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The Development of an ‘Incidental’ Form of Aquaculture During the Late Old Kingdom? Cattle as ‘Marshland Modifiers’ of the Nilotic Marshes and Their Potential Impact upon Old Kingdom Fishing Behaviors Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2024-01-22 John Burn
During the latter half of the Old Kingdom, Egypt experienced irregular water supply. Lower than normal inundations resulted in nutrients normally lost from the river remaining within it. Over the same time, unusually strong rainfall events occurred, transferring even more nutrients into the river. These excess nutrients changed the ecology, affecting the local environment. These changes may have influenced
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L’épithète de culte comme indice de datation. À quel moment les inscriptions hiéroglyphiques ont-elles qualifié Ptolémée IX de « dieu Sôter » ? Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Mounir Habachy
This article aims to study the appearance of the cult epithet “theos Soter” on the hieroglyphic monuments dating back to the second reign of Ptolemy IX. It highlights the problems that Egyptians encountered while translating such an epithet from Greek theos Soter to Egyptian pꜢ nṯr nty nḥm. As shown by the Demotic documents covering several years, this did not happen at once. This study offers a new
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A Provincial Community of the Late Dynasty 6. A Preliminary Case Study Based on P. 10500 A and B Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Jérémie Florès
This paper presents the community registered in papyrus Berlin P. 10500 A–B, also known as the “Sharuna Papyrus.” It points out the presence of both men and women in the different accounts. People are also socially differentiated based on their titles and personal names (including their classifiers). Results demonstrate that the community from the “Sharuna Papyrus” resembles other groups of people
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What’s in a Name: The Personification of the Royal Name Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Ahmed Hamden
Determining the visual metaphors of aesthetic and religious distinctions between the regular royal titulary names and their personified aspects is the fundamental goal of this paper. The study deals with different metaphorical compositions of religious elements in ancient Egypt such as kingship, royal imperialism, and political and religious ideology.
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Can Tomb Terminology Be Used as a Criterion for Dating the Pyramid Texts? Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2023-06-23 Brendan Hainline
Scholars have long recognized that some Pyramid Text utterances display signs of age that indicate a pre-monumental history of use. Two utterances in particular, PT 355 and PT 662, have been dated by scholars as early as the Pre- or Early Dynastic, based on lines interpreted as describing a pre-pyramidal royal tomb-form (a mudbrick mastaba or a sand grave). This article evaluates the assumptions upon
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The Memphite Sacerdotal Decree of 161 BCE (Plates I–V) Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2023-06-23 Maxim Panov, Eddy Lanciers
The present article deals with a little-known sacerdotal decree composed under Ptolemy VI Philometor in 161 BCE and includes a new hieroglyphic copy, a translation, and a commentary. The document is the most recent of the preserved Ptolemaic priestly decrees. It is of particular historical interest because it provides information on coronation ceremonies for Ptolemy VI in Memphis, an event not mentioned
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The Overseer of Linen (jmj-r sšrw) in the Old Kingdom Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2023-06-23 Raúl Sánchez-Casado, Jónatan Ortiz-García
This paper focuses on the figure of the overseer of linen (jmj-r sšrw) during the chronological period of the Old Kingdom. By choosing a wide selection of sources, we have undertaken the reconstruction of the main features that defined this title, looking in-depth at the specific roles associated with it and the contexts in which they were exercised. The nature of the sources has meant that we have
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Carrying Inundation Blessings: A Discussion of Pilgrim Flask Amulets in Ancient Egypt Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2022-12-22 Loretta Kilroe
Pilgrim flasks were a ceramic form that first appeared in Egypt in the Eighteenth Dynasty. A small quantity of faience amulets in the shape of pilgrim flasks are known in several museum collections, but have not been studied in detail. The amulets are standardized in material and shape and, based on the limited contextual information, likely reflect a specific aspect of local belief, especially since
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The Causes of the Emergence of Provincial Elites with Inscribed Monuments in the Late Old Kingdom: Case Studies and Methodology Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2022-12-22 Émilie Martinet
The causes and processes that have led to the sudden rise of the provincial elites who had the wherewithal to commission inscribed monuments, especially from the end of the Fifth Dynasty (c.2350 BCE), remain poorly understood. This paper aims to highlight some of the main factors involved in this process, using specific case studies and a global and comparative approach. The results indicate greater
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Hierarchy, Religion and Race: Nineteenth Century Philology and the Search for the Origins of the Egyptian Language Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2022-12-22 Katherine E. Davis
