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EXPRESS: Transfer of cognitive control adjustments within and between speakers Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Paul Kelber, Ian Grant MacKenzie, Victor Mittelstädt
Congruency effects in conflict tasks are typically larger after congruent compared to incongruent trials. This congruency sequence effect (CSE) indicates that top-down adjustments of cognitive control transfer between processing episodes, at least when controlling for bottom-up memory processes by alternating between stimulus-response (S-R) sets in confound-minimised designs. According to the control-retrieval
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EXPRESS: Let’s do it: Response times in Mental Paper Folding and its execution Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Stephan Frederic Dahm, Pierre Sachse
Action imagery is the ability to mentally simulate the execution of an action without physically performing it. Action imagery is assumed to rely at least partly on similar mechanisms as action execution. Therefore, we expected that imagery and execution durations are constrained by the number of folds in a Paper Folding Task. Analogously, individual differences in execution durations were expected
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EXPRESS: Do Uncontrolled Processes Contribute to Evaluative Learning? Insights From a New Two-US Process Dissociation Procedure and Ambivalence Measures Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Jérémy Béna, Doris Lacassagne, Olivier Corneille
The contribution of uncontrolled processes to evaluative learning has been examined in evaluative conditioning procedures by comparing evaluations of conditioned stimuli between tasks or within tasks but between learning instruction conditions. In the present research, we introduced a new procedure that keeps both tasks and instructions constant. In addition, we introduced ambivalence measures to address
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Pre-crastination across physical and cognitive tasks Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Adi David, Nicole Meselsohn, Justyne Ingwu, Clara Retzloff, Thomas Gordon Hutcheon
Pre-crastination refers to the tendency to begin a task as soon as possible, even at the cost of additional effort. This phenomenon is consistently observed in tasks in which participants are asked to select one of two buckets to carry to a target (Rosenbaum et al., 2014). Surprisingly, on a high proportion of trials participants choose the bucket that is closer to them (and further from the target)
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When stimulus variability accelerates the learning of task knowledge in adults and school-aged children Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Kaichi Yanaoka, Félice Van ‘t Wout, Satoru Saito, Christopher Jarrold
Experience with instances that vary in their surface features helps individuals to form abstract task knowledge, leading to transfer of that knowledge to novel contexts. The current study sought to examine the role of this variability effect in how adults and school-aged children learn to engage cognitive control. We focused on the engagement of cognitive control in advance (proactive control) and
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EXPRESS: Influences of Temporal and Probabilistic Expectation on Subjective Time of Emotional Stimulus Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Aslan Karaaslan, Zhuanghua Shi
Subjective time perception can change based on a stimulus's valence and expectancy. Yet, it's unclear how these two factors might interact to shape our sense of how long something lasts. Here, we conducted two experiments examining the effects of temporal and probabilistic expectancy on the perceived duration of images with varying emotional valence. In Experiment 1, we varied the temporal predictive
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EXPRESS: Individual Differences in Representational Gesture Production Are Associated with Cognitive and Empathy Skills Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Feride Canarslan, M Chu
Substantial individual variation exists in the frequency of gestures produced while speaking. This study investigated the associations between cognitive abilities, empathy levels, and personality traits with the frequency of representational gestures. A cartoon narration task and a social dilemma solving task were used to elicit gestures. Predictor variables were selected based on prior research on
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EXPRESS: Do French speakers have an advantage in learning English vocabulary thanks to familiar suffixes? Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Amelie Menut, Marc Brysbaert, Séverine CASALIS
Previous research has shown that languages from nearby families are easier to learn as second languages (L2) than languages from more distant families, attributing this difference to the presence of shared elements between the native language (L1) and L2. Building on this idea, we hypothesized that suffixes present in L1 might facilitate complex word acquisition in L2. To test this hypothesis, we recruited
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EXPRESS: Adaptive Lexical Processing of Semantic Competitors Extends to Alternative Names: Evidence from Blocked-Cyclic Picture Naming Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Stefan Wöhner, Andreas Mädebach, Herbert Schriefers, Jörg D. Jescheniak
