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Efficient degenerate middle infrared ZGP-OPO pumped by an electro-optically Q-switched Tm:YAP laser Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Wantian Dai, Yu Ding, Tongyu Liu, Yuwei Zhao, Jia Gao, Chen Zhao
In this paper, we demonstrated an efficient degenerate middle infrared (mid-IR) ZGP-OPO that is pumped by an electro-optically Q-switched diode-pumped Tm:YAP laser. The Tm:YAP laser, operating at a repetition rate of 1 kHz, produced a peak pulse energy of 9.66 mJ at 1.94 μm and a minimum pulse width of 25 ns. Utilizing the Tm:YAP laser as the pump source, a peak average output power of 3.14 W at 3
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The inviscid incompressible limit of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability for plasmas Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 A. Briard, J.-F. Ripoll, A. Michael, B.-J. Gréa, G. Peyrichon, M. Cosmides, H. El-Rabii, M. Faganello, V. G. Merkin, K. A. Sorathia, A. Y. Ukhorskiy, J. G. Lyon, A. Retino, V. Bouffetier, L. Ceurvorst, H. Sio, O. A. Hurricane, V. A. Smalyuk, A. Casner
Introduction: The Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability (KHI) is an interface instability that develops between two fluids or plasmas flowing with a common shear layer. KHI occurs in astrophysical jets, solar atmosphere, solar flows, cometary tails, planetary magnetospheres. Two applications of interest, encompassing both space and fusion applications, drive this study: KHI formation at the outer flanks of
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A lidar for detecting atmospheric turbulence based on modified Von Karman turbulence power spectrum Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Longxia Zhou, Jiandong Mao
Introduction: Atmospheric turbulence is a kind of random vortex motion. A series of turbulent effects, such as fluctuation of light intensity, occur when laser is transmitted in atmospheric turbulence.Methods: In order to verify the possibility of detecting atmospheric turbulence by the Mie-scattering lidar, firstly, based on the power spectrum method, the Zernike polynomial method is used to simulate
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Study of mechanical behavior of grout sleeve splicing of rebars Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Yuzhe Sun
In order to analyze the influence of grout strength, rebar diameter, sleeve material and anchorage length on performance of grout sleeve splicing of rebars, 72 specimens were designed and fabricated. The experimental results revealed that the failure modes included three forms, namely rebar fracture, sleeve rupture and bond slip between the rebar and grout. The tensile strength increased with the increase
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High-efficiency Nd:LuVO4 laser at 1343 nm recycling-pumped by a laser diode at 916 nm Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Wantian Dai, Tongyu Liu, Yu Ding, Yuwei Zhao, Yongning Zhang
A high-efficiency Nd:LuVO4 laser, pumped by a fiber-coupled laser diode at 916 nm, was successfully demonstrated. Employing a recycling-pumping architecture, an output power of 12.1 W at 1,343.2 nm was achieved with an incident pump power of 20 W, resulting in a slope efficiency of 62.1% and an optical conversion efficiency of 60.5%. Furthermore, the beam quality factor was measured to be approximately
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Evaluating atmospheric pressure cold plasma decontamination techniques for packaging materials: a systematic review and meta-analysis Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Caterina Maccaferri, Matteo Gherardi, Romolo Laurita
Decontaminating food packaging surfaces is a crucial step in the food processing industry to ensure the quality and safety of the product. Decontamination is intended as a procedure aimed to reduce the microbial load present on contaminated packaging to a safe level. Several techniques are traditionally employed, but the industry is seeking innovative methods that could offer economic and environmental
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Uses of degree-based topological indices in QSPR analysis of alkaloids with poisonous and healthful nature Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Muhammad Waheed Rasheed, Abid Mahboob, Iqra Hanif
In this article, a quantitative structure-property relationship is performed for the prediction of six physico-chemical properties of 16 alkaloid structures using three different types of degree-based topological indices. Chemical structures are considered as graphs, where elements are taken as vertices and bounds between them are taken as edges. We defined two new degree-based topological indices
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Driver emotion recognition based on attentional convolutional network Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Xing Luan, Quan Wen, Bo Hang
Unstable emotions, particularly anger, have been identified as significant contributors to traffic accidents. To address this issue, driver emotion recognition emerges as a promising solution within the realm of cyber-physical-social systems (CPSS). In this paper, we introduce SVGG, an emotion recognition model that leverages the attention mechanism. We validate our approach through comprehensive experiments
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Analyzing the role of reducible molecular descriptors and thermodynamic aspects of anti-tuberculosis drugs via QSPR study Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Sajid Mahboob Alam, Niat Nigar, Muhammad Waheed Rasheed, Laiba Amin