During the nineteenth century, early Egyptologists were still in the first stages of understanding Egyptian grammar, while at the same time comparative philologists were attempting to reconstruct the historical origins of languages and peoples. These two disciplines intersected and produced various models that situated the Egyptian language into broader world histories. This article explores how early
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Riverbank Marketplaces in Ptolemaic Egypt Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2022-12-22 Aneta Skalec
This article examines Ptolemaic papyrological sources (Demotic and Greek) indicating the existence of marketplaces located next to the river during this period, which have so far been completely overlooked in the discussion on Egyptian markets. It focuses particularly on the location of marketplaces and their relation to settlements and the markets’ setting – whether they were surrounded by farmland
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Bolesław Prus’s Pharaoh(s) – Two Literary Visions of the Human Condition and Our Fascination with Ancient Egypt Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2022-09-16 Joanna Popielska-Grzybowska, Leszek Zinkow
This paper discusses two publications and two “pharaohs” (fictitious protagonists) in the historical and Egyptological context of a short story and a novel by Polish writer Aleksander Głowacki (a.k.a. Bolesław Prus). It looks at the observations of a writer fascinated by the dramas of powerful, extraordinary people and visions of a civilization that were firmly embedded in Poland and the whole of Europe
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Reevaluating the Role of Inter-Polity Boundaries (tꜢšw) in Middle and New Kingdom Egypt Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2022-09-16 Oren Siegel
Chains of frontier fortresses and the presence of boundary stelae have understandably encouraged scholars to emphasize parallels between Pharaonic political boundaries and contemporary political borders. However, ancient Egyptian territoriality and conceptions of political boundaries differed in several key ways. First, Pharaonic boundaries were not defined by their permeability, but rather their capacity
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Tutankhamun and Eastern Civilization: Víctor Mercante and the Beginnings of Egyptology in Argentina Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2022-09-16 Leila Salem
Even one hundred years after the discovery of Tutankhamun’s tomb, its repercussions can still be felt. In this paper we analyze the book entitled Tut-Ankh-Amon y la Civilización de Oriente (1928) by Víctor Mercante, who travelled to Egypt in 1923. This is the first book about Tutankhamun ever written in Spanish. In it, Carter’s discovery is revealed to the reader and an Aegean thesis is proposed so
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Was There Ever an Egyptian Empire in the Northern Levant? Debunking the Egyptological Myth of Dynasty 18 Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2022-09-16 Federico Zangani
This article sets out to debunk the Egyptological myth of Dynasty 18 as a successful imperial power through an evidence-based reconsideration of the local histories of five Syrian cities – Qadesh, Ugarit, Tunip, Qatna, and Niya. A combined analysis of Egyptian and cuneiform sources, including the recently published Hurro-Akkadian documents from Qatna, clearly indicates a progressive failure of the
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The Identities of the Second Intermediate Period Dynasties in Egypt Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-12-17 Bieke Mahieu
The composition of and the relationship between the Second Intermediate Period dynasties are still unclear. The present study proposes that Egypt is united during the first half of Dynasty 13 but divided following Merneferra Ay. The Middle Kingdom wꜥrwt system is applied to this division: late Dynasty 13 rules the District of the South (centered at Itjtawy), Dynasty 15 rules the District of the North
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A New Family to the ANOC Groups: A Study of Stelae CG 20077 and CG 20098 Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-12-17 Pablo M. Rosell
The Middle Kingdom stelae found at Abydos are some of the most important sources of information to analyze and reconstruct Egyptian society. This article aims at providing a study and translation of two Middle Kingdom stelae that are preserved in the Grand Egyptian Museum in Giza and in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. They are stela CG 20077, which belongs to an individual called Nemtu, and stela CG
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On the Question of the Continuity of Saite Traditions in Dynasty 30 (Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum E.5.1909; Brooklyn, Brooklyn Museum 56.152) Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-12-17 Galina Alexandrovna Belova
When W.M. Flinders Petrie excavated the Palace of Apries he uncovered a limestone block with inscriptions on both sides. This block was published in 1909 and is now kept in the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge. Bernard Bothmer first compared the Cambridge block to another one kept in the Brooklyn Museum. He emphasized that they correspond closely and that the representations differ only minutely. After
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Pauline Hopkins’ Literary Egyptology Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-12-17 Vanessa Davies
Author Pauline Hopkins produced work in a variety of genres: short stories, novels, a musical, a primer of facts. Like other African Americans of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, she engaged with the history of the Nile Valley before the discipline of Egyptology was firmly established in the sphere of higher education in the US. Her serialized novel Of One Blood, published in 1902 and