Naming a picture (e.g., “duck”) in the context of semantically related pictures (e.g., “eagle”, “stork”, “parrot”) takes longer than naming it in the context of unrelated pictures (e.g., “knave”, “toast”, “atlas”). Adaptive models of word production attribute this semantic interference effect in blocked-cyclic naming (BCN) to an adaptive mechanism that makes competitor words (e.g., the semantically
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EXPRESS: The Development of Lexical Processing: Real-Time Phonological Competition and Semantic Activation in School Age Children Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Charlotte Jeppsen, Keith Apfelbaum, J. Bruce Tomblin, Kelsey Klein, Bob McMurray
Prior research suggests that real-time phonological competition processes are stabilized in early childhood (Fernald et al., 2006). However, recent work suggests that development of these processes continues throughout adolescence (Huang & Snedeker, 2011; Rigler et al., 2015). This study aimed to investigate whether these developmental changes are based solely within the lexical system or are due to
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CORRIGENDUM to “The dominance of item learning in the location-specific proportion congruence paradigm” Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-16
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EXPRESS: Revisiting the Influence of Phonological Similarity on Cognate Processing: Evidence from Cantonese-Japanese Bilinguals Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Brian W. L. Wong, Shawn Hemelstrand, Tomohiro Inoue
The influences of shared orthography, semantics, and phonology on bilingual cognate processing have been investigated extensively. However, mixed results have been found regarding the effects of phonological similarity on L2 cognate processing. In addition, most existing studies examining the influence of phonological similarity on cognate processing have been conducted on alphabetic scripts, in which
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EXPRESS: Created stepping-stone configurations depend on task constraints Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Jeffrey B. Wagman, Maisha Tahsin Orthy, Amy Jeschke, Tyler Duffrin
Previous studies have shown that choices about how to configure stepping-stones to be used as playground or exercise equipment reflect a person’s action capabilities. In two experiments, we investigated whether choices about how to configure stepping-stones to be used as a path for locomotion additionally reflect the goals for which or the constraints under which the path is to be used. In Experiment
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EXPRESS: Mood shapes the impact of reward on perceived fatigue from listening. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Ronan McGarrigle, Sarah Knight, Lyndon Rakusen, Sven Mattys
Knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of effortful listening could help to reduce cases of social withdrawal and mitigate fatigue, especially in older adults. However, the relationship between transient effort and longer-term fatigue is likely to be more complex than originally thought. Here, we manipulated the presence/absence of monetary reward to examine the role of motivation and mood state in
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EXPRESS: Age-related contextual cueing features are more evident in reaction variability than in reaction time Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Yipeng Yao, Rong Luo, Chengyu Fan, Yeke Qian, Xuelian Zang
Visual-spatial contextual cueing learning underpins the daily lives of older adults, enabling them to navigate their surroundings, perform daily activities, and maintain cognitive function. While the contextual cueing effect has received increasing attention from researchers, the relationship between this cognitive ability and healthy aging remains controversial. To investigate whether visual-spatial
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EXPRESS: Drawing Attention to Previous Studies Can Reduce Confidence in a New Research Finding, Even When Confidence Should Increase Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Milen Radell, W. Burt Thompson
People often learn of new scientific findings from brief news reports, and may discount or ignore prior research, potentially contributing to misunderstanding of findings. In this preregistered study, we investigated how people interpret a brief news report on a new drug for weight loss. Participants read an article that either highlighted the importance of prior research when judging the drug’s effectiveness
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EXPRESS: Stimulus specificity in combined action observation and motor imagery of typing Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Camilla Woodrow-Hill, Emma Gowen, Stefan Vogt, Eve Edmonds, Ellen Poliakoff
Combined action observation and motor imagery (AO+MI) can improve movement execution (ME) in healthy adults and certain patient populations. However, it is unclear how the specificity of the observation component during AO+MI influences ME. As generalised observation could result in more flexible AO+MI rehabilitation programs, this study investigated whether observing typing of target words (specific
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EXPRESS: Reduced Learning Rates but Successful Learning of a Coordinated Rhythmic Movement by Older Adults Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Daniel Leach, Zoe Kolokotroni, Andrew Wilson
