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A Design Study on 20 kW Class Axial Flux Motor with HTS Field Winding for 100 MPa Liquid Hydrogen Pump Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Woogyong Yim, Jonghoon Yoon, JuKyung Cha, Uijong Bong, Seungyong Hahn
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Performance test results of a helium dewar for the resolve instrument onboard the XRISM Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-17 Seiji Yoshida, Masahito Isshiki, Ken'ichi Kanao, Shoji Tsunematsu, Kiyomi Otsuka, Syou Mizunuma, Yoh Takei, Akio Hoshino, Ryuichi Fujimoto, Yuichiro Ezoe, Kosuke Sato, Michael DiPirro, Peter Shirron
The X-ray imaging and spectroscopy mission (XRISM) is an X-ray astronomy satellite developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to explore the evolution of the universe and its physical phenomena as the replacement for ASTRO-H. One of the primary scientific instruments of the XRISM is the Resolve, which utilizes an X-ray microcalorimeter
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Investigations on the throttling process of 3He in a dilution refrigerator used for cooling superconducting quantum chips Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Shiguang Wu, Haizheng Dang
With the rapid progress of the superconducting quantum computing technology, the cryogenic technology capable of providing appropriate cooling in the millikelvin temperature region is desirable. The cryogen-free dilution refrigerator featuring high reliability, long lifetime, and continuous cooling has become one of the most promising cryocooler candidates for this purpose. As one of the key components
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Analysis of standing-wave stack for direct cooling and ortho-parahydrogen conversion of cryogenic hydrogen Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Konstantin I. Matveev, Jacob W. Leachman
Direct cooling of cryogenic hydrogen can be achieved by flow through a stack or regenerator of a thermoacoustic refrigerator. In addition, using a catalytic stack, the ortho-parahydrogen transformation can be conveniently realized in the same device. Analysis of this system element is carried out by integrating one-dimensional thermoacoustic equations with addition of empirical ortho-parahydrogen conversion
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High precision temperature measurement for cryogenic temperature sensors based on deep learning technology Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Huidong Liu, Kanglai Zhu, Minmin You, Yanjie Li, Jingquan Liu, Zude Lin
Nonlinear error compensation is a significant factor that affects the measurement accuracy of temperature sensors. Cryogenic temperature sensors require a precise calibration technique to achieve accurate temperature measurements. BP (Back Propagation) neural networks are not suitable for sensor temperature prediction due to slow convergence and poor learning ability. In this study, a Chebyshev polynomial-based
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Mechanical and physical properties of modified N50 steel at cryogenic temperatures Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Yining Huang, Wentao Sun, Chuanjun Huang, Li Shi, Laifeng Li, Yuan Zhou
China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) has more advanced design parameters compared to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), particularly demanding a high yield strength (over 1500 MPa at 4.2 K) for jacket material in the cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC). Modified N50 austenitic steel, due to its excellent mechanical properties at liquid helium temperature, has been identified
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Generalized thermodynamic modeling of hydrogen storage tanks for truck application Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Laura Stops, Daniel Siebe, Alexander Stary, Johannes Hamacher, Valeryia Sidarava, Sebastian Rehfeldt, Harald Klein
Hydrogen-driven heavy-duty trucks are a promising technology for reducing emissions in the transportation sector. Thus, storing hydrogen efficiently onboard is vital. The three available or currently developed physical hydrogen storage technologies (compressed gaseous, subcooled liquid, and cryo-compressed hydrogen) are promising solutions. For a profound thermodynamic comparison of these storage systems
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Analysis of heat transfer characteristics of (6+1)-structure MgB2 cable Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Yifeng Li, Shaotao Dai, Tao Ma, Lei Hu
superconducting material has a wide range of application prospects for its high transition temperature, favorable structural characteristics and low cost. When using to produce superconducting energy storage magnets, it is necessary to twist superconducting wires into cables to increase their current carrying capacity. One typical cable is made of 6 superconducting wires wrapped around 1 central copper
