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Teaching optics online: lessons learned from the University of Rochester’s hybrid optics master’s education program Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Jennifer D. T. Kruschwitz, Thomas G. Brown, James M. Zavislan
The Institute of Optics at the University of Rochester (UofR) launched a program in the fall of 2020 for students interested in earning an MS in optics. The program is referred to as the hybrid optics master’s education (HOME). The HOME system of coursework allows working individuals to take classes remotely either synchronously with in-person MS students through Zoom or asynchronously guided by the
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Laboratory exercise for the radiometry student Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Michael A. Marciniak
The U.S. Air and Space Forces require optical expertise among their personnel. The Air Force Institute of Technology offers a graduate optics curriculum, which includes a three-course sequence to educate students in the optical concepts of radiometry and radiometric instrumentation. We find radiometry is often a deceptively difficult concept for students to master. To address this, we have developed
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Teaching lens design: characteristics and control of oblique spherical aberration Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 José Sasián
We discuss oblique spherical aberration, its balance, and its control. Several ways to mitigate this aberration are listed and some lens design examples are presented. The variation of oblique spherical aberration as a function of index of refraction and the shape factor of a thin lens is also presented. It is argued that controlling the amount and distribution of spherical aberration propagating in
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Use of simulation tools to enhance classroom instruction in aberrations, interferometry, and optical testing Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Brian E. Kruschwitz
Computer-based simulation tools can be an effective component in the teaching of aberrations, interferometry, and optical testing, as part of an educational strategy that includes classroom fundamentals and hands-on laboratory practice. At the University of Rochester, a MATLAB-based simulation graphical user interface (GUI) has been incorporated into both the undergraduate and graduate curricula. Users
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Ray tracing Gaussian beam optical systems Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Kenneth A. Menard
This article introduces a streamlined method for ray-tracing Gaussian laser beams in optical systems, drawing from traditional matrix optics and J. A. Arnaud’s complex rays. It provides an intuitive tool for optical engineers, accommodating arbitrary initial beam curvatures and spot radii for versatile system analyses. Examples, including beam focusing, mode matching, and zoom lens systems, demonstrate
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Self-healing free space optical link Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Eddie Ruff, Cullen Bradley
This work summarizes the progress made on a ground-to-ground 10 Gbps free space optical link. The bi-directional link consists of two static breadboard platforms that utilize low-SWaP, commercial off-the-shelf components. Each platform features a small form-factor pluggable optical transceiver and a programmable erbium-doped fiber amplifier on transmit. The free space link spans a 500 m line-of-sight
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Photon information efficiency limits in deep-space optical communications Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Marcin Jarzyna, Ludwig Kunz, Wojciech Zwoliński, Michał Jachura, Konrad Banaszek
Deep-space optical communication links operate under severely limited signal power, approaching the photon-starved regime that requires a receiver capable of measuring individual incoming photons. This makes the photon information efficiency (PIE), i.e., the number of bits that can be retrieved from a single received photon, a relevant figure of merit to characterize data rates achievable in deep-space
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Focal plane analysis of optical power-related metrics for atmospheric turbulence-affected laser beams Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Italo Toselli
The analysis of budget link and free space optical system performances requires the calculation of several metrics of the atmospheric turbulence-affected collected light. In this work, assuming the collected light is focused into an optical fiber or over a sensor positioned in the focal plane, we use the ABCD ray-matrix representation to calculate the impact of atmospheric turbulence on the power in
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Optical communications in turbulence: a tutorial Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Larry B. Stotts, Larry C. Andrews
We provide a tutorial on how to create link budgets and bit error rate (BER) and probability of fade calculations for optical communications systems designed to operate in the turbulent channel. It reviews the characterization models necessary for either incoherent or coherent free space optical communications uplink, downlink, and horizontal system analyses in the turbulent channel. Beam wander, scintillation
