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Motivated Counterfactual Thinking and Moral Inconsistency: How We Use Our Imaginations to Selectively Condemn and Condone Current Directions in Psychological Science (IF 7.867) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Daniel A. Effron, Kai Epstude, Neal J. Roese
People selectively enforce their moral principles, excusing wrongdoing when it suits them. We identify an underappreciated source of this moral inconsistency: the ability to imagine counterfactuals, or alternatives to reality. Counterfactual thinking offers three sources of flexibility that people exploit to justify preferred moral conclusions: People can (a) generate counterfactuals with different
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Comedy, consensus, and conflict framework: Comedy as a norm violation can build consensus or escalate conflict in negotiations Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.813) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Jeremy A. Yip, Kelly Kiyeon Lee
In this work, we propose that humor violates norms that can build consensus or escalate conflict in negotiations. Drawing on social identity theory, we propose that humor commits norm violations that are more likely to be perceived as benign among ingroup observers in negotiations, but perceived as offensive to outgroup observers in negotiations. We introduce the Comedy, Consensus, and Conflict Framework
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Relationship between cyber and in-person dating abuse: A systematic review Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 María-Luisa Rodríguez-deArriba, Cristiana Santos, Olga Cunha, Virginia Sánchez-Jiménez, Sónia Caridade
Dating abuse is widely recognized as a public health issue. A relationship between cyber and in-person dating abuse (CDA and IDA) has been established. A systematic review was carried out with the aim of identifying the studies that analyzed the relationship between CDA and IDA. Filtering by keywords that referred to the sentimental relationship, the context (in-person, online), the aggressive behavior
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The New Psychology of Secrecy Current Directions in Psychological Science (IF 7.867) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Michael L. Slepian
Nearly everyone keeps secrets, but only recently have we begun to learn about the secrets people keep in their everyday lives and the experiences people have with their secrets. Early experimental research into secrecy sought to create secrecy situations in the laboratory, but in trying to observe secrecy in real time, these studies conflated secrecy with the act of concealment. In contrast, a new
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School-based primary prevention interventions for adolescent relationship abuse: An umbrella review Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Xiaomin Sheng, Paul Miller, Timothy Gomersall, Nadia Wager
There is growing use of primary prevention interventions which aim to tackle adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) through raising awareness of the issue, changing attitudes that underpin abusive behaviors, increasing knowledge and skills to promote help-seeking, and to ultimately lower the incidence of ARA victimization and perpetration. To date, several reviews have explored the effectiveness of existing
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Empathy & Literature Emotion Review (IF 7.345) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 A. E. Denham
There is a long tradition in philosophy and literary theory defending the view that engagement with literature promotes readers’ empathy. Until the last century, few of the empirical claims adduced in that tradition were investigated experimentally. Recent work in psychology and neuropsychology has now shed new light on the interplay of empathy and literature. This article surveys the experimental
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Document review of state practice standards for batterer intervention programs in the United States Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Hannabeth Franchino-Olsen, Brittney Chesworth
This document review investigated policies that govern Batterer Intervention Programs (BIPs) across the United States. The document review systematically analyzed current state practice standards ( = 46) across the United States that guide BIPs. Data collection and abstraction took place between June of 2019 and January of 2020. Descriptive statistics were calculated for standard development and revision
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Fighting misinformation among the most vulnerable users Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.813) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Nadia M. Brashier
Misinformation undermines trust in the integrity of democratic elections, the safety of vaccines, and the authenticity of footage from war zones. Social scientists have proposed many solutions to reduce individuals' demand for fake news, but it is unclear how to evaluate them. Efficacy can mean that an intervention increases (the ability to distinguish true from false content), works over a delay,
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Evidence-based policy in a new era of crime and violence prevention and social justice Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Brandon C. Welsh, Steven N. Zane, Daniel P. Mears
The present state of calls for and efforts to implement evidence-based policy provide a powerful foundation for propelling a movement toward bringing about rational, cost-efficient, and humane policies for reducing aggression, crime, and violence. The main aim of this article is to report on new developments in evidence-based policy (EBP)—what we view as giving rise to a new era in crime and violence
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Correlates of responses to peer provocation and bullying in middle childhood: A systematic review Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Sophie A. Stephenson, Kane Meissel, Elizabeth R. Peterson