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Remote cryogenic helium gas circulating cooling system for a 10-Mvar class HTS dynamic synchronous condenser Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-03 Jun Tan, Zhengjun Shi, Renjun Xue, Han Tan, Yujia Zhai, Shiguang Wu, Dong Ma, Dirui Wu, Haizheng Dang
This paper focuses on the remote cryogenic helium circulating system for cooling the 10-Mvar class HTS DSC. The cryogenic system is an upgraded version to provide a cooling power about 200 W@20 K. Six cryogenic cryocoolers are employed as the cold source. Two cryogenic helium blowers are used to overcome the pressure drop. Circulating loop is divided into two branches, of each three coolers are installed
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Automation of superconducting cavity cooldown process using two-layer surrogate model and model predictive control method Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Li Mei, Chang Zhengze, Zhu Keyu, Han Ruixiong, Ye Rui, Sun Liangrui, Sang Minjing, Jiang Yongcheng, Li Shaopeng, Zhai Jiyuan, Sha Peng, Li Xiaoping, Ge Rui
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Numerical simulation and experimental validation of the heat transfer characteristics in a circuit gas gap heat switch for the dilution refrigerator Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Dirui Wu, Shiguang Wu, Jun Tan, Han Tan, Renjun Xue, Yujia Zhai, Dong Ma, Shuting Lu, Haizheng Dang
The gas gap heat switch (GGHS) used for controlling heat transfer between different stages can be an important component for the precooling process of some dilution refrigerators. In this paper, a novel circuit GGHS is a rotationally symmetric heat switch assembly with annular fin arrangements to strengthen the heat-transferring effect. A numerical model considering He actual gas properties is proposed
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Five year operation of a cooler Dewar assembly for infrared scanner on board GCOM-C Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Ken'ichi Kanao, Kiyomi Otsuka, Shoji Tsunematsu, Takahiro Amano, Kazuhiro Tanaka
Global Change Observation Mission – Climate (GCOM-C) “Shikisai”, a satellite designed to observe global climate change, was launched from Tanegashima Space Center on December 23, 2017 by an H2A launch vehicle. The Second-generation GLobal Imager (SGLI) on GCOM-C is a multi-channel optical sensor for observing aerosols, vegetation, and temperatures. Through long-term monitoring, our understanding of
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Effect of the second curing cycle on performance of superconducting magnet insulating system Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Wanyin Zhao, Jijun Xin, Chuanjun Huang, Wei Wang, Zhichun Fang, Qichen Wang, Chundong Wang, Liguo Wang, Hengcheng Zhang, Fuzhi Shen, Wentao Sun, Yuan Zhou, Laifeng Li
In large-scale, high-field superconducting magnets used for magnetic confinement fusion, high energy accelerators, and magnetic resonance imaging, the insulating system made from glass fiber reinforced resin-based composites is the key component, which mainly plays the role of mechanical support, fixing and protecting superconducting conductors, as well as electrical insulation. Vacuum Pressure Impregnation
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TMR-high-temperature superconductor composite magnetic sensor and its performance optimization Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-24 Yue Wu, Liye Xiao, Siyuan Han, Jiamin Chen
Tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR), recognized for its high sensitivity and low power consumption, holds significant promise in the domain of weak magnetic field detection. Using superconducting materials as magnetic concentrators can achieve several hundred to even a thousandfold amplification of magnetic fields, making it one of the most effective approaches to enhance the magnetic field resolution of
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Measurement of levitation force of high-temperature superconducting maglev under high-speed operation condition Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Shixin Zhang, Zigang Deng, Zhichuan Huang, Haitao Li, Xucheng Zhou, Weihua Zhang
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) pinning magnetic levitation (maglev) has garnered significant attention in high-speed maglev transportation due to its inherent self-stability, low energy consumption, and absence of mechanical friction. Ensuring the safe and stable operation of HTS pinning maglev systems necessitates a dedicated focus on the performance and stability of HTS bulks levitated above
