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Harnessing the Power of AI: A Comprehensive Review of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Assessment With Echocardiography. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-23 Ben Barris, Avrohom Karp, Menachem Jacobs, William H Frishman
The quantification of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) has important clinical utility in the assessment of cardiac function and is vital for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. A transthoracic echocardiogram serves as the most commonly used tool for LVEF assessment for several reasons, including, its noninvasive nature, great safety profile, real-time image processing ability, portability
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Systematic Dental Screening Before Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Call to Action! Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-23 Giovanni Amoroso, Erni C Mellema
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVR) offers an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for high-risk patients. Despite its benefits, concerns arise from its association with prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE), a severe complication. Recent studies indicate a potential higher incidence of PVE in TAVR recipients, especially within the first year postimplantation. A significant proportion
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Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: The Last 30 Years of Trials and Tribulations. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-23 Kalimullah Jan, Ji Y Chong
The landscape of acute ischemic stroke management has undergone a substantial transformation over the past 3 decades, mirroring our enhanced comprehension of the pathology and progress in diagnostic techniques, therapeutic interventions, and preventive measures. The 1990s marked a pivotal moment in stroke care with the integration of intravenous thrombolytics. However, the most significant paradigm
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Subcutaneous Furosemide: A Novel to Euvolemia. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-23 Ryan Cheikhali, Chloe Kalish, Victoria Maksymiuk, Mohamed Nasereldin, Sameer Bahl, Willi H Frishman, Wilbert S Aronow, Stephen Pan
Furoscix, a subcutaneous pH-neutral formulation of furosemide, obtained US Food and Drug Administration approval in October 2022 for adult patients with New York Heart Association class II and class III chronic heart failure. This approval marks an anticipated potential shift in the traditional management of decongestive therapy in chronic heart failure patients from the confines of the hospital to
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Ultra-Early Hemostatic Therapy for Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: An Updated Review. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Michael Fortunato, Galadu Subah, Anish D Thomas, Bridget Nolan, Monica Mureb, Anaz Uddin, Kiran Upadhyay, Jonathan V Ogulnick, Nitesh Damodara, Colleen Bond, Chirag D Gandhi, Stephan A Mayer, Fawaz Al-Mufti
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common type of stroke, accounting for approximately 10-20% of all strokes, and is linked to severe neurological disability and death. Since the most accurate predictor of outcome in patients with ICH is hematoma volume, there is a great need for pharmacologic therapy that can reduce hematoma expansion and resultant mass effect and edema. This is especially
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The Option of Chronotherapy of Hypertension. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Steven G Chrysant
The aim of the present paper is to explore the option of chronotherapy of hypertension and its effectiveness in blood pressure (BP) lowering compared with its standard daily treatment. The treatment of BP has gone through many different schemes over the years. From no treatment in the early 1930s, to step care, to multiple drug combinations, or to single daily drug combinations with 2-3 drugs, still
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Fontan-Associated Liver Disease: A Review. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Gabriel Heering, Nachum Lebovics, Raksheeth Agarwal, William H Frishman, Edward Lebovics
Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) is a chronic complication of the Fontan procedure, a palliative surgery for patients with congenital heart disease that results in a single-ventricle circulation. The success of the Fontan procedure has led to a growing population of post-Fontan patients living well into adulthood. For this population, FALD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It encompasses
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Epicardial Adipose Tissue: A Precise Biomarker for Cardiovascular Risk, Metabolic Diseases, and Target for Therapeutic Interventions. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Aleksander Bogdański, Piotr Niziołek, Stanisław Kopeć, Małgorzata Moszak
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is located between the heart muscle and visceral pericardium, where it has direct contact with coronary blood vessels. Elevated thickness of this tissue can induce local inflammation affecting the myocardium and the underlying coronary arteries, contributing to various cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, or heart failure with
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Insulin's Legacy: A Century of Breakthroughs and Innovation. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Somar Hadid, Emily Zhang, William H Frishman, Erika Brutsaert