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an organism that causes tuberculosis (TB), a common infectious disease that has a high death and morbidity rate. Topological indices are mathematical tools used to describe the structural properties of molecules or networks. They provide a quantitative measure of the connectivity and complexity of a system, and play a crucial role in numerous area such as biochemistry
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Application of mixed reality navigation technology in primary brainstem hemorrhage puncture and drainage surgery: a case series and literature review Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Xiaoyong Tang, Yanglingxi Wang, Guoqiang Tang, Yi Wang, Weiming Xiong, Yang Liu, Yongbing Deng, Peng Chen
Objective:The mortality rate of primary brainstem hemorrhage (PBH) is high, and the optimal treatment of PBH is controversial. We used mixed reality navigation technology (MRNT) to perform brainstem hematoma puncture and drainage surgery in seven patients with PBH. We shared practical experience to verify the feasibility and safety of the technology.Method:We introduced the surgical procedure of brainstem
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Bulk superconducting materials as a tool for control, confinement, and accumulation of polarized substances: the case of MgB2 Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 G. Ciullo, L. Barion, M. Contalbrigo, L. Del Bianco, P. Lenisa, F. Spizzo, M. Statera, G. Tagliente
Providing strong magnetic holding fields while at the same time guaranteeing shielding from unwanted external fields is a key requirement for the accumulation, preservation, and transport of nuclear-polarized materials: it is a crucial achievement for its exploitation in fusion test facilities and particle physics. High-temperature bulk superconducting materials represent an innovative and promising
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GrAHal-CAPP for axion dark matter search with unprecedented sensitivity in the 1–3 μeV mass range Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Pierre Pugnat, Philippe Camus, Ohjoon Kwon, Rafik Ballou, Cyril Bruyère, Heesu Byun, Woohyun Chung, Thierry Grenet, Pierre Perrier, Yannis K. Semertzidis, Arthur Talarmin, Jérémy Vessaire
A collaboration between CNRS-Grenoble and IBS-CAPP Daejeon plans to build a Sikivie’s type haloscope for axion/ALPs dark matter search at the Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitskii sensitivity for the 300–600 MHz range. It will be based on the large-bore superconducting “outsert” coil of the Grenoble hybrid magnet, providing a central magnetic field up to 9 T in an 810-mm warm bore diameter. This magnet
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Merging single-track location Elastographic imaging with the frequency shift method improves shear wave attenuation measurements Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Reem Mislati, Katia T. Iliza, Scott A. Gerber, Marvin M. Doyley
The frequency shift (FS) method is emerging as the standard approach for estimating shear wave attenuation coefficient (SWA). However, measurement noise can negatively impact the FS method’s accuracy, especially when employed in vivo. We hypothesized that combining plane wave single-track location shear wave elastography imaging with the FS method would reduce this problem. To test our hypothesis,
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Simulation of a synchronized methodology for MR-based electromechanical property imaging during transcranial electrical stimulation Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 Guillaume Flé, Elijah Van Houten, Guillaume Gilbert, Guy Cloutier
Introduction: Recent investigations into the biomechanics of the brain have unveiled alteration in tissue stiffness triggered by external stimuli. For instance, visual stimulation effects can be measured in elasticity images of the cortex generated by functional magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). Such a mechanical characterization method combined with non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), a technique
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Terawatt-class femtosecond long-wave infrared laser Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 Igor. V. Pogorelsky, Mikhail N. Polyanskiy, Marcus Babzien, Andrew Simmonds, Mark A. Palmer
We utilized a nonlinear post-compression technique to generate 675-fs, 9.2-μm CO2 laser pulses with a peak power of 1.6 TW. This achievement represents the highest peak power ever attained in the femtosecond pulse format within the long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectral range. The successful implementation of this post-compression technique opens avenues for the development of few-cycle, multi-terawatt
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Research status of rare-earth-ion-doped infrared laser Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Jing-Xiang Zhang, Gong Wang, Yun-Fei Li, Yu Yu, Yulei Wang, Zhiwei Lv
Infrared lasers have an extensive range of applications in sensing, detection, communication, medicine, and other fields. The principle of directly pumping solid-state lasers is simple, and it can easily achieve high-power and high-efficiency laser output, which is one of the important means to obtain infrared lasers. Incorporating rare earth ions into the substrate as the gain medium for directly
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Laser-induced damages to charge coupled devices with combined nanosecond/picosecond short-pulse lasers Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 He Cao, Xiaofan Xie, Hao Chang, Yunfei Li, Jianfeng Yue, Yu Yu, Gong Wang, Ziqi Tang, Lifang Li, Yulei Wang, Zhiwei Lu