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A novel thermal bus architecture for large cryogenic space telescopes utilizing helium pulsating heat pipes Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Logan Kossel, John Pfotenhauer, Ali Kashani, Franklin Miller
Future space telescopes, such as those proposed for the Far-infrared Surveyor Mission, are expected to employ actively cooled optical arrays with a similar overall surface area compared to the James Webb Space Telescope. Therefore, there is a need for a cryogenic cooling system with a thermal bus architecture that can distribute cooling to these large optical arrays. Recent experimental research of
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Experimental and numerical investigation of cryogenic no-vent fill (NVF) process using adsorption on activated carbon Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Jinwook Kim, Kyoung Joong Kim, Junhyuk Bae, Sangkwon Jeong
This paper describes a novel method of utilizing adsorption to a no-vent fill (NVF) process. A primary goal of the NVF process is to complete the fill process of cryogenic liquid within the allowable pressure of the receiver tank without venting. The use of physical adsorption at cryogenic temperature can suppress the pressure rise of the tank and facilitate the NVF process by adsorbing and storing
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Study of thermo-elasto-plastic behaviors of twisted multi-filamentary superconducting strands and structures using incremental Mori-Tanaka method Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Yongbin Wang, Huadong Yong, Youhe Zhou
An efficient estimation of the thermo-elasto-plastic behaviors of twisted multi-filamentary superconducting strands and structures is crucial for the superconducting conductor design and application. In this paper, an incremental Mori-Tanaka method is adopted to study the thermo-elasto-plastic behaviors of twisted multi-filamentary superconducting strands and structures. The mechanical behavior of
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Steady-State simulation of cryogenic distillation used for helium isotope separation Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-11 Huan Chen, Peng Jia, Qianxi Qu, Niannian Dai, Liguo Wang, Yaran Shi, Rendong Guo, Dong Xu, Laifeng Li
Helium-3 (He) is an invaluable and scarce resource with applications in various scientific and industrial fields. It is typically found mixed with helium- 4(He) in natural gas and nuclear off-gas, which is industrial source of helium. Therefore, separation of the helium isotope is necessary. Cryogenic distillation is a preferred method of separation due to its higher separation coefficient and processing
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Fabrication and performance enhancement of TMR-Superconducting composite magnetic sensors for weak magnetic field detection Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-10 Siyuan Han, Yue Wu, Yao Wang, Jiamin Chen
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Experimental study on a dry dilution refrigerator driven by a high-power linear compressor Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Maowen Zheng, Jianguo Li, Haowen Guo, Lingjiao Wei, Zijie Pan, Ruixin Li, Houlei Chen, Jingtao Liang
With the development of quantum computing and other fields, dilution refrigerators are required to have greater cooling capacity. More cooling power means larger He flow rate and the corresponding gas circulation system. In dry dilution refrigerators, He needs to be pressurized by compressor for the high inlet pressure. This paper introduces a dry dilution refrigerator driven by a designed high-power
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Numerical analysis of a steady-state and transient performance using a tube-in-tube heat exchanger unit for cryogenic process simulator Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Vinit Shukla, Aafaq Alam, Nitin Shah, Hitensinh Vaghela, Parthasarathi Ghosh
Large scale Helium Refrigerators and Liquefiers (HRLs) are essential technologies in particle physics experiments and the nuclear energy sector. Most HRLs employ a modified version of the Collin's cycle, which involves a room temperature compressor, several counter-flow heat exchangers (HXs), expanders, and a J-T valve to produce liquid helium. The performance of HRLs is mainly governed by the efficacy
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A lightweight high-capacity pulse tube cryocooler operating at 80 K Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-03 Nailiang Wang, Qingjun Tang, Yuqiang Xun, Menglin Liang, Miguang Zhao, Houlei Chen, Jingtao Liang
Lightweight high-capacity pulse tube cryocooler holds significant potential for cooling infrared detectors in various applications. In this work, a comprehensive analysis was undertaken to identify the key parameters for the cryocooler weight reduction.A miniature cold finger was designed and optimized using a small compressor.At present, a novel and lightweight single-stage coaxial pulse tube cryocooler
