-
Cyber scares and prophylactic policies: Cross-national evidence on the effect of cyberattacks on public support for surveillance Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Amelia C Arsenault, Sarah E Kreps, Keren LG Snider, Daphna Canetti
While conventional terrorism has long been associated with enhanced support for surveillance, scholars have not determined whether variation in the type and outcome of terror attacks, including those emanating from cyberspace, influences public support for these policies. Further, existing studies typically examine public opinion in a single country, thereby failing to investigate cross-national trends
-
Women, political violence and economics Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Mario Ferrero
The participation of women in armed insurgencies calls into question a widespread belief that women are inherently more peace loving than men on account of their hard-wired caring disposition. To explain why women engage in political violence, existing research either ignores the fundamental collective action problem involved because of motivations focused on the value of the cause, or looks for selective
-
Introducing the Lynching in Latin America (LYLA) dataset Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Enzo Nussio, Govinda Clayton
This article introduces the Lynching in Latin America (LYLA) dataset. Lynching is a surprisingly prevalent form of collective violence, but the systematic study of this phenomenon has previously been hampered by a lack of cross-national event data. The LYLA data covers reported lynching incidents across Latin America between 2010 and 2019. In total, it includes 2818 lynching events in 18 countries
-
Disaggregated defense spending: Introduction to data Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Jordan Becker, Seth Benson, J Paul Dunne, Edmund Malesky
Theoretical and empirical research on causes and consequences of defense spending is plentiful. Most of this research uses ‘top line’ defense spending data, either as a share of GDP or as a raw monetary figure. Empirical research has been limited, however, by the ‘blunt’ nature of this data, which does not help to explain what countries are spending on. We introduce a dataset that provides information
-
Cyber-enabled influence operations as a ‘center of gravity’ in cyberconflict: The example of Russian foreign interference in the 2016 US federal election Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Jelena Vićić, Erik Gartzke
Russia’s cyber-enabled influence operations (CEIO) have garnered significant public, academic and policy interest. 126 million Americans were reportedly exposed to Russia’s efforts to influence the 2016 US election on Facebook. Indeed, to the extent that such efforts shape political outcomes, they may prove far more consequential than other, more flamboyant forms of cyber conflict. Importantly, CEIOs
-
Allies and diffusion of state military cybercapacity Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Nadiya Kostyuk
Understanding the diffusion of military capabilities is a central issue in international relations. Despite this, only a few works attempt to explain this phenomenon, focusing on threats. This article explains why threats alone cannot account for cybercapacity-development diffusion and introduces a more consistent explanation: the role of alliances. Allies with cybercapacity help partner-countries
-
The effects of state presence on the mental mapping of security: Evidence from an experiment in Kashmir Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Yelena Biberman, Christopher B Mann
What is the relationship between governance and security? What impact, if any, does state presence have on civilians’ perceptions of security in militarized conflict zones? The existing literature suggests that government control over a restive region means order and security for the local population. We propose a ‘mental mapping’ framework for the relationship between state presence and security perceptions
-
Election violence prevention during democratic transitions: A field experiment with youth and police in Liberia Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Lindsey Pruett, Alex Dyzenhaus, Sabrina Karim, Dao Freeman
During highly uncertain, post-conflict elections, police officers and youth-wing party activists often engage in low-intensity electoral violence, which cannot be readily explained by national-level, institutional, elite-level strategic incentives for violence. Responding to calls to examine ‘non-strategic’ election violence, this article examines both the key actors most likely to perpetrate violence
-
How cyber operations can reduce escalation pressures: Evidence from an experimental wargame study Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Benjamin Jensen, Brandon Valeriano, Sam Whitt
Cyber operations ranging from deception and espionage to disruption and high-end degradation have become a central feature of modern statecraft in the digital age, yet we lack a clear understanding of how decision-makers employ and respond to cyber operations in times of crisis. Our research provides theoretical mechanisms and empirical evidence for understanding how decision-makers react to cyber
-
How the process of discovering cyberattacks biases our understanding of cybersecurity Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Harry Oppenheimer
