mortality of conifer trees is explained by leaf and growth legacies Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Frank J. Sterck, Yanjun Song, Lourens Poorter
An increased frequency and severity of droughts and heat waves have resulted in increased tree mortality and forest dieback across the world, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We used a common garden experiment with 20 conifer tree species to quantify mortality after three consecutive hot, dry summers and tested whether mortality could be explained by putative underlying mechanisms,
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The potassium transporter TaNHX2 interacts with TaGAD1 to promote drought tolerance via modulating stomatal aperture in wheat Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Jinpeng Li, Xingbei Liu, Shumin Chang, Wei Chu, Jingchen Lin, Hui Zhou, Zhuoran Hu, Mancang Zhang, Mingming Xin, Yingyin Yao, Weilong Guo, Xiaodong Xie, Huiru Peng, Zhongfu Ni, Qixin Sun, Yu Long, Zhaorong Hu
Drought is a major global challenge in agriculture that decreases crop production. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) interfaces with drought stress in plants; however, a mechanistic understanding of the interaction between GABA accumulation and drought response remains to be established. Here we showed the potassium/proton exchanger TaNHX2 functions as a positive regulator in drought resistance in wheat by
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Miniature battery-free epidural cortical stimulators Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Joshua E. Woods, Amanda L. Singer, Fatima Alrashdan, Wendy Tan, Chunfeng Tan, Sunil A. Sheth, Sameer A. Sheth, Jacob T. Robinson
Miniaturized neuromodulation systems could improve the safety and reduce the invasiveness of bioelectronic neuromodulation. However, as implantable bioelectronic devices are made smaller, it becomes difficult to store enough power for long-term operation in batteries. Here, we present a battery-free epidural cortical stimulator that is only 9 millimeters in width yet can safely receive enough wireless
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Merging total synthesis and NMR technology for deciphering the realistic structure of natural 2,6-dideoxyglycosides Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Zhaolun Zhang, Renjie Wu, Shen Cao, Jiaji Li, Guangen Huang, Haoyu Wang, Tao Yang, Wei Tang, Peng Xu, Biao Yu
The structural identification and efficient synthesis of bioactive 2,6-dideoxyglycosides are daunting challenges. Here, we report the total synthesis and structural revision of a series of 2,6-dideoxyglycosides from folk medicinal plants Ecdysanthera rosea and Chonemorpha megacalyx , which feature pregnane steroidal aglycones bearing an 18,20-lactone and glycans consisting of 2,6-dideoxy-3- O -methyl-β-pyranose
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Smaug regulates germ plasm assembly and primordial germ cell number in Drosophila embryos Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Najeeb U. Siddiqui, Angelo Karaiskakis, Aaron L. Goldman, Whitby V. I. Eagle, Timothy C. H. Low, Hua Luo, Craig A. Smibert, Elizabeth R. Gavis, Howard D. Lipshitz
During Drosophila oogenesis, the Oskar (OSK) RNA binding protein (RBP) determines the amount of germ plasm that assembles at the posterior pole of the oocyte. Here, we identify mechanisms that subsequently regulate germ plasm assembly in the early embryo. We show that the Smaug (SMG) RBP is transported into the germ plasm of the early embryo where it accumulates in the germ granules. SMG binds to and
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Cortico-cerebellar coordination facilitates neuroprosthetic control Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Aamir Abbasi, Rohit Rangwani, Daniel W. Bowen, Andrew W. Fealy, Nathan P. Danielsen, Tanuj Gulati
Temporally coordinated neural activity is central to nervous system function and purposeful behavior. Still, there is a paucity of evidence demonstrating how this coordinated activity within cortical and subcortical regions governs behavior. We investigated this between the primary motor (M1) and contralateral cerebellar cortex as rats learned a neuroprosthetic/brain-machine interface (BMI) task. In
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Mechanically stable polymer molecular sieve membranes with switchable functionality designed for high CO 2 separation performance Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Hongju Lee, Tae-Hyun Bae
