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Implementation of Community Health Worker Support for Tobacco Cessation: A Mixed-Methods Study medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Cheryl Y. S. Foo, Kevin Potter, Lindsay Nielsen, Aarushi Rohila, Melissa Culhane Maravic, Kristina Schnitzer, Gladys N. Pachas, Douglas E. Levy, Sally Reyering, Anne N. Thorndike, Corinne Cather, A. Eden Evins
Objective Adults with serious mental illness have high tobacco use disorder rates and underutilization of first-line tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy. In a randomized trial, participants offered community health worker (CHW) support and primary care provider (PCP) education had higher tobacco abstinence rates at two years, partly through increased tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy initiation. This
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Longitudinal evolution of the transdiagnostic prodrome to severe mental disorders: a dynamic temporal network analysis informed by natural language processing and electronic health records medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Maite Arribas, Joseph M. Barnby, Rashmi Patel, Robert A. McCutcheon, Daisy Kornblum, Hitesh Shetty, Kamil Krakowski, Daniel Stahl, Nikolaos Koutsouleris, Philip McGuire, Paolo Fusar-Poli, Dominic Oliver
Importance Modelling the prodrome to severe mental disorders (SMD), including unipolar mood disorders (UMD), bipolar mood disorders (BMD) and psychotic disorders (PSY), should consider both the evolution and interactions of symptoms and substance use (prodromal features) over time. Temporal network analysis can detect causal dependence between and within prodromal features by representing prodromal
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Contribution of autosomal rare and de novo variants to sex differences in autism medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Mahmoud Koko, F. Kyle Satterstrom, Autism Sequencing Consortium, APEX consortium, Varun Warrier, Hilary Martin
Autism is four times more prevalent in males than females. To study whether this reflects a difference in genetic predisposition attributed to autosomal rare variants, we evaluated the sex differences in effect size of damaging protein-truncating and missense variants on autism predisposition in 47,061 autistic individuals, then compared effect sizes between individuals with and without cognitive impairment
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Prevalence of physical and mental health problems among internally displaced persons in white nile state, sudan 2023 medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Ali, Omran aldoma Mohammed Adam, Sarah Altayeb Mustafa Salem, Sara Hamad Ibrahim Hamad, Nosiba Elnair Musa Ahmed, Hassan Mohamed Ahmed Ali, Aseel Abass Mohamed Abass, Hiba-Allah Abass Mohamed Abass, Abubaker Izz-Eldein Albasher, Mawada Eltagi Elsayid Yousif, Fadwa Elfadil Ahmed Abdalla, Osman AlShazly Osman Abd-alaziz, Samar Bushra Mohammed Ahmed, Shaima Abdelbagi Ahmed Al-Obaid
INTRODUCTION Despite efforts globally, internally displaced persons (IDPs) face poor living conditions and limited healthcare access compared to refugees. They commonly suffer from malaria, malnutrition, diarrhoea, and respiratory infections, along with mental health issues like depression and PTSD. Severe malnutrition poses significant health risks in the short and long term, especially in developing
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Relationship between Striatal Connectivity and Apathy during Phosphodiesterase 10 Inhibition in Schizophrenia medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Wolfgang Omlor, Giacomo Cecere, Gao-Yang Huang, Finn Rabe, Nils Kallen, Matthias Kirschner, Werner Surbeck, Achim Burrer, Tobias Spiller, George Garibaldi, Štefan Holiga, Juergen Dukart, Daniel Umbricht, Philipp Homan
Negative symptoms in schizophrenia remain a challenge with limited therapeutic strategies. The novel compound RG7203 promotes reward learning via dopamine D1-dependent signaling and therefore holds promise to improve especially the apathy dimension of negative symptoms. When tested as add-on to antipsychotic medication apathy did not change significantly with RG7203 versus placebo. However, the response
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Physical activity, low-grade inflammation, and psychological responses to the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults in England medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Martin N. Danka, Andrew Steptoe, Eleonora Iob
Mental health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have been widely studied, but less is known about the potentially protective role of physical activity (PA) and the impact of low-grade inflammation. Using a sample of older adults from England, this study tested (1) if pre-pandemic PA and its changes during the pandemic were associated with mental health responses; (2) if older adults with low-grade
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PTSD, Comorbidities, Gender, and Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in a Large Military Cohort medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-15 David S. Krantz, Frances H. Gabbay, Elizabeth A. Belleau, Pablo A. Aliaga, Gary H. Wynn, Murray B. Stein, Robert J. Ursano, James A. Naifeh
Importance Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent mental health problem that increases risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is not known whether gender or comorbidities modify associations between PTSD and CVD.
