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Role of routine suppressive antibiotic therapy after DAIR for acute periprosthetic joint infections Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Don Bambino Geno Tai, Aaron J Tande, Benjamin Langworthy, Matthew P Abdel, Elie F Berbari, Bas ten Have, Paul Jutte, Alex Soriano, Gina A Suh, Wierd Zijlstra, Marjan Wouthuyzen-Bakker
Background Debridement, antibiotics, irrigation, and implant retention (DAIR) is the first-line management strategy for acute periprosthetic joint infections (PJI). Suppressive antibiotic therapy (SAT) after DAIR is proposed to improve outcomes, yet its efficacy remains under scrutiny. Methods We conducted a multicenter retrospective study in patients with acute PJI of the hip or knee and treated with
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Sequence Analysis of Inducible, Replication-Competent Virus Reveals No Evidence of HIV-1 Evolution During Suppressive Antiviral Therapy Indicating A Lack Of Ongoing Viral Replication Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Sook-Kyung Lee, Amy Sondgeroth, Yinyan Xu, Joanna Warren, Shuntai Zhou, Maria Gilleece, Blake M Hauser, Cynthia L Gay, JoAnn D Kuruc, Nancie M Archin, Joseph J Eron, David M Margolis, Nilu Goonetilleke, Ronald Swanstrom
Background Persistence of HIV-1 in reservoirs necessitates life-long antiretroviral therapy (ART). There are conflicting data using genetic analysis on whether persistence includes an actively replicating reservoir with strong evidence arguing against replication. Methods We investigated the possibility of ongoing viral evolution during suppressive therapy by comparing near full-length viral genomic
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Integrating medical librarians into infectious disease rounding teams: Survey results from a pilot implementation study Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Mia T Vogel, Lauren H Yaeger, Jason P Burnham
Medical librarians participating as infectious disease rounding team members add value by facilitating knowledge acquisition and dissemination and by improving clinical decision making. This pilot study implementing medical librarians on infectious disease rounding teams was a well-received and beneficial intervention to study participants.
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Hepatitis C Cascade of Care in a Multidisciplinary Substance Use Bridge Clinic Model in Tennessee Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Samantha Chirunomula, Anahit Muscarella, Kristen Whelchel, Fiona Gispen, David Marcovitz, Katie White, Cody Chastain
Many barriers prevent individuals with substance use disorders from receiving hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. This study describes 96 patients with active HCV treated in an opioid use disorder bridge clinic model. Of 33 patients who initiated treatment, 25 patients completed treatment, and 13 patients achieved sustained virologic response.
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Managing modern ART in the ICU: overcoming challenges for critically ill people with HIV Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Daniel B Chastain, Patrick J Tu, Marisa Brizzi, Chelsea A Keedy, Aubrey N Baker, Brittany T Jackson, Amber F Ladak, Leslie A Hamilton, Nicholas R Sells, Andrés F Henao-Martínez, Kathleen A McManus, David B Cluck
People with HIV (PWH) have a 50% excess risk for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, often for non-HIV-related conditions. Despite this, clear guidance for managing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in this setting is lacking. Selecting appropriate ART in the ICU is complex due to drug interactions, absorption issues, and dosing adjustments. Continuing ART in the ICU can be challenging due to organ dysfunction
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M. tuberculosis infection attributable to exposure in social networks of tuberculosis cases in an urban African community Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Noah Kiwanuka, Sarah Zalwango, Robert Kakaire, Maria Eugenia Castellanos, Trang Ho Thu Quach, Christopher C Whalen
The persistence of tuberculosis today and its global disparity send a powerful message that effective tuberculosis control must respond to its regional epidemiology. Active case finding through contact investigation is a standard protocol used for tuberculosis control, but its effectiveness has not been established especially in endemic areas. To quantify the potential effectiveness of contact investigation
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Renal Transplantation in HIV-positive and HIV-negative Patients with Advanced Stages of Kidney Disease: Equity in Transplantation Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Seyed M Hosseini-Moghaddam, Yuguang Kang, Sarah E Bota, Matthew A Weir
Background HIV-infected patients are at a greater risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) than the general population. Considering the risk of death after ESKD, access of HIV-infected patients to renal transplantation is critically important. Methods We included all adult patients on chronic dialysis in Ontario, Canada, between April 1, 2007, and December 31, 2020. We determined the probability of
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Case Series of People With HIV on the Long-Acting Combination of Lenacapavir and Cabotegravir: Call for a Trial Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Monica Gandhi, Lucas Hill, Janet Grochowski, Alexander Nelson, Catherine A Koss, Francis Mayorga-Munoz, Jon Oskarsson, Mary Shiels, Ann Avery, Laura Bamford, Jillian Baron, William R Short, Corrilynn O Hileman
Background Injectable cabotegravir (CAB)/rilpivirine (RPV) is the only combination long-acting (LA) antiretroviral regimen approved for HIV. RPV may not be effective among individuals with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance, which has >10% prevalence in many countries. Lenacapavir (LEN) is an LA capsid inhibitor given every 6 months, but has not been studied in combination
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Remdesivir is associated with reduced mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 not requiring supplemental oxygen Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Essy Mozaffari, Aastha Chandak, Chidinma Chima-Melton, Andre C Kalil, Heng Jiang, EunYoung Lee, Celine Der-Torossian, Mark Thrun, Mark Berry, Richard Haubrich, Robert L Gottlieb
Background Remdesivir has demonstrated benefit in some hospitalized patients with COVID-19 on supplemental oxygen and in non-hospitalized patients at room air. The durability of this benefit across time periods with different circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) is unknown. This comparative effectiveness study compares inpatient mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 not receiving