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Performance study of REBCO multi-filament tapes/ CORC cables prepared by reel-to-reel mechanical incision Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-03 Zuoguang Li, Zhan Zhang, Shaoqing Wei, Peng Gao, Yuhu Bu, Donghu Wang, Guanyu Xiao, Jiahao Wan, Huan Jin, Jinggang Qin, Chao Zhou
REBCO high-temperature superconductor (HTS) has widely used in high magnetic field applications, because of the excellent critical current properties and high critical temperature. However, REBCO tape has an extremely large width-to-thickness ratio (typically in the range of 1000-10000) to cause too high power dissipation in the applications. In order to reduce the shielding current effect and AC loss
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Temperature behavior of the 4K-class Joule Thomson cooler during the cool-down phase for space science missions Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Keisuke Shinozaki, Toyoaki Suzuki, Noriko Y. Yamasaki, Yutaro Sekimoto, Tadayasu Dotani, Keisuke Yoshihara, Hiroyuki Sugita, Shoji Tsunematsu, Kenichi Kanao
In space science missions that uses cryogen-free mechanical cooler systems for a low temperature telescope and the focal plane assembly, a cooling power from room temperature to cryogenic temperature is almost always critical for cooldown, and estimating the cooling time after launch is important because of the limited cooling power of mechanical coolers. This paper reports the experimental results
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Flight performance of helium bubbler provided in LOX tank pressurisation system of cryogenic propulsion stage Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 M. Xavier, V. Narayanan, R. Edwin Raj
LOX tank pressurisation system provided in cryogenic upper stage of GSLV has a submerged helium bubbler in LOX tank. The bubbler gets helium supply from tank pressurisation system which maintains the specified tank pressure during liquid outflow from tank for engine operation. Helium bubbler releases large number of bubbles which ascend through the bulk liquid in tank and provides liquid mixing. In
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Study on flow characteristics of the cryogenic throttle valve for superfluid helium system Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Qianxi Qu, Liguo Wang, Huan Chen, Niannian Dai, Peng Jia, Dong Xu, Laifeng Li
As one of the important methods to obtain superfluid helium, throttling has been widely used due to its simple equipment. The cryogenic throttle valve, serving as a vital component in the throttling process, directly impacts the performance of the superfluid helium system. In this study, velocity and pressure field inside valve is numerically simulated by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and
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Operation of cryogenic system at 2 K for the SHINE test facility Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Yan Zhang, Shuai Zhang, Peng Zhang, Dafei Wang, Jiuce Sun, Xiongzhong Deng, Lei Zhang, Yibo Yu, Zhinan Wang, Qing Ni, Geyang Jiang, Zhengrong Ouyang
The Shanghai high repetition rate X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) and extreme light facility (SHINE), a quasi-continuous wave hard XFEL facility, is currently under construction. In order to test all the superconducting components, assembled cryomodules and undulators, the SHINE test facility that consists of various test benches has been built. A superfluid cryoplant with 1 kW@2K from Air Liquide
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Investigation of cryogenic wicking performance within porous structures Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-26 Dawid Zimnik, Michael E. Dreyer
Phase-separation is of great importance in spacecraft tanks. The propulsion engines of spacecrafts require a single-phase propellant supply, which is a challenge using cryogenic liquids. In order to extend the knowledge of the capillary transport of cryogenic liquid in porous materials, we investigated wicking of liquid nitrogen at quasi-isothermal conditions in porous structures. The experiments were
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An asymmetric stabilizer layer structure of REBCO superconducting tapes for resistive superconducting fault current limiters Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Meng Li, Yimin Chen
Used in resistive superconducting fault current limiters (R-SFCLs), REBCO tapes are required to have both large current limiting resistance and high over-current bearing capacity. The contradiction between high resistance and large over-current is the main difficulty in the design of REBCO-tape structure for R-SFCLs. In this paper, an asymmetric stabilizer layer structure of REBCO tapes has been proposed