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Identifying subtypes of youth suicidality based on psychopathology: alterations in genetic, neuroanatomical and environmental features medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Xinran Wu, Lena Palaniyappan, Laura van Velzen, Gechang Yu, Huanxin Fan, Liu Yu, Benjamin Becker, Wei Cheng, Xingming Zhao, Jianfeng Feng, Barbara J. Sahakian, Trevor W. Robbins, Gunter Schumann, Lianne Schmaal, Jie Zhang
One of the most complex human behaviours that defies singular explanatory models is suicidal behaviour, especially in the youth. A promising approach to make progress with this conundrum is to parse distinct subtypes of this behaviour. Utilizing 1,624 children with suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) and 3,224 healthy controls from the ABCD Study, we clustered children with STB based on thirty-four
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The immune checkpoint pathophysiology of depression and chronic fatigue syndrome due to preeclampsia: focus on sCD80 and sCTLA-4 medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Jangir Sami Omar, Niaz Albarzinji, Mengqi Niu, Naz Hawree Taher, Bayar Aram, Mohammed Salam Sulaiman, Shatha Rouf Moustafa, Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim, Michael Maes
Background Neuropsychiatric disorders in preeclampsia (PE) women are prevalent and worsen PE outcome. Immune-related biomarkers including soluble sCD80 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (sCTLA-4) are not well studied in relation to depression, anxiety, and chronic fatigue due to PE.
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Integrating virtual reality, electroencephalography, and transcranial magnetic stimulation to study the neural origin of the sublime: The SUBRAIN protocol medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Elena Bondi, Flavia Carbone, Marta Pizzolante, Giandomenico Schiena, Adele Ferro, Maddalena Mazzocut-Mis, Andrea Gaggioli, Alice Chirico, Paolo Brambilla, Eleonora Maggioni
Introduction Awe is a complex emotion unveiling a positive and mixed nature, which resembles the Romantic feeling of the Sublime. It has increasingly become the object of scientific investigation in the last twenty years. However, its underlying brain mechanisms are still unclear. To fully capture its nature in the lab, researchers have increasingly relied on virtual reality (VR) as an emotion-elicitation
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Screening for psychotic experiences and psychotic disorders in general psychiatric settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Jacqueline A. Clauss, Cheryl Y. S. Foo, Catherine J. Leonard, Katherine N. Dokholyan, Corinne Cather, Daphne J. Holt
Background The absence of systematic screening for psychosis within general psychiatric services contribute to substantial treatment delays and poor long-term outcomes. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate rates of psychotic experiences, clinical high-risk for psychosis syndrome (CHR-P), and psychotic disorders identified by screening treatment-seeking individuals to inform implementation recommendations
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The LEADING Guideline: Reporting Standards for Expert Panel, Best-Estimate Diagnosis, and Longitudinal Expert All Data (LEAD) Studies medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Veerle C Eijsbroek, Katarina Kjell, H Andrew Schwartz, Jan R Boehnke, Eiko I Fried, Daniel N Klein, Peik Gustafsson, Isabelle Augenstein, Patrick M M Bossuyt, Oscar Kjell
Accurate assessments of symptoms and diagnoses are essential for health research and clinical practice but face many challenges. The absence of a single error-free measure is currently addressed by assessment methods involving experts reviewing several sources of information to achieve a more accurate or best-estimate assessment. Three bodies of work spanning medicine, psychiatry, and psychology propose
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Polygenic scores for autism are associated with neurite density in adults and children from the general population medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-13 Yuanjun Gu, Eva Maria-Stauffer, Saashi A. Bedford, APEX consortium, iPSYCH-autism consortium, Rafael Romero-Garcia, Jakob Grove, Anders D. Børglum, Hilary Martin, Simon Baron-Cohen, Richard A.I. Bethlehem, Varun Warrier
Genetic variants linked to autism are thought to change cognition and behaviour by altering the structure and function of the brain. Although a substantial body of literature has identified structural brain differences in autism, it is unknown whether autism-associated common genetic variants are linked to changes in cortical macro- and micro-structure. We investigated this using neuroimaging and genetic
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The recurrence of illness (ROI) index is a key factor in major depression that indicates increasing immune-linked neurotoxicity and vulnerability to suicidal behaviors medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-13 Michael Maes, Ketsupar Jirakran, Asara Vasupanrajit, Mengqi Niu, Bo Zhou, Drozdstoj St. Stoyanov, Chavit Tunvirachaisakul
Background The first author of this paper introduced new precision nomothetic models for a major depressive episode (MDD) which incorporate quantitative scores that measure recurrence of illness (ROI).