Previous work has investigated the information-based mechanism for learning and transfer of learning in coordinated rhythmic movement (Leach, Kolokotroni & Wilson, 2021a, b). In those papers, we trained young adults to produce either 90° or 60° and showed in both cases that learning entailed learning to use relative position as the information for relative phase. This variable then supported transfer
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EXPRESS: Fixation offset decreases manual inhibition of return (IOR) in detection and discrimination tasks. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Lukasz Michalczyk
Attention can be covertly shifted to peripheral stimuli in order to improve their processing. However, attention is also then inhibited against returning to the previously attended location; thus, both detection and discrimination of a stimulus presented at that location decrease (the inhibition of return effect; IOR). The after-effect of the covert orienting hypothesis (ACOH) postulates a close link
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EXPRESS: Predicting the memorability of scene pictures: Improved accuracy through one’s own experience Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Sofia Navarro-Báez, Monika Undorf, Arndt Bröder
There are conflicting findings regarding the accuracy of metamemory for scene pictures. Judgments of stimulus memorability in general (memorability judgments, MJs) have been reported to be unpredictive of actual image memorability. However, other studies have found that judgments of learning (JOLs) – predictions of one’s own later memory performance for recently studied items – are moderately predictive
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EXPRESS: A Fragile Effect: The Influence of Episodic Memory on Delay Discounting Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Nicky Duff, Rebecca Olsen, Zoe Walsh, Karen Salmon, Maree Hunt, Anne Macaskill
Delay discounting occurs when a reward loses value as a function of delay. Episodic future thinking (EFT) reliably decreases delay discounting. EFT may share cognitive features with recalling episodic memories such as constructive episodic simulation. We therefore explored whether recalling episodic memories also reduces delay discounting. In Experiment 1, participants wrote about episodic memories
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EXPRESS: Word Association Task Responses Prime Associations in Subsequent Trials Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 David Playfoot, Ondrej Burysek
The word association task has been used extensively in psychological and linguistic research as a way of measuring connections between words in the mental lexicon. Interpretation of word association data has assumed that responses represent the strongest association between cue word and response, but there is evidence that participant behaviour can be affected by task instructions and design. The current
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EXPRESS: Post-Reinforcement Pauses During Slot Machine Gambling are Moderated by Immersion Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 William Spencer Murch, Mario A Ferrari, Luke Clark
The Post-Reinforcement Pause (PRP) is an operant effect in which response latencies increase on trials following the receipt and consumption of reward. Human studies demonstrate analogous effects in electronic gambling machines that utilise variable ratio reinforcement schedules. We sought to identify moderators of the human PRP effect, hypothesizing that the magnitude of gamblers’ PRPs is moderated
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EXPRESS: Characterizing the declarative-procedural transformation in instruction-based learning Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Hannes Ruge, Janine Jargow, Eva Sinning, Sofia Fregni, Alexander Willy Baumann
Many accounts of instruction-based learning assume that initial declarative representations are transformed into executable procedural ones, so to enable instruction implementation. We tested the hypothesis that declarative-procedural transformation should be bound to a specific response modality and not transferable across different modalities. In Experiment 1, novel stimulus-response instructions
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EXPRESS: Lack of Effects of Acute Exercise Intensity on Mnemonic Discrimination Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Paul D. Loprinzi, Jeremy B. Caplan
The hippocampus is thought to support episodic memory by pattern separation, thereby supporting the ability to discriminate high similarity items. Past research evaluating whether acute exercise can improve mnemonic discrimination of high similarity items is mixed. The present experiment attempts to extend these prior mixed findings by evaluating the effects of multiple exercise intensities on hippocampal-dependent
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EXPRESS: An exploration of the influence of animal and object categories on recall of item location following an incidental learning task Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Daniel Philip Andrew Clark, Nick Donnelly
The current study explores the role of attention in location memory for animals and objects. Participants completed an incidental learning task where they either rated animals and objects with regards to either their ease of collection to win a scavenger hunt (Experiment 1a and b) or their distance from the centre of the computer screen (Experiment 2). The images of animals and objects were pseudo-randomly