Social scientists do not directly study cyberattacks; they draw inferences from attack reports that are public and visible. Like human rights violations or war casualties, there are missing cyberattacks that researchers have not observed. The existing approach is to either ignore missing data and assume they do not exist or argue that reported attacks accurately represent the missing events. This article
-
The gendered risks of defending rights in armed conflict: Evidence from Colombia Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Kiran Stallone, Julia Margaret Zulver
This article uses the case of Colombia to evaluate the gendered risks of social leadership and human rights activism in territories governed by armed groups. Existing data on Colombian human rights and social leader deaths reveals that men leaders are being killed at a much higher rate than women social leaders. In this article, we delve deeper into gendered patterns of violence against men and women
-
Who spies on whom? Unravelling the puzzle of state-sponsored cyber economic espionage Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 William Akoto
Traditional conceptions of state-sponsored cyber economic espionage suggest that countries with different product profiles should experience high levels of espionage between them. However, this is not what we observe empirically. Incidence of economic espionage tends to be prevalent between countries with similar product and manufacturing profiles. This suggests that we may be missing critical parts
-
Gendering hawkishness in the war room: Evidence from Pakistani politicians Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Fahd Humayun
Can representation in foreign policy deliberations – in particular, increased female representation – impact deliberators’ support for interstate conflict resolution? While existing work on gender representation in IR suggests that increased female representation should moderate intragroup hawkishness, making conflict resolution more viable, I offer empirical evidence that qualifies this idea, based
-
Civil war mediation in the shadow of IGOs: The path to comprehensive peace agreements Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Johannes Karreth, Jaroslav Tir, Jason Quinn, Madhav Joshi
Recent research shows that comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs) are effective in ending civil wars and improving post-conflict conditions, but CPAs emerge in only a fraction of civil wars. This study provides systematic evidence about the origins of CPAs and the role of international actors in facilitating their signing. We argue that mediation is more likely to be successful and that CPAs are more
-
If it bleeps it leads? Media coverage on cyber conflict and misperception Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Christos Makridis, Lennart Maschmeyer, Max Smeets
What determines media coverage on cyber conflict (CC)? Media bias fostering misperception is a well-established problem in conflict reporting. Because of the secrecy and complexity surrounding cyber operations (COs), where most data moreover come from marketing publications by private sector firms, this problem is likely to be especially pronounced in reporting on cyber threats. Because media reporting
-
Cyber and contentious politics: Evidence from the US radical environmental movement Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Thomas Zeitzoff, Grace Gold
Much of the focus of cyber conflict has been on interstate conflict. This article focuses on two interrelated questions in the important but neglected area of cyber contentious politics. First, how does the public feel about the use of different eco tactics including cyber-based tactics carried out by activists involved in the radical environmental movement, a movement that uses protest and sabotage
-
Cyberattacks and public opinion – The effect of uncertainty in guiding preferences Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Eric Jardine, Nathaniel Porter, Ryan Shandler
When it comes to cybersecurity incidents – public opinion matters. But how do voters form opinions in the aftermath of cyberattacks that are shrouded in ambiguity? How do people account for the uncertainty inherent in cyberspace to forge preferences following attacks? This article seeks to answer these questions by introducing an uncertainty threshold mechanism predicting the level of attributional
-
Controlling a moving world: Territorial control, displacement and the spread of civilian targeting in Iraq Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Sigrid Weber
How do armed actors respond to population movements during civil wars? I argue that displacement alters local balances of control between territorial rulers and challengers. Local territorial rulers have incentives to govern violently if displaced persons perceived as members of opposing loyalty groups move into their territories and challengers spoil local governance by inflicting harm on civilians
-
Human rights violations and public support for sanctions Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Barış Arı, Burak Sonmez
Public pressure to take punitive action against human rights violators is often a driving force behind international sanctions. However, we know little about the way in which public support is shaped by varying types of abuse, the costs and effectiveness of sanctions and the differential harm they inflict upon the target population and leadership. Our study specifically addresses this gap by unpicking
-
Introduction: Cyber-conflict – Moving from speculation to investigation Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Ryan Shandler, Daphna Canetti