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Exploring the Perspectives of Clients and Clinicians Regarding Digitally Delivered Psychotherapies Utilized for Trauma-Affected Populations medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-13 Sidney Yap, Rashell Wozniak, Katherine Bright, Matthew RG Brown, Lisa Burback, Jake Hayward, Olga Winkler, Kristopher Wells, Chelsea Jones, Phillip R. Sevigny, Megan McElheran, Keith Zukiwski, Andrew J Greenshaw, Suzette Brémault-Phillips
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many clinical sites shifted towards digital delivery of mental health services. However, there is still much to learn regarding using digitally delivered psychotherapies in trauma-affected populations, including military members, Veterans, and public safety personnel. This study examined perceptions of psychotherapies utilized for trauma-maffected populations, as reported
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“Accumulating harm and waiting for crisis”: Parents’ perspectives of accessing Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services for their autistic child experiencing mental health difficulties medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-13 Emma Ashworth, Lucy Bray, Claire Hanlon, Harvey Stanway, Georgia Pavlopoulou, David Moore, Bethany Donaghy, Elizabeth Coen, Ellen Firth
Background Autistic children and young people are at increased risk of mental health difficulties, but often face barriers when seeking help from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). There is limited literature exploring the accessibility of CAMHS for autistic young people, particularly from parents’ perspectives. The present study aimed to 1) explore the experiences of parents/carers
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Predicting involuntary admission following inpatient psychiatric treatment using machine learning trained on electronic health record data medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Erik Perfalk, Jakob Grøhn Damgaard, Martin Bernstorff, Lasse Hansen, Andreas Aalkjær Danielsen, Søren Dinesen Østergaard
Background Involuntary admissions to psychiatric hospitals are on the rise. If patients at elevated risk of involuntary admission could be identified, prevention may be possible.
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Differential Serum Levels of CACNA1C, Circadian Rhythm and Stress Response Molecules in Subjects with Bipolar Disorder: Associations with Genetic and Clinical Factors medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Obie Allen, Brandon J. Coombes, Vanessa Pazdernik, Barbara Gisabella, Joshua Hartley, Joanna M. Biernacka, Mark A. Frye, Matej Markota, Harry Pantazopoulos
Background Many patients with bipolar disorder (BD) do not respond to or have difficulties tolerating lithium and/or other mood stabilizing agents. There is a need for personalized treatments based on biomarkers in guiding treatment options. The calcium voltage-gated channel CACNA1C is a promising candidate for developing personalized treatments. CACNA1C is implicated in BD by genome-wide association
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Optimizing Antidepressant Efficacy: Multimodal Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Prediction of Treatment Response medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Xiaoyu Tong, Kanhao Zhao, Gregory A. Fonzo, Hua Xie, Nancy B. Carlisle, Corey J. Keller, Desmond J. Oathes, Yvette Sheline, Charles B. Nemeroff, Leanne M. Williams, Madhukar Trivedi, Amit Etkin, Yu Zhang
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and often severe condition that profoundly diminishes quality of life for individuals across ages and demographic groups. Unfortunately, current antidepressant and psychotherapeutic treatments exhibit limited efficacy and unsatisfactory response rates in a substantial number of patients. The development of effective therapies for MDD is hindered by the insufficiently
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Exploring the causal effect of placental physiology in susceptibility to mental and addictive disorders: a Mendelian randomization study medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Pablo Jácome-Ferrer, Javier Costas
Background Epidemiological studies have linked low birth weight to psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders. Genomic analyses suggest a role of placental physiology on psychiatric risk. We investigated whether this association is causally related to impaired trophoblast function.
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Which outcomes should be included in a core outcome set for capturing and measuring doctor well-being? A Delphi study medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Gemma Simons, Naomi Klepacz, David S. Baldwin
Objectives To develop a core outcome set (COS) to capture and measure the well-being of doctors working in the NHS.
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Receiving information on machine learning-based clinical decision support systems in psychiatric services may increase patient trust in these systems: A randomised survey experiment medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Erik Perfalk, Martin Bernstorff, Andreas Aalkjær Danielsen, Søren Dinesen Østergaard
Background Clinical decision support systems based on machine learning (ML) models are emerging within psychiatry. If patients do not trust this technology, its implementation may disrupt the patient-clinician relationship. Therefore, we examined whether receiving basic information about ML-based clinical decision support systems increased trust in them.
