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The Value of Warning Signs From the WHO 2009 Dengue Classification in Detecting Severe Dengue in Children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Mulya Rahma Karyanti, Cuno S P M Uiterwaal, Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro, Indah Suci Widyahening, Siti Rizny F Saldi, J A P Hans Heesterbeek, Arno W Hoes, Patricia Bruijning-Verhagen
World Health Organization proposed 7 warning signs to identify the risk of severe dengue in 2009. This study aimed to evaluate the value of these warning signs in detecting severe dengue in children.
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Changing Landscape of Antimicrobial Resistance in Neonatal Sepsis: An in silico Analyses of Multidrug Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Santhiya Vijayakumar, Hithesh Kumar, Soumya Basu, Sara Chandy, Anand Anbarasu, Anand Manoharan, Sudha Ramaiah
Neonatal sepsis poses a critical healthcare concern, as multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) infections are on the rise. Understanding the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and underlying resistance mechanism is crucial for effective treatment.
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Clinical Course and Outcomes of Infants with Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus Gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 Sandra Lynn Jaya-Bodestyne, Yee Yin Tan, Rehena Sultan, Kee Thai Yeo, Juin Yee Kong
Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus (SGP), a subtype of Streptococcus bovis, is an uncommon but important cause of neonatal sepsis. Although uncommon, SGP infections during infancy have been associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality.
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Epidemiology of Adenovirus Infection in Hospitalized Children in the United States From 1997 to 2019. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 Balagangadhar R Totapally, Seevitha Totapalli, Prithvi Sendi, Paul A Martinez
The study aimed to explore the prevalence, clinical features, resource utilization, temporal trends and outcomes associated with adenoviral infections in hospitalized children.
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A PEDIATRIC CASE OF PANNICULITIS INDUCED BY Pseudomonas aeruginosa WITH CLINICAL FEATURES SIMILAR TO ECTHYMA GANGRENOSUM. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Urara Saito, Shogo Minamikawa, Shogo Otake, Yusuke Ishida, Mao Mizuta, Toshiaki Ishida, Shuhei Karakawa, Masashi Kasai, Yasuo Nakagishi
The clinical features of panniculitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in contrast to those caused by ecthyma gangrenosum, remain unknown. Here, we report a pediatric case of P. aeruginosa panniculitis. The patient had systemic involvement without bacteremia and also had a background of autoimmune neutropenia. These features are common in ecthyma gangrenosum but have not been reported in P. aeruginosa-induced
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THE ROLE OF SCHOOLS IN MENINGOCOCCAL CARRIAGE AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Hassen Mohammed, Christian Peut, Mark McMillan, Bing Wang, Thomas R Sullivan, Helen S Marshall
Neisseria meningitidis carriage peaks in adolescents. This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (NCT03089086) assessing 4CMenB herd protection in South Australia ("B-Part-of-It" study) explored school attributes linked to baseline carriage in 34,489 adolescents prevaccination. Carriage was higher in students attending single-sex [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.49; 95% confidence interval
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Hepatitis C Exposure Diagnosis and Testing in Infants Born to Hepatitis C Virus-infected Mothers. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Natalie Morris, Krystal Hunter, Vishwanath Bhat, Alla Kushnir
There has been a 5-fold increase in the number of cases of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among pregnant women, which is potentially associated with the increase in opioid use.
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Catheter-related Infections in Pediatric Patients Due to a Rare Pathogen: Herbaspirillum huttiense. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Seval Özen, Saliha Kanik Yüksek, Bedia Dinç, Fatih Üçkardeş, Hatice Kübra Konca, Tuğba Erat, Ahmet Yasin Güney, Ömer Güneş, Zehra Nihan Coşkun, Belgin Gülhan, Gülsüm İclal Bayhan, Nilay Çöplü, Asli Nur Özkaya Parlakay, Namik Yaşar Özbek
Herbaspirillum species are nonfermenting, aerobic, helical or curved, Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the class Betaproteobacteria, order Burkholderiales. To date, only a few studies have reported on the epidemiology, clinical symptoms, antibiotic susceptibility profiles, treatment and outcomes of Herbaspirillum huttiense-related infections in pediatric patients.