Investigating cyber conflict is enormously difficult. The domain is complex, quality data are sparse, international affairs are shrouded in secrecy, and despite its seeming ubiquity, cyber power has only recently entered the battlefield. In the face of these challenges, we must rise to meet the challenges of cybersecurity research by deploying creative methods that collect verifiable and probatory
-
Abducted by hackers: Using the case of Bletchley Park to construct a theory of intelligence performance that generalizes to cybersecurity Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Jon R Lindsay
Most cyber intrusions are a form of intelligence rather than warfare, but intelligence remains undertheorized in international relations (IR). This article develops a theory of intelligence performance at the operational level, which is where technology is most likely to affect broader political and military outcomes. It uses the pragmatic method of abduction to bootstrap general theory from the historical
-
Public opinion on trading with the enemy: Trade’s effects on the risk of war Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Celeste Beesley, Eliza Riley Oak
While studies show that the public disapproves of trade with adversaries, political discourse has historically used security rhetoric to both justify and oppose trade with threatening states. Does emphasizing the potential of trade to exacerbate or mitigate security risks sway public opinion? Is public opinion malleable regardless of the level of threat? These questions become increasingly important
-
The women and men that make peace: Introducing the Mediating Individuals (M-IND) dataset Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Joakim Kreutz, Magda Lorena Cárdenas
This article presents new data on the individuals who mediate (M-IND) in all active UCDP dyads and lethal MIDs, 1989–2019. The dataset contributes to the systematic study of conflict management in several important respects: it covers both international and internal conflicts, it covers low-intensity violence, and it provides information on individual mediators, who appointed them, and type of mediation
-
Until consensus: Introducing the International Cyber Expression dataset Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Justin Key Canfil
Extant scholarship has until now relied on informal-theoretic, case study, and interpretative methods to assess patterns of norm development in cyberspace. Ideally, these accounts would be complemented with more systematic cross-national and longitudinal empirical evidence. To address this gap, this article introduces the International Cyber Expression Dataset. The dataset includes a corpus of more
-
Bias and balance in civil war mediation Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-05-03 Elizabeth J Menninga
This article identifies a mechanism through which multiparty mediation – mediation with multiple active third parties – has positive effects on civil war resolution. Balanced mediation efforts – th...
-
Leader or lackey? Understanding the United Nations Secretary-General’s role in conflict diplomacy Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-05-03 Lonjezo Peter Mpinganjira Frank
Is the United Nations (UN) Secretary-General (SG) an independent actor in conflict diplomacy, or are his political interventions influenced by the parochial interests of the UN Security Council (UN...
-
Quotidian crime, wartime violence and public goods preferences: Evidence from Liberia Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-05-03 Sarah Berens, Sabrina Karim
Much of the literature on victimization looks at the effect of organized violence (OV) on civilian perceptions and behaviour. Yet citizens in countries experience quotidian crime (QC) on a daily ba...
-
The composition of UN peacekeeping operations and aid worker security Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-05-02 Andrew Levin
Do United Nations peacekeeping operations improve the security of humanitarian aid workers during conflict? Answering this question is important given the critical assistance that humanitarian pers...
-
Asymmetric burden-sharing and the restraining and deterrence effects of alliances Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 Yukari Iwanami
Alliances are often presumed to serve the dual purpose of restraint and deterrence, though few existing studies examine their relationship and the connection with defense burden-sharing. This resea...
-
Introducing the One-Party Membership Dataset: A dataset on party membership in autocracies Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 Fabio Angiolillo
Recent literature on autocracies focuses on elite politics to study ruling party stability. I focus on the lowest level of the ruling party structure, party members, to introduce new data on party-...
-
Just business? Moral condemnation and virtuous violence in the American and Russian mass publics Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 Caleb Pomeroy, Brian C Rathbun
More often than not, violence between states in the field of international relations is understood in instrumental terms. States are thought to act purposively in the pursuit of some tangible objec...
-
Infrastructure and authority at the state’s edge: The Border Crossings of the World dataset Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 Michael R Kenwick, Beth A Simmons, Richard J McAlexander
The Border Crossings of the World (BCW) dataset explores state authority spatially by collecting information about infrastructure built where highways cross internationally recognized borders. This...