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National HIV and HCV Screening Rates for Hospitalized People Who Use Drugs Are Suboptimal and Heterogeneous across 11 U.S. Hospitals Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Leo Knudsen Westgard, Taisuke Sato, William S Bradford, Ellen F Eaton, Finlay Pilcher, Andrew J Hale, Devika Singh, Marlene Martin, Ayesha A Appa, Jaimie P Meyer, Melissa B Weimer, Lydia A Barakat, Uriel R Felsen, Matthew J Akiyama, Jessica P Ridgway, Emily D Grussing, Kinna Thakarar, Amy White, John Mutelayi, Martin Krsak, Brian T Montague, Ank Nijhawan, Harini Balakrishnan, Laura R Marks, Alysse
To end the HIV and HCV epidemics, people who use drugs (PWUD) need more opportunities for testing. While inpatient hospitalizations are an essential opportunity to test PWUD for HIV and HCV, there is limited research on rates of inpatient testing for HIV and HCV among PWUD. Eleven hospital sites were included in the study. Each site created a cohort of inpatient encounters associated with injection
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Incidence of Herpes zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia, and Herpes Zoster Vaccination Uptake in a United States Administrative Claims Database Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Zachary A Marcum, Purva Jain, Alan Embry, Brent Arakaki, Irisdaly Estevez, Emma Viscidi
Background The objective of this study was to estimate the annual incidence rates of herpes zoster (HZ) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) among individuals aged ≥19 years and the proportion of individuals who received HZ vaccination among individuals aged ≥50 years. Methods This observational cohort study was conducted using administrative claims data from HealthVerity and included insured individuals
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Characterizing Ertapenem Neurotoxicity: A Systematic Review and Experience at a Tertiary Medical Center Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Hayato Mitaka, Shinya Hasegawa, Kristine F Lan, Rupali Jain, Robert M Rakita, Paul S Pottinger
Ertapenem-induced neurotoxicity has not been well characterized and is potentially underreported. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and included 11 additional cases from the UW Medicine health system. A total of 125 individual patient cases were included in the data analysis. The mean age was 72 years, and 62% and 42% of patients had renal dysfunction and preexisting central nervous
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Risk of Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Preterm Infants Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 A Calvert, H Campbell, P T Heath, C E Jones, K Le Doare, A Mensah, S Ladhani
Background Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is most common in the first year of life. We hypothesised that preterm infants may have a higher risk of IMD and more severe disease than term infants. We compared the incidence, demographics, clinical presentation and outcomes of IMD in preterm compared with term infants during the first five years after implementation of a national meningococcal group
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Risk factors for and outcomes following early acquisition of Mycobacterium abscessus complex after lung transplantation Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Sophie E Nick, Michael E Yarrington, John M Reynolds, Deverick J Anderson, Arthur W Baker
Background Lung transplant recipients are at increased risk of Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) acquisition and invasive infection. We analyzed risk factors and outcomes of early post-lung transplant MABC acquisition. Methods We conducted a retrospective matched case-control study of patients who underwent lung transplant from 1/1/2012–12/31/2021 at a single large tertiary care facility. Cases
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The Number of Influenza Risk Factors Informs an Adult's Increased Potential of Severe Influenza Outcomes: A Multi-Season Cohort Study from 2015 to 2020 Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Ian McGovern, Katherine Cappell, Alina N Bogdanov, Mendel D M Haag
Background While studies have evaluated individual factors influencing the risk of severe influenza outcomes, there is limited evidence on the additive impact of having multiple influenza risk factors and how this varies by age. Methods Patients ≥18 years of age in the US were evaluated retrospectively in five seasonal cohorts during the 2015–2020 influenza seasons. Patient-level electronic medical
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Efficacy of Lamivudine plus Dolutegravir versus Dolutegravir-based Three-drugs Regimens in Virologically-suppressed People Living with HIV Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Alberto Borghetti, Arturo Ciccullo, Francesca Lombardi, Diana Giannarelli, Rosa Anna Passerotto, Francesco Lamanna, Antonella Carcagnì, Damiano Farinacci, Alex Dusina, Gianmaria Baldin, Maurizio Zazzi, Simona Di Giambenedetto
Background Lamivudine+dolutegravir maintenance dual therapy (DT) could be less effective than three-drug therapies (TT) in the context of resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). The “ARCA” database was queried to test this hypothesis with a trial-emulation strategy. Methods People living with HIV on 2NRTI plus either a protease inhibitor or a non-NRTI
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Hepatitis B virus prevalence and transmission in the households of pregnant women in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Camille E Morgan, Patrick Ngimbi, Alix J N Boisson-Walsh, Sarah Ntambua, Jolie Matondo, Martine Tabala, Melchior Mwandaglirwa Kashamuka, Michael Emch, Jessie K Edwards, Kimberly A Powers, Linda James, Nana Mbonze, Samuel Mampunza, Marcel Yotebieng, Peyton Thompson, Jonathan B Parr
Background The World Health Organization Africa region has high regional hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence and evidence suggests more frequent horizontal HBV transmission than other regions. Context-specific epidemiological studies are needed to inform additional HBV prevention measures. . Methods In the cross-sectional Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B (HOVER-HBV) study, we introduced
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Syndromic gastrointestinal panel diagnostic tests have changed our understanding of the epidemiology of Yersinia enterocolitica—Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 2010–2021 Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Logan C Ray, Daniel C Payne, Joshua Rounds, Rosalie T Trevejo, Elisha Wilson, Kari Burzlaff, Katie N Garman, Sarah Lathrop, Tamara Rissman, Katie Wymore, Sophia Wozny, Siri Wilson, Louise K Francois Watkins, Beau B Bruce, Daniel L Weller