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Diagnostic Accuracy of Blind Bronchial Sample Testing by BioFire Pneumonia plus Panel in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Patients and Its Impact in Early Adaptation of Antimicrobial Therapy: A Prospective Observational Study. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Guillaume Geslain, Aurélie Cointe, Jérôme Naudin, Stéphane Dauger, Nora Poey, Justine Pages, Enora Le Roux, Stéphane Bonacorsi
Community-acquired and nosocomial lower-respiratory-tract infections in critically ill pediatric patients require early appropriate antibiotic therapy to optimize outcomes. Using blind bronchial samples, we assessed the diagnostic performance of the rapid-multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay BioFire Pneumonia plus Panel vs. reference standard culturing with antimicrobial susceptibility testing
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Increasing Incidence of Streptococcus anginosus Group Intracranial Infections Associated With Sinusitis, Otitis Media, and Mastoiditis in Children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Elisabeth A Hoyer, Marritta Joseph, James Dunn, Howard L Weiner, Amy Dimachkieh, Anthony R Flores, Misu A Sanson, Hossaena Ayele, Blake M Hanson, Sheldon L Kaplan, Jesus G Vallejo, J Chase McNeil
The Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) pathogens have the potential to cause head and neck space infections, including intracranial abscesses. Several centers noted an increase in intracranial abscesses in children during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, prompting a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention health alert in May 2022. We examined the epidemiology of pediatric intracranial abscesses at a tertiary
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High Prevalence of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Among Staphylococcus aureus Causing Acute Hematogenous Bone and Joint Infections From a Tertiary Children's Hospital in Vietnam. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Ha Nguyen Thi, Xoay Tran Dang, Ngọc Hoang Thi Bich, Hieu Vu Ngoc, Tuan Ta Anh, Nhung Pham Hong
We aimed to investigate the clinical features, antimicrobial susceptibility and pvl gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus causing acute hematogenous bone and joint infections (BJIs) in children in Vietnam.
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Hospital Outcomes Among Children With Congenital Heart Disease and Adenovirus Pneumonia. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Richard Crawford, Chary Akmyradov, Rashmitha Dachepally, Parthak Prodhan
The aim of the study is to evaluate the mortality risk factors and hospitalization outcomes of adenovirus pneumonia in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease.
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Skin and Soft Tissue Actinomycosis in Children and Adolescents. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Salih Demirhan, Erika Orner, Wendy Szymczak, Philip J Lee, Margaret Aldrich
Pediatric actinomycosis studies are limited to case reports or small case series. In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to describe characteristics of skin and soft tissue actinomycosis in adolescents and children.
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Use of Cefiderocol in the Management of Children With Infection or Colonization With Multi-drug Resistant Gram-negative Bacteria: A Retrospective, Single-center Case Series. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Hanna Schmid, Li-An K Brown, Bairavi Indrakumar, Orlagh McGarrity, James Hatcher, Alasdair Bamford
Cefiderocol, a novel siderophore cephalosporin, represents a treatment option for infections with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, of which rates are rising worldwide. Clinical data on its use in children is limited. In our pediatric case series, the largest reported to date, cefiderocol seems safe and well tolerated, with more favorable clinical outcomes when compared to the literature
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Mediastinal Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection in Children: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-29 Jonathan Wiener, Dylan Wanaguru, Bruce Currie, Peter Grant, Carolyn Russell, Pamela Palasanthiran, Phoebe Williams, Yvonne Belessis, Marlene Soma
Mediastinal infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria remain an exceedingly rare entity. Most cases in the published literature do not include pediatric patients. Due to their clinical infrequency, poor response to antimicrobial therapy and often precarious anatomical location, the optimal management of these lesions can be challenging.
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Emerging Clinical Features of Acute Mastoiditis in Israel: A Registry Based Cohort. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Orit Samuel, Walid Saliba, Nili Stein, Yotam Shiner, Raanan Cohen-Kerem
Acute mastoiditis (AM) is a severe infection in the young population, with possible life-threatening complications. This study aimed to characterize AM presentation, symptoms and signs, complications, and management, over a period of 10 years.
