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Mitigation for a Murderer American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2024-03-15
Abstract In this paper the role of a sociologist/criminologist as a mitigation expert in a case of double murder is examined. The defendant was a young black male defendant. The victims were his 8-month pregnant girlfriend and their unborn child. The defendant was born into terrible social circumstances; including five generations of violence; sexual abuse; incarcerated; and neglect. The circumstances
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The Deleterious Health Consequences of COVID in United States Prisons American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Xiaohan Mei, Melissa A. Kowalski, Leah Reddy, Ciara McGlynn, Mary K. Stohr, Craig Hemmens, Jiayu Li
By January 2024, the COVID-19 pandemic claimed more than 1.1 million deaths in the United States (U.S.). People in prison are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 as they have no ability to socially distance, secure masks, disinfect their environment or have as much access to tests or vaccinations as is available in the community. In addition, many of these individuals reside in crowded conditions with
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Veterans Treatment Courts during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Examination of Adaptations and Best Practices for Continuing Operation American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Caroline I. Jalain, Melissa J. Stacer
The purpose of this research is to investigate Veterans Treatment Courts’ (VTCs) operation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since March of 2020, there have been efforts to transition to a virtual world to guarantee criminal defendants their rights in court during this public health crisis. While many courts had to adapt to the changing conditions due to COVID-19, little is known about what these changes
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Examining the Association Between Citizenship and Ethnicity on Identity Theft Risk: Findings from the National Crime Victimization Survey American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Cooper A. Maher
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Empirical Examination of Factors that Influence Official Decisions in Criminal Cases Against Police Officers American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Francis D. Boateng, Daniel K. Pryce, Michael K. Dzordzormenyoh, Ming-Li Hsieh, Alan Cuff
In the current paper, we examine departmental and court decision-making in criminal cases against police officers. The study has two objectives: 1) to examine variables that impact departmental decisions in criminal cases against police officers, and 2) to examine factors that affect case disposition/conviction decisions by the courts. To achieve these objectives, we analyzed nationally representative
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COVID-19’s Effect on Crisis Intervention Team Calls for Service in Houston American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Kyler R. Nielson, Yan Zhang
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Does Procedural Justice Moderate the Effect of Collective Efficacy on Police Legitimacy? American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Yongjae Nam, Chris Melde
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Incarcerated Veterans and their Adaptation to Prison American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Melissa J. Stacer, Monica Solinas-Saunders
In 2016, an estimated 107,400 veterans were incarcerated in the U.S. (Maruschak et al., 2021), comprising part of the population known as “justice-involved veterans,” veterans involved in the criminal justice system. The current study explores the influence military training had on the way justice-involved veterans “do time” in prison. In sharp contrast to the misconduct literature, which utilizes
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Sometimes they Come Back: Recidivism and the Adult Imprisonment of Formerly Incarcerated Serious And Violent Juvenile Offenders American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Chad R. Trulson, Jessica M. Craig, Jonathan W. Caudill, Matt DeLisi
This study examines the adult imprisonment outcomes of a cohort of serious and violent juvenile offenders released from Texas state juvenile correctional facilities during their transition from adolescence to early adulthood. We distinguish incarceration in the adult prison system as resulting from a new offense or as the result of a revocation for a technical supervision violation. Of the sample (n = 709)
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Democratic Policing, Building Trust, and Willingness to Call 911: Examining the Relationship between Law Enforcement Legitimacy and Calling the Police American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-12-02 Kyle McLean, Bryan Lee Miller, Andrew Pyle, Olivia Bauwens
Recent debates over policing have centered on the proper role of policing in society. Using the lenses of democratic policing and police legitimacy, we suggest that individuals’ willingness to call the police is one method for understanding the public’s consent to be policed and their view of the appropriate role of policing. This simple relationship is further complicated by differential relationships
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Assessing Individual Level Predictors of Intermediate Outcomes in a Misdemeanor Diversion Drug Court American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-11-23 Elizabeth N. Hartsell, Jodi Lane
We sought to understand the individual level predictors of intermediate outcomes in a diversion drug court. Outcomes included acceptance to drug court, sanction(s), incentives(s), drug test results, and graduation. Because much of the prior literature on individual level predictors of these outcomes is mixed, drug courts can benefit from analysis of their own data to understand what factors are important