Background In the United States, Yersinia enterocolitica causes a diarrheal disease historically associated with winter months and understood to predominantly occur among Black or African American infants and Asian children. Clinical laboratory adoption of culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs), in place of culture methods has led to marked increases in diagnoses. Methods We describe laboratory-diagnosed
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Antifungal treatment duration in hematology patients with invasive mold infections: an untold story Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Vera Portillo, Silvio Ragozzino, Elisavet Stavropoulou, Celine El-Khoury, Pierre-Yves Bochud, Frederic Lamoth, Nina Khanna, Dionysios Neofytos
Background Limited data exist on when and how to stop antifungal treatment (AFT) in immunocompromised patients with invasive mold infections (IMI). Methods This is a retrospective multi-center study on adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and proven/probable IMI (01.01.2010-31.12.2022) in three University Hospitals. The primary objective was to describe AFT duration and adaptation.
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Detection of a Human Adenovirus Outbreak, Including Some Critical Infections, Using Multi-Pathogen Testing at a Large University, September 2022—January 2023 Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 JoLynn P Montgomery, Juan Luis Marquez, Jennifer Nord, Aleksandra R Stamper, Elizabeth A Edwards, Nicholas Valentini, Christopher J Frank, Laraine L Washer, Robert D Ernst, Ji In Park, Deanna Price, Jim Collins, Sarah E Smith-Jeffcoat, Fang Hu, Christine L Knox, Rebia Khan, Xiaoyan Lu, Hannah L Kirking, Christopher H Hsu
Background Human adenoviruses (HAdV) can cause outbreaks of flu-like illness in university settings. Most infections in healthy young adults are mild; severe illnesses rarely occur. In Fall 2022, an adenovirus outbreak was identified in university students. Methods HAdV cases were defined as university students 17 to 26 years-old who presented to University Health Service or nearby emergency department
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Real-World Dalbavancin Use for Serious Gram-Positive Infections: Comparing Outcomes Between People Who Use and Do Not Use Drugs Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Sarah Zambrano, Molly L Paras, Joji Suzuki, Jeffrey C Pearson, Brandon Dionne, Harry Schrager, Jason Mallada, Veronica Szpak, Katie Fairbank-Haynes, Marlene Kalter, Sara Prostko, Daniel A Solomon
Background Dalbavancin has been used off label to treat invasive bacterial infections in vulnerable populations like people who use drugs (PWUD) because of its broad gram-positive coverage and unique pharmacological properties. This retrospective, multi-site study examined clinical outcomes at 90 days in PWUD vs non-PWUD after secondary treatment with dalbavancin for bacteremia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis
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Teams in Transition: Increasing Role of Advanced Practice Providers in Antimicrobial Use and Infectious Diseases Consultation Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Reinaldo Perez, Michael E Yarrington, Connor R Deri, Michael J Smith, Jillian Hayes, Rebekah H Wrenn, Rebekah W Moehring
Background Advanced practice providers (APPs) have taken on increasing responsibilities as primary team members in acute care hospitals, but the impact of this practice shift on antimicrobial prescribing and infectious diseases (ID) consultation requests is unknown. Here we describe longitudinal trends in antimicrobial days of therapy (DOT) and ID consultation by attributed provider type in 3 hospitals
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Long-term oral Suppressive Antimicrobial Therapy in Infective Endocarditis (SATIE study): An observational study Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 A-L Beaumont, F Mestre, S Decaux, C Bertin, X Duval, B Iung, F Rouzet, N Grall, M Para, M Thy, L Deconinck
The role of suppressive antimicrobial therapy (SAT) in infective endocarditis (IE) management has yet to be defined. Objectives Describe the use of SAT in an IE referral center and the patients’ outcomes. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study in a French IE referral center (Paris). All patients with IE who received SAT between 2016 and 2022 were included. Results Forty-two patients
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Real-World Effectiveness of Intravenous and Oral Antibiotic Stepdown Strategies for Gram-negative Complicated Urinary Tract Infection with Bacteremia Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 John J Veillette, Stephanie S May, Sameer Alzaidi, Jared Olson, Allison M Butler, C Dustin Waters, Katarina Jackson, Mary A Hutton, Brandon J Webb
Background Robust data are lacking regarding the optimal route, duration, and antibiotic choice for Gram-negative bloodstream infections from a complicated urinary tract infection source (GN-BSI/cUTI). Methods In this multicenter observational cohort study, we simulated a four-arm registry trial using causal inference methodology to compare effectiveness of the following regimens for GN-BSI/cUTI: complete
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Rural-urban differences in Long-term Mortality and Readmission Following COVID-19 Hospitalization, 2020 to 2023 Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Mohammed Yousufuddin, Maryam Mahmood, Ebrahim Barkoudah, Fatimazahra Badr, Kanika Khandelwal, Warren Manyara, Umesh Sharma, Ahmed D Abdalrhim, Meltiady Issa, Sumit Bhagra, Mohammad H Murad
Background We compared long-term mortality and readmission rates after COVID-19 hospitalization based on rural-urban status and assessed the impact of COVID-19 vaccination introduction on clinical outcomes by rurality. Methods Study comprised of adults hospitalized for COVID-19 at 17 hospitals in four U.S. states between March 2020 and July 2022, followed until May 2023. The main analysis included
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Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) in a Safety-net Hospital: Opportunities for Improvement Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Rory Bouzigard, Mark Arnold, Sithembiso S Msibi, Jacob K Player, Norman Mang, Brenton Hall, Joseph Su, Michael A Lane, Trish M Perl, Laila M Castellino
Background Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is a safe and cost-effective transitional care approach administered via different delivery models. No standards exist for appropriate OPAT program staffing. We examined outcomes of patients receiving OPAT via different care models to identify strategies to improve safety while reducing healthcare overuse. Methods Retrospective demographic