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Clinical Characteristics of 118 Pediatric Patients With Acute Benign Myositis Associated With Influenza A Virus Infection. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Shaoqun Jiang, Jieling Li, Jie Cao, Yuexu Ou, Yuanhui Duan, Xiaoming Gan
The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical and laboratory features of acute benign myositis associated with influenza A virus infection in children.
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Enterococcal Central Nervous System Infections in Children: A 22 Years' Experience in a Tertiary Center and Review of the Literature. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Aviad Schnapp, Sergei Elber-Dorozko, Violeta Temper, Oren Gordon, Dina Averbuch
Enterococcal meningitis in children is rare, and its clinical presentation, laboratory characteristics and outcomes are not well defined.
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Cardiometabolic Risk Profiles of Adolescents Living With Perinatally Acquired HIV in South Africa. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Leonore Greybe, Shaun Barnabas, Mark Cotton, Penelope Rose, Helena Rabie, Lisa Frigati
We assessed the Pathological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) score and other potential cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents previously enrolled in the Children with HIV Early antiRetroviral (CHER) and International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Network P1060 clinical trials.
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A Phase Three Study of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Four-dose Series of 20-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Healthy Infants. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Shelly Senders, Nicola P Klein, Noor Tamimi, Allison Thompson, Gary Baugher, James Trammel, Yahong Peng, Peter Giardina, Ingrid L Scully, Michael Pride, Kimberly J Center, William C Gruber, Daniel A Scott, Wendy Watson
The 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) was developed to extend pneumococcal disease protection beyond 13-valent PCV (PCV13).
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Association of Previous Antibiotics Use and Kawasaki Disease: A Cohort Study of 106,908 Patients. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Tae-Hwan Kim, Ji Seong Shin, Sin Young Kim, Jihye Kim
Microbial imbalance in the gut from antibiotic use may be an etiologic factor of Kawasaki disease (KD). We aimed to identify the association between the use of antibiotics and the development of KD, considering various antibiotic profiles.
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The Increase in Household Transmission of Pertussis Associated With Diagnostic Delays. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Alan T Arakkal, Joseph E Cavanaugh, Philip M Polgreen, Aaron C Miller
Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory illness that can be especially dangerous to young children. Transmission of pertussis often occurs in household settings and is impacted by the timing of treatment and postexposure chemoprophylaxis. This study analyzes the risk for secondary household transmission and if delays in diagnosing pertussis increased the risk for household transmission.
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PREVALENCE OF ATOPIC DISORDERS AMONG PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY AND DISSEMINATED COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Sarah Zhang, Brenna LaBere, James V Woodward, Wassim Ballan, Katherine W Perry, Keith Sacco
Type 2 inflammatory responses are associated with worse prognosis in coccidioidomycosis. It is unclear whether patients with preexisting type 2 inflammation and atopic disorders are predisposed to disseminated coccidioidomycosis. A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis revealed no significant difference in the history of atopic disorders or eosinophilia as
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Is SARS-CoV-2 Now More Like the Seasonal Coronaviruses Following Its Evolution? Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Gülsüm İclal Bayhan, Işil Altan, Halise Mercan, Aslinur Özkaya Parlakay, Zehra Nihan Coşkun, Bedia Dinç, Belgin Gülhan, Saliha Kanik-Yüksek
SARS-CoV-2 has evolved significantly since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 mortality has decreased due to increased population immunity and possibly the reduced intrinsic severity of the new variants. SARS-CoV-2 is now considered an endemic virus, but the extent to which its clinical findings resemble those of seasonal coronaviruses (sCoV) is not fully understood.
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Clinical and Laboratory Biomarkers as Predictors of Severity in Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome-temporally Associated With SARS-CoV-2: Data From a Prospective Nationwide Surveillance Study in Switzerland. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Juliane Wurm, Anita Uka, Michael Buettcher, Lisa Kottanattu, Nina Schöbi, Johannes Trück, Reto Villiger, Nicole Ritz, Petra Zimmermann
PIMS-TS (pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome-temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2) is a rare but serious condition in children following SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by a range of clinical symptoms with varying severity. Understanding risk factors for severe PIMS-TS is crucial for appropriate and timely intervention.