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Scintillation and bit error rate analysis of zero-order Bessel–Gauss beams in atmospheric turbulence based on the extended Rytov theory Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Yousef M. Shishter, Falah H. Ali, Rupert C. Young
Free space diffraction causes the spreading of the received energy at the receiver and thus reduces the signal-to-noise ratio. Bessel–Gauss (BG) beams are considered physically realizable beams, which are robust to free space diffraction over finite propagation distances. Non-diffraction beams have proved useful in many applications, such as optical wireless communications (OWC) and non-linear optics
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Opto-thermo-mechanical phenomena in satellite free-space optical communications: survey and challenges Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Mario Badás, Pierre Piron, Jasper Bouwmeester, Jérôme Loicq, Hans Kuiper, Eberhard Gill
Growing interest in free-space optical communication, due to the high bandwidth and security provided by these links, has generated the necessity of designing high-performance satellite terminals. In order to develop these terminals, the opto-thermo-mechanical phenomena that appear in the space environment and their effect on optical communication links have to be understood in detail. A review of
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Review on UAV-based FSO links: recent advances, challenges, and performance metrics Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Aanchal Gupta, Divya Dhawan, Neena Gupta
With the rapid advancements in wireless technology, the incorporation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in free space optical (FSO) communication can reap several benefits related to coverage, security, and capacity. The parameters involved for the analysis of such systems are studied in detail. The irradiance fluctuations in the received beam due to turbulence induced fading and geometric and misalignment
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Receiver architecture for on-off-keying free-space optical communications with channel estimation in the presence of residual spatial tracking error Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Kamran Kiasaleh
In this work, a receiver architecture for the detention of on-off-keying (OOK) signals using adaptive signal estimation and threshold setting for free-space optical communications is investigated. It is assumed that the received signal is impaired by channel fading, modeled using Málaga (M) distribution, and an imperfect pointing acquisition. In OOK communications, knowledge of the received signal
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Particle size of aerosols measured by imaging method Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Xi Zeng, Haiyi Liu
Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about air quality. The particle size of aerosol is an important parameter of air quality. The classical laser particle size analyzer has some disadvantages, such as high price, large volume, and difficult processing. We introduce the scattering receiving screen into the forward light intensity distribution detection system, which only needs a commonly available
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In-situ investigation of erbium doped fiber in a radiation rich environment Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Colin C. Baker, E. Joseph Friebele, Woohong Kim, Shyam Bayya, Fred Kung, Tony Zhou, Daniel Rhonehouse, Jasbinder Sanghera
The behavior of erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) in a master oscillator power amplifier configuration was characterized, for the first time, in-situ using a Co60 γ-ray source. The results indicate that power degradation and photo-anneal recovery processes simultaneously exist. A fiber optimized for efficiency also provides a radiation harder EDFA with reduced power degradation after a 10 kRad (100 Gy)
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KSPGD algorithm to restrain the influence of measurement noise in adaptive fiber coupling Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Jinjin Peng, Yao Mao, Bo Qi
The adaptive coupling of the laser beam from space to single-mode fiber plays an important role in free space optical communication. A typical adaptive algorithm is stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm (SPGD), which measures the performance index value to estimate the gradient value to maximize the coupling efficiency. It is conceivable that the presence of performance index measurement noise
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Highly sensitive hybrid optical receiver with a compact 1.4 GHz linear transimpedance amplifier in 55 nm CMOS Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Christoph Gasser, Bernhard Goll, Horst Zimmermann
This work presents a highly sensitive hybrid-integrated optical receiver with a custom designed linear transimpedance amplifier (TIA). The choice of the circuit and diode technology, considering the impact of process parameters on the optical sensitivity and the input referred noise current, are elaborated. The TIA has been designed in a 55-nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor process and was
