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Atom-resolved imaging with a silicon tip integrated into an on-chip scanning tunneling microscope Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Afshin Alipour, Emma L. Fowler, S. O. Reza Moheimani, James H. G. Owen, John N. Randall
Limited throughput is a shortcoming of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM), particularly when used for atomically precise lithography. To address this issue, we have developed an on-chip STM based on Microelectromechanical-Systems (MEMS) technology. The device reported here has one degree of freedom, replacing the Z axis in a conventional STM. The small footprint of the on-chip STM provides a great
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A hybrid simulator with novel bicone-wire grid antenna Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Shiji Li, Junna Li, Fangzheng Wu, Qixiang Huang, Yuhan Gong, Tian Yang, Jian Liu, Xiaoyu Zhou, Aici Qiu
The simulator is an indispensable device for the study of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) effects. In order to improve the quality of the electric field waveforms of the HEMP simulator, we carried out simulation and experimental studies for the biconical-wire grid antenna. A new bicone-wire grid antenna HEMP simulator was designed by using skeletonized cones instead of solid cones, which
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Design, fabrication, and characterization of a high-sensitivity integrated quartz vibrating beam accelerometer Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Cun Li, Hong Xue, Yulong Zhao
This paper describes the design, fabrication, and characterization of a quartz vibrating beam accelerometer consisting of a metal spring–mass and quartz double-ended tuning forks (DETFs). In this approach, the inertial force of the proof mass pulls or compresses the DETFs, affecting their resonance frequency and, thus, enabling the quasi-digital measurement of acceleration. An isolation structure was
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An annular pulse forming line based on coaxial transmission lines Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Xudong Qiu, Jiancang Su, Rui Li, Jie Cheng, Bo Zeng, Binxiong Yu, Yongdong Li
The miniaturization, lightweight, and solidification of pulse forming lines (PFLs) are of prime significance during the evolution of pulsed power technology. In this paper, an all-solid-state annular pulse forming line (APFL) based on film-insulated coaxial transmission lines is developed to generate fast-rise time quasi-square pulses. First, a coiled coaxial transmission line (CCTL) comprised of multilayer
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Experimental verification and rapid estimation of uncalibrated cable force via video-based and vibration-based measurements Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Yanhao Li, Ufuoma Joseph Udi, Mustafasanie M. Yussof, Xing Tan
The stayed-cable is an important component of cable-stayed bridges, with cable force being a focal point during construction and bridge operation. The advancement of camera and image processing technology has facilitated the integration of computer vision technology in structural inspection and monitoring. This paper focuses on enhancing cable force measurement methods and addressing the limitations
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High-precision characterization of quantum-cascade laser frequency response using wavelength modulation spectroscopy Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 M. H. Hlaing, Caio Azevedo, M. Amir Khan
This paper investigates the impact of the quantum cascade laser’s frequency modulation response on its tuning rate and tunability. We show a significant disparity in laser tuning rates and tunability between single and dual-frequency modulation schemes frequently used in typical direct absorption and wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) techniques. We show that the DC-characterized tuning rate
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A study on dynamic pressure sensor based on Pitot tube structure Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Hao Yu, Xiaofeng Wang, Yan Liu, Fan Bai
To meet the demand for the accurate measurements of the dynamic pressure of a shock wave, a composite dynamic pressure sensor design method is proposed based on the formation mechanism, propagation characteristics, special testing environment of the dynamic pressure, and Pitot tube structure. The dynamic pressure of the shock wave is evaluated by the total pressure and static pressure units installed
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Ultra-low noise front-end design for smart optical sensors with high sensitivity and wide dynamic range Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Hongshen Wan, Yunfei Meng, Zehua Wang, Zhenhui Du
Ultra-low noise is a critical component in the design of high-precision sensor front-ends. We introduced differential phase-sensitive detection (d-PSD) to mitigate both multiplicative and additive noise in optical sensors, aiming for an enhanced performance and cost-effectiveness. The d-PSD combines a capacitive transimpedance amplifier (C-TIA), a delta–sigma analog-to-digital converter (ΔΣ-ADC), and