The research on laser induced breakdown mechanism of charge coupled devices (CCDs) brings new insights into photoelectric countermeasures. So far combined laser irradiation has been proved to be a more effective measure to destroy CCD. Due to the limitation of short-pulse laser combination method, the mechanism of CCD damage caused by combined short-pulse laser remains unexplored. Here, the distribution
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Nanometer refractive index sensor based on water droplet cavity structure with rectangular short rod Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Jin Wang, Shubin Yan, Feng Liu, Shuwen Chang, Yuhao Cao, Yang Cui, Jilai Liu, Yi Zhang, Yifeng Ren
In this paper, a novel nano sensor structure is proposed, which consists of a metal-insulator-metal waveguide (MIM) with rectangular baffles and a water droplet cavity with rectangular stubs (WDCRS). The WDCRS structure optimizes the sensitivity of a single water droplet cavity and makes the transmission curve clearer and smoother. The transmission characteristics of WDCRS structure were simulated
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Design of a kilohertz repetition rate, low-emittance S-band photoinjector Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Tianhui He, Lijun Shan, Hanbin Wang, Dexin Xiao, Kui Zhou, Peng Li, Jianxin Wang, Hanxun Xu, Zheng Zhou, Ming Li, Dai Wu
Low-emittance photoinjector-enabled cutting-edge scientific instruments, such as free-electron lasers, inverse Compton scattering light sources, and ultrafast electron diffraction, will greatly benefit from the improved repetition rate. In this paper, we proposed a specifically designed S-band radio frequency (RF) photoinjector to obtain low emittance and kilohertz (kHz) high-repetition rates simultaneously
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Vaccination strategies in the disease–behavior evolution model Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Lu Zhou, Jinying Dai, Bo Qu, Cong Li
Previous studies on the co-evolving between vaccination strategies and epidemics mainly assumed that the vaccination strategies were made in the period between two spreading seasons. However, individual cognition during the spreading seasons might also alter the vaccination strategy and inversely influence the epidemic spreading. We propose a coupled disease–behavior model to describe the dynamic evolution
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A driving method for gray scale multiplication of electrowetting display based on hybrid modulation Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Ting Mei, Zhixian Lin, Ziyu Xie, Shanling Lin, Bipeng Cai, Mingzhen Chen, Tailiang Guo
In order to solve the problem of low gray level due to the few driving chips developed based on the photoelectric characteristics of electrowetting display, a driving method based on modulation is proposed to double the gray level of electrowetting display. In this method, the driving waveform based on pulse amplitude modulation and pulse width modulation hybrid modulation is designed, and the gray
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Feasibility of the application of frequency modulated continuous wave radar trigger technique in abdominal magnetic resonance imaging Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Qingling Song, Yongquan He, Lihua Chen, Xinyuan Xia, Nan Wang, Qingwei Song, Ailian Liu
Objective: To evaluate and compare the image quality of T2-weighted abdominal scans using a respiratory belt trigger (RBT) and frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW)-trigger (FT) techniques and to explore the feasibility of FT in abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods: The study prospectively included 28 subjects, each undergoing abdominal scans with both RBT and FT. The analysis focused
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Investigating the properties of octane isomers by novel neighborhood product degree-based topological indices Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Muhammad Waheed Rasheed, Abid Mahboob, Iqra Hanif
A topological index is a real number calculated from the structure of a chemical compound to describe its topology. The use of molecular descriptors has been increasing in recent years, helping to determine the physicochemical and biological properties of drugs. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the properties of the octane isomers using the theoretical method. To study the structures
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Spatial heterogeneity of long-range dependence and self-similarity of global sea surface chlorophyll concentration with their environmental impact factors analysis Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Junyu He, Zekun Gao, Yutong Jiang, Ming Li
Understanding the long-range dependence and self-similarity of global sea surface chlorophyll concentration (SSCC) will enrich its characteristics description and analysis with global change patterns. The satellite SSCC products were collected from the European Space Agency during the period from 29 July 1998 to 31 December2020. After resampling the SSCC products into the spatial resolution of 1°,
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Design and investigation of small-scale long-distance RF energy harvesting system for wireless charging using CNN, LSTM, and reinforcement learning Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05
Introduction: The energy supply challenge in wireless charging applications is currently a significant research problem. To address this issue, this study introduces a novel small-scale long-distance radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting system that utilizes a hybrid model incorporating CNN, LSTM, and reinforcement learning. This research aims to improve RF energy harvesting and wireless charging