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Research on the receiving and equalization of visible light communication system based on the light-emitting-diode emission process and mechanism Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Wenjing Sun
Visible light communications (VLCs) using light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) as communication devices have developed rapidly with the widespread deployment of solid-state illumination. However, the modulation bandwidth of LEDs is one of the dominant issues that limit the VLC system efficiency. Although plenty of techniques have been investigated to deal with this restriction, few people pay attention to
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Analysis of structures and technologies of various types of photodetectors used in laser warning systems: a review Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Shahram Mohammadnejad, Meysam Aasi
With the advancement of laser technology in recent decades, this device has been used in a wide range of applications, such as medical sciences, military, industry, holography, spectroscopy, and astronomy. In past years, military operations for better communication depended on radiofrequency. Vulnerability to security threats and exposure to electromagnetic interference were the main problems of this
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Study on terahertz absorption characteristics of bovine serum albumin aqueous solution via microfluidic technology Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 He Yang, Bingxin Yan, Yuhan Zhao, Bo Su, Shengbo Zhang, Cunlin Zhang
A new sandwich sample holder is employed to examine the terahertz (THz) spectrum characteristics of an aqueous solution of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with the aim of exploring the interaction between water and BSA molecules and the effect of the BSA’s molecular vibration frequency on the THz absorption coefficient. In the frequency range of 0.1 to 2.5 THz, the spectral signal strength of the BSA aqueous
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Chemical and morphological modification of polyethersulfone membrane and film following krypton florid laser irradiation Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Hedeih Pazokian, Mohsen Montazerolghaem, Arezo Torabi
Formation of laser-induced surface micro/nanostructures and chemical modification on the surface of polyethersulfone (PES) film and composite membrane were studied. Laser irradiation was carried out by ultraviolet (248 nm) laser pulses at a fluence below the ablation threshold. The motivation was to investigate the effect of the structure (film and asymmetric/symmetric membrane), as well as addition
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Structure and characterization of plus-shaped configuration for 1 × 4 splitter Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Guoyu Liang, Bo Wang
A polarization-insensitive four-port beam splitter based on the plus-shaped ridge structure is introduced. The ridge of this grating is a plus-shaped resin material. Based on the rigorous coupled-wave analysis and the simulated annealing algorithm, the transmission efficiency of the zeroth order under TE polarization is 1.79%, and the efficiencies of 22.21%/22.19% for the ± first/± second orders are
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Senior Editor Retirement: Farewell to Ben Dingel, Welcome Szymon Gładysz Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Adam Wax
Editor-in-Chief Adam Wax thanks a longtime senior editor for his service to the journal and welcomes a new one.
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Efficient and perfectly vertical binary blazed grating coupler with a slit Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Zhe Ji, Shi-ru Fu, Dong Li, Ying-zhan Yan, Lin-tong Yan, Da-gong Jia
The eigenmode expansion method is applied to discretize the stepped shine grating into a binary shine grating. Various strategies that increase the directionality of the coupling efficiency have been optimized and replicated using this binary shining grating. We discussed and analyzed the impact of distributed Bragg reflectors, slits, and metal reflectors on the coupling efficiency of grating couplers
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Graphene-based midinfrared photodetector with bull’s eye plasmonic antenna Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Xiangying Deng, Shunri Oda, Yukio Kawano
The spectral region of midinfrared has proven its great potential in various fields, such as materials characterization, medical examination, security, and product inspection. However, the development of room-temperature sensitive midinfrared photodetectors is inevitably in strong demand. Graphene-based detectors are expected to potentially overcome many of the shortcomings of earlier detectors. Unfortunately
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Signal and Image Processing Policy Clarification Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Daniel LeMaster
Senior Editor Daniel LeMaster explains the nuances of OE’s signal- and image-processing paper policy.