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Phase 3 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Three-dose Series of Twenty-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Healthy Infants and Toddlers. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Piotr Korbal, Jacek Wysocki, Teresa Jackowska, Mary Kline, Noor Tamimi, Jelena Drozd, Lanyu Lei, Yahong Peng, Peter C Giardina, William Gruber, Daniel Scott, Wendy Watson
Global pediatric immunization programs with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have reduced vaccine-type pneumococcal disease, but a substantial disease burden of non-PCV serotypes remains.
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Acute Flaccid Myelitis With Human Rhinovirus A19 Detection: Case Report and Literature Review. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Yurie Murayama, Yuta Aizawa, Tatsuki Ikuse, Ryohei Izumita, Shunsuke Nukaga, Masahiro Kaneko, Takeshi Yamada, Takeshi Ono, Ko Matsui, Masashi Suda, Akihiko Saitoh
Human rhinovirus (HRV) has been sporadically detected in patients with acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). We report a case of AFM in a 2-year-old boy with severe neurologic sequelae, whose nasopharyngeal and stool samples tested positive for HRV-A19. Clinical information related to AFM with HRV is limited. Further study of the association of AFM with HRV is warranted.
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PEDIATRIC COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED BRAIN ABSCESSES: A Single-center Retrospective Study. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Kevin Hai-Ning Lu, Nora Bruns, Christina Pentek, Adela Della Marina, Andrea Gangfuß, Heike Kölbel, Burcin Dogan, Jan Dziobaka, Yahya Ahmadipour, Philipp Damman, Ursula Felderhoff-Müser, Christian Dohna-Schwake, Sarah Christina Goretzki
The European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases recommends 3rd generation cephalosporins and metronidazole for empirical treatment of community-acquired brain abscesses. In 53 retrospectively analyzed pediatric patients with community-acquired brain abscesses at a German University Hospital Staphylococcus aureus was identified as a relevant pathogen (21%). Therefore, it may be
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Ceftaroline for Central Nervous System Infections: Case Report of a Young Infant, and Scoping Review. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Haley Urbach, Nicole Sileo, Sergio Lerma, Kevin Nguyen, Giordano Sosa Soto, Marisa Nielsen, Amy Heiderich, James Holsapple, Sharon Vuppula, Jeffrey I Campbell
Managing health care acquired and device-associated intracranial infections in young children can be challenging given adverse antibiotic side effects and difficulties in achieving adequate central nervous system (CNS) antibiotic concentrations. Ceftaroline is a cephalosporin with a favorable safety profile and activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococci and several Gram-negative organisms
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Comparison of Bordetella pertussis Antibody Levels in Pregnant Women and Umbilical Cord Blood: A Multicenter Study. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Merve Iseri Nepesov, Halime Kilic, Sukran Yildirim, Sevgi Gulec, Yalcin Kara, Mahmut Can Kizil, Adem Karbuz, Demet Terek, Murat Sutcu, Ergun Tufan, Meltem Dinleyici, Zafer Kurugol, Omer Kilic, Ener Cagri Dinleyici
In countries where pertussis vaccination is not administered during pregnancy, the determination of pertussis antibody levels in pregnant women is very important in terms of knowing the current seroepidemiology and potential strategies for immunizations.
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Joint Fluid Cell Count in Acute Bacterial Arthritis Patients Proven Positive Culture in Children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Yuto Otsubo, Meiwa Shibata, Hiroshi Hataya, Norikazu Ota, Yuho Horikoshi
Acute bacterial arthritis (ABA) is a serious, pediatric infection that can result in motor comorbidities. Normally, a joint fluid white blood cell (WBC) count of 50,000 or more cells/mm3 is used to make a presumptive diagnosis of ABA. This study evaluated the utility of the joint fluid WBC count for diagnosing pediatric ABA confirmed by a positive culture result.