The clinical use of insulin to treat diabetes started just over 100 years ago. The past century has witnessed remarkable innovations in insulin therapy, evolving from animal organ extracts to bioengineered human insulins with ultra-rapid onset or prolonged action. Insulin delivery systems have also progressed to current automated insulin delivery systems. In this review, we discuss the history of insulin
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Striding Toward Cardiovascular Health: The Impact of Step Counts on Heart Wellness. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Anjali Goyal, William Frishman
In an era characterized by sedentary lifestyles, cardiovascular diseases pose a significant global health challenge. As preventive healthcare strategies evolve, this article explores the tangible and accessible metric of step counts and their implications for cardiovascular health. The review provides insights into potential benefits, challenges, and future directions in promoting physical activity
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Landiolol for Treating Arrhythmias: A State-of-The-Art Review. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Muhammad Ghallab, Mahmoud Samy Ahmed, Talia H Ostrow, Muhammad Haseeul Rasool, Zakaria Alagha, Daniel Miller, William H Frishman, Wilbert S Aronow, Daniel Frenkel
This article provides a state-of-the-art review on landiolol, a medication that was recently submitted for 7 approvals. Focusing on its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics, the analysis underscores landiolol's unique attributes compared to conventional beta-blockers, particularly esmolol. As a sympatholytic agent, landiolol exhibits a short half-life, high cardioselectivity, and minimal
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The Presence of Chronic Total Occlusion in Noninfarct-Related Arteries Is Associated With Higher Mortality and Worse Patient Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for STEMI: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Aman Goyal, Surabhi Maheshwari, Haania Shahbaz, Viraj Shah, Urooj Shamim, Abhigan Babu Shrestha, Samia Aziz Sulaiman, Pauras Mhatre, Amir Humza Sohail, Abu Baker Sheikh, Sourbha S Dani
Reperfusion therapy with percutaneous coronary intervention improves outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impact of chronic total occlusion (CTO) in noninfarct-related artery on the outcomes of these patients. Comprehensive searches were performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE. The primary endpoint was the 30-day mortality
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Harmonizing Hearts: Exploring the Impact of Music Therapy on Cardiovascular Health. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Bhargav Sai Nuthalapati, Debankur Dey, Bhupinder Singh, F N U Anamika, Sai Gautham Kanagala, Nikita Garg, Rohit Jain
Music therapy (MT) is a music intervention involving a credentialed professional and a client, which has gained increasing recognition in current practices as an adjunct therapy for various conditions, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). MT demonstrates notable physiological as well as psychological effects leading to lowered anxiety, depression, and systolic blood pressure in patients with CVDs
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Examining the Role of Cerebral Embolic Protection Devices in Preventing Postoperative Stroke in Patients with a History of Stroke or Transient Ischemic: Insights from the National Inpatient Sample. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Rupak Desai, Avilash Mondal, Nishanth Katukuri, Adhvithi Pingili, Vamsikalyan Borra, Parth R Nayak, Akhil Jain, Harshil Patel, Omar Qaqish, Ankit Vyas, Ashok Kondur
Cerebral embolic protection devices (CEPD) during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) have been shown to lower the risk of stroke during the procedure. However, their long-term and clinical effects on neuro-cognition are unknown. Therefore, we hypothesized the benefit of CEPD in TAVR patients with a prior history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). National Inpatient Sample (2019)
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Renal Congestion in Heart Failure: Insights in Novel Diagnostic Modalities. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Kyriakos Dimitriadis, Aikaterini Damianaki, Evanthia Bletsa, Nikolaos Pyrpyris, Panagiotis Tsioufis, Panagiotis Theofilis, Eirini Beneki, Fotis Tatakis, Alexandros Kasiakogias, Evangelos Oikonomou, Dimitrios Petras, Gerasimos Siasos, Konstantina Aggeli, Konstantinos Tsioufis
Heart failure is increasingly prevalent and is estimated to increase its burden in the following years. A well-reported comorbidity of heart failure is renal dysfunction, where predominantly changes in the patient's volume status, tubular necrosis or other mechanical and neurohormonal mechanisms seem to drive this impairment. Currently, there are established biomarkers evaluating the patient's clinical
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Considerations Regarding Management of Heart Failure in Older Adults. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan, Darren Mah, Wilbert S Aronow, Phillip H Lam, William H Frishman, Ali Ahmed, Prakash Deedwania
Understanding noncardiovascular comorbidities and geriatric syndromes in elderly patients with heart failure (HF) is important as the average age of the population increases. Healthcare professionals need to consider these complex dynamics when managing older adults with HF, especially those older than 80. A number of small studies have described associations between HF and major geriatric domains
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Lipoprotein(a): A Review of Risk Factors, Measurements, and Novel Treatment Modalities. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Avrohom Karp, Menachem Jacobs, Ben Barris, Alexander Labkowsky, William H Frishman