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When Your School is in a ‘Rough’ Neighborhood: What Can Shield Youth from Crime and Delinquency? American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 Anastasiia Timmer, Rachel Lautenschlager, Olena Antonaccio, Ekaterina V. Botchkovar, Lorine A. Hughes
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Leaders’ Understanding of Evidence-Based Practices: A Survey of Police Chiefs and Probation/Parole Chiefs American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 Bitna Kim, Daniel Lee
Immense pressure is being put on criminal justice agencies to adopt and implement evidence-based practices (EBP). Empirical evidence highlights the need for leadership support to make agencies more evidence-based. The current study is an empirical examination of how criminal justice leaders understand EBP and its correlates or predictors in the domains of agency characteristics, individual characteristics
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The Impact of COVID-19 on Crime: a Systematic Review American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 C. M. Hoeboer, W. M. Kitselaar, J. F. Henrich, E. J. Miedzobrodzka, B. Wohlstetter, E. Giebels, G. Meynen, E. W. Kruisbergen, M. Kempes, M. Olff, C. H. de Kogel
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Are Schools in Prison Worth It? The Effects and Economic Returns of Prison Education American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-10-21 Ben Stickle, Steven Sprick Schuster
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Race and Rationality Revisited: an Empirical Examination of Differential Travel Patterns to Acquire Drugs Across Geographic Contexts American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-10-19 Jascha Wagner, Ellen A. Donnelly, Andrew C. Gray, Chenesia Brown, Cresean Hughes, Daniel O’Connell, Tammy L. Anderson
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Policing The Drinking Community: An Exploration of Community Alcohol Norms and Driving Under the Influence Enforcement (1985-2014) American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-10-20 Richard J. Stringer
Policing of driving under the influence (DUI) has varied widely over both time and place in the U.S. While some limited research has explored informal social norms and spatial variation in DUI enforcement, none have examined this phenomenon longitudinally. This is particularly important since public opinion about DUI and its enforcement has changed since the 1980’s. Thus, this project examines how
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Understanding Abuse, Mental Health, and Substance Use: The Role of Victimization in a Jail Population American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 M. A. Kowalski, M. Campagna, E. M. Wright, R. Spohn
The role of victimization in criminal behavior has been researched previously, particularly in justice-involved youth and prison samples. The contribution of such adversity in jail samples is less articulated. The current study examines the effect of physical abuse, sexual abuse, and polyvictimization (physical and sexual abuse) on behavioral health and substance use outcomes in a sample of individuals
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“We Are People Who Kill…Murder Machines” An Empirical Study of Lifetime Inmate Homicide among Capital Defendants American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-10-03 Matt DeLisi, H. Daniel Butler, Molly Minkler, Jonathan W. Caudill, Chad R. Trulson
Inmate murder is a grave threat to institutional safety in correctional settings, unfortunately relatively little prior research has studied it. The current study analyzed data from 636 capital murderers sentenced to death in California of whom 6% had murdered other inmates during their confinement career. Bivariate analyses found that inmate murderers had more extensive and violent offending histories
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Crime and Features of the Built Environment Predicting Risk of Fatal Overdose: A Comparison of Rural and Urban Ohio Counties with Risk Terrain Modeling American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-09-16 Keith R. Chichester, Grant Drawve, Michelle Sisson, Alejandro Giménez-Santana, Brandi McCleskey, Burel R. Goodin, Sylvie Mrug, Jeffery T. Walker, Karen L. Cropsey
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Examining Law Enforcement Agencies’ Responses to the Addition of Animal Cruelty to NIBRS American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Mary Lou Randour, Anabel Kearley, Mikaila Wireman
In 2014, Federal Bureau of Investigation director James Comey approved the addition of animal cruelty to Group A of the National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS), which is categorized into Group A and Group B offenses (Federal Bureau of Investigation [FBI], 2016). In 2016, participating NIBRS states began collecting animal cruelty data. The rationale for the addition of animal cruelty crimes
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Perceived Rehabilitation Across Types of Justice-Involved Individuals: An Experiment American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-09-09 Caitlin M. Brady, Amanda Graham
In the era of increasing support for rehabilitation, an often-overlooked question is how the public recognizes when someone is rehabilitated. The current study uses experimentally designed case files (n = 2,178) in an online opt-in survey to tap into which types of justice-involved individuals are more likely to be considered as being rehabilitated by the public. Furthermore, we examine the robustness