Provocation and bullying by peers in middle childhood can have negative effects, but these outcomes can vary depending on how the child responds. Understanding the correlates associated with their choice of response can help to explain why children respond in the ways that they do. To date, no reviews have summarised the association between correlates and responses to peer provocation in middle childhood
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Cyberbullying intervention and prevention programmes in Primary Education (6 to 12 years): A systematic review Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Mercedes Chicote-Beato, Sixto González-Víllora, Ana Rosa Bodoque-Osma, Raúl Navarro
The majority of studies in the current literature analyse cyberbullying at the secondary education stage. Nevertheless, although it has been shown that cybervictim and cyberbully roles may arise from the Primary School stage onwards, more research is still needed. The consequences of this problem can be manifested in indicators of psycho-social and psycho-emotional adjustment, harming not only the
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The impact of childhood sexual abuse on interpersonal violence in men: A systematic review Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Aika Hui, Paul Salkovskis, Joshua Rumble-Browne
The current systematic review aimed to critically examine the growing body of literature proposing that there is an ‘intergenerational cycle’ of violence, whereby victims of abuse during childhood are posited to have a higher propensity of becoming perpetrators during adulthood. Specifically, this review examined whether there is quality evidence supporting the relationship between childhood sexual
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Systematic review of the impacts of childhood exposure to domestic violence among college students Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Kristen Ravi, Ashlee Lawler, Megan Haselschwerdt, Courtney Lucca, Victoria Niederhauser
Adults with childhood exposure to domestic violence (CEDV) histories are at risk of negative life experiences and circumstances as demonstrated through the robust and evolving adverse childhood experiences literature. This systematic review focuses on the retrospective CEDV experiences, and concurrent health (physical and mental) and academic outcomes of young adults enrolled in higher education institutions
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Defining chemical restraint: A preliminary step towards measurement and quality assessment Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Catherine Hupé, Caroline Larue, Damien Contandriopoulos
Aggressive and violent behaviours often lead to the use of coercive interventions in health and forensic institutions. Restraint minimization is now a legal or governmental requirement in most jurisdictions. While physical restraint and seclusion are relatively well-understood, chemical restraint remains problematic to define and measure. The aim of this review is to explore the international understandings
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Experiences of bullying and victimization and adolescents' life satisfaction: A meta-analysis Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Xin Chen, Lirong Wang, Yiji Wang
This meta-analysis sought to elucidate the association between experiences of bullying and victimization and life satisfaction among adolescents, an important topic with mixed findings. Three independent meta-analyses were conducted to investigate the associations between traditional victimization and life satisfaction, cyber victimization and life satisfaction, and bullying perpetration and life satisfaction
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Explaining intimate partner violence through economic theories: A systematic review and narrative synthesis Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Sarah R. Meyer, Selina Hardt, Rebecca Brambilla, Sabrina Page, Heidi Stöckl
There are several theoretical approaches to understanding predictors of intimate partner violence [IPV] perpetrated against women globally. Economic theoretical approaches are increasingly employed to understand why some women are at higher risk of experiencing IPV and/or why some men are more likely to perpetrate IPV. We conducted a systematic review of all theoretical approaches to predictors of
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Stalkers and Substance Use: A Scoping Review Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Ebonnie Landwehr, Lynne Roberts, David Garratt-Reed, Chloe Maxwell-Smith
Substance use is associated with anger and violence, however the extent of substance use among stalkers has not yet been systematically mapped. The aim of this scoping review was to identify substance use behaviour among stalkers who have been charged or convicted for stalking behaviour. A scoping review was conducted, and nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Substance use among stalkers was inconsistently
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Don’t Be Too Good at Reading Other People's Minds Emotion Review (IF 7.345) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Lisa Zunshine
Attribution of mental states is fundamental to our engagement with fiction. Crucially, its social content depends on mental states recursively “embedded” within each other; for instance, when a person doesn’t want other people to know about her intentions. Given that some characters seem to be consistently capable of embedding mental states on a higher level than others, this essay reviews factors
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Goals in old age: What we want when we are old and why it matters Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.813) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Alexandra M. Freund
Across the lifespan, goals change in response to developmental changes in opportunities and demands, but they also bring about developmental changes regarding the acquisition of skills and resources. Generally, developing (selection), pursuing (optimization), and maintaining goals in the face of losses (compensation) contributes to successful development across the lifespan and to healthy aging in
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Introduction to the Special Issue: “Literature and Emotion” Emotion Review (IF 7.345) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Bradley J. Irish
This introduces the special issue “Literature and Emotion.”