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The Vizier Ankhu and the Dual Vizierate in the Late Middle Kingdom Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-12-17 Alexander Ilin-Tomich
The conjecture that the vizier Ankhu’s centre of life lay in Thebes has been expressed by previous scholars. This paper reviews the available evidence, complemented by a new reading of stela Cairo CG 20102 and the accounts of the smaller manuscript of pBoulaq 18. Taken together, the data suggests that Ankhu, his father, and his sons, all holding the office of the vizier, had their seat in Thebes. Given
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Civilizing the Past: Egyptian Irrigation in the Colonial Imagination Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-07-08 Brendan Haug
Reviews of the historiography of irrigation regularly single out Karl August Wittfogel’s “hydraulic hypothesis” as a uniquely deleterious contribution to the study of ancient water management. His errors notwithstanding, this article argues that the ideological misshaping of Western scholarship on irrigation instead emerged from Egypt’s long colonial experience. First articulated in the Napoleonic
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From Wng to Καιέχως – a Possible Explanation for the Cartouche Name KꜢ-kꜢ.w? Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-07-08 Christoffer Theis
So far, it has not been possible to equate the name KꜢ-kꜢ.w of the second king Horus Rꜥ-nb(=i) of the Second Dynasty, written in a cartouche during the Ramesside Period, with a name attested at the time of this dynasty. Taking into account the theory advanced by Jochem Kahl that Horus Rꜥ-nb(=i) is the same ruler as Wng, it is possible to develop a sequence in Hieratic script which leads from Wng to
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Name Rings Associated with the “Royal Kiosk Icon” in the Theban Tombs during the Eighteenth Dynasty Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-07-08 Laura Peirce
The name rings depicted in the Theban tombs dating to the Eighteenth Dynasty are similar to those found on monumental topographical lists, though they seem to belong to a completely different motif: the Nine Bows. The Nine Bows are a list of nine lands considered to be the “enemies of Egypt,” a list that can be seen to fluctuate over time in parallel to the socio-political context. This article covers
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The Riddle of the Tachat Family Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-07-08 Dana Bělohoubková
At the end of the Eighteenth and beginning of the Nineteenth Dynasty, several attestations of women named Tachat with the title wr.t ḫnr n jmn are possible to observe. These women all had a family background associated with service in the temple, mainly with the cult of Amun. This article brings these women together, and shows that the line of holders of this post in the Amun temple could imply the
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Ancient Egypt and the Near East in World History Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Marc Van De Mieroop
Ancient Egypt and the Near East are central to many histories that aim to look at the world in its entirety, mostly because they are the earliest cultures that are well-documented both with textual and material evidence. This article surveys how these studies use that evidence in the various ways the discipline of world or global history is practiced. Those include chronological narratives of human
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Ancient Egyptian Urbanism in a Comparative, Global Context Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Michael E. Smith
For more than 50 years, archaeologists have debated whether or not Egypt was a “civilization without cities.” The publication of Nadine Moeller’s book, The Archaeology of Urbanism in Ancient Egypt: From the Predynastic Period to the End of the Middle Kingdom, provides the opportunity to reconsider this issue, using a more complete record of the relevant archaeological finds. I present a new, flexible
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Appropriation and Its Consequences: Archaeology under Colonial Rule in Egypt and India Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Shereen Ratnagar
The beginnings of archaeology in Egypt and in India are the subject of this paper. In both countries, antiquities were carried away by the powerful. Moreover, the hubris of the colonial powers ruling both countries made it inevitable that not only antiquities, but knowledge about the past, were appropriated in different ways. For modern Egyptians, the Pharaonic past was remote in culture and distant
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Eastern Africa and the Early Indian Ocean: Understanding Mobility in a Globalising World Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Mark Horton, Nicole Boivin, Alison Crowther
This paper situates Eastern Africa in the early maritime trade of the Indian Ocean, reviewing evidence for connections from Egypt and Red Sea, the Gulf, and Southeast Asia from prehistory to the Islamic Period. The region played a pivotal role in developing global networks, but we argue that it has become the “forgotten south” in an era of emerging empires. One reason for this is a lack of understanding
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Egyptology and Global History: Between Geocultural Power and the Crisis of Humanities Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Juan Carlos Moreno García
Globalization, the decline of Western hegemony, and the rise of new political and economic actors, particularly in East Asia, are concomitant with the emergence of more encompassing historical perspectives, attentive to the achievements and historical trajectories of other regions of the world. Global history provides thus a new framework to understanding our past that challenges former views based