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Visualized investigation of a nitrogen pulsating heat pipe Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-21 Yaran Shi, Dong Xu, Jixiang Yan, Rendong Guo, Bingkun Lyu, Chuanjun Huang, Laifeng Li
This paper presents the results of a visualization study of a cryogenic pulsating heat pipe (PHP). The impact of radiation heat leakage was reduced by minimizing optical windows. Visual images of the adiabatic section of a 2-turn PHP with nitrogen as working fluid were obtained at a filling ratio of 50 % and an inclination angle of 90°. The lengths of the evaporator, adiabatic section, and condenser
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Performance of a foam copper-based chromium potassium alum salt pill in an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-21 Ping Liu, Heng Tu, Yanan Li, Ke Li, Wei Dai
Hydrated paramagnetic salt pills are important components in an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) for temperatures below 500 mK. To improve the heat transfer performance between salt crystals and external thermal links, thermal buses are commonly employed inside the salt pill. Common forms of thermal buses are either thin copper pillars made from electric discharge machining (EDM) or wire
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DC surface flashover characteristics of Al2O3/epoxy composites at cryogenic temperature Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Jixiang Yan, Yaran Shi, Peng Jia, Rongjin Huang, Yuqiang Zhao, Yuan Zhou
Epoxy resin is essential in the superconducting system as an insulating and supporting material. Extreme conditions such as cryogenic temperature, high vacuum, and high electric field could result in insulation failure for Epoxy resin. Surface flashover voltage is usually lower than breakdown voltage for solid materials. In this paper, the DC surface flashover characteristics of nano-Al2O3/epoxy composites
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Effect of cryogenic feed line thermal mass distribution and orientation on chill-down performance Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-07 N. Venkatesh, Deepak Kumar Agarwal, A. Salih, S. Sunil Kumar
Chilldown performance of cryogenic systems is highly influenced by parameters like feed line orientation, thermal mass of the feed system and its distribution, mass flux of the cryogen and heat in-leak. In this work, the impact of feed line orientation and mass flux of cryogen on chilldown is evaluated through a parameter defined as Chilldown Performance Index. A set of experimental data generated
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Improved cryogenic stability by thermal insulation between forced-flow gas-cooled REBCO conductors in fusion magnets Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-30 Ho-Myung Chang, Jeong Gyu Lee, Jeong-Heon Shin, Sangjun Oh
A key design feature is presented to improve the cryogenic stability of forced-flow gas-cooled HTS conductors for fusion magnets. In order to realize the compact and economic fusion system, a variety of conductors are under development with stacked REBCO tapes so that the high-field magnets can operate at 20–30 K with the internal flow of helium gas. Thermal-hydraulic analysis is typically based on
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Experiences and lessons learned during manufacturing of group-Y cryolines for ITER Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-26 H. Kapoor, K. Choukekar, N. Shah, V. Gaur, B. Dash, U. Kumar, A. Garg, S. Madeenavalli, M. Jadon, J. Fournier, H. Vaghela, D. Grillot, B. Sarkar, Y. Sarvaiya, B. Joshi, S. Gajera, A. Sisodiya
The operation of ITER machine is based on the magnetic confinement which will be achieved using superconducting magnets and cryopumps (clients of cryogenic system). The cryogens will be channelized to the clients with the help of cryolines, referred here as ITER cryolines. The complex network of ITER cryolines is divided into two groups, namely, Group-X cryolines (X-CL) and Group-Y cryolines (Y-CL)
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Application of Helium-Based oscillating heat pipes in cryogenic superconducting system Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-28 Jun Zhang, Rui Huang, Changcheng Ma, Yi Huo, Xudi Wang, Qing Cao
Copper is the cooling transfer material used in cryogenic superconducting systems. Its effective thermal conductivity (ETC) in the 4 K region is only 400 W·m−1·K−1, which leads to disadvantages such as large temperature differences and delayed temperature fluctuation. These restrict the improvement of the cooling performance of superconducting magnets. Oscillating heat pipe (OHP) has an ETC of two