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Specific IgA, But Not IgG, in Human Milk From COVID-19-infected Mothers Neutralizes SARS-CoV-2. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Patricia Macchiaverni, Megan Lloyd, Laura Masters, Nivedithaa Divakara, Kritu Panta, Allison Imrie, Laura Sánchez-García, Adelina Pellicer, Juan M Rodriguez, Valerie Verhasselt
This study highlights the importance of human milk in providing anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunity to newborns. The highest protective activity of human milk against COVID-19 was found in colostrum from infected mothers. Neutralizing activity was associated with high levels of specific IgA. Depletion of IgA, but not IgG, from milk samples completely abolished the ability
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A GIRL WITH ADENOVIRUS TYPE 2 INDUCED INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONITIS ACUTELY EXACERBATED WITH PRIMARY HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 7 INFECTION. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Yoshiki Kawamura, Kei Kozawa, Goro Koinuma, Tetsuo Onda, Kazutoshi Cho, Yuki Higashimoto, Hiroki Miura, Tetsushi Yoshikawa
We encountered a previously healthy 3-year-old girl with interstitial pneumonitis that initially developed due to human adenovirus type 2 infection and exacerbated by primary human herpesvirus 7 infection. A comprehensive serum biomarker analysis showed patterns that differed by viral infection, suggesting that respiratory and lymphotropic viral infections might have different pathophysiology in interstitial
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An Investigation of Pediatric Case-patients With Invasive Haemophilus influenzae in Alaska, 2005-2011. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Leisha Diane Nolen, Lisa Bulkow, Rosalyn Singleton, Debbie Hurlburt, Carolyn Debyle, Karen Rudolph, Laura L Hammitt, Thomas W Hennessy, Michael G Bruce
Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) can cause severe disease in children. This study aimed to identify risk factors related to invasive Hi disease in Alaska children and evaluate carriage in people around them.
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis Before and After COVID-19 Pandemic: Has the Immunity Debt Been Paid Off? Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Raffaella Nenna, Alessandra Pierangeli, Luigi Matera, Laura Petrarca, Maria Giulia Conti, Enrica Mancino, Greta di Mattia, Domenico Paolo La Regina, Fabrizio Virgili, Paola Papoff, Enea Bonci, Fabio Midulla
Our aim was to hypothesize that the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the characteristics of viral bronchiolitis by comparing the last 3 epidemics with 3 pre-COVID-19 epidemics in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis.
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LOCALIZED MYOSITIS AND TRANSIENT ENCEPHALOPATHY AS PRESENTING SYMPTOMS IN MURINE TYPHUS. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Malvi Mehta, Rachel Marek, Ciji Arthur, Jeffrey Starke, Ankhi Dutta
Murine typhus in the pediatric population has increased substantially in recent years. The most common clinical presentation of murine typhus includes fever, rash, headaches and myalgias. Murine typhus presenting with predominant myositis and/or encephalopathy is rare. It is important to recognize unusual clinical manifestations of murine typhus in children for early diagnosis and treatment.
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HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME IN AN ADOLESCENT FROM NORTH DAKOTA. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Ashton D Hall, Danielle Fayad, Mary A Staat
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome remains an uncommon yet emerging viral zoonosis that causes respiratory failure and hemodynamic instability in children and adolescents. Due to its acutely progressive course and high mortality rate, clinicians treating hantavirus pulmonary syndrome should understand its epidemiologic risk factors, clinical syndrome and radiographic findings. We present a case of hantavirus
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Immunophenotypes of Newborns From SARS-CoV-2-infected Mothers. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Marta Stracuzzi, Laura Paradiso, Simona Panelli, Antonella Amendola, Elisabetta Tanzi, Clara Fappani, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, Vania Giacomet
Little is known about the neonatal immunological response to a maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection present during childbirth. Here we analyze a cohort of 75 neonates from SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers.