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A multi-scale attention residual-based U-Net network for stroke electrical impedance tomography Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Jinzhen Liu, Liming Chen, Hui Xiong, Liying Zhang
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT), a non-invasive, radiation-free, and convenient imaging technique, has been widely used in the diagnosis of stroke. However, due to soft-field nonlinearity and the ill-posed inverse problem, EIT images always suffer from low spatial resolution. Therefore, a multi-scale convolutional attention residual-based U-Net (MARU-Net) network is proposed for stroke reconstruction
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Design and analysis of a microgripper for trans-scale clamping based on a compliant multistable mechanism Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Luqing Hu, Hongxi Wang, Guanwei Wang, Wenhong Liang
Piezoelectric actuators commonly used in microgrippers have a small stroke, and their accuracy is reduced by the transmission amplification unit, which leads to a contradiction between the clamping range and the clamping accuracy in existing piezoelectric-actuated microgrippers. This paper proposes a design scheme to divide the total clamping range of the microgripper into segments based on the compliant
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Method of kinetic energy reconstruction from time-of-flight mass spectra Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 A. Ngai, K. Dulitz, S. Hartweg, J. C. Franz, M. Mudrich, F. Stienkemeier
We present a method for the reconstruction of ion kinetic energy distributions from ion time-of-flight mass spectra through ion trajectory simulations. In particular, this method is applicable to complicated spectrometer geometries with largely anisotropic ion collection efficiencies. A calibration procedure using a single ion mass peak allows the accurate determination of parameters related to the
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A versatile laser-based apparatus for time-resolved ARPES with micro-scale spatial resolution Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 S. K. Y. Dufresne, S. Zhdanovich, M. Michiardi, B. G. Guislain, M. Zonno, V. Mazzotti, L. O’Brien, S. Kung, G. Levy, A. K. Mills, F. Boschini, D. J. Jones, A. Damascelli
We present the development of a versatile apparatus for 6.2 eV laser-based time and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with micrometer spatial resolution (time-resolved μ-ARPES). With a combination of tunable spatial resolution down to ∼11 μm, high energy resolution (∼11 meV), near-transform-limited temporal resolution (∼280 fs), and tunable 1.55 eV pump fluence up to 3 mJ/cm2, this time-resolved
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Femtosecond fluorescence conical optical parametric amplification spectroscopy Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Ennan Cui, Heyuan Liu, Zhuan Wang, Hailong Chen, Yu-Xiang Weng
Parametric superfluorescence (PSF), which originated from the optical amplification of vacuum quantum noise, is the primary noise source of femtosecond fluorescence non-collinear optical parametric amplification spectroscopy (FNOPAS). It severely affects the detection limit of FNOPAS to collect the femtosecond time-resolved spectra of extremely weak fluorescence. Here, we report the development of
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High-resolution MHz time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy based on a tunable vacuum ultraviolet source Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Lukas Hellbrück, Michele Puppin, Fei Guo, Daniel D. Hickstein, Siham Benhabib, Marco Grioni, J. Hugo Dil, Thomas LaGrange, Henrik M. Rønnow, Fabrizio Carbone
The time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (trARPES) allows for direct mapping of the electronic band structure and its dynamic response on femtosecond timescales. Here, we present a new ARPES system, powered by a new fiber-based femtosecond light source in the vacuum ultraviolet range, accessing the complete first Brillouin zone for most materials. We present trARPES data on Au(111),
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Application of two-dimensional temperature response functions for reconstruction of divertor heat flux profile in commercial fusion reactors Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 X. N. S. Bui, H. Matsuura, Y. Hayashi, K. Nagaoka, S. Masuzaki
To keep the tritium breeding rate TBR > 1 and to meet the high heat load and neutron shielding requirements for the first wall and divertor in fusion demonstration (DEMO) reactors, the number of port plugs and other openings must be limited. To accomplish this, it is necessary to develop alternatives to the use of infrared (IR) thermography to determine the peak heat flux and the heat flux profile
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Automatic detection system for steel skeleton size based on machine vision Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Huaxue Jin, Wei Fan, Xiaoya Chen, Wenbiao You, Ruifang Ye