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High-precision multi-curvature line-structured light center extraction algorithm based on a tooth model Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Qingshan Tang, Huang Jiang, Yongqi Miao, Xinwei Huang
Common line-structured light center extraction algorithms have limitations in accuracy and robustness when extracting the center of line-structured light obtained from objects with complex surface structures. In this study, we propose a high-precision center extraction algorithm for multi-curvature line-structured light. This algorithm improves the enhanced parallel thinning algorithm to eliminate
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Transformer-based visual inspection algorithm for surface defects Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Qinmiao Zhu, Jingyun Chang, Teng Liu, Yuhui Wang, Hua Yang
Industrial production often faces a variety of complex working conditions that lead to various defects, including Mura, on the surfaces of various industrial products. We propose a reconstruction network called RecTransformer, which is developed with a transformer for anomaly inpainting. RecTransformer is designed to effectively detect various types of surface defects despite using only a small number
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Robust 3D reconstruction technology based on ternary polarization coding strategy Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Zhenmin Zhu, Lisheng Zhou, Liqiang Xie, Wenju Zhang, Mingkai Yao, Liang Tang
Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) has been widely used in various fields because of its high precision and efficiency. However, fringe images containing overexposed areas are obtained by traditional FPP for high-reflective object surfaces, which leads to errors in absolute phase and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction results. A robust 3D reconstruction technique based on a polarization state-based
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Thermodynamic damage behavior of single-crystal MgF2 irradiated by high-power fiber laser Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Jiamin Wang, Kuo Zhang, Jinghua Yu, Yi Chen, Changbin Zheng, Peng Yang, Guohui Bao, Fei Chen
Magnesium fluoride (MgF2) is a widely used optical window material in lasers. Laser-induced damage in MgF2 materials involves complex thermal-mechanical coupling issues. With the rapid development of high-power fiber laser technologies and application of optoelectronic countermeasures, it is necessary to investigate the damage mechanism of 1.06 μm high-power continuous-wave laser on MgF2 optical windows
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Experimental demonstration of half-duplex underwater wireless optical communication when light emitting diode illumination noise exists Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Biao Han, Xuecheng Li, Zhepeng Huang, Bo Zhang, Zhiguo Jiang, Yongqiang Kang
Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is useful for transmitting data short distances in the ocean. In most cases, such devices are placed on underwater vehicles to make it easier to establish a communication link. However, the vehicle often works in dark water. Thus it needs a light emitting diode (LED) as an illuminant for its camera to observe the surroundings, but this is noise to the
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Compensation algorithm for taper thread distortion with large pitch and biased trapezoid Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Lu Qianhai, Kong Lingfei, Li Longlong, Gong Chunyuan, Sun Jin
We propose a taper thread compensation algorithm that considers the taper thread tilt state and tooth distortion to address the problem of low accuracy of taper thread inspection by machine vision. The analysis of the taper thread inspection process reveals the reason for the low accuracy of taper thread inspection, and the mathematical modeling of the taper thread is established according to the spatial
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Haze reduction in concentric electrode-based large aperture liquid crystal lens with segmented phase profile Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Amit K. Bhowmick, Afsoon Jamali, Douglas Bryant, Sandro Pintz, Philip J. Bos
In the field of augmented reality/virtual reality head-mounted displays or eyeglasses, electro-optical tunable lenses have great potential to resolve the issue of accommodation-convergence conflicts and to correct vision problems. A high-quality tunable lens with a large field of view is highly desired for these near-to-eye applications. Recently, gradient refractive index tunable liquid crystal lenses
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Optical fiber Bragg grating-based pressure sensor for soil monitoring applications Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Muhammad Syamil Mohd Sa’ad, Harith Ahmad, Mohamad Ashraff Alias, Muhammad Khairol Annuar Zaini, Muhamad Zharif Samion, Kenneth T. V. Grattan, B. M. Azizur Rahman, Gilberto Brambilla, Kok Sing Lim, Sulaiman W. Harun, Leonard Bayang, Siti Aisyah Reduan, Kavintheran Thambiratnam, Mohd Zamani Zulkifli, Mohammad Faizal Ismail
An optical-based pressure sensor for a 150 × 150 mm surface was designed and fabricated. The sensor utilizes a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) attached to a 30 × 30 × 30 mm actuator as the pressure sensing mechanism. The middle section of the actuator, which is circular, can bend into an elliptical form and, in the process, pull the FBGP via both ends when force or pressure is applied, thus converting the