The development of high-performance membranes selective for carbon dioxide is critically important for advancing energy-efficient carbon dioxide capture technologies. Although molecular sieves have long been attractive membrane materials, turning them into practical membrane applications has been challenging. Here, we introduce an innovative approach for crafting a polymeric molecular sieve membrane
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Conserved switch genes that arose via whole-genome duplication regulate a cannibalistic nematode morph Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Sara Wighard, Hanh Witte, Ralf J. Sommer
Developmental plasticity facilitates morphological and behavioral novelty. Nematodes have emerged as a powerful model to study developmental plasticity and its evolution. Here, we show that the predatory nematode Allodiplogaster sudhausi evolved an additional third mouth morph, concomitant with whole-genome duplication (WGD) and a strong increase in body size. The three mouth morphs are induced by
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A DNA circuit that records molecular events Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Mingzhi Zhang, Colin Yancey, Chao Zhang, Junyan Wang, Qian Ma, Linlin Yang, Rebecca Schulman, Da Han, Weihong Tan
Characterizing the relative onset time, strength, and duration of molecular signals is critical for understanding the operation of signal transduction and genetic regulatory networks. However, detecting multiple such molecules as they are produced and then quickly consumed is challenging. A MER can encode information about transient molecular events as stable DNA sequences and are amenable to downstream
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Evidence that the woman’s ovarian cycle is driven by an internal circamonthly timing system Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 René Ecochard, John B. Stanford, Richard J. Fehring, Marie Schneider, Sam Najmabadi, Claude Gronfier
The ovarian cycle has a well-established circa-monthly rhythm, but the mechanisms involved in its regularity are unknown. Is the rhythmicity driven by an endogenous clock-like timer or by other internal or external processes? Here, using two large epidemiological datasets (26,912 cycles from 2303 European women and 4786 cycles from 721 North American women), analyzed with time series and circular statistics
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Persistent urban heat Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Dan Li, Linying Wang, Weilin Liao, Ting Sun, Gabriel Katul, Elie Bou-Zeid, Björn Maronga
Urban surface and near-surface air temperatures are known to be often higher than their rural counterparts, a phenomenon now labeled as the urban heat island effect. However, whether the elevated urban temperatures are more persistent than rural temperatures at timescales commensurate to heat waves has not been addressed despite its importance for human health. Combining numerical simulations by a
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Developing nucleoside tailoring strategies against SARS-CoV-2 via ribonuclease targeting chimera Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Yuanqin Min, Wei Xiong, Wei Shen, Xingyu Liu, Qianqian Qi, Yuanyuan Zhang, Ruochen Fan, Fang Fu, Heng Xue, Hang Yang, Xiulian Sun, Yunjia Ning, Tian Tian, Xiang Zhou
In response to the urgent need for potent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) therapeutics, this study introduces an innovative nucleoside tailoring strategy leveraging ribonuclease targeting chimeras. By seamlessly integrating ribonuclease L recruiters into nucleosides, we address RNA recognition challenges and effectively inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
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Chemically tuned intermediate band states in atomically thin Cu x GeSe/SnS quantum material for photovoltaic applications Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Srihari M. Kastuar, Chinedu E. Ekuma
A new generation of quantum material derived from intercalating zerovalent atoms such as Cu into the intrinsic van der Waals gap at the interface of atomically thin two-dimensional GeSe/SnS heterostructure is designed, and their optoelectronic features are explored for next-generation photovoltaic applications. Advanced ab initio modeling reveals that many-body effects induce intermediate band (IB)
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A water transfer printing method for contact lenses surface 2D MXene modification to resist bacterial infection and inflammation Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Hanwen Guo, Xiaoying Chu, Yishun Guo, Jianhua Yang, Yingying Jin, Liyang Zhou, Yaou Peng, Qingying Wang, Fan Lu, Bailiang Wang