Currently, most buildings are constructed using prefabricated concrete slabs supported by a steel skeleton that is generally tied and welded manually. However, if the overall size of the skeleton is incorrect and this error is not noticed before the concrete is poured, then a huge waste is incurred by having to scrap all the prefabricated slabs. Therefore, we propose an automatic system for measuring
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Scintillator-based Timepix3 detector for neutron spin-echo techniques using intensity modulation Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Fumiaki Funama, Su-Ann Chong, Matthew Loyd, Kazimierz J. Gofron, Yuxuan Zhang, Stephen J. Kuhn, Chen Zhang, Michael R. Fitzsimmons, Anton Khaplanov, Bogdan Vacaliuc, Lowell Crow, Fankang Li
A scintillator-based Timepix3 (TPX3) detector was developed to resolve the high-frequency modulation of a neutron beam in both spatial and temporal domains, as required for neutron spin-echo experiments. In this system, light from a scintillator is manipulated with an optical lens and is intensified using an image intensifier, making it detectable with the TPX3 chip. Two different scintillators, namely
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Rapid hollow fiber-coating device for thin film composite membrane preparation Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Dionysios S. Karousos, Francesco Chiesa, George V. Theodorakopoulos, Mirtat Bouroushian, Evangelos P. Favvas
Aligned with the recent trend and imperative to reduce separation layer thickness in gas separation membranes to the nanometer scale in order to raise permeance to levels that can render them competitive with respect to other gas separation technologies, a novel approach and device for fabricating defect-free composite hollow fiber (HF) membranes by dip-coating is described. The presented method avoids
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Extracting double-quantum coherence in two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy under pump–probe geometry Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Mao-Rui Cai, Xue Zhang, Zi-Qian Cheng, Teng-Fei Yan, Hui Dong
Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) can be implemented with different geometries, e.g., BOXCARS, collinear, and pump–probe geometries. The pump–probe geometry has the advantage of overlapping only two beams and reducing phase cycling steps. However, its applications are typically limited to observing the dynamics with single-quantum coherence and population, leaving the challenge to measure
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Optimization of the gamma reaction history diagnostic for double-shell pusher areal density and reaction history measurements on the National Ignition Facility Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 R. H. Dwyer, K. D. Meaney, H. Geppert-Kleinrath, E. N. Loomis, H. F. Robey, Z. L. Mohamed, C. Fry, Y. Kim
The double-shell inertial confinement fusion campaign, which consists of an aluminum ablator, a foam cushion, a high-Z pusher (tungsten or molybdenum), and liquid deuterium–tritium (DT) fuel, aims for its first DT filled implosions on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) in 2024. The high-Z, high density pusher does not allow x-rays to escape the double-shell capsule. Therefore, nuclear diagnostics
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A field programmable gate array based Langmuir probe system for measurement of plasma parameters at 500 kHz in a high-power impulse magnetron sputtering plasma Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 C. J. Hickling, S. Hall, J. R. Harrison, R. Sharples, J. W. Bradley
By utilizing Field Programmable Gate Arrays in a configuration similar to that of the Mirror Langmuir Probe, it is possible to bias a single probe at three precise voltages in sequence. These voltages can be dynamically adjusted in real-time based on the measured plasma electron temperature to ensure the transition region is always sampled. The first results have been obtained by employing this method
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A bio-inspired two-stage bionic drag reduction method Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Zhengjie Luo, Xuguang Jia, Shining Zhu, Pengfei Zhao, Kaisheng Zhang, Hao Guo
Reducing the surface resistance of underwater vehicles plays an important role in improving cruising speed and cruising mileage. The epidermis of loaches is not only covered with a layer of scale structure but also secretes mucus tissue with a lubricating effect, which makes loaches swim rapidly in muddy water. Study the morphology and structure of the skin of loach and establish a two-stage biomimetic
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Development of a multi-stage fog droplet screening system based on the virtual impact principle Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Liansi Sun, Yin Cheng, Jiaoshi Zhang, Dexia Wu, Jie Wang, Yixin Yang, Huaqiao Gui
Accurately measuring fog droplet spectra is essential for understanding fog’s formation, dissipation, and composition, which makes a challenge to the performance of droplet sampling and measurement systems. Standard particles such as glass beads are widely used to characterize their performance. However, the disparities between glass beads and fog droplets, including refractivity, size distribution