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Deep learning assisted far-field multi-beam pointing measurement Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Xunzheng Li, Chun Peng, Xiaoyan Liang
We present and experimentally verify a deep learning approach to synchronously measure the multi-beam pointing error for coherent beam combining systems. This approach uses only one detector by acquiring the far-field interference focal spot, which can greatly reduce the complexity in coherent beam combining systems with high accuracy. The amplitude modulation is utilized to eliminate the confusion
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High coupling efficiency photonic crystal waveguide for compact channel drop filter design on silicon-on-insulator platform Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Soibam Aruna Chanu, Ramesh Kumar Sonkar
We present the design of a compact channel drop filter based on 2D photonic crystals on silicon-on-insulator platform. The proposed device consists of three channel sections with line defect waveguides as the bus and drop waveguides and L3 cavity as the resonator. The input and output ends of the bus waveguide are connected to silicon strip waveguides through tapered waveguide regions for efficient
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Revival of quantum steering in correlated noisy channels Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Shuqin Zhai, Nana Zhang, Kui Liu
Multipartite quantum steering has crucial applications in the field of asymmetric secure quantum networks. In the actual quantum communication transmission process, the inevitable loss and noise in the channels will lead to reduction or even disappearance of quantum steering, which is extremely unfavorable to the transmission of information, so it has important practical significance for research of
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Speckle control for electro-holographic display using high-brightness yellow phosphor light source in projector Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Takuo Yoneyama, Yuji Sakamoto
In electronic holography, a light source that can control coherence steplessly is desired to adjust the balance between speckle noise and the resolution of reconstructed images. We propose a high-brightness light source that can control speckle by adjusting the bandwidth. In general, narrowing the bandwidth of the light source results in a decrease in brightness. To compensate for this, the proposed
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Study of object detection in linear terahertz imaging systems Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Mykola Kovbasa, Aleksandr Golenkov, Anna Shevchik-Shekera, Fedir Sizov
A neural network-based system designed for automated detection of concealed items using a postal terahertz scanner is presented, with system optimization provided. A dataset of objects scanned by a THz scanner is introduced. A convolutional neural network is trained on this dataset of terahertz images to classify and detect whether an image contains a prohibited item or not. The system is tested using
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Bilateral form characterization of curved transparent components using chromatic confocal sensor Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Jiajun Wu, Ran Zhao, Xiaoxiong Jiang, Lili Jiang, Anyu Sun, Bingfeng Ju, Wule Zhu
To accurately characterize the geometric form of key components in industrial products, many profile measuring instruments have been developed to date. However, there are some special components, such as the hemispherical resonators featuring thin curved transparent surfaces, which are difficult to be measured using general instruments. The chromatic confocal technology was introduced in this paper
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Theoretical study of the two-dimensional collimation property of the multilayer coated x-ray Montel mirror Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Yifan Zhu, Qiushi Huang, Jun Yu, Shengzhen Yi, Runze Qi, Zhe Zhang, Zhong Zhang, Zhanshan Wang
Montel mirror coated by laterally graded multilayer is a key two-dimensional collimating optics for x-ray analysis instrument. To provide guidance for the fabrication, the collimation property of a W/Si multilayer Montel mirror with parabolic shape is simulated systematically by a ray-tracing program. The influence of different source sizes, multilayer reflection bandwidth, mirror-detector distance
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High uniformity Bessel beam generated by the axicon with a high-order curved surface Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Zhongsheng Zhai, Xin Yu, Xuan He, Luo Zhang, Qinghua Lv
Generating high uniformity Bessel beam is an interesting target in laser processing. An axicon with a high-order curved surface is proposed to generate Gaussian–Bessel beams with high uniformity and high energy utilization. The original phase function of the standard axicon is replaced by multiple polynomials, which are optimized by a combined algorithm employing the genetic algorithm and the unconstrained
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Interband cascade lasers with advanced waveguides operating in the 3 to 4 μm wavelength region Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Jeremy A. Massengale, Yixuan Shen, Rui Q. Yang, Tetsuya D. Mishima, Michael B. Santos
We report the first implementation of an advanced waveguide structure, consisting of GaSb separate confinement layers, n-doped InAs/AlSb superlattice intermediate cladding layers, and n + -doped InAs0.91Sb0.09 plasmon-enhanced cladding layers for GaSb-based interband cascade lasers (ICLs) with lasing wavelengths in the 3 to 4 μm wavelength region. This advanced waveguide configuration for ICLs can