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Preexposure to running attenuates rats' running-based flavour avoidance: Testing associative blocking with a cover cues or context change Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-24 Sadahiko Nakajima
Voluntary running in activity wheels by rats leads to a Pavlovian conditioned aversion to the flavour consumed immediately before the running, causing the rats to avoid that flavour. This learning process, known as running-based flavour avoidance learning (FAL), is weakened when the rats have had repeated exposure to the wheels before. According to the associative account, the association between the
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EXPRESS: Effects of perceptual redundancy, conceptual redundancy and self-relatedness on categorical responses Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Joel Alan Patchitt, Maxine T Sherman, Hugo Critchley
A redundancy gain occurs when perceptually identical stimuli are presented together, resulting in quicker categorization of these paired stimuli compared to lone stimuli. Similar effects have been reported for paired stimuli within the same conceptual category, particularly if the category is self-related. We recruited 528 individuals across three related studies to investigate whether, during perceptual
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EXPRESS: Sandhi-based predictability of pitch accent facilitates word recognition in Kansai Japanese speakers Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Aine Ito, Yuki Hirose
We investigated the predictability effects of pitch accent on word recognition using the sandhi rule in Kansai Japanese (KJ). Native KJ speakers and native Tokyo Japanese (TJ) speakers (control group) saw four objects while hearing modifier + noun phrases in a speeded image-selection task. The register tone of the noun’s initial mora was predictable or unpredictable based on the tone of the modifier’s
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EXPRESS: Spatial representations of objects used away and toward the body: the effect of near and far space Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Gennaro Ruggiero, Francesco Ruotolo, Scila Nunziata, Simona Abagnale, Tina Iachini, Angela Bartolo
An action with an object can be accomplished only if we encode the position of the object with respect to our body (i.e. egocentrically) and/or to another element in the environment (i.e. allocentrically). However, some actions with the objects are directed towards our body, such as brushing our teeth, and others away from the body, such as writing. Objects can be near the body, that is within arm
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EXPRESS: Effects of age on behavioural and eye gaze on Theory of Mind using Movie for Social Cognition Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Min Yong, Muhammad Waqas, Ted Ruffman
Evidence has shown that older adults have lower accuracy in Theory-of-Mind (ToM) tasks compared to young adults, but we are still unclear whether the difficulty in decoding mental states in older adults stems from not looking at the critical areas, and more so from the ageing Asian population. Most ToM studies use static images or short vignettes to measure ToM but these stimuli are dissimilar to everyday
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EXPRESS: Malay Lexicon Project 3: The Impact of Orthographic-Semantic Consistency on Lexical Decision Latencies Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Mirrah Maziyah Mohamed, Debra Jared
Theories of word processing propose that readers are sensitive to statistical co-occurrences between spelling and meaning. Orthographic-Semantic Consistency (OSC) measures provide a continuous estimate of the statistical regularities between spelling and meaning. Here we examined Malay, an Austronesian language that is agglutinative. In Malay, stems are often repeated in other words that share a related
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EXPRESS: Mathematics anxiety and number processing: The link between executive functions, cardinality, and ordinality Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Kenny Skagerlund, Mikael Skagenholt, Ulf Träff
One important factor that hampers children’s learning of mathematics is math anxiety (MA). Still, the mechanisms by which MA affects performance remain debated. The current study investigated the relationship between MA, basic number processing abilities (i.e., cardinality and ordinality processing), and executive functions in school children enrolled in grade 4-7 (N = 127). Children were divided into
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EXPRESS: Deaf Readers Use Leftward Information to Read More Efficiently: Evidence from Eye Tracking Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Casey Stringer, Frances Cooley, Emily Saunders, Karen Emmorey, Elizabeth R. Schotter
Little is known about how information to the left of fixation impacts reading, and how it may help to integrate what has been read into the context of the sentence. To better understand the role of this leftward information and how it may be beneficial during reading, we compared the sizes of the leftward span for reading-matched deaf signers (n =32) and hearing adults (n = 40) using a gaze-contingent
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EXPRESS: The Effect of Part-list Cuing on Associative Recognition Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Tuanli Liu, Xingfeng Hao, Xingyuan Zhang, Xuejun Bai, Min Xing