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Hierarchical-Model Insights for Planning and Interpreting Individual-Difference Studies of Cognitive Abilities Current Directions in Psychological Science (IF 7.867) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Jeffrey N. Rouder, Mahbod Mehrvarz
Although individual-difference studies have been invaluable in several domains of psychology, there has been less success in cognitive domains using experimental tasks. The problem is often called one of reliability: Individual differences in cognitive tasks, especially cognitive-control tasks, seem too unreliable. In this article, we use the language of hierarchical models to define a novel reliability
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Fostering Executive-Function Skills and Promoting Far Transfer to Real-World Outcomes: The Importance of Life Skills and Civic Science Current Directions in Psychological Science (IF 7.867) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Philip David Zelazo, Destany Calma-Birling, Ellen Galinsky
Executive-function (EF) skills are a set of attention-regulation skills that provide a neurocognitive foundation for adapting to changing circumstances across the life span; EF skills measured in childhood are associated with important real-world outcomes (e.g., school and job success). Although training can improve EF skills, the benefits of training frequently fail to transfer to these outcomes.
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Diversity in the study of aging and lifespan development Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.813) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Jonathan J. Rolison
In psychology, authors have shined a light on a lack of ethnic/racial and cultural diversity in sampling and scholarship. These issues pertain also to the study of aging and lifespan development. This article presents examples of how diverse sampling, across ethnic/racial groups and cultures, enriches theories of aging and adult development. There remain, however, numerous theoretical insights that
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How severity of intimate partner violence is perceived and related to attitudinal variables? A systematic review and meta-analysis Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Marta Badenes-Sastre, Chelsea M. Spencer, María Alonso-Ferres, Miguel Lorente, Francisca Expósito
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Affect Theory and Literary Criticism Emotion Review (IF 7.345) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Stephen Ahern
The “affective turn” is by now long established, part of a wider surge of interest in emotion playing out in a range of disciplines. In literary studies, the conversation about how affect theory might help us to interpret literature is still emerging. The goal of the present discussion is to provide a critical overview of work by scholars who draw on the insights of recent theory to read literary texts
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Fairness, Hierarchy, and Moral Rationalization, or What's Wrong With Paradise Lost? Emotion Review (IF 7.345) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Patrick Colm Hogan
Literature and Moral Feeling argued that ethics is best understood as a constraint on egocentric self-interest. That constraint is specified variously by groups or individuals who set parameters differently within common ethical principles, and who use a range of emotion-guided narrative genres to imagine and evaluate possible actions. Though it covers many ethical concerns (collectively termed “morality”)
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Understanding Loneliness in Late Life Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.813) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Oliver Huxhold, Katherine L. Fiori
Loneliness in late adulthood is a public health issue. Thus, understanding the etiology of loneliness is of critical importance. Here, we conceptualize the development of loneliness in late life as dynamic interactions between individual and contextual processes. Specifically, we suggest that loneliness arises if the existing social relationships are unable to meet a set of social expectations. These
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Less Is More: How the Language of Fiction Fosters Emotion Recognition Emotion Review (IF 7.345) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Emanuele Castano
Stories, in pictorial format, orally narrated, and later on as narrative texts, have played a key role in human evolution and to this day continue to surreptitiously teach us things and skills. In recent decades, psychologists and cognitive scientists have begun documenting the role of stories, and particularly fiction, in refining our sociocognitive skills. In this essay, I focus specifically on how
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Cognitive behavioural “third wave” therapies in the treatment of justice-involved individuals: A systematic review Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Olga Cunha, Bárbara Pereira, Marta Sousa, Andreia Castro Rodrigues
Psychological treatments have been increasingly used with justice-involved individuals; however, evidence regarding their effectiveness remains unclear. Thus, new approaches, such as Cognitive-Behavioural (CB) “third wave” therapies, have been implemented with justice-involved individuals. This systematic review describes and assesses the effectiveness of different CB “third wave” therapies, such as
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Narrating Anger Appropriately: Implications for Narrative Form and Successful Coping Emotion Review (IF 7.345) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Tilmann Habermas, Stephan Bongard
We propose that emotion psychology would significantly gain from including narrative(s) and the conversational negotiation of appropriateness. Using the example of anger, we argue that narrators need to construct plausible narratives of emotional events to achieve validating responses by listeners. We argue first that narrators attempt to demonstrate that the appraisal conditions for their emotion