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Development of the sorption-integrated adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) without active heat switches Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Dohoon Kwon, Junhyuk Bae, Sangkwon Jeong
This study reports on the test results of a proof of concept sorption-integrated adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) for sub-Kelvin cooling. The configuration of the cooler is primarily simplified by eliminating heat switches which require active control. The whole refrigerator apparatus is composed of the high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet to magnetize the single crystal Gadolinium
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Characteristics of cavitating flows in cryogenic pump units in a combined cycle power system based on liquefied natural gas and solar energy Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-09 Zhuoliang Li, Cong Wang, Lin Guo, Zhigang Liu, Yalong Kong
The cavitation of cryogenic pump units is an important cause for the low cold energy recovery efficiency and low utilization efficiency of solar energy in combined cycle power systems based on liquefied natural gas (LNG) and solar energy. Through numerical simulation of cavitation in cryogenic pump units, the research established the correlation mechanism between cavitation evolution and energy characteristics
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The physical properties of Hastelloy® C-276TM and Hastelloy® C-276TM with Al2O3/Y2O3/MgO/LaMnO3 buffer layers down to cryogenic temperatures for applications in superconducting magnets Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-09 Ruslan Batulin, Mikhail Cherosov, Airat Kiiamov, Igor Rudnev, Savely Khokhorin, Denis Uvin, Alexey Rogov, Dmitrii Tayurskii
For many years, the Ni–Mo–Cr superalloy Hastelloy® C-276™ has been employed as a substrate material for depositing superconducting REBa2Cu3O7-x (RE - rare earth element) and MgB2 layers with various intermediate buffer layers. The resulting superconducting tapes are widely used in various industrial applications. However, the presence of various intermediate buffer layers between the substrate and
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Numerical analysis of a novel coaxial annular tube convective heat switch Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-08 Yu Zhang, Yi Liao, Kuifan Zha, Xuming Liu, Changzhao Pan
Heat switches are commonly used in cryogenic instruments to provide thermal contact or isolation between the hot and cold masses over a temperature range from millikelvin to room temperature. This study presents a new type of convective thermal switch that implements an annular tube design replacing the twin-tube structure. To study the effects of geometry and operating parameters on thermal performance
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Influence of Ag Doping on Thermal Conductivity and Magnetic Levitation of Single Grain YBCO Superconductors for High-Temperature Superconducting Maglev Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 Xiwen Zhang, Yunrui Song, Difan Zhou, Tingting Li, Xuechun Wang, Hande Huang, Rong Tang, Peiyang Zeng, Xuejie Wu, Zigang Deng
Ag doping in (RE)Ba2Cu3O7−δ [(RE)BCO] bulk high-temperature superconductors has been recognized as an effective way to improve the mechanical and superconducting properties of REBCO bulk superconductors for practical applications such as high-temperature superconducting (HTS) Maglev. Ag2O nanoparticles doped YBCO samples with different doping amounts (x, x varies from 0∼0.5 wt%) were fabricated by
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Electromechanical characteristic of stacked REBCO tapes under tension deformation Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Songzhen Yuan, Shaotao Dai, Tao Ma, Yuxuan Guo, Meng Song, Li Li
Stacking REBCO tapes is an effective way to increase the current-carrying capacity of the cable. Various loading conditions, including combined tension-bend, are applied to these tapes during fabrication and operation of the magnets. This paper investigates the degradation behaviors of critical current (Ic) in stacked rare earth–barium–copper–oxide (REBCO) coated conductor (CC) tapes under tension
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Measurement of the (p, ρ, T) behavior of Helium, Neon, and their mixtures at temperatures from (100 to 283.15) K and pressures up to 10.0 MPa Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-19 Nils von Preetzmann, Roland Span
Densities of three binary mixtures of helium and neon were measured along six isotherms in the supercritical temperature range of (100 to 233.15) K at pressures of up to 10.0 MPa using a low-temperature single-sinker magnetic-suspension densimeter. The three mixtures were prepared gravimetrically with molar helium fractions of approximately 0.75, 0.50, and 0.25. In addition, densities of pure helium