The modulation of part-list cuing on item memory has been well-documented, whereas its impact on associative memory remains largely unknown. The present study explored the effect of part-list cuing on associative recognition, and more specifically, whether this forgetting effect caused by part-list cuing are more sensitive to recollection or familiarity in recognition memory. Experiment 1a & 1b combined
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EXPRESS: The Social Learning Account of Trypophobia Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Abbie Millett, Geoff G Cole, Marie Juanchich
Trypophobia is the condition in which individuals report a range of negative emotions when viewing clusters of small holes. Since the phenomenon was first described in the peer-reviewed literature a decade ago, 47 papers have appeared together with hundreds of news articles. There has also been much discussion on various internet forums, including medical and health-related websites. In the present
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EXPRESS: Reliability of the Serial Reaction Time task: If at first you don't succeed, try try try again Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Catia Margarida Oliveira, Emma Hayiou-Thomas, Lisa M. Henderson
Procedural memory is involved in the acquisition and control of skills and habits that underlie rule and procedural learning, including the acquisition of grammar and phonology. The Serial Reaction Time task (SRTT), commonly used to assess procedural learning, has been shown to have poor stability (test-retest reliability). We investigated factors that may affect the stability of the SRTT in adults
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Comparison of semantic and phonological false memories in short- and long-term tests Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Jennifer H Coane, Dawn M McBride, Kai Chang, Yonca Cam, Elizabeth Marsh
The Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm has been at the centre of false memory research. Whereas most work with this paradigm has examined memory at the long term and with semantically associated lists, the present study examines phonological and semantic false memories at both short- and long-term delays. In two experiments, participants studied short lists containing six (Experiment 1) or four
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EXPRESS: Working memory prioritisation effects in tactile immediate serial recall Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Daisy Roe, Richard John Allen, Jane Elsley, Christopher Miles, Andrew Johnson
There is a growing body of evidence that higher value information can be prioritised for both visual and auditory working memory. The present study examines whether valuable items can similarly be prioritised for the tactile domain. Employing an immediate serial recall procedure (ISR), participants reconstructed a 6-item tactile sequence by moving their fingers in the order of original stimulation
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Looking for immediate and downstream evidence of lexical prediction in eye movements during reading Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-28 Roslyn Wong, Aaron Veldre, Sally Andrews
Previous investigations of whether readers make predictions about the full identity of upcoming words have focused on the extent to which there are processing consequences when readers encounter linguistic input that is incompatible with their expectations. To date, eye-movement studies have revealed inconsistent evidence of the processing costs that would be expected to accompany lexical prediction
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EXPRESS: The object-based shift direction anisotropy is modulated by the horizontal visual field meridian Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-27 Adam J. Barnas, Adam Greenberg
Reallocating object-based attention across the visual field meridians is significantly faster horizontally than vertically (termed the shift direction anisotropy; SDA), implicating the meridians in reorienting object-based attention. Here, we tested the modulatory role of the meridians in the emergence of the SDA by manipulating meridian local feature contrast. Considering the notion of separate pools
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Is there a lower visual field advantage for object affordances? A registered report Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-27 Annie Warman, Allan Clark, George L Malcolm, Maximillian Havekost, Stéphanie Rossit
It’s been repeatedly shown that pictures of graspable objects can facilitate visual processing, even in the absence of reach-to-grasp actions, an effect often attributed to the concept of affordances. A classic demonstration of this is the handle compatibility effect, characterised by faster reaction times when the orientation of a graspable object’s handle is compatible with the hand used to respond
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EXPRESS: The Children and Young People’s Books Lexicon (CYP-LEX): A large-scale lexical database of books read by children and young people in the United Kingdom Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Maria Korochkina, Marco Marelli, Marc Brysbaert, Kathy Rastle
This article introduces CYP-LEX, a large-scale lexical database derived from books popular with children and young people in the United Kingdom. CYP-LEX includes 1,200 books evenly distributed across three age bands (7-9, 10-12, 13+) and comprises over 70 million tokens and over 105,000 types. For each word in each age band, we provide its raw and Zipf-transformed frequencies, all parts-of-speech in