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Self-transfers, Hospital Admissions and Mortality Among Children and Adolescents Lost to Follow-up From Antiretroviral Therapy Programs in the Western Cape, South Africa Between 2004 and 2019: Linkage to Provincial Records. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Patience Nyakato, Andrew Boulle, Robin Wood, Brian Eley, Helena Rabie, Matthias Egger, Constantin T Yiannoutsos, Mary-Ann Davies, Morna Cornell
Pediatric programs face a high rate of loss to follow-up (LTFU) among children and adolescents living with HIV (CAHIV). We assessed true outcomes and predictors of these among CAHIV who were LTFU using linkage to the Western Cape Provincial Health Data Centre at Western Cape sites of the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS-Southern Africa collaboration.
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Use of the "Sepsis Risk Calculator" in Belgian Newborns: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Bianca I Langer, Anne-Britt Johansson, Karin Mathé, Sarah Jourdain, Pierre R Smeesters
Prevention of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is a frequent reason why many newborns receive unnecessary antibiotics. The Sepsis Risk Calculator (SRC) was developed by the Kaiser Permanente Institute as a multivariate risk assessment of EONS, aiming to reduce laboratory testing and empiric neonatal antibiotic therapy. Our objective was to assess the potential of the SRC in reducing antibiotic use
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Pulmonary Complications of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Neonates and Infants: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Pooled Analysis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Leong Tung Ong, Si Wei David Fan
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes intrauterine infections in 0.67% of neonates, with 12.7% displaying symptoms at birth. CMV can lead to severe multiorgan involvement, and mortality in symptomatic cases is around 30%. Pulmonary complications are rare in infants with CMV. This review assesses pulmonary complications and outcomes in infants with CMV infection.
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Vaccine Associated Measles Complicated by Suspected Measles Inclusion Body Encephalitis in a Pediatric Leukemia Patient and Stem Cell Transplant Recipient: A Focus on Clinical Evolution and Management. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Lauren E Kushner, Jennifer Kamens, Alice Bertaina, David Shyr, Hayley A Gans
Immunocompromised individuals are at increased risk for severe disease and complications from viral infections, highlighting the importance of vaccination. However, in extremely rare situations, vaccine associated viral infections can be associated with disseminated disease and complications in immunocompromised hosts.
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Risk Factors and Clinical Prognosis Associated With RSV-ALRI Intensive Care Unit Admission in Children <2 Years of Age: A Multicenter Study. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Su Ann Lim, Mei Chan, Nan Hu, Brendan McMullan, Philip N Britton, Adam Bartlett, Rama Kandasamy, Gemma L Saravanos, Bernadette Prentice, Adam Jaffe, Louisa Owens, Nusrat Homaira
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) in children aged <2 years. Currently, there are limited data on risk factors for very severe RSV-ALRI requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission.
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Disseminated Mycobacterial Infection With Reactive Polyarthritis (Poncet's Disease) During Immune-suppressive Treatment Including Ustekinumab for Pediatric Crohn's Disease. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Chiara Minotti, Paola Costenaro, Daniele Donà, Monica Zuliani, Luca Bosa, Alberta Leon, Giorgio Perilongo, Paola Gaio, Giorgia Martini, Mara Cananzi
The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease is increasing. tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors medicines improved the prognosis of affected subjects. Nonetheless, a proportion of patients do not respond or lose response to treatment. Newer biologics, like ustekinumab, have been approved for adults. The pediatric off-label use of these drugs is increasing, despite limited safety evidence
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SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Kinetics in Unvaccinated Hospitalized Children With COVID-19. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Dimitra Dimopoulou, Marietta Charakida, Antonios Marmarinos, Dareilena Karaviti, Margaritis Avgeris, Dimitrios Gourgiotis, Maria N Tsolia
Antibody levels decline a few months post-acute COVID-19, but humoral memory persists in adults. Age and disease severity may affect antibody responses. This study aims to evaluate the presence and durability of antibody responses in children with COVID-19.
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Clinical and Economic Burden of Antibiotic Use Among Pediatric Patients With Varicella Infection in the Outpatient Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Real-world Data in France. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Stephanie A Kujawski, Caroline S Casey, Hervé Haas, Amisha Patel, Christina Diomatari, Tim Holbrook, Manjiri Pawaskar
Varicella infects 90% of children before age 9. Though varicella is self-limiting, its complications may require antibiotics, though how antibiotics are utilized for varicella in France is not well known. This study assessed antibiotic use and costs associated with varicella and its complications in pediatric patients managed in the outpatient setting in France.