The study of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has long been a source of interest as a possible independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The results of large sample observational studies, genome-wide association studies, and Mendelian randomization studies have been strong indicators supporting the link between ASCVD and Lp(a) despite early studies, with less sensitive assays
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Acute Myocardial Infarction in Pregnancy. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Jitae A Kim, Sophie Y Kim, Hafeez Ul Hassan Virk, Mahboob Alam, Samin Sharma, Mark R Johnson, Chayakrit Krittanawong
Pregnancy-associated myocardial infarction is an overall uncommon event, but can be associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. In contrast to myocardial infarction in the general nonpregnant population, the mechanism of pregnancy-associated myocardial infarction is most commonly due to nonatherosclerotic mechanisms such as coronary dissection, vasospasm, or thromboembolism
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Pulmonary Artery Hypertension: Fifty Years Following Pneumonectomy in Infancy. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Matthew Seplowe, Ameesh Isath, Liana Michaud, William H Frishman, Avi Levine, Wilbert S Aronow, Gregg M Lanier
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) may be the result of many different pathological processes. PH is a rare but recognized vascular complication following major lung resection. We describe the diagnosis and management of moderate PH resulting more than 50 years in a patient who underwent a total unilateral pneumonectomy in infancy. Unfortunately, patients who undergo pneumonectomy will likely go on to develop
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COVID-19 and Pulmonary Hypertension: An Interesting Dynamic. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-24 Saam Foroshani, Michael Airo, Avi Levine, William H Frishman, Wilbert S Aronow, Gregg M Lanier
The dynamic between pulmonary hypertension (PH) and COVID-19 has been under investigation since 2020, early in the pandemic. Although the pathophysiology of PH has been well-studied, new discoveries regarding the multisystemic effects of COVID-19 are still being uncovered. The cardiopulmonary effects of COVID-19 have led investigators to inquire about the interplay between these 2 conditions. Several
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The Rising Use of E-Cigarettes: Unveiling the Health Risks and Controversies. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Parth Sheth, Fena Mehta, Gurusha Jangid, F N U Anamika, Bhupinder Singh, Sai Gautham Kanagala, Rohit Jain
The use of e-cigarettes has tremendously increased in recent times due to the widespread availability of e-cigarettes in diverse flavors, reduced cost compared to regular cigarettes, and misconception of being comparatively safe, which have led to around 2.55 million US middle and high school students smoking e-cigarettes. These devices use a nicotine-rich liquid, which is aerosolized electronically
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Zilebesiran: A Promising Antihypertensive Therapy Inhibiting Angiotensinogen Synthesis. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Rida S Khan, William H Frishman
Systemic hypertension is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases globally, with over one billion people affected. Despite the widespread use of numerous antihypertensive drugs, it is estimated that only a fifth of diagnosed patients achieve adequate blood pressure control. For this reason, the pursuit for novel antihypertensive therapies is ongoing. Zilebesiran, an siRNA designed to target
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Image and Clinical Characteristics of the Right Coronary Artery Originating From the Left Coronary Sinus: A Database Review. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Mingyuan Yuan, Jiani Zhang
This article systematically explores the imaging and clinical characteristics of a relatively rare cardiac anomaly: the right coronary artery originating from the left coronary sinus. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence, diagnostic methods, and potential clinical implications of this anatomical variation
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A Personalized Cell-Based Therapy for Ischemic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Safety and Feasibility Outcomes of the Roll-In Cohort of the CardiAMP Cell Therapy Trial and Review of Similar Trials. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Jared M Feldman, William H Frishman, Wilbert S Aronow
CardiAMP Cell Therapy for Heart Failure trial is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial that has been granted breakthrough designation by the United States Food and Drug Administration. This trial evaluates clinical outcomes of intramyocardial delivery of a high dose of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in chronic postmyocardial infarction heart failure patients
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Emerging Therapies for Treatment-Resistant Hypertension: A Review of Lorundrostat and Related Selective Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitors. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Jared M Feldman, William H Frishman, Wilbert S Aronow
The target-hypertension (Target-HTN) trial investigated the efficacy and safety of lorundrostat, an aldosterone synthase inhibitor, as an antihypertensive. Cohort 1 of the trial includes patients with suppressed plasma renin activity and elevated aldosterone levels. Lorundrostat doses of 100 mg and 50 mg daily significantly decreased systolic blood pressure compared to the placebo group. Cohort 2 also