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The influence of language-specific properties on the role of consonants and vowels in a statistical learning task of an artificial language: A cross-linguistic comparison Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Yaara Lador-Weizman, Avital Deutsch
The contribution of consonants and vowels in spoken word processing has been widely investigated, and studies have found a phenomenon of a Consonantal bias (C-bias), indicating that consonants carry more weight than vowels. However, across languages, various patterns have been documented, including that of no preference or a reverse pattern of Vowel bias. A central question is how the manifestation
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Stereotypes bias social class perception from faces: The roles of race, gender, affect, and attractiveness Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 R Thora Bjornsdottir, Elizabeth Beacon
People quickly form consequential impressions of others’ social class standing from nonverbal cues, including facial appearance. Extant research shows that perceivers judge faces that appear more positive, attractive, and healthy as higher-class, in line with stereotypes associating high class standing with happiness, attractiveness, and better wellbeing (which bear a kernel of truth). A wealth of
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The contribution of difficulty of an irrelevant task to task conflict Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Ronen Hershman, Ayelet Sapir, Eldad Keha, Michael Wagner, Elisabeth M Weiss, Avishai Henik
In the standard colour-word Stroop task, participants are presented with colour words and required to respond to their colour while ignoring their meaning. Two types of conflict might occur in such experiments: information conflict and task conflict. Information conflict reflects the processing of two contradicting pieces of information and is indicated by shorter reaction times (RTs) in congruent
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The dynamics of multiword sequence extraction Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Leonardo Pinto Arata, Laura Ordonez Magro, Carlos Ramisch, Jonathan Grainger, Arnaud Rey
Being able to process multiword sequences is central for both language comprehension and production. Numerous studies support this claim, but less is known about the way multiword sequences are acquired, and more specifically how associations between their constituents are established over time. Here we adapted the Hebb naming task into a Hebb lexical decision task to study the dynamics of multiword
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EXPRESS: Flexible Letter-Position Coding in Chinese-English L2 Bilinguals: Evidence from Eye Movements Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Hillarie Man, Adam J. Parker, Jo Taylor
Theories suggest that efficient recognition of English words depends on flexible letter-position coding, demonstrated by the fact that transposed-letter primes (e.g., JUGDE-judge) facilitate written word recognition more than substituted-letter primes (e.g., JUFBE-judge). The multiple route model predicts that reading experience should drive more flexible letter-position coding as readers transition
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Brief mindfulness-based meditation enhances the speed of learning following positive prediction errors Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Marius Golubickis, Lucy B G Tan, Parnian Jalalian, Johanna K Falbén, Neil C Macrae
Recent research has demonstrated that mindfulness-based meditation facilitates basic aspects of cognition, including memory and attention. Further developing this line of inquiry, here we considered the possibility that similar effects may extend to another core psychological process—instrumental learning. To explore this matter, in combination with a probabilistic selection task, computational modelling
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Left-handed voices? Examining the perceptual learning of novel person characteristics from the voice Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Nadine Lavan
We regularly form impressions of who a person is from their voice, such that we can readily categorise people as being female or male, child or adult, trustworthy or not, and can furthermore recognise who specifically is speaking. How we establish mental representations for such categories of person characteristics has, however, only been explored in detail for voice identity learning. In a series
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EXPRESS: Rapid calibration to dynamic temporal contexts. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Darren Rhodes,Tyler Bridgwater,Julia Ayache,Martin Riemer
TThe prediction of future events and the preparation of appropriate behavioural reactions rely on an accurate perception of temporal regularities. In dynamic environments, temporal regularities are subject to slow and sudden changes, and adaptation to these changes is an important requirement for efficient behaviour. Bayesian models have proven a useful tool to understand the processing of temporal
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EXPRESS: Contextual diversity and anchoring: Null effects on learning word forms and opposing effects on learning word meanings. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Jiayin Li,Louise Wong,Rachael Catherine Hulme,Holly Joseph,Fiona E Kyle,Jo Taylor,Catarina Rodrigues