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Improving Management: Novel Guidelines for Diagnosing Urinary Tract Infection in Infants. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Lana Khoury, Zeev Schnapp, Muriel Konopnicki
The diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) in the pediatric field remains a topic of debate. In 2011, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) introduced new guidelines for the diagnosis of UTI in patients aged 2-24 months. However, concerns were raised regarding these guidelines.
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Pulmonary Thrombotic Complication of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Chinese Children: Clinical Feature and Risk Factor Analysis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Yanjuan Yu, Xiuhong Jin, Xiangfeng Zhang, Yuelin Shen
Thrombotic disease is a rare but severe complication of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children, with pulmonary thrombosis (PT) being the most frequent type. This study aims to describe the clinical features of pediatric severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) patients with PT, and to identify risk factors predictive of PT development in this population.
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Population-based Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations and In-hospital Mortality Rates Among Mexican Children Less Than Five Years of Age. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Gabriel Mata-Moreno, Sofía Bernal-Silva, Christian A García-Sepúlveda, Ana María González-Ortíz, Uciel R Ochoa-Pérez, Aldo Uzziel Medina-Serpa, Luis Fernando Pérez-González, Daniel E Noyola
Population-based information regarding the impact of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza on hospital admissions and mortality is scant for many countries.
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Complicated Falciparum Malarial ARDS Requiring Noninvasive Support. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Marco Piastra, Enzo Picconi, Orazio Genovese, Vittoria Ferrari, Tony Christian Morena, Piero Valentini, Gennaro De Pascale, Massimo Antonelli, Giorgio Conti
Severe plasmodium falciparum infection can induce respiratory distress and clinical ARDS in children, requiring intensive care admission and respiratory support. We present 3 cases of imported malarial acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring noninvasive ventilation in the pediatric intensive care unit, in the absence of any cerebral involvement. Radiological features and their relationship with
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Late Neonatal Sepsis in Very-low-weight Premature Newborns Is Associated With Alterations in Neurodevelopment at Twenty-five Months of Age. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Jose Uberos, Ana Nieto-Ruiz, Francisco Contreras Chova, Marta Carrasco-Solis, Aida Ruiz-López, Elisabeth Fernandez-Marín, Carolina Laynez-Rubio, Ana Campos-Martinez
To evaluate the impact of late-onset sepsis (LOS) on the neurodevelopment of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) premature infants.
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Evaluation of Continuous Infusion Vancomycin in a Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Population. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Madeleine A King, Shane J Cross, Theodore H Morton, Diego R Hijano, William L Greene, Yilun Sun, Li Tang, Jennifer L Pauley, Melissa S Bourque, Anthony M Christensen
Continuous infusion vancomycin (CIV) may benefit children who are unable to achieve therapeutic concentrations with intermittent vancomycin dosing and may facilitate outpatient administration by alleviating the burden of frequent dosing intervals. Previous studies have used variable dosing regimens and steady-state concentration goals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the total daily dose
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Clinical Picture and Risk Factors for Poor Outcome in Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis of Childhood on Three Continents. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Pinja-Liisa Mbakwe, Irmeli Roine, Manuel Leite Cruzeiro, Markku Kallio, Heikki Peltola, Tuula Pelkonen
Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis (SpM) remains a major health burden worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Identifying the patients at highest risk for mortality and disabling sequelae may reveal potentially avoidable predisposing factors and identify patients most in need of intensive care. We searched for factors that do not require laboratory facilities.