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Mathematical frameworks for investigating fractional nonlinear coupled Korteweg-de Vries and Burger’s equations Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05
This article utilizes the Aboodh residual power series and Aboodh transform iteration methods to address fractional nonlinear systems. Based on these techniques, a system is introduced to achieve approximate solutions of fractional nonlinear Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equations and coupled Burger’s equations with initial conditions, which are developed by replacing some integer-order time derivatives
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A study of production outsourcing strategies of dual oligopoly manufacturers based on quality investments Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05
Introduction: Self-production and outsourcing are two important production strategies for manufacturers, and the production capacity and investment capacity of manufacturers and suppliers play a decisive role in the quality of products. This study aims to analyze the manufacturer’s best production strategy and the drivers of outsourcing in the context of quality.Methods: This study constructs production
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A dual contrastive learning-based graph convolutional network with syntax label enhancement for aspect-based sentiment classification Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05
Introduction: Aspect-based sentiment classification is a fine-grained sentiment classification task. State-of-the-art approaches in this field leverage graph neural networks to integrate sentence syntax dependency. However, current methods fail to exploit the data augmentation in encoding and ignore the syntactic relation in sentiment delivery.Methods: In this work, we propose a novel graph neural
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A resource-efficient quantum convolutional neural network Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05
Quantum Convolutional Neural Network (QCNN) has achieved significant success in solving various complex problems, such as quantum many-body physics and image recognition. In comparison to the classical Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, the QCNN model requires excellent numerical performance or efficient computational resources to showcase its potential quantum advantages, particularly in classical
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The spark of life: discharge physics as a key aspect of the Miller–Urey experiment Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05
The Miller–Urey experiment demonstrated the possibility of producing biomolecules from the chemical components of the primordial atmosphere, using an electric discharge. It profoundly influenced the development of prebiotic chemistry and astrobiology. The essential aspect of the experiment is the action of the electric field on a gaseous mixture, which produces chemically active species. These last
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Periodic solution problems of neutral-type stochastic neural networks with time-varying delays Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05
This paper is devoted to investigating a class of stochastic neutral-type neural networks with delays. By using the fixed point theorem and the properties of neutral-type operator, we obtain the existence conditions for periodic solutions of stochastic neutral-type neural networks. Furthermore, we obtain the conditions for the exponential stability of periodic solutions using Gronwall-Bellman inequality
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Long-range air-host plasmonic propagation with subwavelength confinement Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05
Confining light at a subwavelength scale is important for building ultracompact opto-electronic networks. Plasmonic waveguides are good candidate devices for this purpose. However, the oscillation of electrons relating to surface plasmon polaritons causes energy dissipation, which limits the propagation length and thus reduces the waveguide performance. Here, we design a low-loss plasmonic waveguide
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LogMS: a multi-stage log anomaly detection method based on multi-source information fusion and probability label estimation Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Zhongjiang Yu, Shaoping Yang, Zhongtai Li, Ligang Li, Hui Luo, Fan Yang
Introduction: Log anomaly detection is essential for monitoring and maintaining the normal operation of systems. With the rapid development and maturation of deep learning technologies, deep learning-based log anomaly detection has become a prominent research area. However, existing methods primarily concentrate on directly detecting log data in a single stage using specific anomaly information, such
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Long-range air-host plasmonic propagation with subwavelength confinement Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Kun Yue, Xialian Feng, Jiaxin Yu, Fuxing Gu
Confining light at a subwavelength scale is important for building ultracompact opto-electronic networks. Plasmonic waveguides are good candidate devices for this purpose. However, the oscillation of electrons relating to surface plasmon polaritons causes energy dissipation, which limits the propagation length and thus reduces the waveguide performance. Here, we design a low-loss plasmonic waveguide
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Design and investigation of small-scale long-distance RF energy harvesting system for wireless charging using CNN, LSTM, and reinforcement learning Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Hao Zhang, Yue Wang, Hyeong Kwang Benno Park, Tae Hyun Sung