Words that appear in many contexts/topics are recognised faster than those occurring in fewer contexts (Nation, 2017). However, contextual diversity benefits are less clear in word learning studies. Mak et al. (2021) proposed that diversity benefits might be enhanced if new word meanings are anchored before introducing diversity. In our study, adults (N = 288) learned meanings for eight pseudowords
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EXPRESS: Does instructional intervention reduce the left digit effect in number line estimation? Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Gina Gwiazda,Kelsey Kayton,Nicholas Alia,Charles Bondhus,Hilary Barth,Andrea L Patalano
A robust left digit effect arises in number line estimation, whereby leftmost digits of numerals have an undue influence on placements such that, for example, numbers like 298 are placed far to the left of numbers like 302. Past efforts to motivate more accurate performance using trial-by-trial and summary feedback have not led to a reduction in the left digit effect. In two experiments, we asked whether
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The effect of modality and order presentation of emotional stimuli on time perception. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-25 Luigi Micillo,Simon Grondin,Giovanna Mioni
Despite human accuracy in perceiving time, many factors can modulate the subjective experience of time. For example, it is widely reported that emotion can expand or shrink our perception of time and that temporal intervals are perceived as longer when marked by auditory stimuli than by visual stimuli. In the present study, we aimed at investigating whether the influence of emotion on time perception
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Lexical tone perception and learning in older adults: A review and future directions. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-25 Kastoori Kalaivanan
While the literature is well represented in accounting for how aging influences segmental properties of speech, less is known about its influences on suprasegmental properties such as lexical tones. In addition, foreign language learning is increasingly endorsed as being a potential intervention to boost cognitive reserve and overall well-being in older adults. Empirical studies on young learners learning
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EXPRESS: Investigating people's metacognitive insight into their own face abilities. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-23 Robin S S Kramer,Jeremy Tree
Within the domain of face processing, researchers have been interested in quantifying the relationship between objective (i.e., performance on laboratory tests of recognition and matching) and subjective measures of ability (typically, self-report questionnaires). Put simply, do people show high levels of metacognitive insight into their own abilities with faces? While several studies have suggested
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EXPRESS: The relationship between facial attractiveness and perceived guilt across types of crime. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-23 Robin S S Kramer,Janie-Lea Jarvis,Michaela Green,Alex Lee Jones
Facial first impressions influence jurors in both laboratory experiments and real courtrooms. Often, more attractive defendants are perceived as less guilty and receive more lenient sentences. However, the type of crime under consideration, as well as the ecological validity of the stimuli presented, may determine the nature of this bias. Here, extending previous work, we considered three crime types
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EXPRESS: Association between abstraction level and time: Are future and past more abstract than the present? Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-19 Karin Maria Bausenhart,Rolf Ulrich,Barbara Kaup
Construal Level Theory (Trope & Liberman, 2010) suggests that objects or events are represented differently depending on their psychological distance from ourselves. Specifically, objects and events should be represented more abstractly the farther they are removed from direct experience through distance in the spatial, temporal, social or hypotheticality domains. Bar-Anan, Liberman, and Trope (2006)
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EXPRESS: Are latent working memory items retrieved from long-term memory? Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-19 Chang-Mao Chao,Chenlingxi Xu,Vanessa Loaiza,Nathan Rose
Switching one's focus of attention between to-be-remembered information in working memory (WM) is critical for cognition, but the mechanisms by which this is accomplished are unclear. Some models suggest that passively retaining "latent" information outside of focal attention and returning it to the focus involves episodic long-term memory (LTM) retrieval processes even for delays of only a few seconds
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EXPRESS: Family favoring effects across intent- and outcome-based moral judgments and decisions. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Valentino Marcel Tahamata,Philip Tseng
Doing harm is a moral violation, but helping a family member is morally obligatory. In this study, participants encountered this ethical dilemma through stories featuring their sibling (i.e., brother) as either the perpetrator or victim in various moral scenarios. Subsequently, they provided their moral judgments (i.e., moral acceptability and perceived transgression) and made decisions (i.e., willingness