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Deciphering the Relationship Between Extracurricular Activities and Delinquency Among Teenage Youth American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Wyatt Brown, Brian G. Sellers, Matthew Caines
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There’s No Place Like Home: Importance of Housing Stability for Reentry American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-09-02 Beverly Reece, Tanja Link
Research suggests a number of barriers to successful reentry for justice-involved individuals, even after a short period of detention in jail. The challenges are well-documented, with housing being one of the most salient needs returning citizens face (Lutze et al., 2014; O’Brien, 2001; Roman and Travis, 2004). Estimates of housing instability and homelessness vary widely (Metraux & Culhane, 2006;
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The Influence of Community Disadvantage and Opioid Pill Prescriptions on Overdose Deaths in American Counties American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-08-28 Leanne M. Confer, Danielle Kuhl, John H. Boman
The aim of the current study is to examine factors related to opioid overdose deaths within the framework of social disorganization theory. We identify county-level factors related to overdose deaths among a series of measures related to economic (unemployment, health insurance coverage, and poverty) and socio-structural (prescribed opioid pills, racial heterogeneity, drug arrest rate, county rurality
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Development and Evaluation of the Trauma Bonding Scale for Adults© in the Context of Sex Trafficking American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-08-04 Joan A. Reid
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The Impact of COVID-19 on Sentencing Practices American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-08-03 Jordan Zvonkovich, Matthew Kleiman, Rhys Hester, C. Clare Strange
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Differentiating Insider and Outsider Cyberattacks on Businesses American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Thomas E. Dearden, Katalin Parti, James Hawdon, Randy Gainey, Tancy Vandecar-Burdin, Jay Albanese
The use of information and communication technologies in business has opened several new ways for employees to commit cybercrimes against their employers. Utilizing opportunity theory, the current paper investigates the characteristics of businesses victimized by employee-committed cyberattacks and compares insider- and outsider-committed cybercrime in terms of the damage they cause to the business
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Student-Athlete Male-Perpetrated Sexual Assault Against Men: Racial Disparities in Perceptions of Culpability and Punitiveness American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-07-27 Ráchael A. Powers, Vanessa Centelles, Javon Williams
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What About the kids? A Multimethod Approach to Understanding Law Enforcement Policies Pertaining to the Arrest of Children in Florida American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Abigail Novak, Vitoria De Francisco Lopes
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Faculty Mentoring: Experiences with and Considerations for a College-Based Model American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Ashley G. Blackburn
This article focuses on models of faculty mentoring and how these have been implemented at the college-level. As most mentoring, especially of tenure-track faculty members, occurs at the university-, department-, or program-level, there are special considerations for mentoring programs at the college-level where one must consider the interdisciplinary nature of mentorship. Experiences from a recently
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Direct and Indirect Effects of Parental Influence on the Relation Between Violent Offending and Mental Health Problems American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-07-24 Jihoon Kim, Lindsay Leban, Yeungjeom Lee, Jessica Craig
Research has suggested that involvement in offending can contribute to subsequent mental health problems, although the processes through which offending influences adverse mental health remain unclear. Recognizing the need to evaluate intervening factors in this relationship, we focus on the potential mediating role of parenting in the link between offending and mental health problems. Drawing on a
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Comparing the Risk Factors of Youth Detained for Running Away or Commercial Sexual Exploitation to more Serious Youth Offenders American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-07-22 Calli M. Cain
Commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) of minors is a major social justice concern in the U.S. and youth who run away from their home or placement are at an increased risk of experiencing CSE. Runaway youth have higher rates of prior victimization, substance abuse, depression, suicidal behavior, and problems at school compared to youth who do not run away. When youth run away repeatedly, youth may end
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“A Panel of Good ol’ Boys”: Women Navigating the Police Promotions Process American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-07-20 Natalie Todak
Women are significantly underrepresented among police supervisors, middle managers, and leaders in the United States. To investigate this problem, the current study examines challenges faced by women officers as they pursue promotions. Narrative data from 226 women who earned promotions in U.S. policing are analyzed using a content analysis of responses to an open-ended survey question. Emergent themes
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The Only Thing Constant is Change: Temporal Analyses of Racial/Ethnic Sentencing Disparities American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-03-30 Bryan Holmes, Ben Feldmeyer