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Isolating transdiagnostic effects reveals specific genetic profiles in psychiatric disorders medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-11 Engin Keser, Wangjingyi Liao, Andrea G. Allegrini, Kaili Rimfeld, Thalia C. Eley, Robert Plomin, Margherita Malanchini
Evidence indicates a great degree of genetic overlap between psychiatric diagnoses. Accounting for these transdiagnostic effects can sharpen research on disorder-specific genetic architecture. Here we isolate genetic effects that are shared across 11 major psychiatric disorders (p factor) to gain further insight into genetic specificity and comorbidity over and above that contributed by the p factor
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Evaluating the causal relationship between educational attainment and mental health medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-11 Perline A. Demange, Dorret I. Boomsma, Elsje van Bergen, Michel G. Nivard
We investigate the causal relationship between educational attainment (EA) and mental health using two research designs. First, we compare the relationship between EA and 18 psychiatric diagnoses within sibship in Dutch national registry data (N=1.7 million), thereby controlling for unmeasured familial factors. Second, we apply two-sample Mendelian Randomization, which uses genetic variants related
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Coping with Cannabis During Pregnancy: Trajectories of Depression, Stress, and Cannabis Use across the Prenatal Period medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-11 Anna Constantino-Pettit, Rebecca Tillman, Jillian Wilson, Nicole Lashley-Simms, Naazanene Vatan, Azaria Atkinson, Shelby Leverett, Shannon Lenze, Christopher Smyser, Ryan Bogdan, Cynthia Rogers, Arpana Agrawal
Objective We examined trajectories of stress, depression, and cannabis use across the prenatal period. We also investigated whether individuals who reported using cannabis to alleviate stress and depressive symptoms experienced symptom relief across the prenatal period.
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Unveiling the Burden of Drug-Induced Impulsivity: A Network Analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Michele Fusaroli, Stefano Polizzi, Luca Menestrina, Valentina Giunchi, Luca Pellegrini, Emanuel Raschi, Daniel Weintraub, Maurizio Recanatini, Gastone Castellani, Fabrizio De Ponti, Elisabetta Poluzzi
Introduction Impulsivity induced by dopaminergic agents, like pramipexole and aripiprazole, can lead to behavioral addictions impacting social functioning and quality of life of patients and families (e.g., resulting in unemployment, marital problems, anxiety). These secondary effects, interconnected in networks of signs and symptoms, are usually overlooked by clinical trials, not reported in package
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Computationally-informed insights into anhedonia and treatment by κ-opioid receptor antagonism medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Bilal A. Bari, Andrew D. Krystal, Diego A. Pizzagalli, Samuel J. Gershman
Anhedonia, the loss of pleasure, is prevalent and impairing. Parsing its computational basis promises to explain its transdiagnostic character. We argue that one manifestation of anhedonia— reward insensitivity—may be linked to limited memory capacity. Further, the need to economize on limited capacity engenders a perseverative bias towards frequently chosen actions. Anhedonia may also be linked with
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Self-Construal and Attentional Biases in Cognitive Processing: Insights from Chinese College Students for Mental Health Contexts medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Jing Li, Sijia Liu, Hongsheng Peng, Liwu Tang, Lin Yuan
This study integrates Markus and Kitayama’s self-construal theory with the Biopsychosocial Model to examine the effects of self-construal on cognitive biases and their implications for mental health among Chinese college students. It investigates how independent (IndSC) and interdependent (InterSC) self-construals influence cognitive biases towards positive and negative stimuli, emphasizing the mediating
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Kufor-Rakeb Syndrome-Associated Psychosis: A Novel Loss-of-Function ATP13A2 Variant and Response to Treatment medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Mark Colijn, Stephanie Vrijsen, Ping Yee Billie Au, Rania Abu El Asrar, Marine Houdou, Chris Van den haute, Justyna Sarna, Greg Montgomery, Peter Vangheluwe
Biallelic (autosomal recessive) pathogenic variants in ATP13A2 cause a form of juvenile-onset parkinsonism, termed Kufor-Rakeb syndrome. In addition to motor symptoms, a variety of other neurological and psychiatric symptoms may occur in affected individuals, including supranuclear gaze palsy, spasticity, and cognitive decline. Although psychotic symptoms are often reported, response to antipsychotic
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Continued underutilization with pronounced geographic variation in clozapine use medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Luke R. Cavanah, Maria Y. Tian, Jessica L. Goldhirsh, Leighton Y. Huey, Brian J. Piper
Introduction Schizophrenia-spectrum disorders are debilitating and contribute to a substantial economic burden. Clinicians have historically underutilized clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic traditionally reserved for use in treatment-resistant schizophrenia, due to the medication’s adverse effect profile and associated management requirements, concerns of poor treatment adherence, and poor training/exposure
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Linking GWAS to pharmacological treatments for psychiatric disorders medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Aurina Arnatkeviciute, Alex Fornito, Janette Tong, Ken Pang, Ben D. Fulcher, Mark A. Bellgrove
Importance Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are expected to inform the development of pharmacological treatments, however the mechanisms of correspondence between the genetic liability identified through GWASs and disease pathophysiology are not well understood.