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Safety and Efficacy of Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Leila Afshar Hezarkhani, Kazhal Veysi, Adibeh Rahmani, Nader Salari, Razie Hasheminezhad, Vahideh Nasr, Masoud Mohammadi
Neurological diseases, including ischemic stroke, are considered a big challenge for public health due to their high prevalence and lack of definitive and effective treatments. Addressing these issues requires innovative therapeutic approaches and among the limited methods available, stem cells have shown promise in improving central nervous system repair by enhancing myelin regeneration and neuronal
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Innovations in Aortic Valve Replacement: A Comprehensive Overview of the Intuity Rapid Deployment Valve. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Abdulaziz M Alaklabi, Saleha Abdul Rab, Belal N Sabbah, Ahmed Essam Maklad, Aleksander Dokollari, Jef Van den Eynde, Michel Pompeu Sa, Arian Arjomandi Rad, Muhammad Rauf Ahsan, Ali Fatehi Hassanabad
Rapid deployment/sutureless (RDS) valves have recently emerged as an innovative surgical solution, providing an alternative to traditional methods of surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) by eliminating the need for suture placement and tying. This innovation leads to a reduction in aortic crossclamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times, enhancing the efficiency of the procedure. Among the 2 available
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Titin: The Missing Link in Cardiac Physiology. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Jude ElSaygh, Anas Zaher, Stephen J Peterson, Manish A Parikh, William H Frishman
Titin, an extraordinary protein known for its colossal size and multifaceted roles, is a cornerstone in the structural and functional dynamics of striated muscle tissues, including the heart and skeletal muscles. Its sheer enormity, with a molecular weight exceeding 3000 kDa, is paralleled only by the immense influence it exerts on muscle physiology. This review will delve into the remarkable structural
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Heart Transplant Recipients and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibodies: Experience, Lessons Learnt, and Future Challenges. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Rohan Kapur, Kenji Okumura, Suguru Ohira, Ameesh Isath, Aditya Gandhi, Marina Keller, Rajat Nog, Alan Gass, David Spielvogel, Steven Lansman, Abhay Dhand
Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), including heart transplant (HT) recipients, infected with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at higher risk of hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, or death when compared with general population. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have reduced COVID-19-related mortality rates
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Education in United States Schools: Shortcomings and Future Directions. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Harris Z Whiteson, Matthew B Weiss, William H Frishman
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving procedure that is performed during a cardiac arrest. CPR consists of chest compressions, rescue breaths, and the usage of an automated external defibrillator (AED) based on availability. Performance of CPR can greatly increase the chances of survival by enabling the manual perfusion of vital organs in lieu of the heart's normal function. Despite extensive
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Postcardiac Injury Syndrome After Cardiac Surgery: An Evidence-Based Review. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Muhammad Hamza Tahir, Sidra Sohail, Daniyal Shahid, Iqbal Hussain, Jahanzeb Malik, Syeda Iqra, Maria Faraz
Postcardiac injury syndrome (PCIS) serves as a comprehensive term encompassing a spectrum of conditions, namely postpericardiotomy syndrome, postmyocardial infarction (MI) related pericarditis (Dressler syndrome), and post-traumatic pericarditis stemming from procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention or cardiac implantable electronic device placement. These conditions collectively give rise
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Evaluating the Efficacy of Interatrial Shunt Devices in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Mohamed Riad Abouzid, Karim Ali
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a prevalent and challenging condition with limited therapeutic options. This meta-analysis aims to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of interatrial shunt devices (IASD) in the treatment of HFpEF, focusing on key hemodynamic parameters and clinical outcomes. Six clinical trials, encompassing 324 patients, were included in this analysis
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Milvexian: A Focus on a New Oral Anticoagulant that Targets Factor XIa for Thromboembolism Prophylaxis. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Joseph Birchansky, William H Frishman
Drugs that target factor XI and/or XIa have been evaluated as alternatives to existing anticoagulants, in light of studies that indicate that a decrease in Factor XI/XIa levels or activity may result in a lower risk of thrombosis without a significant increase in bleeding risk. Milvexian is an investigational small-molecule factor XIa inhibitor that has recently completed phase 2 clinical trials. Preclinical
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Management of Hypertension in Patients With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Mini-Review. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Amin Liaghatdar, Sadegh Mazaheri-Tehrani, Mohammad Fakhrolmobasheri
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common problem among young women. It is characterized mainly by hyperandrogenism features, such as hirsutism, menstrual problems, and anovulation. Diagnosis is based on the existence of 2 items out of, oligo-ovulation, hyperandrogenism features, and ultrasounds findings. Cardiovascular complications such as hypertension are a prevalent serious condition in these