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Sensitivity analysis of a dielectric loaded 1 × 2 directional coupler switch based on foundry process optical waveguides Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Martin T. Hill, Dilusha Silva, Mariusz Martyniuk, Lorenzo Faraone
We examine the use of foundry process optical waveguide couplers in making 1 × 2 optical switches. The concept involves a post-foundry process to provide a moveable dielectric load over one of the waveguides in the coupler, such that the dielectric load changes the propagation constant of the affected waveguide depending on its proximity to the waveguide. Coupled mode theory is employed to explain
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Simulation of waveguide integrated Ge2Sb2Te5-based tunable photodetector Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Anoopshi Johari, Sanjeev Naithani, Baljinder Kaur, Abhinav Bhatnagar, Brajesh Kumar Kaushik
A photodetector that utilizes the phase-changing material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) integrated with a silicon on insulator (SOI) waveguide is designed and analyzed in the wavelength (λ) range of 1500 to 1600 nm for telecommunication and optical fiber communication. The analysis of simulated structure reveal that GST is a promising material for photodetection applications due to phase-change property on a nanoscale
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Infrared lens units using chalcogenide glass with high transmission properties Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Yoshimasa Matasushita, Fumio Sato, Noriaki Masuda, Masafumi Kimata
Germanium and chalcogenide glasses are used as infrared lens materials, but there is no one that combines both excellent optical properties and mass production. Against this background, we worked on the development of a new infrared lens material, and a novel infrared lens material named FI-02 has been developed. FI-02’s most useful feature is its infrared transmission property. It can transmit up
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Design of asymmetric waveguide for second harmonic generation based on thin film lithium niobate Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Chaoyi Hu, Wei Wang
Mode phase matching (MPM) is a widely used phase-matching technique in χ(2) nonlinear thin film lithium niobate waveguides for efficient wavelength conversion. Unfortunately, the conversion efficiency is limited by the reduction in the spatial overlap of the three interacting waves due to the intrinsic mode mismatch of spatial symmetry. However, changing the χ(2) distribution of the waveguide can greatly
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Simple multi-lens intracavity Gaussian laser beam simulation using complex rays Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Kenneth A. Menard
Simulation of Gaussian laser beam propagation has many practical applications in teaching optics behavior and in laser design engineering. For the case of laser resonator cavity studies, most current techniques use the widely taught self-consistency round trip method to analyze the beam radius envelope through the cavity. We present a simpler method for simulating a confined Gaussian beam by modeling
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High-efficiency and robust broadband achromatic metalens in the near-infrared Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Cheng Zhang, Mingsheng Chen, Liru Zhang, Ru Zhang, Hong Cheng, Chuan Shen, Sui Wei
Metalenses have drawn a lot of interest for use in near-infrared (NIR) bioimaging due to their benefits, such as flexible design, light weight, and simple integration. However, chromatic aberration is inevitable in optical systems, which substantially reduces their imaging quality. A broadband achromatic metalens for linearly polarized light in the range 1200 to 1550 nm is constructed to address this
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Research on objective assessment of dual-band color night vision fusion image quality based on scene understanding Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Shaoshu Gao, Sheng Yi, Qilin Tian, Xiao Ni, Shangge Song
The color quality and sharpness of the dual-band color fusion images have the greatest impact on the audience’s understanding of the scene content. Traditional image quality assessment (IQA) methods focus on the luminance contrast of image and attach limited attention to pixel-wise relationship. As a result, these methods perform poorly on color-related distortions. An objective assessment model for
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Superresolution in phase image of π-phase step on plasmonic metasurface using differential heterodyne microscope Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Ildar M. Akhmedzhanov, Dmitry V. Baranov, Boris A. Usievich
We investigated the scanning differential heterodyne microscope response for a plasmonic metasurface-dielectric film system. Superresolution effect for microscope phase response with 6.5 superresolution coefficient in the vicinity of π optical phase increment was observed. Use of an additional dielectric film allowed local adjustment of the optical phase increment over a wide range (0 deg to 100 deg)
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Physics driven deep Retinex fusion for adaptive infrared and visible image fusion Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Yuanjie Gu, Zhibo Xiao, Yinghan Guan, Haoran Dai, Cheng Liu, Liang Xue, Shouyu Wang