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Incidence and Mortality of COVID-19-Associated Invasive Fungal Infections Among Critically Ill Intubated Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Analysis Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Julio C Zuniga-Moya, Benjamin Papadopoulos, Armaghan-E-Rehman Mansoor, Patrick B Mazi, Adriana M Rauseo, Andrej Spec
Background An association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–associated invasive fungal infections (CAIFIs) and high mortality among intubated patients has been suggested in previous research. However, some of the current evidence was derived from small case series and multicenter studies conducted during different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the incidence of CAIFIs and their
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Immune Responses in Discharged COVID-19 Patients With and Without Long COVID Symptoms Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Yeming Wang, Li Guo, Dan Cui, Hui Zhang, Qiao Zhang, Lili Ren, Geng Wang, Xueyang Zhang, Tingxuan Huang, Lan Chen, Lixue Huang, Xinming Wang, Jinchuan Zhong, Ying Wang, Hui Li, Jianwei Wang, Bin Cao
The immune mechanisms of long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID) are not yet fully understood. We aimed to investigate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–specific memory immune responses in discharged COVID-19 patients with and without long COVID symptoms. In this cross-sectional study, we included 1041 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with the original virus strain in Wuhan
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Candida spp. deep sternal wound infections: a consequence of antibiotic use? Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Thomas McNeil, Joanna Coats, Santhosh Daniel, David Gordon
A cluster of deep sternal wound infections caused by Candida spp. occurred at our institution. Investigation did not disclose a common environmental source. We postulate that broad spectrum antibiotic surgical prophylaxis and liberal use of antibiotics contributed to these infections.
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Exacerbation of CMV and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections Following PD-1 Blockade for HIV-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-31 Ifeanyichukwu U Anidi, Shunsuke Sakai, Kelsie Brooks, Steven P Fling, Michael J Wagner, Kathryn Lurain, Cecilia S Lindestam Arlehamn, Alessandro Sette, Kenneth S Knox, Jason M Brenchley, Thomas S Uldrick, Elad Sharon, Daniel L Barber
Blockade of the co-inhibitory receptor PD-1 enhances anti-tumor responses by boosting the function of antigen-specific T cells. Although rare, PD-1 blockade in patients with cancer can lead to exacerbation of infection-associated pathology. Here we detail the case of a 38-year-old man who was enrolled in a clinical trial for assessment of the safety and activity of anti-PD-1 therapy for Kaposi sarcoma
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Low level viremia is associated with Serious Non-AIDS Events in People Living with HIV Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-30 Anuradha Ganesan, Hsing-Chuan Hsieh, Xiuping Chu, Rhonda E Colombo, Catherine Berjohn, Tahaniyat Lalani, Joseph Yabes, Christie A Joya, Jason Blaylock, Brian K Agan
Background The consequences of low-level viremia in people living with HIV are unclear. We used data from the U.S. Military HIV Natural History Study (NHS) to examine the association of low-level viremia (LLV) and serious non-AIDS events (SNAEs). Methods Included participants initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) after 1996, had ≥3 viral loads (VLs) measured, using an assay with a lower limit of detection
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations Associated with Social Vulnerability by Census Tract: An Opportunity for Intervention? Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-29 Christine M Thomas, Rameela Raman, William Schaffner, Tiffanie M Markus, Danielle Ndi, Mary-Margaret A Fill, John R Dunn, H Keipp Talbot
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause hospitalization in young children and older adults. With vaccines and monoclonal antibody prophylaxis increasingly available, identifying social factors associated with severe illnesses can guide mitigation efforts. Methods Using data collected by the RSV Hospitalization Surveillance Network during 2016–2023, we identified RSV hospitalizations
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Real World Experience of Posaconazole Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Oncology Patients: Clinical Implications of Hypoalbuminemia as a Predictor of Subtherapeutic Posaconazole Levels Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-29 Guy Handley, John Greene, Anthony P Cannella, Ana Paula Velez, Shivan Shah, Yanina Pasikhova
Background Posaconazole maintains broad antifungal activity and is employed for prevention and treatment of invasive fungal infections in oncology patients. Older formulations required therapeutic drug monitoring, and specific plasma drug levels have been recommended. This study evaluated factors associated with sub-therapeutic concentrations with the newer delayed-release tablet formulation. Methods
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Two Decades of Insights into Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Hand Infections Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Hussam Tabaja, Humza Y Saleem, Karim Bakri, Aaron J Tande
Background The objective of our study is to describe the clinical presentation, management, and outcome of a large cohort with NTM hand infection. Methods We reviewed the medical records of all adults (≥18 years) managed at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) for NTM hand infection between 1998-2018. Results Our cohort included 81 patients. The median age was 61.3 (interquartile-range (IQR) 51.7, 69.6)
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Invasive Candida Infection in Patients with Bacterial Infective Endocarditis Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Travis Combs, Bobbi Jo Stoner, Parker McCoy, Hassan Reda, Michael Sekela, Sami El-Dalati
Over 21 months, 12 patients with invasive Candida infections detected during the course of treatment of bacterial endocarditis, including 11 with candidemia, were identified. Invasive Candida infections can occur as a complication of bacterial endocarditis and may occur more frequently in patients with injection drug use and broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure.