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Race and the Sanctioning of Misdemeanor Defendants American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-02-10 Patrick Moricette, Lisa Stolzenberg, Stewart J. D’Alessio
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“How Do You Knit Together Two Parts of a Single Life Lived Decades Apart?”: Reentry Planning of Juvenile Lifers American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2023-01-05 Melanie Taylor
Those sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole as juveniles were recently granted opportunities for release when the Supreme Court ruled that they must be retroactively reprocessed. This is a population that was never expected to be released from prison, resulting in minimal reentry programming and treatment. Now that many are preparing for release it is unclear if they are ready
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Long-Term Health and Economic Consequences Associated with Being Processed Through the Criminal Justice System for Males American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-12-26 Dzhansarayeva Rima, Maral Akbolatova, Tlepbergenov Orynbasar, Jangabulova Arailym, Kevin M. Beaver
There has been a great deal of scholarship examining the outcomes associated with being processed through the criminal justice system. Much of this research has focused on legal outcomes, such as recidivism, but research has also centered on extralegal outcomes, including measures of health and economics. The current study added to this body of research by examining whether contact with the criminal
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Translational Criminology, Politics, and Promising Practices American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-12-24 Thomas G. Blomberg, Jennifer E. Copp, John Thrasher
Over the last two decades, there has been growing momentum behind efforts to produce policy-related research that is both rigorous and theoretically informed. Yet despite broad disciplinary support for translational criminology and its attendant effects on bridging the gap between criminological research and practice, the movement has faced a number of challenges. Some of these have arisen within the
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From Causal Mechanisms to Policy Mechanisms: Why Did Crime Decline and What Lessons Can Be Learned from It? American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-12-22 John K. Roman
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Research Training for Criminal Justice Reform American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-12-20 Natasha A. Frost
Who is going to do the work of criminal justice reform? Recognizing the capacity limits of even the most reform-minded academic criminologists, this article argues that widespread research training is crucial to the future of criminal justice reform efforts. To influence criminal justice reform in the short-term, and to bring about the systemic change in criminal justice in the long-term, we should
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How to Think about Criminal Justice Reform: Conceptual and Practical Considerations American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-12-20 Charis E. Kubrin, Rebecca Tublitz
How can we improve the effectiveness of criminal justice reform efforts? Effective reform hinges on shared understandings of what the problem is and shared visions of what success looks like. But consensus is hard to come by, and there has long been a distinction between “policy talk” or how problems are defined and solutions are promoted, and “policy action” or the design and adoption of certain policies
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Reflections on Criminal Justice Reform: Challenges and Opportunities American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-12-17 Pamela K. Lattimore
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Forecasting and Criminal Justice Policy and Practice American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-12-17 William J. Sabol, Miranda L. Baumann
We address the organization of criminal justice forecasting and implications for its use in criminal justice policymaking. We argue that the use of forecasting is relatively widespread in criminal justice agency settings, but it is used primarily to inform decision-making and practice rather than to formulate and test new policy proposals. Using predictive policing and prison population forecasting
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COVID, Crime & Criminal Justice: Affirming the Call for System Reform Research American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-12-16 McKenzie L. Jossie, Alfred Blumstein, J. Mitchell Miller
Early into the COVID-19 pandemic, Miller & Blumstein (2020) outlined a theoretical research program (TRP) oriented around themes of contagion control and containment, legal amnesty, system leniency, nonenforcement, and tele-justice. Here, two and a half years later, these lingering themes are revisited to advocate for empirical research informing criminal justice system reform. The pandemic created
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Public Opinion and Criminal Justice Reform American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-12-17 Kevin Drakulich
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Owning Police Reform: The Path Forward for Practitioners and Researchers American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-12-15 Robin S. Engel, Gabrielle T. Isaza, Hannah D. McManus
The integration of evidence-based policy into criminal justice reform – and into police reform specifically – is a daunting but necessary endeavor. In this essay, we examine police reform, including a review of the literature, which is summarized and guided by our experiences and thoughts into a broad conceptual framework for what we believe is needed to realize true change in the policing profession