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The efficacy of psychological interventions for child and adolescent PTSD: a network meta-analysis medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Thole H. Hoppen, Lena Wessarges, Marvin Jehn, Julian Mutz, Ahlke Kip, Pascal Schlechter, Richard Meiser-Stedman, Nexhmedin Morina
Pediatric post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and debilitating mental disorder and its effective treatment constitutes a health priority. Numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have examined the efficacy of psychological interventions for pediatric PTSD. Yet, a comprehensive network meta-analysis (NMA) is lacking. The present work addresses this gap. A total of 67 RCTs met the inclusion
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Reliability and Validity of the Brief Attention and Mood Scale of 7 Items (BAMS-7): A Self-Administered, Online, and Real-World Measure medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Kevin P. Madore, Allen M. Osman, Kelsey R. Kerlan, Robert J. Schafer
Given changes in technology, regulatory guidance, and COVID-19, there has been an explosion in the number of online studies in the social and clinical sciences. This, in turn, has led to a need for brief and accessible instruments that are designed and characterized with self-administered, online research in mind. To fulfill this need, the Brief Attention and Mood Scale of 7 Items (BAMS-7) was developed
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Longitudinal course of inflammatory-cognitive subgroups across first treatment severe mental illness and healthy controls medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Linn Sofie Sæther, Thor Ueland, Beathe Haatveit, Anja Vaskinn, Camilla Bärthel Flaaten, Christine Mohn, Monica B. E.G. Ormerod, Pål Aukrust, Ingrid Melle, Nils Eiel Steen, Ole A. Andreassen, Torill Ueland
Background While inflammation is associated with cognitive impairment in severe mental illnesses (SMI), there is substantial heterogeneity and evidence of transdiagnostic subgroups across schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar (BD) spectrum disorders. There is however, limited knowledge about the longitudinal course of this relationship.
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Risks from Language Models for Automated Mental Healthcare: Ethics and Structure for Implementation medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Declan Grabb, Max Lamparth, Nina Vasan
Amidst the growing interest in developing task-autonomous AI for automated mental health care, this paper addresses the ethical and practical challenges associated with the issue and proposes a structured framework that delineates levels of autonomy, outlines ethical requirements, and defines beneficial default behaviors for AI agents in the context of mental health support. We also evaluate ten state-of-the-art
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Associations between structural brain changes and blood neurofilament light chain protein in treatment-resistant schizophrenia medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Brandon-Joe Cilia, Dhamidhu Eratne, Cassandra Wannan, Charles Malpas, Shorena Janelidze, Oskar Hansson, Ian Everall, Chad Bousman, Naveen Thomas, Alexander F Santillo, Dennis Velakoulis, Christos Pantelis
Background and Hypothesis Around 30% of people with schizophrenia are refractory to antipsychotic treatment (treatment-resistant schizophrenia; TRS). While abnormal structural neuroimaging findings, in particular volume and thickness reductions, are often observed in schizophrenia, it is anticipated that biomarkers of neuronal injury like neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) can improve our understanding
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Classification of Schizophrenic Traits in Transcriptions of Audio Spectra from Patient Literature: Artificial Intelligence Models Enhanced by Geometric Properties medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-07 Paulo César F. Marques, Lucas Rafael F. Soares, André Victor de A. Araujo, Arthur Ribeiro Monteiro, Arthur Almeida Leitão Batista, Túlio Farias Pimentel, Lis de Lima Calheiros, Maria Helena N. S. Padilla, André Pacheco, Fabio Queda, João Ricardo M. Oliveira, José Luiz de Lima Filho, Silvana Bocanegra, Jones Albuquerque
Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that affects approximately 1% of the global population and presents significant challenges for patients, families, and healthcare professionals. Characterized by symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior, and cognitive impairment, this condition has an early onset and chronic trajectory, making it a debilitating challenge. Schizophrenia
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Generalizability of Clinical Prediction Models in Mental Health - Real-World Validation of Machine Learning Models for Depressive Symptom Prediction medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Maike Richter, Daniel Emden, Ramona Leenings, Nils R. Winter, Rafael Mikolajczyk, Janka Massag, Esther Zwiky, Tiana Borgers, Ronny Redlich, Nikolaos Koutsouleris, Renata Falguera, Sharmili Edwin Thanarajah, Frank Padberg, Matthias A. Reinhard, Mitja D. Back, Nexhmedin Morina, Ulrike Buhlmann, Tilo Kircher, Udo Dannlowski, 2107 consortium, PRONIA consortium, MBB consortium, Tim Hahn, Nils Opel
Mental health research faces the challenge of developing machine learning models for clinical decision support. Concerns about the generalizability of such models to real-world populations due to sampling effects and disparities in available data sources are rising. We examined whether harmonized, structured collection of clinical data and stringent measures against overfitting can facilitate the generalization