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Transvenous Compared With Leadless Pacemakers: A meta-analysis comparing TP versus LP. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Shady Habboush, Ahmed Elmoursi, Ahmed F Gadelmawla, Amr T Masoud, Mohamed Khalil, Hesham Sheashaa, Nooraldin Merza, Ahmed T Massoud
This study aims to compare the effectiveness of leadless pacemakers (LPs) and transvenous pacemakers and to examine the safety of both methods. We included patients undergoing single-chamber pacemaker implantation, either LP or TVP. Our outcomes were successful implantation rate, major complication, vascular injury, tamponade, and pneumothorax. We performed a double-arm analysis comparing LP versus
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Low-Carbohydrate/Ketogenic Diet and Coronary Artery Disease: A Brief Review of the Limited Evidence Between Them. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Josef Kusayev, David Weininger, William H Frishman, Wilbert S Aronow
Nowadays there is a lot of interest among the general population regarding the ketogenic diet (KD) and its health benefits. Most people following this diet have a reduced intake of carbohydrates which gets replaced by calories coming from fat and protein. Even though KD has shown some limited health benefits, there is no consensus on long-term effects and cardiovascular safety profile, especially the
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Pharmacological Update and Emerging Treatments of Pulmonary Hypertension. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Shazli Khan, Sukhbir Randhawa, Haris Patail, Yaakov Spira, William H Frishman, Wilbert S Aronow, Gregg M Lanier
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined as elevated pressures in the pulmonary artery and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization classifies PH into 5 distinct groups based on underlying etiology, pathology, and modality of treatment. Therapeutic approach may be challenging due to the extensive spectrum of causes and underlying mechanisms mediating PH. The
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Pitavastatin in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in People Living with HIV: A Review. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Harris Z Whiteson, Maddison Drogy, Grant Eickel, William H Frishman
HIV is associated with a wide array of pathophysiologic mechanisms that ultimately contribute to mortality. While HIV is traditionally known as a disease that attacks the immune system, it is now established that infection with HIV can cause cardiovascular disease (CVD). Through inflammation, atherogenesis, interactions with antiretroviral therapy/highly-active antiretroviral therapy (ART/HAART), and
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New Oral PCSK9 Inhibitor: "MK-0616". Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Zoya Siddiqui, William Frishman
MK-0616, a novel oral macrocyclic peptide inhibitor of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), represents a significant advancement in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Unlike current PCSK9 inhibitors, which are injectable monoclonal antibodies and siRNA molecules, MK-0616 offers a patient-friendly alternative. The development of MK-0616 involved innovative synthetic chemistry and
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Prognostic Implication of Preprocedural Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Mahmood Emami Meybodi, Atefe Bamarinejad, Fateme Bamarinejad, Amir Parsa Abhari, Mohammad Fakhrolmobasheri, Fareheh Khosravi Larijani, Shidrokh Nasiri, Davood Shafie
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common comorbidity in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) who are candidates for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Herein, we sought to elucidate the prognostic value of preprocedural PH on the early and late mortality after TAVI. The Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and ProQuest were screened using a predefined search query. We
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The Impact of Long COVID-19 on the Cardiovascular System. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Matthew W McMaster, Subo Dey, Tzvi Fishkin, Andy Wang, William H Frishman, Wilbert S Aronow
Long coronavirus disease (COVID) is the development or persistence of symptoms after an acute SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection. Fewer patients are developing acute COVID-19 infections, but patients with long COVID continue to have alarming long-term sequelae. Many cardiac magnetic resonance imaging studies show significant changes in cardiac structure after a COVID-19 infection, suggestive of an increased
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Endocardial Fibroelastosis: A Comprehensive Review. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Maryam Barkhordarian, Atefeh Ghorbanzadeh, William H Frishman, Wilbert S Aronow
Endocardial fibroelastosis emerged as a challenging clinical phenomenon in the 1940s. It is characterized by an atypical proliferation of fibrous and elastic tissue within the heart and is primarily observed in childhood, occasionally displaying familial inheritance. While the precise cause remains elusive, various factors, including genetic, infectious, metabolic, autoimmune, oncologic, and medication-related
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Thrombotic and Vascular Complications of Oral Contraceptives. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Stephen Windisch, William H Frishman