-
Imagine a lizard with the goal of making better decisions Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 Wei Chen, Huihui Xu, Da Dong
In Michael Tomasello’s new book, The Evolution of Agency: Behavioral Organization from Lizards to Humans, it posits a close relationship between agency and the evolution of animal and human behavio...
-
Parental Financial Assistance and Psychological Well-Being Among Korean Emerging Adults: Pressure from and Fulfillment of Parental Career Expectations as Mediators Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 Sangmin Oh, Jaerim Lee
Many emerging adults receive parental financial assistance (PFA) to prepare for their future and career, but it can also be a psychological burden through parental career expectations. The purpose ...
-
Social Media Use as an Impulsive ‘Escape From Freedom’ Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 Phil Reed, Will Haas
It has been suggested that avoiding choice represents an anxiety-avoidance strategy, which has not been investigated in the context of social media. To this end, the current study explored the rela...
-
Malpractice Lawsuits Relating to Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 Kasim Qureshi, Muhammad U. Farooq, Philip B. Gorelick
Background and PurposeMedical-legal claims for malpractice relating to the use of alteplase for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are usually for failure to treat rather than for complications. The adven...
-
The potential politics of the porous city Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 Theresa Enright, Nathan Olmstead
This article discusses the concept of porosity and what it might offer critical urbanism. It engages recent scholarly and practical writing on the “porous city,” outlining three sets of contributio...
-
MRI Does Not Improve Inter- or Intrarater Reliability for Hip Arthritis Grading Systems Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 W. Michael Pullen, Kinsley Pierre, Ivan Wong, Stephen K. Aoki, T. Sean Lynch, Richard C. Mather, III, Olufemi R. Ayeni, J.W. Thomas Byrd, Marc R. Safran
Background:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and radiographs are often utilized in assessing for preoperative osteoarthritis in patients undergoing hip preservation surgery.Purpose:To determin...
-
Results of Endoscopic Labral Repair With Concomitant Gluteus Medius and/or Minimus Repair Compared With Outcomes of Labral Repair Alone: A Matched Comparative Cohort Analysis at Minimum 2-Year Follow-up Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 Nolan S. Horner, Reagan S. Chapman, Jordan H. Larson, Shane J. Nho
Background:There is a paucity of information available to clinicians on outcomes of patients undergoing endoscopic surgery for labral repairs and femoroacetabular impingement syndrome with simultan...
-
Bias mitigation in empirical peace and conflict studies: A short primer on posttreatment variables Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-04-21 Christoph Dworschak
Posttreatment variables are covariates that are preceded by the main explanatory variable. Their inclusion in a statistical model does not ‘control’ for their influence on the relationship of inter...
-
Microchips and sneakers: Bilateral trade, shifting power, and interstate conflict Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-04-16 Yuleng Zeng
Strong commercial ties promote peace as states shun the opportunity costs of economic disruption. However, trade also enriches and empowers states, rendering them more capable of enforcing long-ter...
-
Polls of fear? Electoral violence, incumbent strength, and voter turnout in Côte d’Ivoire Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-04-16 Sebastian van Baalen
How, and under what conditions, does electoral violence influence voter turnout? Existing research often presumes that electoral violence demobilizes voters, but we lack knowledge of the conditions...
-
Justice as fairness or retribution? Citizen reactions to domestic trials of wartime violence Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-04-11 Risa Kitagawa
How do domestic trials addressing wartime violence affect public opinion of government? The legitimation functions of national courts are well studied in liberal democracies, but less is known abou...
-
The bridge to violence – Mapping and understanding conflict-related violence in postwar Mitrovica Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-04-11 Emma Elfversson, Ivan Gusic, Marie-Therese Meye
How can attention to spatial dynamics improve our understanding of where, how, and why conflict-related violence (CRV) concentrates within postwar cities such as Mitrovica? Like many other postwar ...
-
Coercion, governance, and political behavior in civil war Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-04-10 Andres D Uribe
How do armed actors affect the outcome of elections? Recent scholarship on electoral violence shows that armed groups use violence against voters to coerce them to abstain or vote for the group’s a...
-
Economic crisis and regime transitions from within Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-04-10 Vilde Lunnan Djuve, Carl Henrik Knutsen
We study how economic crises relate to the likelihood of experiencing regime changes ‘from within’; that is, transitions brought about, in part or fully, by actors in the incumbent regime. While hi...