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Identification and dynamic monitoring of electrospinning jet assisted by coaxial laser Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Jiaxin Jiang, Zhengtao Sun, Zheyu Shi, Huatan Chen, Xiang Wang, Gaofeng Zheng, Ruifang Ye, Wenwang Li
The accurate and rapid detection and recognition of jet features are key to dynamic monitoring and online control of the electrospinning process. In this study, a real-time recognition system based on OpenCV was introduced into a coaxial laser-assisted electrospinning system to solve the difficulties of accurate jet recognition and to promote an image processing algorithm response. The jet images with
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Remarkable undercooling capability and metastable thermophysical properties of liquid Nb84.1Si15.9 alloy revealed by electrostatic levitation in outer space Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 J. Chang, H. P. Wang, H. Liao, D. N. Liu, C. H. Zheng, Q. Wang, M. X. Li, D. D. Zuo, B. Wei
The stable manipulation, high undercooling, and thermophysical property measurement of the liquid Nb84.1Si15.9 refractory alloy were successfully achieved by the electrostatic levitation technique on board the China Space Station. By controlling the superheating temperature, a maximum liquid undercooling up to 421 K (0.18 TL) was obtained in the space environment, and two distinct solidification paths
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A novel digital intermediate frequency module for hyperspectral microwave radiometers based on the parallel fast Fourier transform algorithm Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Xun Gong, Ling Tong, Bo Gao, Peicheng Wang, Xinyi Gao
Microwave radiometers, possessing all-day and all-weather operational capabilities, are extensively utilized in the exploration of planetary atmospheres and surfaces. The potential of the hyperspectral detection technology to enhance the precision and resolution of microwave radiometer detection has made it a crucial research focus. This paper introduces an intermediate frequency (IF) module for hyperspectral
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Infrared thermal imaging camera to measure low temperature thermal fields Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 E. Gordiyenko, Yu Fomenko, G. Shustakova, G. Kovalov, S. Shevchenko
To measure low-temperature thermal fields, we have developed a single-element cooled thermal imaging camera for a spectral range of 8–14 μm with an internal shutter for radiometric calibration. To improve the accuracy of measuring the temperature of cold objects, we used a shutter with a combined emissivity as an internal reference source of radiation at the input of the device optical unit. With this
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A continuous ultra-narrow impulse synchronizer using a monolithic field programmable gate array for fast deployment and scalability Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Yuli Ye, Xiongjie Zhang, Shuai Ma, Peng Li, Dexin Xiao, Kui Zhou, Xinfan Yang, Ming Li, Dai Wu, Feng Li, Ge Jin, Ziru Sang
Ultra-narrow pulses serve as critical components in numerous applications. These pulses have ultra-fast leading edges that typically function as precision trigger signals to synchronize various instruments. Ultra-narrow pulses inherently exhibit an ultra-wide bandwidth, gaining significant attention in diverse electronic systems encompassing communications, radar imaging, electronic warfare, and others
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Detection of doxycycline by using a tapered droplet structure fiber sensor Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Zhitao Yang, Shan Wang, Shijie Wang, Sijia Han, Lingzui Wei, Wenlong Yang
The abuse of doxycycline (DC) can lead to residues in animals and water environments, which severely threaten human health; however, currently accepted detection methods are generally complicated and cannot be used for real-time detection. Therefore, developing a method for rapid real-time detection of DC microcontent residues is highly important. Herein, based on the Mach–Zehnder interference, we
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Ion trap with in-vacuum high numerical aperture imaging for a dual-species modular quantum computer Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Allison L. Carter, Jameson O’Reilly, George Toh, Sagnik Saha, Mikhail Shalaev, Isabella Goetting, Christopher Monroe
Photonic interconnects between quantum systems will play a central role in both scalable quantum computing and quantum networking. Entanglement of remote qubits via photons has been demonstrated in many platforms; however, improving the rate of entanglement generation will be instrumental for integrating photonic links into modular quantum computers. We present an ion trap system that has the highest
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Low divergence cold-wall oven for loading ion traps Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Anand Prakash, Akhil Ayyadevara, E. Krishnakumar, S. A. Rangwala