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Analysis of National Institutes of Health Funding for the COVID-19 Pandemic Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Adishesh K Narahari, Taylor M Horgan, Anirudha S Chandrabhatla, D Chris Gist, Paranjay D Patel, Mark A Lantieri, Jeffrey M Sturek, Claire L Davis, Patrick E H Jackson, Taison D Bell
Background Evaluating the National Institute’s Health’s (NIH's) response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic via grants and clinical trials is crucial to determining the impact they had on aiding US citizens. We determined how the NIH's funding for COVID-19 research was disbursed and used by various institutions across the United States. Methods We queried NIH RePORTER and isolated
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Asynchronous Video Directly Observed Therapy (VDOT) to Monitor Short-Course LTBI Treatment: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 R S Garfein, L Liu, J Cepeda, S Graves, S San Miguel, A Antonio, J Cuevas-Mota, V Mercer, M Smith, D G Catanzaro, P Rios, F Raab, C A Benson
Background Observing medication ingestion through self-recorded videos (Video Directly Observed Therapy [VDOT]) has been shown to be a cost-effective alternative to in-person DOT for monitoring adherence to treatment for tuberculosis (TB) disease. VDOT could be a useful tool to monitor short-course latent TB infection (LTBI) treatment. Methods We conducted a prospective, randomized controlled trial
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Differences in Pertussis Incidence by Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 2010–2017 Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Jaymin C Patel, Matthew Cole, Amy B Rubis, Kari Burzalff, Victor Cruz, Karen Edge, Kathy Kudish, Juventila Liko, Sandra Pena, Ebony S Thomas, Tami H Skoff, Lucy A McNamara
Background An increased pertussis burden has been demonstrated among Hispanic or Latino and American Indian or Alaska Native [AI/AN] infants. However, data on potential disparities among other age and racial groups are limited. Methods We analyzed pertussis cases reported through Enhanced Pertussis Surveillance during 2010–2017. Pertussis and severe pertussis incidence were calculated by race (White
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Experience with 4-month rifapentine and moxifloxacin-based tuberculosis treatment in San Francisco Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Janice K Louie, Rocio Agraz-Lara, Gustavo E Velásquez, Allison Phillips, John D Szumowski
Background A multi-country randomized controlled trial has demonstrated that pan-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) can be successfully treated with a 4-month regimen of daily isoniazid, rifapentine, moxifloxacin, and pyrazinamide (HPMZ). We piloted HPMZ in San Francisco (SF) using a modified version of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HPMZ treatment guidelines. Methods In this
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Microbiological Methods Used in the Enterics for Global Health Shigella Surveillance Study Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Bri’Anna Horne, Henry Badji, Md Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan, Lucero Romaina Cachique, Jennifer Cornick, Aneeta Hotwani, Jane Juma, John Benjamin Ochieng, Mahamadou Abdou, Evans Apondi, Hannah E Atlas, Alex O Awuor, Kate S Baker, Bubacarr E Ceesay, Mary Charles, Nigel A Cunliffe, Erika Feutz, Sean R Galagan, Ibrehima Guindo, M Jahangir Hossain, Junaid Iqbal, Fatima Jallow, Noumou Yakhouba Keita, Farhana
Background Shigella is a major cause of diarrhea in young children worldwide. Multiple vaccines targeting Shigella are in development, and phase 3 clinical trials are imminent to determine efficacy against shigellosis. Methods The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study is designed to determine the incidence of medically attended shigellosis in 6- to 35-month-old children in 7
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Population Enumeration and Household Utilization Survey Methods in the Enterics for Global Health (EFGH): Shigella Surveillance Study Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Ryan Dodd, Alex O Awuor, Paul F Garcia Bardales, Farhana Khanam, Donnie Mategula, Uma Onwuchekwa, Golam Sarwar, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Naveed Ahmed, Hannah E Atlas, Md Amirul Islam Bhuiyan, Josh M Colston, Bakary Conteh, Manan Diawara, Nasrin Dilruba, Sarah Elwood, Irum Fatima, Erika Feutz, Sean R Galagan, Shahinur Haque, Md Taufiqul Islam, Mehrab Karim, Belali Keita, Margaret N Kosek, Karen L Kotloff
Background Accurate estimation of diarrhea incidence from facility-based surveillance requires estimating the population at risk and accounting for case patients who do not seek care. The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study will characterize population denominators and healthcare-seeking behavior proportions to calculate incidence rates of Shigella diarrhea in children aged
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The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study in The Gambia Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Bakary Conteh, Henry Badji, Abdoulie F Jallow, Mehrab Karim, Alhagie Manneh, Belali Keita, Golam Sarwar, Bubacarr E Ceesay, Sheikh Jarju, Abdoulie M J Jabang, Ebrima Baldeh, Usman N Ikumapayi, Ousman Secka, Martin Antonio, Anna Roca, Umberto D’Alessandro, Karen L Kotloff, M Jahangir Hossain