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Corrigendum to “Beyond strategies: The when and why of emotion regulation in aging”[Curr Opin Psychol 56 (2024) 101763] Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.813) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Derek M. Isaacowitz, Tammy English
Abstract not available
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Treatment of youth and adults with psychopathic traits detained in forensic settings: A systematic review Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Diana Ribeiro da Silva, Inês Maçãs de Carvalho, Carlo Garofalo
Individuals with psychopathic traits detained in forensic settings are considered a difficult-to-treat population, but empirical support for this claim has not been systematically evaluated. This systematic review aimed to answer two research questions for both youth and adults detained in forensic settings: Are specialized (psycho)therapeutic interventions more effective than Treatment As Usual in
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A narrative review of U.S. elder abuse perpetrator research and its implications for developing alternative perpetrator interventions for use by prosecutors Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Shelly L. Jackson, Candace Heisler, Karl Urban
After decades of advocacy, prosecution of elder abuse has increased, a trend that is likely to continue. However, the increased scrutiny of elder abuse has raised questions about the consequences of prosecution on victims, perpetrators, and society, calling for a careful analysis of when and how the criminal justice system intervenes in these cases. To understand the nature and characteristics of elder
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Resisting Dehumanization in the Age of “AI” Current Directions in Psychological Science (IF 7.867) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Emily M. Bender
The production and promotion of “AI” technology involves dehumanization on many fronts. I explore these processes of dehumanization and the role that cognitive science can play by bringing a richer picture of human cognition to the discourse.
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A critical comparison of aggressive intrusive thoughts in obsessive compulsive disorder and aggressive scripts in offender populations Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Stephanie Fernandez, Michael Daffern, Richard Moulding, Maja Nedeljkovic
Thoughts about harming another person are a common phenomenon and can be understood through two different constructs: aggressive intrusive thoughts and aggressive scripts. Aggressive intrusive thoughts are commonly investigated in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and aggressive scripts are reported by offender populations. The current review explores whether aggressive intrusive thoughts and aggressive
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Humor and morality in organizations Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.813) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Kai Chi Yam, Yamon Min Ye
Successful leaders often use humor to motivate, inspire, and lead. Yet, recent research suggests that the use of humor is risky for leaders. Our review suggests that humor must be morally offensive to people for it to be perceived as funny. This inherent tension between humor and morality implies that the use of humor can sometimes act as a signal of acceptable moral standards in organizations, where
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Femicide during pregnancy and postpartum period by an intimate partner: An integrative review Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 PhD Marcela Quaresma Soares, PhD Cristiane Magalhães de Melo, PhD Paula Dias Bevilacqua
Femicide, the most extreme expression of gender-based violence, is perpetrated primarily by intimate partners, and it also victimizes women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. This study aimed to analyze the scientific literature on intimate partner femicide among pregnant and postpartum women to determine the magnitude of this event, its risk factors, and the main information sources consulted
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Anxiety and Mentalizing: Uncertainty as a Driver of Egocentrism Current Directions in Psychological Science (IF 7.867) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Andrew D. R. Surtees, Henry Briscoe, Andrew R. Todd
Emotions shape how people understand and interact with others. Here, we review evidence on the relationship between anxiety—a future-oriented emotion characterized by negative valence, high arousal, and uncertainty—and mentalizing—the ascription of mental content to other agents. We examine three aspects of this relationship: how people with anxiety disorders perform on mentalizing tasks relative to
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Music, Memory, and Imagination Current Directions in Psychological Science (IF 7.867) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Elizabeth Hellmuth Margulis, Kelly Jakubowski
This article argues that the capacity of music to reliably cue both autobiographical memories and fictional imaginings can be leveraged to better understand the relationship and interdependence between memory and imagination more generally. The multiple levels involved in musical engagement provide a rich forum for investigating how emotional, semantic, and contextual associations with musical cues
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Hidden Reward: Affect and Its Prediction Errors as Windows Into Subjective Value Current Directions in Psychological Science (IF 7.867) Pub Date : 2024-01-20 Marius C. Vollberg, David Sander
Scientists increasingly apply concepts from reinforcement learning to affect, but which concepts should apply? And what can their application reveal that we cannot know from directly observable states? An important reinforcement learning concept is the difference between reward expectations and outcomes. Such reward prediction errors have become foundational to research on adaptive behavior in humans