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Eurasia and Ancient Egypt in the Fourth Millennium BCE Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Svend Hansen
This article focuses on technical innovations, new interregional networks, and social upheavals in the fourth millennium BCE. Similar trends in the iconography of the lion, the heraldic animal of power, can be observed in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Caucasus. This indicates that a process of concentration of power in the hands of strong rulers or kings took place relatively synchronously in these regions
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From Tenochtitlán to Punt: When People Encounter the Distant and Unknown, a Cognitive Approach Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Gianluca Miniaci
This article aims to analyse the behavioural response generated by people who came into contact with civilisations and places whose existence was previously unknown or only remotely registered in their collective knowledge. Three major cases have been taken into consideration: a.) the “discovery” of America during the sixteenth century CE when Europeans entered in contact with Aztecs, Cakchiquels,
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Linear Statecraft along the Nile: Landscapes and the Political Phenomenology of Ancient Egypt Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Monica L. Smith
States in archaeological and historical parlance generally are large and dynamic entities with continually fluctuating borders and boundaries across large land masses. States also are characterized by multiple nodes of settlement and multiple regions of resource availability within those large land masses, including agricultural fields, animal pastures, raw materials, and labor power. The northeastern
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Machiavellian Masculinities: Historicizing and Contextualizing the “Civilizing Process” in Ancient Egypt Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Ellen Morris
To judge from wisdom literature and artistic production, the ideal man in pharaonic Egypt was as polite and even-tempered as he was well groomed. This article examines the evidence for warrior burials from periods when the state was decentralized or relatively weak and argues that conceptions of manhood in fact oscillated between an irenic ideal and a more violent counterpart. Drawing upon comparative
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Techniques for Egyptian Eyes: Diplomacy and the Transmission of Cosmetic Practices between Egypt and Kerma Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Carl Walsh
This article examines the context and distribution of Egyptian eye cosmetic equipment, kohl pots and sticks, found at Classic Kerma (c. 1650–1550 BCE) sites in Upper Nubia in modern-day Sudan. It is argued that these cosmetic assemblages, which included the body techniques, etiquettes, and embodied experiences involved in its application, display, and removal, were forms of courtly habitus adopted
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What Made a Peasantry: Theory and Historiography of Rural Labor in Byzantine Egypt Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Paolo Tedesco
Modern discussions of rural labor in Byzantine Egypt (300–700 CE) have been bedevilled by disagreement over the definition of that concept. There are three main competing conceptualizations: (i) Rural labor has been defined in terms of serfdom as a parallel outcome to the emergence of “private” (or feudal) large landowners as opposed to the decline of “public powers”; (ii) Rural labor has been described
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Global History in Egyptology: Framing Resilient Shores Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Gianluca Miniaci
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Reflections on How Ancient Egyptian Comparative History is Done: from Microhistory to Cliodynamics Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-02-16 John Baines
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Egyptology and Global History: An Introduction Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Juan Carlos Moreno García
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The Social Network(s) of the Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period Treasurers: Rehuerdjersen, Siese, Ikhernefret and Senebsumai Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2019-12-03 Danijela Stefanović
Studies on the ancient Egyptian administrative system(s) are usually based on analysis of the institutions and officials attached to them. The present paper focuses on the social settings of the four Middle Kingdom / Second Intermediate Period highest ranking officials, i.e., treasurers. Starting with the traditional methodological approach, which focuses on collecting the prosopographic data, this
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Un(der)employment in Bronze Age Egypt: Anachronism or Insight? Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2019-12-03 David A. Warburton
Based on the productivity of ancient Egyptian agriculture, a discussion of economic theory, per capita GDP, economic growth, and agrarian economies through history, this paper tries to isolate the relative roles of land, labor, and grain in the economy of Ancient Egypt. There is little room for full employment in an agrarian economy; in Bronze Age Egypt the labor of a small fraction of the population
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Merenptah und Amenmesse: Entwurf einer alternativen Chronologie Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2019-04-29 Michael Bányai