We present a compact cold-wall oven that is simple to build and align for loading miniature ion traps with calcium ions. The cold-wall oven, which is a metal-loaded capillary heated only through a portion of its length by the passage of a current, is described and characterized. An atomic beam with a low divergence of 14 mrad is produced. We perform Doppler-sensitive, resonant fluorescence measurements
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Closed-cycle noble gas recycling system for high-repetition rate high-harmonic generation Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 J.-H. Oelmann, L. Guth, T. Heldt, N. Griesbach, R. Hector, N. Lackmann, J. Nauta, T. Pfeifer, J. R. Crespo López-Urrutia
We present a compact closed-loop recycling system for noble and inert gases. It has been developed for an extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) frequency comb based on high-harmonic generation at 100 MHz repetition rate. The system collects gas injected at several bars of backing pressure through a micrometer-sized nozzle into the laser-interaction region with a differential pumping system comprising turbomolecular
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Single-shot fast cinematic imaging during merging process of multiple electron filaments in electrostatic potential well Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 T. Okada, H. Himura, Y. Nakajima, A. Sanpei
For the first time, details of the spatial and temporal acceptable evolution of the merging process of co-rotating electron vortices in a potential well are successfully captured using a “single-shot method” with a high temporal resolution of 10 µs. Four-electron filaments are trapped inside the Beam eXperiment-Upgrade linear trap [H. Himura, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 811, 100 (2016)] with
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Optical-pump–terahertz-probe spectroscopy in high magnetic fields with kHz single-shot detection Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Blake S. Dastrup, Peter R. Miedaner, Zhuquan Zhang, Keith A. Nelson
We demonstrate optical pump–THz probe (OPTP) spectroscopy with a variable external magnetic field (0–9 T), in which the time-dependent THz signal is measured by echelon-based single-shot detection at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The method reduces data acquisition times by more than an order of magnitude compared to conventional electro-optic sampling using a scanning delay stage. The approach illustrates
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A linear cross-coupled gate-driven quasi-floating bulk low-power wide input range transconductor Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Kulbhushan Sharma, Ashish Sachdeva
High linearity for a wider input voltage range and low-power operation of the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) are indispensable parameters for health care applications, which require high quality and accurate signal conditioning. However, achieving low-power operation along with high linearity at low supply voltages is challenging for OTA using conventional low-power and linearization
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Design and construction of a refrigerator-cooled adiabatic calorimeter for heat capacity measurement in liquid helium temperature region Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Ji-Peng Luo, Nan Yin, Jia-Bao Lu, Zhi-Cheng Tan, Quan Shi
Heat capacity is a fundamental thermodynamic property of a substance. Although heat capacity values and related thermodynamic functions are available for many materials, low-temperature heat capacity measurements, especially for novel materials, can still provide valuable insights for research in physics, chemistry, thermodynamics, and other fields. Reliable low-temperature heat capacity data are typically
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Hollow microsphere probes formed by hollow core optical fiber discharging for monitoring gas pressure and temperature Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Tingshui Cao, Chao Jiang, Ting Fang, Xiaoshan Guo, Simei Sun, Guozhou Jiang, Yukun Shu, Huiling Huang
A hollow core fiber (HCF) is spliced with a single-mode fiber, and then, the end face of the HCF is etched to form a microsphere interferometer for measuring gas pressure and environmental temperature. The total length of each microsphere is less than 200 μm. We fabricated two such structures and used femtosecond laser pulses to drill micro-holes on the HCF walls of both structures. One of the structures
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Research on aircraft skin rivet detection technology based on the normal vector-density clustering algorithm Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Lulu Huang, Xiang Huang
Riveting quality is crucial to an aircraft’s overall aerodynamic performance and fatigue life. In order to effectively extract the point cloud of rivet heads and analyze the quality of riveting, this paper proposes a rivet flushness detection method based on the normal vector-density clustering algorithm. First, initial point cloud data sampling is based on normal vectors. Then, the density clustering