The oral contraceptive pill is the most commonly used form of reversible contraception, as it has significantly grown in popularity in recent years. The 2 types of oral contraceptive pills are combination oral contraceptives, which contain estrogen and progesterone, and progestin-only pills. Both have failure rates of approximately 7.2-9% with typical use and are safe for most patients. However, several
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Exploring the Intricate Interplay Between Obesity and Atrial Fibrillation: Mechanisms, Management, and Clinical Implications. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Swati Chand, Jay Patel, Ashish Tripathi, Sangharsha Thapa, William H Frishman, Wilbert S Aronow
Atrial fibrillation (AF) stands as a prevalent and escalating cardiac arrhythmia in the United States, with obesity emerging as a prominent modifiable risk factor. This article explores the intricate relationship between obesity and AF, delving into the multifaceted pathophysiological mechanisms linking the 2 conditions. Various factors, such as autonomic dysfunction, left atrial stretch, inflammation
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Cardiovascular Challenges Beyond Earth: Investigating the Impact of Space Travel on Astronauts' Cardiovascular Health. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Ramsha Mahmood, Tanveer Shaik, Inder P Kaur, Vasu Gupta, Ayesha Shaik, Fnu Anamika, Nikita Garg, Rohit Jain
In the coming decades, as humanity aims to establish a presence on Mars, there is a growing significance in comprehending, monitoring, and controlling the diverse health challenges arising from space exploration. The extended exposure to microgravity during space missions leads to various physical alterations in astronauts, such as shifts in bodily fluids, reduced plasma volume, loss of bone density
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Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of Clinical Manifestations, Cardiac Complications and Medical Management. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Maya Pandit, William H Frishman
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to widespread research on associated clinical syndromes. While pediatric patients were initially deemed as a low-risk population for severe COVID-related disease, an increasing number of case reports have revealed a rare but potentially life-threatening syndrome, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). MIS-C is hypothesized to be due to hyperactivation
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Sacubitril-Valsartan (LCZ696) in the Treatment of Systemic Hypertension: An Updated Review of Neprilysin Inhibition Combined with Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Miriam E Katz, William H Frishman, Wilbert S Aronow
Sacubitril-valsartan (LCZ696) has been demonstrated to be a highly effective treatment for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction since its Food and Drug Administration approval in 2015, and a growing body of evidence suggests its emergence as a hypertensive medication. It acts as an inhibitor of both neprilysin and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, approaching the control of a multi-faceted
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The Role of Palliative Care in Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 John Arthur McClung, William H Frishman, Wilbert S Aronow
The American Heart Association has recommended that palliative care be integrated into the care of all patients with advanced cardiac illnesses. Notwithstanding, the number of patients receiving specialist palliative intervention worldwide remains extremely small. This review examines the nature of palliative care and what is known about its delivery to patients with cardiac illness. Most of the published
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Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Evidence-Based Practice. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Phan Quang Thuan, Pham Tran Viet Chuong, Nguyen Hoai Nam, Nguyen Hoang Dinh
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery remains a pivotal cornerstone, offering established symptomatic alleviation and prognostic advantages for patients grappling with complex multivessel and left main coronary artery diseases. Despite the lucid guidance laid out by contemporary guidelines regarding the choice between CABG and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), a notable hesitation persists
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Coronary Stent Infection: A Systematic Review of Literature. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Syed Ahmed Salahuddin Ayyubi, Ayesha Rehman, Laveeza Fatima, Muhammad Ahmed, Mahboob Ur Rehman, Rabia Zameer, Jahanzeb Malik
Coronary stent infection is a rare yet serious complication of coronary artery stenting, with potentially significant morbidity and mortality. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively assess the available evidence on the diagnosis, management, and outcomes of coronary stent infection. A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, was
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Factor XI/XIa Inhibitors: A New Approach to Anticoagulation. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Harris Z Whiteson, William H Frishman
For more than 60 years, anticoagulation drugs have served as a mainstay in preserving and improving the cardiovascular health of patients across the globe. Functioning to reduce a patient's ability to produce blood clots, prescription rates for anticoagulants have been steadily rising year-over-year both in the United States and abroad. Despite decades of clinical usage, modern-day anticoagulants have
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Impact of Body Mass Index on Cardiac Arrest Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Wangmin Xie, Jie Zhou, Huifei Zhou