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Plasma Protein Biomarkers Distinguish Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children From Other Pediatric Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Sophya Yeoh, Diego Estrada-Rivadeneyra, Heather Jackson, Ilana Keren, Rachel Galassini, Samantha Cooray, Priyen Shah, Philipp Agyeman, Romain Basmaci, Enitan Carrol, Marieke Emonts, Colin Fink, Taco Kuijpers, Federico Martinon-Torres, Marine Mommert-Tripon, Stephane Paulus, Marko Pokorn, Pablo Rojo, Lorenza Romani, Luregn Schlapbach, Nina Schweintzger, Ching-Fen Shen, Maria Tsolia, Effua Usuf, Michiel
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare but serious hyperinflammatory complication following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The mechanisms underpinning the pathophysiology of MIS-C are poorly understood. Moreover, clinically distinguishing MIS-C from other childhood infectious and inflammatory conditions, such as Kawasaki disease or severe bacterial
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Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Cardiac Involvement: A Quaternary Center Experience. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Diego Cruz Vidal, Simon Lee, Stacy P Ardoin, Djhenne Dalmacy, Juan Chaparro, Cristin Blaney, Vilmarie Rodriguez, Amanda Sankar, Shoghik Akoghlanian, Richard Lisciandro, Matthew Washam, Roshini S Abraham, Amy Leber, Meika Eby, Berkeley Bennett, Guliz Erdem
We prospectively analyzed clinical and laboratory characteristics associated with cardiac involvement and severe presentation in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Of 146 patients, 66 (45.2%) had cardiac dysfunction and 26 (17.8%) had coronary artery abnormalities. Lower serum albumin levels, absolute lymphocyte and platelet counts, and elevated ferritin, fibrinogen, d-dimer and interleukin-6
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Early Neonatal Presentation and Neuroimaging of Parechovirus Meningoencephalitis in a Preterm Baby: A Case Report. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Bushra Afzal, Sriya Roychaudhuri, Mohamed El-Dib, Carmina Erdei
Neonatal meningoencephalitis caused by human parechovirus infection is being increasingly recognized in recent literature. While most cases are postnatally acquired, intrauterine infection is rare, presents early and has a more severe impact on brain health and development. We discuss here an infant born preterm at 34 weeks gestational age, with neonatal course remarkable for severe encephalopathy
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Effectiveness and Safety of Direct-acting Antivirals for Treatment of Adolescents With HCV/HIV Coinfection: Real-world Data From Europe. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Farihah Malik, Siobhan Crichton, Yulia Plotnikova, Inga Latysheva, Anna Samarina, Maria Pokorska-Śpiewak, Marisa Navarro Gomez, Heather Bailey, Claire Thorne, Ali Judd, Anna Turkova, Intira Jeannie Collins
We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of direct-acting antivirals in adolescents with hepatitis C (HCV)/HIV coinfection using pooled individual patient-level data from 5 European cohorts. Of 122 participants in follow-up from November 2013 to August 2021, 19 were treated <18 years of age; of 15 with HCV RNA available at/after 12 weeks post-treatment, all had sustained virologic response with acceptable
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Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing for Pathogen Identification in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid From Neonates Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Yi-Rong Zheng, Xiu-Hua Chen, Qiang Chen, Hua Cao
Neonates on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are at high risk of infection. Rapid and accurate identification of pathogens is essential to improve the prognosis of children on ECMO. Metagenome next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has been used in recent years to detect pathogenic bacteria, but evidence for its use in neonates on ECMO is lacking.
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Differential Abundances of Bdellovibrio and Rheinheimera in the Oral Microbiota of Neonates With and Without Clinical Sepsis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Anucha Thatrimontrichai, Komwit Surachat, Kamonnut Singkhamanan, Paramee Thongsuksai
Neonatal sepsis is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, long hospital stays and high cost of care, thereby inflicting a burden on health care systems. Oral care with breast milk has been shown to modify the intestinal tract microbiota and immune system. Herein, we attempted to identify probiotics that may be beneficial to prevent or treat neonatal sepsis.
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Risk Factors for Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Hospitalized Children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Hsuan-Yin Ma, I-Fan Lin, Yun-Chung Liu, Ting-Yu Yen, Kuan-Ying A Huang, Wei-Liang Shih, Chun-Yi Lu, Luan-Yin Chang, Li-Min Huang
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children. Starting in December 2010, RSV monoclonal antibody (RSV mAb) was endorsed by Taiwan National Health Insurance and given to children with prematurity and/or congenital heart diseases, which are considered high-risk factors for severe RSV diseases. Investigating other important contributing