Background The Gambia, located in West Africa, is one of 7 country sites conducting the Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study to establish incidence and consequence of Shigella-associated medically attended diarrhea among children 6–35 months old. Methods Here we describe the study site and research experience, sociodemographic characteristics of the study catchment area, facilities
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Diarrhea Case Surveillance in the Enterics for Global Health Shigella Surveillance Study: Epidemiologic Methods Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Hannah E Atlas, Bakary Conteh, Md Taufiqul Islam, Khuzwayo C Jere, Richard Omore, Doh Sanogo, Francesca Schiaffino, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Naveed Ahmed, Alex O Awuor, Henry Badji, Jennifer Cornick, Erika Feutz, Sean R Galagan, Fadima C Haidara, Bri’Anna Horne, Md Ismail Hossen, Aneeta Hotwani, Eric R Houpt, Abdoulie F Jallow, Mehrab Karim, Adama Mamby Keita, Youssouf Keita, Farhana Khanam, Jie Liu
Background Shigella is a leading cause of acute watery diarrhea, dysentery, and diarrhea-attributed linear growth faltering, a precursor to stunting and lifelong morbidity. Several promising Shigella vaccines are in development and field efficacy trials will require a consortium of potential vaccine trial sites with up-to-date Shigella diarrhea incidence data. Methods The Enterics for Global Health
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Data Management in Multicountry Consortium Studies: The Enterics For Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study Example Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Erika Feutz, Prasanta K Biswas, Latif Ndeketa, Billy Ogwel, Uma Onwuchekwa, Golam Sarwar, Shazia Sultana, Pablo Peñataro Yori, Alyssa Acebedo, Naveed Ahmed, Imran Ahmed, Hannah E Atlas, Alex O Awuor, Md Amirul Islam Bhuiyan, Bakary Conteh, Oualy Diawara, Sarah Elwood, Moussa Fane, Md Ismail Hossen, Mahzabeen Ireen, Abdoulie F Jallow, Mehrab Karim, Margaret N Kosek, Karen L Kotloff, Clement Lefu, Jie
Background Rigorous data management systems and planning are essential to successful research projects, especially for large, multicountry consortium studies involving partnerships across multiple institutions. Here we describe the development and implementation of data management systems and procedures for the Enterics For Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study—a 7-country diarrhea surveillance
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The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study in Mali Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Adama Mamby Keita, Sanogo Doh, Jane Juma, Dilruba Nasrin, Awa Traoré, Uma Onwuchekwa, Rebecca Maguire, Fadima C Haidara, Samba O Sow, Karen L Kotloff, Milagritos D Tapia
Background In 2002, the Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins du Mali (CVD-Mali) was established as a partnership between the Mali Ministry of Health and the University of Maryland, Baltimore. Since its creation, CVD-Mali has been dedicated to describing the epidemiology of infectious diseases, supporting the development of vaccines, and training a team of local researchers. CVD-Mali participated
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Epstein-Barr-Virus DNA is associated with conjunctival squamous cell carcinomas; a case-control study from Zimbabwe Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Racheal S Dube Mandishora, Luisa Galati, Richard R Reich, Jean-Damien Combes, Sandrine McKay-Chopin, Rudo Makunike Mutasa, Rangarirai Masanganise, Bevele Gwambiwa, Tricia Magombei, Francesco Alfredo Zito, Pagona Lagiou, Gary M Clifford, Anna R Giuliano, Anna E Coghill, Massimo Tomassino, Tarik Gheit
Incidence of conjunctival-squamous-cell-carcinoma (cSCC) in Zimbabwe is >30-fold higher than the global average. cSCC risk is notably higher among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), implicating impaired immune response and a yet unknown infectious etiology. Formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded blocks from Zimbabwe, comprising of conjunctival pre-cancer (n=78), invasive cSCC cases (n=148)
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Shigella Detection and Molecular Serotyping With a Customized TaqMan Array Card in the Enterics for Global Health (EFGH): Shigella Surveillance Study Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Jie Liu, Paul F Garcia Bardales, Kamrul Islam, Sheikh Jarju, Jane Juma, Chimwemwe Mhango, Queen Naumanga, Sonia Qureshi, Catherine Sonye, Naveed Ahmed, Fatima Aziz, Md Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan, Mary Charles, Nigel A Cunliffe, Mahamadou Abdou, Sean R Galagan, Ensa Gitteh, Ibrehima Guindo, M Jahangir Hossain, Abdoulie M J Jabang, Khuzwayo C Jere, Flywell Kawonga, Mariama Keita, Noumou Yakhouba Keita,
Background Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting ipaH has been proven to be highly efficient in detecting Shigella in clinical samples compared to culture-based methods, which underestimate Shigella burden by 2- to 3-fold. qPCR assays have also been developed for Shigella speciation and serotyping, which is critical for both vaccine development and evaluation. Methods The Enterics