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Shape reconstruction of axisymmetric Taylor bubbles using conductivity probes through a scheme of combined experiment and theory Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Souvik Mandal, Prasanta Kumar Das, Karabi Biswas
A simple measurement scheme is proposed to reconstruct the geometry of an axisymmetric void propagating through a conducting liquid using a pair of parallel wire conductivity probes. An experimental study allows for obtaining the time variation of the resistance of the film surrounding the void. Analytical modeling and numerical simulation has been adopted to correlate the resistance between the wire
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Sinusoidal transmission grating spectrometer for extreme ultraviolet measurement Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 N. Kliss, J. Wengrowicz, J. Papeer, Y. Mazuz-Herpaz, E. Porat, A. Zigler, Y. Frank
Spectral measurements play a vital role in understanding laser–plasma interactions. The ability to accurately measure the spectrum of radiation sources is crucial for unraveling the underlying physics. In this article, we introduce a novel approach that significantly enhances the efficiency of binary sinusoidal transmission grating spectrometers . The grating was tailored especially for Extreme Ultraviolet
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Tuning methods for multigap drift tube linacs Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 O. Shelbaya, R. Baartman, P. Braun, P. M. Jung, O. Kester, T. Planche, H. Podlech, S. D. Rädel
Multigap cavities are used extensively in linear accelerators to achieve velocities up to a few percent of the speed of light, driving nuclear physics research around the world. Unlike for single-gap structures, there is no closed-form expression to calculate the output beam parameters from the cavity voltage and phase. To overcome this, we propose to use a method based on the integration of the first
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Controlling crystal cleavage in focused ion beam shaped specimens for surface spectroscopy Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 A. Hunter, C. Putzke, I. Gaponenko, A. Tamai, F. Baumberger, P. J. W. Moll
Our understanding of quantum materials is commonly based on precise determinations of their electronic spectrum by spectroscopic means, most notably angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and scanning tunneling microscopy. Both require atomically clean and flat crystal surfaces, which are traditionally prepared by in situ mechanical cleaving in ultrahigh vacuum chambers. We present a new
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Laser temperature programmed desorption: A flexible technique to study ion-surface interaction Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 M. Minissale, A. Dunand, P. Hiret, J.-B. Faure, C. Grisolia, T. Angot, L. Gallais, R. Bisson
Understanding the physical–chemical processes ruling the interaction of particles (atoms, molecules, and ions) with surfaces is fundamental in several research fields, such as heterogeneous catalysis, astrochemistry, and nuclear fusion. In particular, the interaction of hydrogen isotopes with plasma facing materials represents a high-priority research task in the fusion community. Such studies are
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Portable Thomson scattering system for temporally resolved plasma measurements under low density conditions Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 N. Yamamoto, A. P. Yalin
We present the development of a portable Thomson scattering diagnostic system allowing simultaneous spatially and temporally resolved plasma property measurements for low density plasmas. The setup uses a compact pulsed Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) as the light source with suppression by two volume Bragg grating notch filters and dispersion with a single-stage spectrometer before measurement with an intensified
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Python Red Pitaya Lockbox (PyRPL): An open source software package for digital feedback control in quantum optics experiments Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Leonhard Neuhaus, Michaël Croquette, Rémi Metzdorff, Sheon Chua, Pierre-Edouard Jacquet, Alexandre Journeaux, Antoine Heidmann, Tristan Briant, Thibaut Jacqmin, Pierre-François Cohadon, Samuel Deléglise
We present the Python Red Pitaya Lockbox (PyRPL), an open source software package that allows the implementation of automatic digital feedback controllers for quantum optics experiments on commercially available, affordable Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) boards. Our software implements the digital generation of various types of error signals, from an analog input through the application of loop
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Calibration of MAJIS (Moons And Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer). III. Spectral calibration Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Paolo Haffoud, François Poulet, Mathieu Vincendon, Gianrico Filacchione, Alessandra Barbis, Pierre Guiot, Benoit Lecomte, Yves Langevin, Giuseppe Piccioni, Cydalise Dumesnil, Sébastien Rodriguez, John Carter, Stefani Stefania, Leonardo Tommasi, Federico Tosi, Cédric Pilorget