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Cognitive Inertia: Cyclical Interactions Between Attention and Memory Shape Learning Current Directions in Psychological Science (IF 7.867) Pub Date : 2024-01-20 Brandon M. Turner, Vladimir M. Sloutsky
In explaining how humans selectively attend, common frameworks often focus on how attention is allocated relative to an idealized allocation based on properties of the task. However, these perspectives often ignore different types of constraints that could help explain why attention was allocated in a particular way. For example, many computational models of learning are well equipped to explain how
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Parent-Focused Interventions to Support Children’s Early Math Learning Current Directions in Psychological Science (IF 7.867) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Melissa E. Libertus
Even before starting formal schooling, children show substantial variations in math skills suggesting that the home learning environment plays an important role in shaping young children’s math skills. Here, I review interventions aimed at providing young children with opportunities to learn math at home to identify what types of parent-guided activities may be effective at improving young children’s
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The importance of epistemology for the study of misinformation Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.813) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Joseph Uscinski, Shane Littrell, Casey Klofstad
Scholars have rapidly produced a robust body of literature addressing the public's beliefs in, and interactions with “misinformation.” Despite the literature's stated concerns about the underlying truth value of the information and beliefs in question, the field has thus far operated without a reliable epistemology for determining the truth of the information and beliefs in question, often leaving
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Violence towards formal and informal caregivers and its consequences in the home care setting: A systematic mixed studies review Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 B. Lucien, S. Zwakhalen, O. Morenon, S. Hahn
Violence towards formal and informal caregivers is a frequently occurring and complex international hazard in healthcare that has a negative impact on the physical and psychological health states of caregivers. However, little is known about the prevalence and type of violence towards formal and informal caregivers by care recipients in the home care settings. The aim of this review is to obtain insight
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“It's Not Literally True, But You Get the Gist:” How nuanced understandings of truth encourage people to condone and spread misinformation Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.813) Pub Date : 2024-01-13 Julia A. Langdon, Beth Anne Helgason, Judy Qiu, Daniel A. Effron
People have a more-nuanced view of misinformation than the binary distinction between “fake news” and “real news” implies. We distinguish between the truth of a statement's verbatim details (i.e., the specific, literal information) and its gist (i.e., the general, overarching meaning), and suggest that people tolerate and intentionally spread misinformation in part because they believe its gist. That
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Popular Psychology Through a Scientific Lens: Evaluating Love Languages From a Relationship Science Perspective Current Directions in Psychological Science (IF 7.867) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Emily A. Impett, Haeyoung Gideon Park, Amy Muise
The public has something of an obsession with love languages, believing that the key to lasting love is for partners to express love in each other’s preferred language. Despite the popularity of Chapman’s book The 5 Love Languages, there is a paucity of empirical work on love languages, and collectively, it does not provide strong empirical support for the book’s three central assumptions that (a)
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Updating the identity-based model of belief: From false belief to the spread of misinformation Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.813) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Jay J. Van Bavel, Steve Rathje, Madalina Vlasceanu, Clara Pretus
The spread of misinformation threatens democratic societies, hampering informed decision-making. Partisan identity biases perceptions of reality, promoting false beliefs. The Identity-based Model of Political Belief explains how social identity shapes information processing and contributes to misinformation. According to this model, social identity goals can override accuracy goals, leading to belief
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Family violence and food consumption: A systematic review Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Lidiane da Cruz Morais, Tatiana Henriques Leite, Maria Helena Hasselmann, Emanuele Souza Marques
This study aimed to systematize the peer-reviewed studies published about the relationship between direct and indirect exposure to family violence in childhood and adolescence and food consumption at different stages of life. Seven databases were searched, without restrictions on language and year of publication. Publications in English, Spanish or Portuguese about the experience of family violence
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The relationship between cash-based interventions and violence: A systematic review and evidence map Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Daiane Borges Machado, Noemia Teixeira de Siqueira Filha, Fanny Cortes, Luís F.S. Castro-de-Araujo, Flavia Jôse Oliveira Alves, Dandara Ramos, Erika Fialho Xavier, Fernando Zanghelini, William Rudgard, David K. Humphreys, Maurício L. Barreto
Violence of all types is a global public health problem. Cash-based incentives can potentially reduce violence outcomes by reducing economic hardership. We aim to deliver a comprehensive systematic review of the relationship between cash-based incentives with a variety of violence outcomes.