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Escaping the Sisyphean Trap: Systemic Criminal Justice System Reform American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-12-14 Daniel P. Mears
When calls for reforming criminal justice arise, they frequently target particular—rather than systems-level—problems. This approach can be effective when only a few such problems exist. But it risks worsening rather than improving crime and justice by ignoring many other problems, including system-level issues that undermine efforts to promote safety and justice and to do so cost-efficiently. At the
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Religion and Rehabilitation as Moral Reform: Conceptualization and Preliminary Evidence American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-12-14 Sung Joon Jang, Byron R. Johnson
We examine how religion contributes to rehabilitation, which we conceptualize as moral reform and operationalize in terms of self-identity, existential belief, and character. We hypothesize that religion contributes to identity transformation, a sense of meaning and purpose in life, and virtue development. We also hypothesize that faith-based rehabilitation reduces negative emotions and the risk of
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Criminal Justice Reform and Inequality American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-12-14 Sara Wakefield
The criminal legal system is a “stratifying institution” insofar as it reflects inequalities by selecting already marginalized people into the system, worsens existing inequalities via a host of criminal punishment and conditions of confinement mechanisms, and creates new inequalities through patterns of isolation for formerly incarcerated people and spillover effects for those close to them. Because
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Special Issue: Criminal Justice Reform Guest Editor's Introduction. American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-12-07 Daniel P Mears
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Birds of a Feather Get High Together: A Reconceptualization of the Social Bond with Latent Class Analysis and a Test with Different Forms of Drug Use American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-11-22 Jacob H. Erickson
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Organizational and Coalition Strategies for Youth Violence Prevention: A Longitudinal Mixed-Methods Study American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-11-17 Douglas D. Perkins, Nikolay L. Mihaylov, Kimberly D. Bess
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Understanding Romance Scammers Through the Lens of Their Victims: Qualitative Modeling of Risk and Protective Factors in the Online Context American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-11-16 Fangzhou Wang, Volkan Topalli
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Marijuana Enforcement since Drug Policy Reform: An Exploration of Officer Discretion in Six States American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-11-16 J. Mitchell Miller, Wesley G. Jennings, Brenda Vose, Holly Ventura Miller, Bryan L. Miller, Ben Stickle, Stephanie M. Koskinen, McKenzie L. Jossie
Marijuana enforcement remains a major point of entry to the criminal justice system despite broad state level reforms. The knowledge base on marijuana enforcement, however, is small and predates the current national decriminalization-legalization movement and is comprised almost entirely of survey data on officer attitudes regarding drug law, policy, and strategy, generally, rather than marijuana specifically
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Prescription Opioid Resiliency and Vulnerability: A Mixed-Methods Comparative Case Study American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-11-14 Andy Hochstetler, David J. Peters, Shannon M. Monnat
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Marijuana Legalization and U.S. Postal Inspection Service Seizures: An Exploration of Black Market Activity American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-11-12 John L. Worrall, Sungil Han, Merin Sanil Mannumood
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Federal Cocaine Sentences Before and After Passage of the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010 American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-11-10 Makeela J. Wells
Passage of the Fair Sentencing Act (FSA) in 2010 reduced the 100-to-1 powder-crack cocaine quantity ratio to 18-to-1 to lessen the disparity between powder and crack cocaine sentences. Prior to FSA, individuals sentenced for 5 g of crack cocaine received similar sentences to those sentenced for 500 g of powder cocaine. The current study examined federal cocaine sentences both before and after the FSA
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Changes in Online Illegal Drug Buying during COVID-19: Assessing Effects due to a Changing Market or Changes in Strain using a Longitudinal Sample Design American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-11-11 James Hawdon, Katalin Parti, Thomas Dearden
This research uses longitudinal data to investigate if illegal online drug purchases changed over time during the COVID-19 pandemic, and if these changes were primarily driven by users adjusting to market conditions or by a heightened level of pandemic-induced strain that could drive a greater demand for drugs. Data were collected across four waves between fall 2019 and fall 2021 using an online survey
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Waiting for the Stop Sign to Turn Green: Contemporary Issues on Drug and Alcohol Impaired Driving Policy American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 6.037) Pub Date : 2022-11-10 Richard J. Stringer