The Moons And Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer (MAJIS) is the visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer onboard the European Space Agency (ESA)’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer mission. Before its integration into the spacecraft, the instrument undergoes an extensive ground calibration to establish its baseline performances. This process prepares the imaging spectrometer for flight operations by characterizing
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Low-noise cryogenic microwave amplifier characterization with a calibrated noise source Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 M. Malnou, T. F. Q. Larson, J. D. Teufel, F. Lecocq, J. Aumentado
Parametric amplifiers have become a workhorse in superconducting quantum computing; however, research and development of these devices has been hampered by inconsistent and, sometimes, misleading noise performance characterization methodologies. The concepts behind noise characterization are deceptively simple, and there are many places where one can make mistakes, either in measurement or in interpretation
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Thermally stable Peltier controlled vacuum chamber for electrical transport measurements Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 S. F. Poole, O. J. Amin, A. Solomon, L. X. Barton, R. P. Campion, K. W. Edmonds, P. Wadley
The design, manufacture, and characterization of an inexpensive, temperature-controlled vacuum chamber with millikelvin stability for electrical transport measurements at and near room temperature is reported. A commercially available Peltier device and a high-precision temperature controller are used to actively heat and cool the sample space. The system was designed to minimize thermal fluctuations
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Evaluation of silicon and indium gallium arsenide photodiodes as direct timing detectors for pulsed x-ray systems Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Cameron B. Brown, Dennis K. Remelius, Laura B. Smilowitz
Benchtop pulsed x-ray systems are commonly used to record dynamic material data on the order of nanoseconds, but pulse timing is often difficult to accurately determine. This study demonstrates that commercially available photodiodes can be used effectively for direct x-ray pulse detection without the need for visible light scintillators. X-ray pulses from four commercially available flash x-ray systems
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Design and development of a horizontal contact separated (HCS) test setup for measuring the performance of triboelectric nanogenerator for sustainable energy harvesting applications Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Shailendra Kumar, Rajesh Kumar Jha, Prashant Sharma, Ankur Goswami
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can play a pivotal role in harnessing non-utilized reciprocating motion and convert it into electrical energy that can later be stored in a battery or capacitor to power various Internet of Things-based smart electronic and wearable devices. Herein, we designed a cost-effective instrumental test bed focused on investigating the output performance of a horizontal
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Implementation of a laser–neutron pump–probe capability for inelastic neutron scattering Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 C. Hua, D. A. Tennant, A. T. Savici, V. Sedov, G. Sala, B. Winn
Knowledge about nonequilibrium dynamics in spin systems is of great importance to both fundamental science and technological applications. Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) is an indispensable tool to study spin excitations in complex magnetic materials. However, conventional INS spectrometers currently only perform steady-state measurements and probe averaged properties over many collision events
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In situ cell for grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction on thin films in thermal catalysis Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Lukas Thum, Manuela Arztmann, Ivo Zizak, René Grüneberger, Alexander Steigert, Nico Grimm, Dirk Wallacher, Rutger Schlatmann, Daniel Amkreutz, Albert Gili
A cell for synchrotron-based grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction at ambient pressures and moderate temperatures in a controlled gas atmosphere is presented. The cell is suited for the in situ study of thin film samples under catalytically relevant conditions. To some extent, in addition to diffraction, the cell can be simultaneously applied for x-ray reflectometry and fluorescence studies. Different
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Micro-kelvin temperature-stable system for biocalorimetry applications Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Kanishka Panda, Rohith Mittapally, Pramod Reddy, Swathi Yadlapalli, Edgar Meyhofer