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Numerical investigation on the performance of a new type of perforated-serrated fins for plate-fin heat exchangers in cryogenic helium systems Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Zhongyu Zou, Zhigang Zhu, Qiyong Zhang, Pengcheng Yang
Plate-fin heat exchangers (PFHEs) with serrated fins are commonly employed in cryogenic helium systems. To further improve the heat transfer performance and compactness of PFHEs, traditional serrated fins structure is optimized and a new type of perforated-serrated fins is proposed with each serrated fin perforated. Numerical simulations considering the influence of cryogenic conditions, using well-validated
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An investigation on structural parameters optimization and coupled heat transfer of LNG submerged combustion vaporizer Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-05 Changliang Han, Yiyan Huang, Zhipeng Chen, Yizhong Wu, Shunyu Bao, Fangwei Zhao, Xibing Li
Submerged combustion vaporizer (SCV) owns an extremely efficient multiphase heat exchanger adopted in the coastal liquefied natural gas (LNG) receiving terminal. Overall vaporization efficiency of SCV mostly depends on the matching relationship of structural parameters and coupled heat transfer characteristics, which has been rarely addressed in previous studies. In the present work, an integrated
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Energy dissipated by spherical nanoparticles debonding in nanocomposites under cryogenic and steady state conditions Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-04 Afshin Zeinedini, Ahmed Sahib Mahdi
In this paper, an analytical model was presented to estimate the influence of nanoparticles size and volume fraction on the debonding dissipation energy of nanoparticles/polymer nanocomposites in cryogenic temperature. A spherical representative volume element including a nanoparticle and a pure polymer phase was considered. It was assumed that the temperature is uniform within the whole RVE, i.e.
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High-strength and high-toughness austenitic stainless steels based on type 316LN at 4.2 K Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-03 Takeru Sakurai, Osamu Umezawa
High-strength and high-toughness prototype steel forgings, N2, N3, and N4, were developed based on type 316LN as a cryogenic structural material. By extrapolating the proportional relationship between carbon plus nitrogen content (C + N) and 0.2 % proof stress (σ0.2) in the range of approximately 0.10–0.25 mass% C + N content, the C + N content was successfully designed to achieve the target σ0.2.
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A simple study for an optimized operation of the ITER Cryodistribution cold rotating machines Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Hyun-Sik Chang, Hitensinh Vaghela, David Grillot, Pratik Patel, Nitin Shah
The ITER superconducting (SC) magnet system is composed of 4 distinct units: the Central Solenoid (CS) coils, the Toroidal Field (TF) coils, the coil encasing and supporting Structures (ST), and the Poloidal Field and Correction Coils (PF&CC or simply PF). Including another cold component unit, which is the Cryopump (CP) system, each unit is assigned its own Auxiliary Cold Box (ACB) with cold rotating
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Mechanical and thermal properties of W-20Cu alloy for packaging HgCdTe IRFPA detector at cryogenic temperatures Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Wenxian Su, Qiancheng Hao, Zhikuo Liu, Hongyan Xu, Defeng Mo
Tungsten-copper alloy, as an electronic packaging material with excellent comprehensive performance, is widely used in the cooled packaging dewar structure of HgCdTe infrared focal plane detector. Thermodynamic properties (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CET), Thermal Conductivity (TC), Specific Heat Capacity (SHC)), mechanical properties and microstructure of W-20 wt% Cu(W-20Cu) are investigated
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Experimental study on a helium cryogenic closed loop two-phase thermosyphon with a long heat transport distance Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-21 Rui Hu, Yuntao Song, Qingxi Yang, Zhaoxi Chen, Kaizhong Ding
In this paper, the thermal performance of a cryogenic closed loop two-phase thermosyphon (CLTPT) with a long heat transport distance is investigated experimentally. The cryogenic CLTPT consists of an evaporator and a condenser connected by two stainless steel tubes. Helium serves as the working fluid in the cryogenic CLTPT, and there is a vertical distance of 0.9 m between the condenser and the evaporator