Die Frage nach der chronologischen Position von Amenmesse innerhalb der späten 19. Dynastie ist ungeachtet aller Versuche einer Klärung weiterhin eine stark debattierte Angelegenheit geblieben. Man konnte von bisher zwei grundsätzlichen Lösungsansätzen Amenmesse zu unterbringen, sprechen. Der vorliegende Artikel möchte, angesichts der vom Autor festgestellten Schwierigkeiten der bisherigen Versuche
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Ramsès XI, le premier prophète d’Amon et l’ascension de Piankh à Thèbes pendant l’Aire de la Renaissance Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2019-04-29 Jean-Christophe Antoine
An analysis of P. Geneva D191, P. BM EA 75019+10302, P. Penn 49.11, and P. Turin 2097+2105 leads to a new interpretation on the political events at Thebes during the Renaissance Era. Ramesses XI played a major role in the restoration of order with the help of Libyan troops. He decreed the Renaissance Era with the will of restoring control in the South. Nesamun, at the death of his brother Amenhotep
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Some Observations on Name Rings: towards a Typology Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2019-04-29 Laura Peirce
Research to date on name rings, which form a singular component of topographical lists, has primarily focused on the toponyms enclosed in the rings and their subsequent relevance to military campaigns. This article aims to explore another valuable facet of this phenomenon. It details the results of an investigation into the development of the iconography of the personages attached to these name rings
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Ethnic Identities in Ancient Egypt and the Identity of Egyptology: Towards a “Trans-Egyptology” Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2018-10-08 Thomas Schneider
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De-colonizing the Historiography and Archaeology of Ancient Egypt and Nubia. Part 1. Scientific Racism Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2018-10-08 Uroš Matić
The process of epistemological de-colonization of the historiography and archaeology of ancient Egypt and Nubia has begun unfolding only in the last two decades. It is still set in the context of descriptive disciplinary history with little reflection on and criticism of background theories and methods. As a consequence, some of the old approaches and concepts live on in the discipline. Utilizing the
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Discerning Ancient Identity: The Case of Aashyet’s Sarcophagus (JE 47267) Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2018-10-08 Kate Liszka
Aashyet’s sarcophagus (JE 47267) offers a unique case for understanding how the intersection of a person’s identities, such as ethnicity, gender, age, or religion, is portrayed on a funerary object within the historic and religious circumstances of a specific context. Aashyet’s sarcophagus portrays her as a wealthy, elite priestess, and the head-of-household, while being a Nubian who celebrated her
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Elusive “Libyans”: Identities, Lifestyles and Mobile Populations in NE Africa (late 4th–early 2nd millennium BCE) Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2018-10-08 Juan Carlos Moreno García
The term “Libyan” encompasses, in fact, a variety of peoples and lifestyles living not only in the regions west of the Nile Valley, but also inside Egypt itself, particularly in Middle Egypt and the Western Delta. This situation is reminiscent of the use of other “ethnic” labels, such as “Nubian,” heavily connoted with notions such as ethnic homogeneity, separation of populations across borders, and
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Entangled in Orientalism: How the Hyksos Became a Race Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2018-10-08 Danielle Candelora
This paper presents a historiographical critique of Hyksos scholarship and the impact of Imperialism and Orientalism on the foundations of such studies. I trace the creation and maintenance of the misconception of the Hyksos as a race through the scholarship, examining the context and influences behind the research, and discuss the appeal of new scientific techniques for the question of Hyksos origins
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Ethnicity: Constructions of Self and Other in Ancient Egypt Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2018-10-08 Stuart Tyson Smith
The construction of ethnic self and other played a central role in ancient Egyptian ideology as well as at a more quotidian level. Ethnic groups are usually seen as self-defined, distinctive entities, often corresponding neatly to political or cultural units, but in reality, expressions of ethnic identity are mutable and socially contingent. Adopting a multi-scalar approach informed by practice theory
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Ethnicity in Ancient Egypt: An Introduction to Key Issues Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2018-10-08 Juan Carlos Moreno García
The study of ethnicity in the ancient world has known a complete renewal in recent times, at several levels, from the themes studied to the perspectives of analysis and the models elaborated by archaeologists, anthropologists, sociologists and historians. Far from traditional approaches more interested in detecting and characterizing particular ethnic groups (“Libyans,” “Medjay”) and social organizations
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“Execration” of Nubians in Avaris? A Case of Mistaken Ethnic Identity and Hidden Archaeological Theory Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2018-10-08 Uroš Matić
Two pits (L1016 and L1055) from the early New Kingdom cemetery in areas H/I and H/III at ʿEzbet Helmi, Tell el-Dabʿa (ancient Avaris), have long been identified as remains of execration rituals in which Nubians were killed. In this paper I will argue that nothing in these two pits suggests execration of Nubians. The racial attribution of the individuals found in these pits can be questioned on both