Introduction: The energy supply challenge in wireless charging applications is currently a significant research problem. To address this issue, this study introduces a novel small-scale long-distance radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting system that utilizes a hybrid model incorporating CNN, LSTM, and reinforcement learning. This research aims to improve RF energy harvesting and wireless charging
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The spark of life: discharge physics as a key aspect of the Miller–Urey experiment Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Savino Longo
The Miller–Urey experiment demonstrated the possibility of producing biomolecules from the chemical components of the primordial atmosphere, using an electric discharge. It profoundly influenced the development of prebiotic chemistry and astrobiology. The essential aspect of the experiment is the action of the electric field on a gaseous mixture, which produces chemically active species. These last
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Periodic solution problems of neutral-type stochastic neural networks with time-varying delays Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Famei Zheng, Xiaoliang Li, Bo Du
This paper is devoted to investigating a class of stochastic neutral-type neural networks with delays. By using the fixed point theorem and the properties of neutral-type operator, we obtain the existence conditions for periodic solutions of stochastic neutral-type neural networks. Furthermore, we obtain the conditions for the exponential stability of periodic solutions using Gronwall-Bellman inequality
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Mathematical frameworks for investigating fractional nonlinear coupled Korteweg-de Vries and Burger’s equations Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Saima Noor, Wedad Albalawi, Rasool Shah, M. Mossa Al-Sawalha, Sherif M. E. Ismaeel
This article utilizes the Aboodh residual power series and Aboodh transform iteration methods to address fractional nonlinear systems. Based on these techniques, a system is introduced to achieve approximate solutions of fractional nonlinear Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equations and coupled Burger’s equations with initial conditions, which are developed by replacing some integer-order time derivatives
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A study of production outsourcing strategies of dual oligopoly manufacturers based on quality investments Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Yang Wang, Tongbo Deng, Huibing Cheng
Introduction: Self-production and outsourcing are two important production strategies for manufacturers, and the production capacity and investment capacity of manufacturers and suppliers play a decisive role in the quality of products. This study aims to analyze the manufacturer’s best production strategy and the drivers of outsourcing in the context of quality.Methods: This study constructs production
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A resource-efficient quantum convolutional neural network Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Yanqi Song, Jing Li, Yusen Wu, Sujuan Qin, Qiaoyan Wen, Fei Gao
Quantum Convolutional Neural Network (QCNN) has achieved significant success in solving various complex problems, such as quantum many-body physics and image recognition. In comparison to the classical Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, the QCNN model requires excellent numerical performance or efficient computational resources to showcase its potential quantum advantages, particularly in classical
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A dual contrastive learning-based graph convolutional network with syntax label enhancement for aspect-based sentiment classification Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Yuyan Huang, Anan Dai, Sha Cao, Qiuhua Kuang, Hongya Zhao, Qianhua Cai
Introduction: Aspect-based sentiment classification is a fine-grained sentiment classification task. State-of-the-art approaches in this field leverage graph neural networks to integrate sentence syntax dependency. However, current methods fail to exploit the data augmentation in encoding and ignore the syntactic relation in sentiment delivery.Methods: In this work, we propose a novel graph neural
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Fabry-perot interferometers with resin scaffolders for high sensitivity temperature sensing Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-04
This study explores the development of an innovative Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) designed for temperature sensing and environmental monitoring. The device is constructed by embedding optical fibers within a 3D-printed resin scaffold, forming a structure with an open Fabry-Perot cavity. Intended as an integral component of Cyber-Physical-Social Systems (CPSS), this FPI structure aims to enhance
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Low-dose and standard-dose whole-body [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging: implications for healthy controls and lung cancer patients Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-04
Aim: High-sensitivity hybrid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using advanced whole-body (WB) or total-body PET/computed tomography (CT) systems permits reducing injected tracer activity while preserving diagnostic quality. Such approaches are promising for healthy control studies or exploring inter-organ communication in systemic diseases. This study assessed test/retest variations in the