Contact lenses (CLs) are prone to adhesion and invasion by pollutants and pathogenic bacteria, leading to infection and inflammatory diseases. However, the functionalization of CL (biological functions such as anti-fouling, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory) and maintaining its transparency still face great challenges. In this work, as a member of the MXenes family, vanadium carbide (V 2 C) is modified
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A ritual murder shaped the Early and Middle Neolithic across Central and Southern Europe Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Bertrand Ludes, Ameline Alcouffe, Irina Tupikova, Patrice Gérard, Yaramila Tchérémissinoff, Alexandre Ribéron, Jean Guilaine, Alain Beeching, Eric Crubézy
In the Rhône Valley’s Middle Neolithic gathering site of Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux (France), the positioning of two females within a structure aligned with the solstices is atypical. Their placement (back and prone) under the overhang of a silo in front of a third in a central position suggests a ritualized form of homicidal ligature strangulation. The first occurrence dates back to the Mesolithic
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The scales, mechanisms, and dynamics of the genome architecture Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Ludvig Lizana, Yuri B. Schwartz
Even when split into several chromosomes, DNA molecules that make up our genome are too long to fit into the cell nuclei unless massively folded. Such folding must accommodate the need for timely access to selected parts of the genome by transcription factors, RNA polymerases, and DNA replication machinery. Here, we review our current understanding of the genome folding inside the interphase nuclei
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All-solution-processed ultraflexible wearable sensor enabled with universal trilayer structure for organic optoelectronic devices Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Lulu Sun, Jiachen Wang, Hiroyuki Matsui, Shinyoung Lee, Wenqing Wang, Shuyang Guo, Hongting Chen, Kun Fang, Yoshihiro Ito, Daishi Inoue, Daisuke Hashizume, Kazuma Mori, Masahito Takakuwa, Sunghoon Lee, Yinhua Zhou, Tomoyuki Yokota, Kenjiro Fukuda, Takao Someya
All-solution-processed organic optoelectronic devices can enable the large-scale manufacture of ultrathin wearable electronics with integrated diverse functions. However, the complex multilayer-stacking device structure of organic optoelectronics poses challenges for scalable production. Here, we establish all-solution processes to fabricate a wearable, self-powered photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor
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Mixed diets can meet nutrient requirements with lower carbon footprints Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Yin Long, Liqiao Huang, Jie Su, Yoshikuni Yoshida, Kuishuang Feng, Alexandros Gasparatos
Achieving sustainable dietary change is essential for safeguarding human and environmental health. However, dietary recommendations based on broad food groups may not accurately reflect real-world realities because individuals select and consume dishes with multiple food items influenced by diverse context-specific factors. Therefore, here we explored the sustainability trade-offs of dietary choices
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[ 64 Cu]Cu-PEG-FUD peptide for noninvasive and sensitive detection of murine pulmonary fibrosis Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Hye Jin Lee, Ksenija Bernau, Thomas J. Harr, Zachary T. Rosenkrans, Grace A. Kessler, Kristen Stott, Angie Tebon Oler, Babita Rahar, Terry Zhu, Yadira Medina-Guevara, Nikesh Gupta, Inyoung Cho, Metti K. Gari, Brian M. Burkel, Justin J. Jeffery, Ashley M. Weichmann, Bianca R. Tomasini-Johansson, Suzanne M. Ponik, Jonathan W. Engle, Reinier Hernandez, Glen S. Kwon, Nathan Sandbo
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease resulting in irreversible scarring within the lungs. However, the lack of biomarkers that enable real-time assessment of disease activity remains a challenge in providing efficient clinical decision-making and optimal patient care in IPF. Fibronectin (FN) is highly expressed in fibroblastic foci of the IPF lung where active extracellular
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Structure and replication cycle of a virus infecting climate-modulating alga Emiliania huxleyi Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Miroslav Homola, Carina R. Büttner, Tibor Füzik, Pavel Křepelka, Radka Holbová, Jiří Nováček, Marten L. Chaillet, Jakub Žák, Danyil Grybchuk, Friedrich Förster, William H. Wilson, Declan C. Schroeder, Pavel Plevka