The influence of an individual's body mass index (BMI) on cardiac arrest outcomes remains uncertain. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of BMI categories (underweight, normal BMI, overweight, and obese) on mortality and neurological outcomes in patients experiencing cardiac arrest. We comprehensively searched standard electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus) for relevant observational
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PCSK9 Inhibitors-A New Hope for Dyslipidemia in HIV. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-29 Sanjana Datla, Sundeep Kumar
Cardiovascular disease has become increasingly prevalent in the HIV population. Antiretroviral therapy and HIV itself independently increase the risk of dyslipidemia. While statins are currently the predominant therapy to treat dyslipidemia in HIV patients, drug-drug interactions and adverse drug events can limit their use. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors have shown promising
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Beyond Glycemic Control: Mechanistic Insights Into SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure Management. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-29 Shreya Garg, Sai Gautham Kanagala, Fnu Anamika, Kinna Parikh, Harmanjit Kaur, Nikita Garg, Rohit Jain
Heart failure is a common and clinically significant cardiac condition that causes significant morbidity and mortality in the United States. Diabetes and hypertension are 2 of the most common comorbidities associated with heart failure. Other risk factors for heart failure include smoking, obesity, and intrinsic cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction and valvular pathologies. All of these conditions
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Botulinum Toxin: A Potential Cardiovascular Agent? Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-27 Lauren E Williams, William H Frishman
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is a toxin with a wide repertoire of well-known applications in cosmetics and medicine, such as treating migraine headaches, spasticity, and achalasia, and it has generally been shown to be safe and well-tolerated. In addition to its current successes in clinical practice, studies have also demonstrated the potential of BoNT to be used as a therapeutic agent for many cardiovascular
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Pegozafermin Is a Potential Master Therapeutic Regulator in Metabolic Disorders: A Review. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-27 Nadian N Bailey, Stephen J Peterson, Manish A Parikh, Kaedrea A Jackson, William H Frishman
Pegozafermin (PGZ), a novel glycopegylated version of human fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), has demonstrated potential for addressing metabolic comorbidities, including severe hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity. FGF21 is a naturally occurring peptide hormone primarily produced by the liver, with a half-life of 0.5 to 2 hours. It can influence
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Cardiovascular Manifestations of Hemochromatosis: A Review of Pathophysiology, Mechanisms, and Treatment Options. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Shamim Ahmed, Stephen J Peterson, Manish A Parikh, William H Frishman
Hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder characterized by excessive absorption and accumulation of iron in the body. It is one of the most common inherited disorders. The excess iron deposition can cause damage to various organs, including the liver, heart, pancreas, and joints. If left untreated, hemochromatosis can lead to serious complications such as cirrhosis, diabetes, heart failure, and increased
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Aortic Valve Replacement and Repair With or Without Concomitant Ascending Aorta Replacement: Impact on Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Chen Zhang, Sundas Butt, Hadi Kashif, Clarissa Rowe, Amer Harky, Mohamed Zeinah
Aortic valve surgery is a common procedure used to treat significant aortic valve stenosis or insufficiency. Some of these patients have coexisting pathology affecting the ascending aorta requiring ascending aorta replacement (AAR). Although the outcomes of these procedures are independently positive, it is proposed that concomitant AAR improves outcomes and minimizes the chances of future ascending
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Comprehensive Evaluation of Cancer Treatment-Related Cardiac Dysfunction by Ultrasound Myocardial Strain: A Network Meta-Analysis. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Minghui Dong, Dandan Sun, Jing Li, Yuzhu Zhang, Xingyu Fang, Mingyang Liu, Chang Su, Mingyan Ding, Fang Zhu
Anticancer treatment regimens are effective but may lead to cardiac dysfunction. The meaning of this statement is that myocardial strain can be a good indicator of cancer treatment-related cardiac dysfunction. We used Bayesian network meta-analysis to compare and rank these regimens to comprehensively evaluate their influence on the heart. We searched multiple databases to identify relevant studies
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Artificial Intelligence in the Prevention and Detection of Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiol. Rev. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Harris Z Whiteson, William H Frishman
For more than 60 years, artificial intelligence (AI) has served as a mainstay in augmenting and assisting the lives of individuals across a wide array of interests and professional fields. Functioning to create deep computer simulations, analyze data, solve problems, and synthesize human behavior/emotion, AI has recently become a topic of popular interest in many fields of medicine. Despite decades