Achieving micro-kelvin (µK) temperature stability is critical for many calorimetric applications. For example, sub-nanowatt resolution biocalorimetry requires stabilization of the temperature of the calorimeter to µK levels. Here, we describe how µK temperature stability can be accomplished in a prototypical calorimetric system consisting of two nested shields and a suspended capillary tube, which
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Experimental measurement of a multi-pole magnetorheological fluid clutch under air cooling Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Jie Wu, Yuhang Liu, Hongyang Xie
Thermal characteristics have a profound effect on the allowable slip power and torque transmission stability of magnetorheological (MR) fluid devices. This paper investigates the thermal properties of a multi-pole MR clutch under different heat dissipation methods. First, the structure of the clutch is described, and heat generation and heat dissipation of the designed clutch are studied theoretically
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Analysis of heat flow in modified transient plane source (MTPS) measurements of the thermal effusivity and thermal conductivity of materials Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Sooyeon Yeon, David G. Cahill
An iterative algorithm for the diffusion of heat in layered structures is solved in cylindrical coordinates for the geometry used in measurements of thermophysical properties of materials by the modified transient plane source (MTPS) method. This solution for the frequency-domain temperature response is then used to model the transient temperature excursion and evaluate the accuracy of the measurements
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Advances in high-pressure laser floating zone growth: The Laser Optical Kristallmacher II (LOKII) Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Steven J. Gomez Alvarado, Eli Zoghlin, Azzedin Jackson, Linus Kautzsch, Jayden Plumb, Michael Aling, Andrea N. Capa Salinas, Ganesh Pokharel, Yiming Pang, Reina M. Gomez, Samantha Daly, Stephen D. Wilson
The optical floating zone crystal growth technique is a well-established method for obtaining large, high-purity single crystals. While the floating zone method has been constantly evolving for over six decades, the development of high-pressure (up to 1000 bar) growth systems has only recently been realized via the combination of laser-based heating sources with an all-metal chamber. While our inaugural
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Miniaturized time-correlated single-photon counting module for time-of-flight non-line-of-sight imaging applications Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Jie Wu, Chao Yu, Jian-Wei Zeng, Chen Dai, Feihu Xu, Jun Zhang
Single-photon time-of-flight (TOF) non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging enables the high-resolution reconstruction of objects outside the field of view. The compactness of TOF NLOS imaging systems, entailing the miniaturization of key components within such systems, is crucial for practical applications. Here, we present a miniaturized four-channel time-correlated single-photon counting module dedicated
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Realization of a composite ferroelectric characterization test system using a modified constant current method and a modified virtual ground method Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Ding-Yeong Wang
A composite ferroelectric characterization test system constructed using a modified constant current method (CCM) and a modified virtual ground method (VGM) has been successfully designed and implemented. By sending instructions to the microcontroller through software, the system’s test mode can be easily changed by arranging the switching status of six switching elements. When validating the system
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The industrial robot reducer testing instrument dynamic torsional moment measurement error calibration, based on the Bisquare curve fitting–improved Bayes particle swarm optimization–nonlinear echo state network (BCF–IBPSO–NESN) method Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Zhen Yu, Yuan Zhang, Xiaomin Liu, Qi An, Shuangfu Suo
Industrial robots are important components in the production and manufacturing industry. As a core component of the industrial robot, the industrial robot reducer plays a crucial role in the performance of the entire industrial robot. The error analysis and accuracy traceability of the industrial robot reducer testing instrument are of great significance in improving the quality of the precision reducer
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Fabrication and characterization of smart titanium alloy bolt based on high-frequency piezoelectric thin-film Rev. Sci. Instrum. (IF 1.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Min Zhang, Shuang Liu, Huan Zhan, Zhongrui Sun, Wenping Qiu, Guanpin Ren, Ru Li, Xingjun Xiang, Hai Wang
We reported here on the fabrication and characterization of a smart titanium alloy bolt based on a high-frequency piezoelectric thin-film sensor. The thin-film sensor was directly deposited on a titanium alloy bolt head with radio frequency magnetron sputtering and characterized by a scanning electron microscope and an atomic force microscope. The ultrasonic characteristics of the smart bolt, which