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Design of the cryogenic loop for the superconducting toroidal-field magnets of the Divertor Tokamak Test Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Fabrizio Lisanti, Morena Angelucci, Roberto Bonifetto, Frédéric Michel, Davide Duri, Antonio Frattolillo, Antonio Froio, Andrea Iaboni, Silvio Migliori, Pascal Roussel, Roberto Zanino
The design of the cryogenic circuit for the toroidal field magnets has a relevant role in the overall costs of the DTT cryogenic plant (or cryoplant), hence numerical tools can be useful to investigate and to compare different configurations for the TF cooling circuit in support of the selection of the most suitable one. The system-level cryogenic circuit module of the validated thermal–hydraulic 4C
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Non-magnetic regenerator material of silver oxide for 4 K cryocoolers Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 Sotaro Nishioka, Shinji Masuyama, Akiko T. Saito
In regenerative cryocoolers, magnetic specific heat is often utilized for heat regeneration at cryogenic temperature, such as below 20 K. Magnetic regenerator materials of rare earth compound which have sufficient specific heat enabled cryocooler to reach below 4 K. However, the magnetic noise emitted from the magnetic materials during the refrigeration cycle affects the performance of noise-sensitive
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Drawn-polymer microchannel heat exchangers with application to recuperative cryocoolers Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-09 J.L. Adams, K.J. Thompson, J. Cummings, L. Cantley, J.G. Brisson
Polymer microchannel heat exchangers for use in cryocooler applications have been developed. These heat exchangers are manufactured using a thermal drawing process where a bulk polymer preform is heated and stretched. The thermal drawing process results in microchannels with a characteristic dimension of 50–100 µm with an overall length of many meters. The drawn heat exchangers are lightweight, flexible
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Experimental investigation on the discharge and suction gas of multilayer insulation for cryogenic tanks of the Mars lander Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-04 Yang Yu, Fushou Xie, Yanzhong Li
The foam + multilayer insulation (MLI) is used for thermal protection of cryogenic propellant tanks during the full cycle mission profile of Mars Lander. The unsteady venting and suction gas in the MLI are generated when the rocket ascends, travels and enters Mars, which weakens the insulation performance. An experimental platform was designed to investigate the discharge and suction of interstitial
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Improved cryogenic frictional properties of thrust ball bearings in liquid nitrogen through PTFE cages and dimple-type textures Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Jimin Xu, Xing Gao, Hang Dou, Cuiping Zhang, Wei Wang, Kun Liu
To improve the working performance of thrust ball bearings in liquid nitrogen, self-lubricating PTFE cages and surface-textured raceways are introduced into the bearings. Circular dimple-type textures are generated by the laser process. The frictional characteristics of a full-steel bearing and a bearing with a PTFE cage are tested and compared at first on a self-developed cryogenic rotating-type tribometer
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Ultra-stable microwave cryogenic oscillator operated with a Gifford-McMahon cryocooler Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-15 G. Le Tetû, C. Fluhr, B. Dubois, J. Paris, R. Hostein, V. Giordano
We demonstrate for the first time an ultra-stable microwave cryogenic oscillator operated with a Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocooler. Despite the high level of vibration generated by the GM, we show that an optimised design, with simple passive solutions, enables a sufficient mechanical decoupling to achieve a state-of-the-art frequency stability. The implemented 10 GHz cryogenic oscillator features a
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Modeling the thermodynamic behavior of cryo-compressed hydrogen tanks for trucks Cryogenics (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Johannes Hamacher, Alexander Stary, Laura Stops, Daniel Siebe, Matthew Kapp, Sebastian Rehfeldt, Harald Klein
The novel set of differential-algebraic equations models the thermodynamic behavior of a cryo-compressed hydrogen on board tank system. The internal energy U is used in the energy balance to be independent of the hydrogen phases in all relevant tank scenarios: refueling, discharge, and dormancy. The occurring phase changes in the tank during refueling from gaseous hydrogen through the two-phase region