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Personality traits and other factors associated with psychotropic medication non-adherence at two hospitals in Uganda. A cross-sectional study medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Emmanuel Niyokwizera, David Nitunga, Joshua Muhumuza, Raissa Niyubahwe, Nnaemka Chukwudum Abamara, Joseph Kirabira
Background Mental illnesses, like other chronic illnesses, require medications for both immediate, short term and long term treatment. Medication adherence is the first and most important factor for better treatment outcome. Non-adherence to psychotropic medications is associated with relapse, readmission, and early death. The beliefs about medication which influence non-adherence to medications are
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Sleep disturbance in people with anxiety or depressive disorders over 30 years, and the influence of personality disorder medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Jacob D King, Min Yang, Helen Tyrer, Peter Tyrer
Objectives Sleep disturbance is commonly reported by people with anxiety, depressive and personality disorders, but longitudinal studies exploring the interplay of the three with disturbed sleep have not previously been described.
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Parsing clinical and neurobiological sources of heterogeneity in depression medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Kayla Hannon, Ty Easley, Wei Zhang, Daphne Lew, Aristeidis Sotiras, Yvette I. Sheline, Andre Marquand, Deanna M. Barch, Janine D. Bijsterbosch
Importance Patients with depression vary from one-another in their clinical and neurobiological presentation, yet the relationship between clinical and neurobiological sources of variation is poorly understood. Determining sources of heterogeneity in depression is important to gain insights into its diverse and complex neural etiology.
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Default Mode Network Detection using EEG in Real-time medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Navin Cooray, Chetan Gohil, Brendan Harris, Shaun Frost, Cameron Higgins
Mental health disorders affect countless people worldwide and present a major challenge for mental health services, which are struggling with the demand on a global scale. Recent studies have indicated that activity of the brain’s Default Mode Network (DMN) could prove insightful in monitoring patient recovery from depression and has been used as a therapeutic target itself. An opportunity exists to
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The use and impact of surveillance-based technology initiatives in inpatient and acute mental health settings: A systematic review medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Jessica L. Griffiths, Katherine R. K. Saunders, Una Foye, Anna Greenburgh, Ciara Regan, Ruth E. Cooper, Rose Powell, Ellen Thomas, Geoff Brennan, Antonio Rojas-Garcia, Brynmor Lloyd-Evans, Sonia Johnson, Alan Simpson
Background The use of surveillance technologies is becoming increasingly common in inpatient mental health settings, commonly justified as efforts to improve safety and cost-effectiveness. However, the use of these technologies has been questioned in light of limited research conducted and the sensitivities, ethical concerns and potential harms of surveillance. This systematic review aims to: 1) map
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Investigating the relationship between DNA methylation, genetic variation, and suicide attempt in bipolar disorder medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Aysheh Alrfooh, Lucas G. Casten, Jenny Gringer Richards, John A. Wemmie, Vincent A. Magnotta, Jess G. Fiedorowicz, Jacob Michaelson, Aislinn J. Williams, Marie E. Gaine
Individuals with bipolar disorder are at increased risk for suicide, and this can be influenced by a range of biological, clinical, and environmental risk factors. Biological components associated with suicide include DNA modifications that lead to changes in gene expression. Common genetic variation and DNA methylation changes are some of the most frequent types of DNA findings associated with an
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Self-reported concussion history is not related to cortical volume in college athletes medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Douglas H. Schultz, Heather C. Bouchard, Michelle C. Barbot, Julia M. Laing-Young, Amanda Chiao, Kate L. Higgins, Cary R. Savage, Maital Neta
The long-term consequences of concussion are still being uncovered but have been linked to disruptions in cognition and psychological well-being. Previous studies focusing on the association between concussion history and structural changes in the brain have reported inconsistent results. We sought to examine the effect of concussion history on cortical volume with a focus on functional networks. These
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Paving the way for precision treatment of psychiatric symptoms with functional connectivity neurofeedback medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-03 JE Taylor, T Oka, M Murakami, T Motegi, T Yamada, T Kawashima, Y Kobayashi, Y Yoshihara, J Miyata, T Murai, M Kawato, A Cortese
Despite the prevalence of Major depressive disorder (MDD), a large proportion of patients do not respond well to its existing treatments. Patients with MDD have heterogeneous transdiagnostic subsets of symptoms with differing underlying neural aberrations. Therefore, better treatment response might be achieved using more customizable treatments. Showing promise for this, brain-machine interfaces (BMIs)