The globally distributed marine alga Emiliania huxleyi has cooling effect on the Earth’s climate. The population density of E. huxleyi is restricted by Nucleocytoviricota viruses, including E. huxleyi virus 201 (EhV-201). Despite the impact of E. huxleyi viruses on the climate, there is limited information about their structure and replication. Here, we show that the dsDNA genome inside the EhV-201
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Structure and function of GluN1-3A NMDA receptor excitatory glycine receptor channel Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Kevin Michalski, Hiro Furukawa
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and other ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) mediate most of the excitatory signaling in the mammalian brains in response to the neurotransmitter glutamate. Uniquely, NMDARs composed of GluN1 and GluN3 are activated exclusively by glycine, the neurotransmitter conventionally mediating inhibitory signaling when it binds to pentameric glycine receptors. The
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Evolution of groundwater system in the Pearl River Delta and its adjacent shelf since the late Pleistocene Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Chong Sheng, Jiu Jimmy Jiao, Jinpeng Zhang, Yantao Yao, Xin Luo, Shengchao Yu, Yugen Ni, Shidong Wang, Rong Mao, Tao Yang, Linsen Zhan
Our extensive field studies demonstrate that saline groundwater inland and freshened groundwater offshore coexist in the same aquifer system in the Pearl River delta and its adjacent shelf. This counterintuitive phenomenon challenges the commonly held assumption that onshore groundwater is typically fresh, while offshore groundwater is saline. To address this knowledge gap, we conduct a series of sophisticated
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A tonically active master neuron modulates mutually exclusive motor states at two timescales Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Jun Meng, Tosif Ahamed, Bin Yu, Wesley Hung, Sonia EI Mouridi, Zezhen Wang, Yongning Zhang, Quan Wen, Thomas Boulin, Shangbang Gao, Mei Zhen
Continuity of behaviors requires animals to make smooth transitions between mutually exclusive behavioral states. Neural principles that govern these transitions are not well understood. Caenorhabditis elegans spontaneously switch between two opposite motor states, forward and backward movement, a phenomenon thought to reflect the reciprocal inhibition between interneurons AVB and AVA. Here, we report
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Molecular phenotyping of small cell lung cancer using targeted cfDNA profiling of transcriptional regulatory regions Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Joseph B. Hiatt, Anna-Lisa Doebley, Henry U. Arnold, Mohamed Adil, Holly Sandborg, Thomas W. Persse, Minjeong Ko, Feinan Wu, Alvaro Quintanal Villalonga, Rafael Santana-Davila, Keith Eaton, Caroline Dive, Charles M. Rudin, Anish Thomas, A. McGarry Houghton, Gavin Ha, David MacPherson
We report an approach for cancer phenotyping based on targeted sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In SCLC, differential activation of transcription factors (TFs), such as ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3, and REST defines molecular subtypes. We designed a targeted capture panel that identifies chromatin organization signatures at 1535 TF binding sites and 13,240 gene transcription
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Cellular Trojan Horse initiates bimetallic Fe-Cu MOF-mediated synergistic cuproptosis and ferroptosis against malignancies Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Kerong Chen, Anwei Zhou, Xinyuan Zhou, Jielei He, Yurui Xu, Xinghai Ning
Disruptions in metal balance can trigger a synergistic interplay of cuproptosis and ferroptosis, offering promising solutions to enduring challenges in oncology. Here, we have engineered a Cellular Trojan Horse, named MetaCell, which uses live neutrophils to stably internalize thermosensitive liposomal bimetallic Fe-Cu MOFs (Lip@Fe-Cu-MOFs). MetaCell can instigate cuproptosis and ferroptosis, thereby
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Structures and dynamics of Rpd3S complex bound to nucleosome Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Chengcheng Wang, Chen Chu, Zhouyan Guo, Xiechao Zhan
The Rpd3S complex plays a pivotal role in facilitating local histone deacetylation in the transcribed regions to suppress intragenic transcription initiation. Here, we present the cryo–electron microscopy structures of the budding yeast Rpd3S complex in both its apo and three nucleosome-bound states at atomic resolutions, revealing the exquisite architecture of Rpd3S to well accommodate a mononucleosome