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Hyksos Research in Egyptology and Egypt’s Public Imagination: A Brief Assessment of Fifty Years of Assessments Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2018-10-08 Thomas Schneider
This contribution will look at the impact that the discovery of the site of Tell el-Dabʿa (Avaris), the capital of the Hyksos, has had on the discipline of Egyptology—in other words, to assess in what ways the disciplinary and public narrative about the Hyksos Period has (or has not) changed as a consequence of the discovery of Avaris. It will become clear that the cultural specifics of Avaris and
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Official Identity and Ethnicity: Comparing Ptolemaic and Early Roman Egypt Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2018-10-08 Christelle Fischer-Bovet
The study of ancient states brings a historical perspective to the creation of official identities. By looking at legal and fiscal documents preserved on papyri from Hellenistic and Early Roman Egypt (323 BCE to c. 70 CE), this study compares how the Ptolemies and then the Romans established official identities, that is, what priorities they gave to occupation, social status, citizenship, and/or ethnicity
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Integration of Foreigners in Egypt: The Relief of Amenhotep ii Shooting Arrows at a Copper Ingot and Related Scenes Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2017-11-17 Javier Giménez
The relief of Amenhotep ii shooting arrows at a copper ingot target has often been considered as propaganda of the king’s extraordinary strength and vigour. However, this work proposes that the scene took on additional layers of significance and had different ritual functions such as regenerating the health of the king, and ensuring the eternal victory of Egypt over foreign enemies and the victory
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The Order of the Kushite Kings According to Sources from the Eastern Desert and Thebes. Or: Shabataka was here first! Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2017-11-17 Claus Jurman
The correct order of the first two kings of the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty has been the subject of a growing debate since Michael Bányai proposed a revision of the traditional chronological model in 2013. By placing Shabataka before Shabaka Bányai challenged the commonly accepted view according to which it was Shabaka who established the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty and secured Kushite control over all of Egypt
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Agents of Construction: Ancient Egyptian Rock Inscriptions as Tools of Site Formation and Modern Functional Parallels Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2017-11-17 Marina Wilding Brown
This new analysis of the interaction between graffiti and their physical context examines the functionality of rock inscriptions for the ancient Egyptians and finds that the annexation and redefinition of the landscape was a key factor motivating the production of rock art and rock inscriptions spanning the Egyptian Predynastic and Dynastic Periods. Casting off the modern, negative, connotations of
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A New Astronomically Based Chronological Model for the Egyptian Old Kingdom Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2017-11-17 Rita Gautschy, Michael E. Habicht, Francesco M. Galassi, Daniela Rutica, Frank J. Rühli, Rainer Hannig
A recently discovered inscription on an ancient Egyptian ointment jar mentions the heliacal rising of Sirius. In the time of the early Pharaohs, this specific astronomical event marked the beginning of the Egyptian New Year and originally the annual return of the Nile flood, making it of great ritual importance. Since the Egyptian civil calendar of 365 days permanently shifted one day in four years
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Beiträge zur Geschichte der Dritten Zwischenzeit Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2017-04-11 Karl Jansen-Winkeln
In this short Beiträge three points relevant to the history of the Third Intermediate Period are presented. 1. The genealogical data of the family of the army scribe Nespaqashuty written on a fragmentary block statue from Karnak have hitherto been misunderstood. The owner of the statue is not Nespaqashuty ii, who lived in the time of Siamun, but a grandson of Amenemone i. The statue may have been dedicated
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The Satrap Stela: A Middle Ground Approach Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2017-04-11 Gilles Gorre
This article explores the relevance of the Middle Ground theory for the study of relationships between the Egyptian priesthood and the Macedonian kings. This concept will then be applied to the interpretation of one document in particular, the Satrap Stela. It suggests that the Middle Ground concept allows the identification of the Persian ruler mentioned in the document as Xerxes, Great King of the
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The Servants of Khonsu in Thebes Neferhotep and its Hierarchy of ḥm-nṯr Priests during the Twenty-First Dynasty Journal of Egyptian History Pub Date : 2017-04-11 Alba María Villar Gómez
Considered as the legitimate son and heir of Amun, Khonsu gained importance during the Ramesside Period in parallel with the birth of the Renaissance doctrine. This prominence is reflected in the biographical and genealogical information, which documents a substantial increase in the number of individuals performing administrative and religious functions for the different forms of Khonsu by the Twenty-First