Infrared (IR) imaging can highlight thermal radiation objects even under poor lighting or severe sheltering but suffers from low resolution, contrast, and signal-to-noise ratio. While visible (VIS) light imaging can guarantee abundant texture details of targets, it is invalid in low lighting or sheltering conditions. Therefore, IR and VIS image fusion has more extensive applications, but it is a still
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High-performance computer system dedicated to ray-wavefront conversion technique aimed to display holograms in real-time Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Tatsuya Maruyama, Yasuyuki Ichihashi, Ikuo Hoshi, Takashi Kakue, Tomoyoshi Shimobaba, Tomoyoshi Ito
Holography is the ultimate three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology, and research is actively being conducted on generating at high-speed holograms with enormous amounts of information and improving image quality. Because computer holography is based on wave optics algorithms, reconstructing the texture of 3D images is difficult. On the other hand, in principle, reconstructing texture in integral
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Recording and analysis of off-axis multiplexed volume holographic lens for wavelength selective wide acceptance angle operation in concentrator photovoltaics Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Arasad Ali Khan, Hira Lal Yadav
Photovoltaic (PV) conversion is highly wavelength-dependent. The efficiency of a PV system is maximum when converting photons of energy close to the bandgap energy of solar cells. In a spectral-splitting solar cell system, an appropriately designed holographic lens provides wavelength-selective performance to disperse and concentrate a specific spectral region of solar radiation with appreciable diffraction
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Gaze distance detection by binocular tracking for automatic zoom glasses Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Kangkang Jin, Yize Ren, Changlun Hou, Xia Liu, Feng Ye, Mingxuan Hou, Zhen Shi, Jufeng Zhao
To realize automatic zooming of presbyopia glasses, we proposed a gaze distance detection method based on binocular tracking. A theoretical model was built to calculate gaze distance based on the gaze directions of two eyeballs. The gaze direction of each eyeball was obtained by the pupil center corneal reflection method. Three light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and two miniature cameras were placed on the
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Virtual focus of a ray data source Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Julius Muschaweck
Ray data files are a common way to model light sources, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), in optical design software. Often, when an LED shall be placed at the focal point of a collimating lens, it is desirable to know the coordinates of just a single point, which is representative of the light source location, similar to the center of mass for a distribution of matter. In some communities, this
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Optimization of disorder dispersion spectrometer using artificial neural networks Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Xinyang Zhao, Runchen Zhang, Yu Kuang, Xinhui Zhou, Tao Yang
We propose an approach to reconstruct spectrum using artificial neural networks (ANNs) instead of directly solving a matrix equation using calibration coefficients. ANNs are particularly effective in reconstructing spectra in noise environment by learning the relationship between inputs and outputs with large amount of data training. There are several different training methods for ANNs. Compared with
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Low confinement loss single-mode hollow core anti-resonant fiber covering the O + E + S + C + L + U band Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Mengdi An, Junshan Ma, Biyun Luo, Lei Huang, Tianqi Hu, Hongzhi Jia
A hollow anti-resonant fiber with nested and double cladding structure is proposed. By optimizing the structural parameters, the confinement loss reaches 4 × 10 − 4 dB / km at 1.55 μm, and the ratio of high-order mode loss to fundamental mode loss also reaches 20,000. In the O + E + S + C + L + U band, the loss is <0.01 dB / km and the ratio of high-order mode loss to fundamental mode loss is >103
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Digital glass forming of photonics Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Nicholas Capps, Chen Zhu, Jonathan Goldstein, Edward Kinzel
We investigate the digital glass forming process for depositing commercial SMF-28 single-mode optical fiber for photonic purposes. The process utilizes a CO2 laser to locally heat the feedstock to fuse it onto a fused quartz substrate. We focus on how altering the deposition parameters, including the laser power, feed rate, and path plan, affects the deposited fiber morphology and how this affects
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Laser-induced damage threshold based on thermal effects in high-purity silica optical fiber Opt. Eng. (IF 1.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Wenhua Lou, Yingshi Hu, Baonan Jia, Rundi Zhai, Xiaoguang Ma, Yongpan Gao, Pengfei Lu, Jun Chen
Laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) is investigated at several wavelengths in the high-purity silica optical fiber. The finite element method (FEM) is used to study transmission mode, LIDT, temperature distribution, and thermal stress distribution of the fiber. Our results show that the center of the front surface is subjected to severe thermal effects under laser irradiation and consequently, and