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Evaluation of Fecal Inflammatory Biomarkers to Identify Bacterial Diarrhea Episodes: Systematic Review and Protocol for the Enterics for Global Health Shigella Surveillance Study Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Courtney Babb, Henry Badji, Md Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan, Jennifer Cornick, Sonia Qureshi, Catherine Sonye, Wagner V Shapiama Lopez, Mehreen Adnan, Hannah E Atlas, Kehkashan Begum, Stephanie A Brennhofer, Bubacarr E Ceesay, Abdoulie K Ceesay, Nigel A Cunliffe, Paul F Garcia Bardales, Shahinur Haque, Bri’Anna Horne, M Jahangir Hossain, Junaid Iqbal, Md Taufiqul Islam, Sadia Islam, Farhana Khanam, Karen
Background The measurement of fecal inflammatory biomarkers among individuals presenting to care with diarrhea could improve the identification of bacterial diarrheal episodes that would benefit from antibiotic therapy. We reviewed prior literature in this area and describe our proposed methods to evaluate 4 biomarkers in the Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study. Methods We
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Optimizing Vaccine Trials for Enteric Diseases: The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Kirsten Vannice, Calman Alexander MacLennan, Jessica Long, Andrew Duncan Steele
In this introductory article, we describe the rationale for the Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study, which is largely to optimize the design and implementation of pivotal Shigella vaccine trials in the target population of infants and young children living in low- and middle-income countries. Such optimization will ideally lead to a shorter time to vaccine availability in
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The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study in Pakistan Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Naveed Ahmed, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Farah Naz Qamar
Background The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study is a longitudinal multicountry study that aims to estimate incidence rates and document consequences of Shigella diarrhea within 7 countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In addition to a high incidence of childhood diarrhea, Pakistan is facing a problem of antimicrobial resistance in urban and peri-urban areas of Karachi
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The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study in Malawi Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Donnie Mategula, Maureen Ndalama, Clement Lefu, Jobiba Chinkhumba, Latif Ndeketa, Vitumbiko Munthali, Clifford Chitala, Thandizo Malemia, Gertrude Million, Ishmail Mbutuka, Ranken Mhone, Ethel Makwenda, Mussa James, Cornelius Bwanali, Gift Kazembe, Abell Manundo, Evance Chauluka, Salama Chitalo, Ethel Alumando, Dalitso Longwe, Maggie Matandika, Paul Jonasi, Agra Thindwa, Deborah Phiri, Richard Wachepa
Background Malawi is among 7 countries participating in the Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study, which aims to determine the incidence of medically attended diarrhea attributed to Shigella, a leading bacterial cause of diarrhea in children in low-resource settings. Methods We describe the EFGH study site in the densely populated informal settlement of Ndirande Township, Blantyre
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The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study in Peru Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Katia Manzanares Villanueva, Tackeshy Pinedo Vasquez, Pablo Peñataro Yori, Lucero Romaina Cacique, Paul F Garcia Bardales, Wagner V Shapiama Lopez, Fiorella Zegarra Paredes, Karin F Perez, Silvia Rengifo Pinedo, Hermann Silva Delgado, Thomas Flynn, Francesca Schiaffino, Josh M Colston, Maribel Paredes Paredes Olortegui, Margaret N Kosek
Background The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Peru site will enroll subjects in a periurban area of the low Amazon rainforest. The political department of Loreto lags behind most of Peru in access to improved sources of water and sanitation, per capita income, children born <2.5 kg, and infant and child mortality. Chronic undernutrition as manifested by linear growth shortfalls is common, but wasting
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Exploring Natural Immune Responses to Shigella Exposure Using Multiplex Bead Assays on Dried Blood Spots in High-Burden Countries: Protocol From a Multisite Diarrhea Surveillance Study Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Prisca Benedicto-Matambo, Lindsay N Avolio, Henry Badji, Rabab Batool, Farhana Khanam, Stephen Munga, Milagritos D Tapia, Pablo Peñataro Yori, Alex O Awuor, Bubacarr E Ceesay, Jennifer Cornick, Nigel A Cunliffe, Paul F Garcia Bardales, Christopher D Heaney, Aneeta Hotwani, Mahzabeen Ireen, Md Taufiqul Islam, Ousman Jallow, Robert W Kaminski, Wagner V Shapiama Lopez, Victor Maiden, Usman Nurudeen Ikumapayi
Background Molecular diagnostics on human fecal samples have identified a larger burden of shigellosis than previously appreciated by culture. Evidence of fold changes in immunoglobulin G (IgG) to conserved and type-specific Shigella antigens could be used to validate the molecular assignment of type-specific Shigella as the etiology of acute diarrhea and support polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–based