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Characterisation of highly irradiated 3D trench silicon pixel sensors for 4D tracking with 10 ps timing accuracy Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 F. Borgato, A. Cardini, G. M. Cossu, G. F. Dalla Betta, M. Garau, L. La Delfa, A. Lai, A. Lampis, A. Loi, M. M. Obertino, G. Simi, S. Vecchi
3D trench silicon pixel sensors, recently developed by the TimeSPOT collaboration, have shown excellent performance in terms of spatial resolution, timing precision and detection efficiency. The combination of these three features make them one of the best candidate for inner tracking detectors operating in high luminosity hadron colliders experiments. This article presents systematic characterisations
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Low-dose and standard-dose whole-body [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging: implications for healthy controls and lung cancer patients Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Daria Ferrara, Lalith Kumar Shiyam Sundar, Zacharias Chalampalakis, Barbara Katharina Geist, Daniela Gompelmann, Sebastian Gutschmayer, Marcus Hacker, Hunor Kertész, Kilian Kluge, Marco Idzko, Werner Langsteger, Josef Yu, Ivo Rausch, Thomas Beyer
Aim: High-sensitivity hybrid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using advanced whole-body (WB) or total-body PET/computed tomography (CT) systems permits reducing injected tracer activity while preserving diagnostic quality. Such approaches are promising for healthy control studies or exploring inter-organ communication in systemic diseases. This study assessed test/retest variations in the
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Fabry-perot interferometers with resin scaffolders for high sensitivity temperature sensing Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Yu Zeng, Pengyu Zhang, Zhiqi Li, Jian Shen, Chaoyang Li
This study explores the development of an innovative Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) designed for temperature sensing and environmental monitoring. The device is constructed by embedding optical fibers within a 3D-printed resin scaffold, forming a structure with an open Fabry-Perot cavity. Intended as an integral component of Cyber-Physical-Social Systems (CPSS), this FPI structure aims to enhance
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12-mJ 1-kHz cryogenically cooled rod Yb:YAG regenerative amplifier Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-03
We report on a continuous-wave (CW) pumped cryogenically cooled rod Yb:YAG regenerative amplifier delivering uncompressed 12-mJ, 90-ps, 1030-nm pulses at a 1-kHz repetition rate. The amplifier demonstrates an efficiency of 31.7%. A symmetric cavity design was utilized to compensate for the substantial thermal lensing effect, yielding a final measured beam quality of 1.1 in both horizontal and vertical
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12-mJ 1-kHz cryogenically cooled rod Yb:YAG regenerative amplifier Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Guangyin Zhang, Ruixuan Li, Kui Li, Jie Li, Zhenao Bai, Zhongwei Fan
We report on a continuous-wave (CW) pumped cryogenically cooled rod Yb:YAG regenerative amplifier delivering uncompressed 12-mJ, 90-ps, 1030-nm pulses at a 1-kHz repetition rate. The amplifier demonstrates an efficiency of 31.7%. A symmetric cavity design was utilized to compensate for the substantial thermal lensing effect, yielding a final measured beam quality of 1.1 in both horizontal and vertical
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On the approximations to fractional nonlinear damped Burger’s-type equations that arise in fluids and plasmas using Aboodh residual power series and Aboodh transform iteration methods Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-02
Damped Burger’s equation describes the characteristics of one-dimensional nonlinear shock waves in the presence of damping effects and is significant in fluid dynamics, plasma physics, and other fields. Due to the potential applications of this equation, thus the objective of this investigation is to solve and analyze the time fractional form of this equation using methods with precise efficiency,
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Construction of Yemilab Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-02
The Center for Underground Physics of the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) in Korea has been planning the construction of a deep underground laboratory since 2013 to search for extremely rare interactions such as dark matter and neutrinos. In September 2022, a new underground laboratory, Yemilab, was finally completed in Jeongseon, Gangwon Province, with a depth of 1,000 m and an exclusive experimental
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Construction of Yemilab Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 K. S. Park, Y. D. Kim, K. M. Bang, H. K. Park, M. H. Lee, J. So, S. H. Kim, J. H. Jang, J. H. Kim, S. B. Kim
The Center for Underground Physics of the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) in Korea has been planning the construction of a deep underground laboratory since 2013 to search for extremely rare interactions such as dark matter and neutrinos. In September 2022, a new underground laboratory, Yemilab, was finally completed in Jeongseon, Gangwon Province, with a depth of 1,000 m and an exclusive experimental
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On the approximations to fractional nonlinear damped Burger’s-type equations that arise in fluids and plasmas using Aboodh residual power series and Aboodh transform iteration methods Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Saima Noor, Wedad Albalawi, Rasool Shah, M. Mossa Al-Sawalha, Sherif M. E. Ismaeel, S. A. El-Tantawy