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Metabolomics Signatures of serotonin reuptake inhibitor (Escitalopram), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (Duloxetine) and Cognitive Behavior Therapy on Key Neurotransmitter Pathways in Major Depressive Disorder medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Sudeepa Bhattacharyya, Siamak MahmoudianDehkordi, Matthew J Sniatynski, Marina Belenky, Vasant R. Marur, A. John Rush, W. Edward Craighead, Helen S. Mayberg, Boadie W. Dunlop, Bruce S Kristal, Rima Kaddurah-Daouk, Mood Disorder Precision Medicine Consortium
Metabolomics provides powerful tools that can inform about heterogeneity in disease and response to treatments. In this study, we employed an electrochemistry-based targeted metabolomics platform to assess the metabolic effects of three randomly-assigned treatments: escitalopram, duloxetine, and Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) in 163 treatment-naïve outpatients with major depressive disorder. Serum
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The general neurocognitive decline in patients with methamphetamine (MA) use and transient MA-induced psychosis is primarily determined by oxidative and AGE-RAGE stress medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Michael Maes, Mazin Fadhil Altufaili, Amer Fadhil Alhaideri, Shatha Rouf Moustafa, Kristina Stoyanova, Mengqi Niu, Bo Zhou, Jing Li, Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim
Background Chronic methamphetamine (MA) usage is linked to oxidative stress (OS), AGE-RAGE stress, changes in magnesium, calcium, and copper, increased psychotic symptoms and neurocognitive deficits. Nevertheless, it is still unclear whether the latter impairments are mediated by these biological pathways.
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Early warning signals observed in motor activity preceding mood state change in bipolar disorder medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Petter Jakobsen, Ulysse Côté-Allard, Michael Alexander Riegler, Lena Antonsen Stabell, Andrea Stautland, Tine Nordgreen, Jim Torresen, Ole Bernt Fasmer, Ketil Joachim Oedegaard
Background Alterations in motor activity are well-established symptoms of bipolar disorder, and time series of motor activity can be considered complex dynamical systems. In such systems, early warning signals (EWS) occur in a critical transition period preceding a sudden shift (tipping point) in the system. EWS are statistical observations occurring due to a system’s declining ability to maintain
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Population clustering of structural brain aging and its association with brain development medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Haojing Duan, Runye Shi, Jujiao Kang, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L. W. Bokde, Christian Büchel, Sylvane Desrivières, Herta Flor, Antoine Grigis, Hugh Garavan, Penny A. Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Rüdiger Brühl, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot, Eric Artiges, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Tomáš Paus, Luise Poustka, Sarah Hohmann, Nathalie Holz, Juliane H. Fröhner, Michael N.
Structural brain aging has demonstrated strong inter-individual heterogeneity and mirroring patterns with brain development. However, due to the lack of large-scale longitudinal neuroimaging studies, most of the existing research focused on the cross-sectional changes of brain aging. In this investigation, we present a data-driven approach that incorporate both cross-sectional changes and longitudinal
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Home-based transcranial direct current stimulation in bipolar depression: an open-label treatment study of clinical outcomes, acceptability and adverse events medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Ali-Reza Ghazi-Noori, Rachel D. Woodham, Hakimeh Rezaei, Mhd Saeed Sharif, Elvira Bramon, Philipp Ritter, Michael Bauer, Allan H. Young, Cynthia H.Y. Fu
Current treatments for bipolar depression have limited effectiveness, tolerability and acceptability. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a novel non-invasive brain stimulation method that has demonstrated treatment efficacy for major depressive episodes. tDCS is portable, safe, and individuals like having sessions at home. We developed a home-based protocol with real-time remote supervision
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Shared decision-making interventions in the choice of antipsychotic prescription in people living with psychosis (SHAPE): protocol for a realist review medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Ita Fitzgerald, Laura J. Sahm, Jo Howe, Ian Maidment, Emma Wallace, Erin K. Crowley
Background Shared decision-making (SDM) has yet to be successfully adopted into routine use in psychiatric settings amongst people living with severe mental illnesses. Suboptimal rates of SDM are particularly prominent amongst patients with psychotic illnesses during antipsychotic treatment choices. Many interventions have been assessed for their efficacy in improving SDM within this context, although
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Cognitive Mechanisms of Aberrant Self-Referential Social Perception in Psychosis and Bipolar Disorder: Insights from Computational Modeling medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Carly A. Lasagna, Ivy F. Tso, Scott D. Blain, Timothy J. Pleskac
Background and Hypothesis Individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) show disruptions in self-referential gaze perception—a social perceptual process related to symptoms and functioning. However, our current mechanistic understanding of these dysfunctions and relationships is imprecise.