-
Religion and terrorism: Evidence from Ramadan fasting Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-04-02 Roland Hodler, Paul A Raschky, Anthony Strittmatter
Do intense religious experiences increase or decrease terrorism? We argue that fasting during the month of Ramadan offers an ideal setting for studying this question empirically. Reasons are twofol...
-
Do we know it when we see it? (Re)-conceptualizing rebel-to-party transition Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-04-02 Sherry Zaks
In addition to providing crucial insights, the rebel-to-party literature exhibits an unacknowledged conceptual tension: despite remarkable agreement on what ‘rebel-to-party transition’ should captu...
-
State capacity matters in ‘the middle:’ A new perspective on domestic terrorism Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-03-29 Seung Hoon Chae, Wukki Kim
When it comes to domestic terrorism (DT), state capacity matters in ‘the middle.’ Our article aims to bring together two apparently separate strands of terrorism research: one concerning the effect...
-
Descriptive representation and conflict reduction: Evidence from India’s Maoist rebellion Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-03-23 Aidan Milliff, Drew Stommes
Can greater inclusion in democracy for historically disadvantaged groups reduce rebel violence? Democracy-building is a common tool in counterinsurgencies and post-conflict states, yet existing sch...
-
Can transparency strengthen the legitimacy of international institutions? Evidence from the UN Security Council Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-03-22 Vegard Tørstad
Can transparency enhance the legitimacy of international institutions? As transparency has become a widely applied procedural standard in international politics, a range of institutions have implem...
-
Rebel human rights abuses during civil wars: Introducing the rebel human rights violations dataset Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-03-14 James Igoe Walsh, Justin M Conrad, Beth Elise Whitaker
Contemporary studies of civil conflict focus heavily on combatant treatment of civilians. Research on human rights (HR) abuses committed by states has benefitted from several widely available datas...
-
‘A lot of people still love and worship the monarchy’: How polarizing frames trigger countermobilization in Thailand Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-02-20 Janjira Sombatpoonsiri
This article examines the interplay between nonviolent movements’ use of polarizing issues for mobilization and pro-regime countermobilization. Thailand has been chosen as an explanatory case study...
-
A win or a flop? Measuring mass protest successfulness in authoritarian settings Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-02-19 Kimberly Turner
Previously rare events, mass protest movements have become popular vehicles for those seeking political, economic, and social change. How do we evaluate movement success? Most studies addressing mo...
-
Introducing the Jihadi Plots in Europe Dataset (JPED) Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-02-21 Petter Nesser
The article introduces a new dataset on terrorist attack activity by jihadis in Western Europe. The dataset was built over nearly two decades at the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment. It rec...
-
Choosing tactics: The efficacy of violence and nonviolence in self-determination disputes Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-02-20 Kathleen Gallagher Cunningham
Disputes over self-determination (SD) have led to many civil wars, and a primary alternative, nonviolent campaign, is rarely successful in this context. Yet, while secession is rare, these movement...
-
Swords into ploughshares? Why human rights abuses persist after resistance campaigns Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-02-20 Christopher Wiley Shay
Human rights abuse tends to increase during national crises, such as civil wars and mass nonviolent uprisings. Under what conditions does this abuse abate or persist? I argue that violent challenge...
-
Upping the ante without taking up arms: Why mass movements escalate demands Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-02-19 Sooyeon Kang
One of the unresolved puzzles in the civil resistance and contentious politics literatures is why some movements that begin seeking limited redress in a certain policy space escalate their claims t...
-
Guest Editors’ introduction: Nonviolent resistance and its discontents Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-02-19 Erica Chenoweth, Kathleen Gallagher Cunningham
In the past decade, myriad studies have explored the effects of nonviolent resistance (NR) on outcomes including revolutionary success (short-term and long-term) and democratization, and how nonvio...
-
Data innovations on protests in the United States Journal of Peace Research (IF 3.713) Pub Date : 2023-02-19 Cassy Dorff, Grace Adcox, Amanda Konet
For decades, the United States has been generally excluded from cross-national quantitative datasets on the study of collective action and political resistance. More recently, however, new data col...