Damped Burger’s equation describes the characteristics of one-dimensional nonlinear shock waves in the presence of damping effects and is significant in fluid dynamics, plasma physics, and other fields. Due to the potential applications of this equation, thus the objective of this investigation is to solve and analyze the time fractional form of this equation using methods with precise efficiency,
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Deep learning-powered malware detection in cyberspace: a contemporary review Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Ananya Redhu, Prince Choudhary, Kathiravan Srinivasan, Tapan Kumar Das
This article explores deep learning models in the field of malware detection in cyberspace, aiming to provide insights into their relevance and contributions. The primary objective of the study is to investigate the practical applications and effectiveness of deep learning models in detecting malware. By carefully analyzing the characteristics of malware samples, these models gain the ability to accurately
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Insights into the structure–function relationship of missense mutations in the human TOP2A protein in ovarian cancer Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Kannan Kavitha, Arumugam Mohanapriya
Topoisomerase 2-alpha (TOP2A) is a nuclear protein that is responsible for the maintenance of the topological state of DNA. TOP2A is highly upregulated in ovarian cancer, and its copy number is an important prognosis factor. A large number of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), insertion, and deletion mutations have been reported in TOP2A. Thus, a structural and functional study of missense SNPs
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Study on the biomechanical properties of 3D printed blended esophageal stents with different structural parameters based on patient CT Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Guilin Wu, Guihong Wei, Shenghua Huang, Qilin Zhang, Shuai Zeng, Jun Feng, Bo Zeng, Peng Yu
Introduction: Esophageal stenting is a widely used treatment for esophageal diseases, which can also be used for adjuvant therapy and feeding after chemotherapy for esophageal cancer. The structural parameters of the stent have a significant impact on its mechanical properties and patient comfort.Methods: In the present work, we reconstructed the esophagus model based on the patient’s computed tomography
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Data-driven RANS closures for improving mean field calculation of separated flows Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Zhuo Chen, Jian Deng
Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations have found widespread use in engineering applications, yet their accuracy is compromised, especially in complex flows, due to imprecise closure term estimations. Machine learning advancements have opened new avenues for turbulence modeling by extracting features from high-fidelity data to correct RANS closure terms. This method entails establishing
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Effect of network architecture on physics-informed deep learning of the Reynolds-averaged turbulent flow field around cylinders without training data Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Jan Hauke Harmening, Franz-Josef Peitzmann, Ould el Moctar
Unsupervised physics-informed deep learning can be used to solve computational physics problems by training neural networks to satisfy the underlying equations and boundary conditions without labeled data. Parameters such as network architecture and training method determine the training success. However, the best choice is unknown a priori as it is case specific. Here, we investigated network shapes
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Hyper-Kamiokande construction status and prospects Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Ko Abe, Hide-Kazu Tanaka
The Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) project is the world’s leading international neutrino and nucleon decay experiment comprising a next-generation underground water Cherenkov detector and upgraded Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) neutrino beam. It will provide an enormous potential to discover the leptonic charge-parity violation, to investigate the Grand Unified Theory by proton decay
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Cross-modality feature fusion for night pedestrian detection Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Yong Feng, Enbo Luo, Hai Lu, SuWei Zhai
Night pedestrian detection with visible image only suffers from the dilemma of high miss rate due to poor illumination conditions. Cross-modality fusion can ameliorate this dilemma by providing complementary information to each other through infrared and visible images. In this paper, we propose a cross-modal fusion framework based on YOLOv5, which is aimed at addressing the challenges of night pedestrian
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Viscoelastic material properties determine the contact mechanics of hydrogel spheres Front. Phys. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Chandan Shakya, Jasper van der Gucht, Joshua A. Dijksman
Granular materials are ubiquitous in nature and industry; their mechanical behavior has been a subject of academic and engineering interest for centuries. One of the reasons for their rather complex mechanical behavior is that stresses exerted on a granular material propagate only through contacts between the grains. These contacts can change as the packing evolves. This makes any deformation and mechanical