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Quantifying the Cost of Shigella Diarrhea in the Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Chloe Morozoff, Naveed Ahmed, Jobiba Chinkhumba, Md Taufiqul Islam, Abdoulie F Jallow, Billy Ogwel, Loyda Fiorella Zegarra Paredes, Doh Sanogo, Hannah E Atlas, Henry Badji, Naor Bar-Zeev, Bakary Conteh, Mario Güimack Fajardo, Erika Feutz, Fadima C Haidara, Mehrab Karim, Adama Mamby Keita, Youssouf Keita, Farhana Khanam, Margaret N Kosek, Karen L Kotloff, Rebecca Maguire, Ishmail S Mbutuka, Maureen
Background Comparative costs of public health interventions provide valuable data for decision making. However, the availability of comprehensive and context-specific costs is often limited. The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study—a facility-based diarrhea surveillance study across 7 countries—aims to generate evidence on health system and household costs associated with medically
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Assessing the Appropriateness of Antimicrobial Prescribing in the Community Setting: A Scoping Review Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Rose I Okonkwo, Gary Grant, Henry Ndukwe, Zabiuddin Ahad Mohammed, Sohil Khan
Background This scoping review examined the concept and scope of appropriateness of antimicrobial prescribing in the community setting and how it has been measured. Methods Utilizing the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodology, we appraised peer-reviewed articles and unpublished studies, focusing on the US, UK, Canada, and Australia, with no limit to date. Results Four basic components of antimicrobial
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Sequential Time to Positivity as a Prognostic Indicator in Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Isin Y Comba, John Raymond Go, James Vaillant, John C O’Horo, Ryan W Stevens, Raj Palraj, Omar Abu Saleh
Objectives To determine the factors associated with sequential blood culture time to positivity (STTP) and validate the previously defined TTP ratio threshold of 1.5 in predicting adverse disease outcomes and mortality of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). Methods We conducted a multi-site, retrospective study of adult patients with SAB. Data was collected from electronic health records and the
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Health Care Utilization Among Infants Covered By Medicaid and Newly Diagnosed with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Mina Suh, Naimisha Movva, Xiaohui Jiang, Heidi Reichert, Susan T Pastula, Naomi C Sacks, Cara Frankenfeld, Jon P Fryzek, Eric A F Simões
Background Infants covered by Medicaid have higher RSV hospitalization rates compared with those of commercial insurance, but findings are limited to the inpatient setting. This birth cohort study describes healthcare encounters for RSV across all settings among infants covered by Medicaid and CHIP. Methods Medicaid claims for infants born and residing in AZ, CA, FL, MI, NC, NY, and TX were analyzed
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Air cleaners and respiratory infections in schools: A modeling study using epidemiological, environmental, and molecular data Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Nicolas Banholzer, Philipp Jent, Pascal Bittel, Kathrin Zürcher, Lavinia Furrer, Simon Bertschinger, Ernest Weingartner, Alban Ramette, Matthias Egger, Tina Hascher, Lukas Fenner
Background Using a multiple-measurement approach, we examined the real-world effectiveness of portable HEPA-air filtration devices (air cleaners) in a school setting. Methods We collected environmental (CO2, particle concentrations), epidemiological (absences related to respiratory infections), audio (coughing), and molecular data (bioaerosol and saliva samples) over seven weeks during winter 2022/2023
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Subarachnoid Neurocysticercosis Case Series Reveals a Significant Delay in Diagnosis – Requiring a High Index of Suspicion Among Those At-Risk Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Norman L Beatty, Harpreet Kaur, Kathryn Schlaffer, Kathryn Thompson, Preeti Manavalan, Zulmarie R Rijos, Abhinandan A Raman, H Richard Droghini, Elise M O’Connell
Subarachnoid neurocysticercosis (NCC) can be challenging to recognize, which often leads to a delay in diagnosis. We report three cases presenting as chronic headache disorders which highlight the unique manifestations seen with this form of NCC and the role the Infectious Diseases consultant can play in ensuring a timely diagnosis.
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Virological suppression and its predictors among HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis Open Forum Infect. Dis. (IF 4.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Dagnachew Melak, Fekade Demeke Bayou, Husniya Yasin, Aregash Abebayehu Zerga, Birhanu Wagaye, Fanos Yeshanew Ayele, Natnael Kebede, Asnakew Molla Mekonen, Ahmed Hussien Asfaw, Shambel Ayichew Tsegaw, Mengistu Mera Mihiretu, Yawkal Tsega, Elsabeth Addisu, Niguss Cherie, Tesfaye Birhane, Zinet Abegaz, Abel Endawkie, Anissa Mohammed
Introduction Achieving viral load suppression is crucial for the prevention of complications and deaths related to HIV infection. Ethiopia has embraced the worldwide 95-95-95 target, but there is no national representative information regarding virological suppression. Therefore, this review aims to determine the pooled virological suppression rate and identify the pooled effect of contributing factors