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Global prevalence and factors associated with workplace violence against nursing students: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Farouq Bin Mohamed Mohamed, Ling Jie Cheng, Xiang Er Cherrie Chia, Hannele Turunen, Hong-Gu He
Workplace violence encompasses physical violence, verbal abuse, sexual harassment, bullying, and threatening behaviors. Reviews indicate that it is widely prevalent among healthcare professionals, but there is a lack of well-designed reviews specifically focusing on nursing students. This review aimed to synthesize the global prevalence and factors associated with workplace violence against nursing
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Witnessing workplace bullying — A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual health and well-being outcomes Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2023-12-30 Morten Birkeland Nielsen, Ståle Valvatne Einarsen, Sana Parveen, Michael Rosander
Through a systematic review and meta-analysis of research on individual health and well-being outcomes this paper examines the consequences of witnessing, and thereby being a bystander to, workplace bullying. The review was limited to peer-reviewed primary observational studies with cross-sectional or prospective research design which included findings on outcomes among witnesses to bullying. The review
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Constructs associated with youth crime and violence amongst 6-18 year olds: A systematic review of systematic reviews Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2023-12-27 Roz Ullman, Suzet Tanya Lereya, Freya Glendinnin, Jessica Deighton, Angelika Labno, Shaun Liverpool, Julian Edbrooke-Childs
It is the duty of adults in the network around young people (e.g., parents/carers, educators, professionals) to meet their different needs. According to Child-First philosophy, if a young person becomes involved in youth crime and violence, this might be due to unmet needs that have escalated to the point of crisis. Research indicates a gamut of possible constructs indicating needs and strengths, and
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User correction Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.813) Pub Date : 2023-12-26 Leticia Bode, Emily K. Vraga, Rongwei Tang
This paper reviews the existing literature on user correction to consider its value for combating misinformation on social media. We discuss the effectiveness of user correction in reducing misperceptions, and synthesize best practices, highlighting the dual audiences for public correction on social media. We outline how often user correction occurs across contexts, countries, and social media platforms
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Race, class, and criminal adjudication: Is the US criminal justice system as biased as is often assumed? A meta-analytic review Aggression and Violent Behavior (IF 4.874) Pub Date : 2023-12-23 Christopher J. Ferguson, Sven Smith
It is widely reported that the US criminal justice system is systematically biased in regard to criminal adjudication based on race and class. Specifically, there is concern that Black and Latino defendants as well as poorer defendants receive harsher sentences than Whites or Asians or wealthier defendants. We tested this in a meta-analytic review of 51 studies including 120 effect sizes. Several databases
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Mean rating difference scores are poor measures of discernment: The role of response criteria Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.813) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Philip A. Higham, Ariana Modirrousta-Galian, Tina Seabrooke
Many interventions aim to protect people from misinformation. Here, we review common measures used to assess their efficacy. Some measures only assess the target behavior (e.g., ability to spot misinformation) and therefore cannot determine whether interventions have overly general effects (e.g., erroneously identifying accurate information as misinformation). Better measures assess discernment, the
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Increases in Prosociality across Adulthood: The Pure-Altruism Hypothesis Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.813) Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Ulrich Mayr, Taren Rohovit, Alexandra Freund
A growing body of research suggests that prosocial behavior increases across adulthood. Yet, whether these age differences reflect “pure altruistic” or selfish motives, or the developmental mechanisms that underlie them, are largely unknown. Within a value-based decision framework, pure altruistic tendencies can be measured and distinguished from impure altruistic motives through neural-level information
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Cognitive aging and the life course: A new look at the Scaffolding theory Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.813) Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz, Denise C. Park
Our understanding of human neurocognitive aging, its developmental roots, and life course influences has been transformed by brain imaging technologies, increasing availability of longitudinal data sets, and analytic advances. The is a life course model, proposed originally in 2009, featuring adaptivity and compensatory potential as lifelong mechanisms for meeting neurocognitive challenges posed by