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Sentence production and sentence repetition in autistic adolescents and young adults: Linguistic sensitivity to finiteness-marking medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Teresa Girolamo, Samantha Ghali, Caroline Larson
Purpose: Despite the clinical utility of sentence production and sentence repetition to identify language impairment in autism, little is known about the extent to which these tasks are sensitive to potential dialectal variation. One promising method is strategic scoring (Oetting et al., 2016), which has good clinical utility for identifying language impairment in nonautistic school-age children across
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Depression, Brain Structure and Socioeconomic Status: A UK Biobank Study medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Sasha Johns, Nick Shryane, Caroline Lea-Carnall, Asri Maharani
Background: Depression results from interactions between biological, social, and psychological factors. Literature shows that depression is associated with abnormal brain structure, and that socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with depression and brain structure. However, limited research considers the interaction between each of these factors. Methods: Multivariate regression analysis was conducted
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In-silico functional analyses identify TMPRSS15-mediated intestinal absorption of lithium as a modulator of lithium response in bipolar disorder medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-28 David Stacey, Vijayaprakash Suppiah, Beben Benyamin, S. Hong Lee, Elina Hypponen
Background: The therapeutic response to lithium in patients with bipolar disorder is highly variable and has a polygenic basis. Genome-wide association studies investigating lithium response have identified several relevant loci, though the precise mechanisms driving these associations are poorly understood. We aimed to prioritise the most likely effector gene and determine the mechanisms underlying
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A qualitative meta-synthesis of service usersʼ and carersʼ experiences of assessment and involuntary hospital admissions under mental health legislations: a five-year update medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Gergely Bartl, Ruth A Stuart, Nafiso Ahmed, Katherine Saunders, Sofia Loizou, Grainne Brady, Hannah Gray, Andrew Grundy, Tamar Jeynes, Patrick Nyikavaranda, Karen Persaud, Ari Raad, Una Foye, Alan Simpson, Sonia Johnson, Brynmor Lloyd-Evans
Background Compulsory admissions occur in psychiatric hospitals around the world. They result in coercive and sometimes traumatic experiences for service users and carers. Legal and service reforms in various countries are intended to reduce rates of detention and improve service user experience. We aimed to inform policy and service delivery by providing an up-to-date synthesis of qualitative evidence
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Blunted anticipation but not consummation of food rewards in depression medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Corinna Schulz, Johannes Klaus, Franziska Peglow, Sabine Ellinger, Anne Kuehnel, Martin Walter, Nils B Kroemer
Anhedonia is a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) and is associated with worse treatment outcomes. While its narrow definition as a hedonic or consummatory deficit evolved to encompass anticipatory and motivational reward facets, it remains unclear where reward deficits manifest. Since evidence that metabolic hormones influence reward processing accumulates, investigating their role in
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Association between Paediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Two-Year Psychiatric Outcomes Largely Explained by Pre-Existing Mental Health Problems medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Grace Revill, Norman Poole, Christina Carlisi, Anthony S. David, Vaughan Bell
Background: Evidence that mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) causes psychiatric problems in children has been mixed. Investigating this issue has been difficult due to the lack of representative longitudinal data on child mTBI that includes adequate measures of subsequent mental health symptoms and service use in young people. Methods: We used data from the ABCD longitudinal cohort study to examine
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Anorexia nervosa is associated with higher brain mu-opioid receptor availability medRxiv. Psychiatry Clin. Psychol. Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Kyoungjune Pak, Jouni Tuisku, Henry Karlsson, Jussi Hirvonen, Eleni Rebelos, Laura Pekkarinen, Lihua Sun, Aino Latva-Rasku, Semi Helin, Johan Rajander, Max Karukivi, Pirjo Nuutila, Lauri Nummenmaa
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder, characterized by restricted eating, fear to gain weight, and a distorted body image. Mu-opioid receptor (MOR) functions as a part of complex opioid system and supports both homeostatic and hedonic control of eating behavior. Thirteen patients with AN and thirteen healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. We measured 1) MOR availability