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Can Mental Tricks Effect Social Change? American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Benjamin J. Lovett
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Impact of Intrinsic Cognitive Skills and Metacognitive Beliefs on Tool Use Performance American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 François Osiurak,Emanuelle Reynaud,Jordan Navarro
Abstract Cognitive tools (e.g., calculators) provide all users with the same potential. Yet when people use such cognitive tools, interindividual variations are observed. Previous findings have indicated that 2 main factors could explain these variations: intrinsic cognitive skills (i.e., the “non–tool use” cognitive skills associated with the task targeted) and metacognitive beliefs about one's performance
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How We Tell Apart Fiction from Reality American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Anna Abraham
Abstract The human ability to tell apart reality from fiction is intriguing. Through a range of media, such as novels and movies, we are able to readily engage in fictional worlds and experience alternative realities. Yet even when we are completely immersed and emotionally engaged within these worlds, we have little difficulty in leaving the fictional landscapes and getting back to the day-to-day
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Tribute to E. J. Capaldi: Celebration of a Psychological Scientist American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Robert W. Proctor,Meaghan Altman,Steven J. Haggbloom,Ana P. G. Martins,Daniel J. Miller,Ronald M. Miller
Abstract E. J. (John) Capaldi (1928–2020) made numerous contributions to experimental psychology in his long career at the University of Texas at Austin and Purdue University. He was a pioneer in the area of animal learning and cognition, known for his sequential theory of partial reinforcement extinction effects. His research in this area and in memory and counting phenomena was conducted for the
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Do Recall and Recognition Lead to Different Retrieval Experiences? American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Oyku Uner,Henry L. Roediger
Abstract The relation between recall and recognition has been debated in various contexts, and researchers have asked whether these tasks lie on a single continuum depending on the type of retrieval cues or whether they represent distinctly different processes. In the current experiment, we considered the continuity hypothesis, which states that recall and recognition are different only in cue information
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Understandings of Syllogisms in Ontogeny and History: The Contributions of J. Piaget, A. R. Luria, M. Cole, and S. Scribner in Comparison American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Georg W. Oesterdiekhoff
Abstract J. Piaget described how children first elaborate elementary, then empirical and finally logical deductions. A. R. Luria was one of the first to show that illiterate adults of premodern cultures exhibit no understanding of the syllogisms that presuppose logical deductions. He listed the explanatory factors that Piaget had also listed. An American research group led by M. Cole and S. Scribner
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Good, Better, Best: How Evolution Optimizes Anatomy and Action American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Peter R. Killeen
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Indirect Associations Between Self-Rated Alertness and Recall via Strategic and Nonstrategic Factors American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Jane F. Gaultney
Abstract Excessive daytime sleepiness is associated with reduced cognitive functioning in children and adolescents. The present study was an initial examination of direct and indirect associations between sleep and recall via strategic and nonstrategic memory processes in a sample of 66 participants from grades 1, 3, 5, and college. Stimuli varied in familiarity and presence of a strategy prompt. Strategy
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Accio Knowledge: Children's Knowledge Acquisition in the Domain of Harry Potter American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Kathleen M. Galotti,Katharine L. Hauge,Chris Leppink-Shands,Valerie A. Umscheid,Jed Villanueva
Abstract We conducted a conceptual replication of Chi and Koeske (1983) and Gobbo and Chi's (1986) studies on children's knowledge acquisition. One hundred elementary school students (86 through 159 months of age, in school grades 1 through 7) were asked to recall information about Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, the first of the books in the Harry Potter series. A quantitative measure of expertise
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Spread of Negative Affect via Social Media: The Affective Consequences of Viewing Others’ Fortunate and Unfortunate Social Media Posts American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Nicholas Boehm,Kyle Richardson,William Hart,Gregory K. Tortoriello
Abstract Research suggests that viewing successful or fortunate others’ social media portrayals may promote a more negative hedonic experience via social comparison tendencies, but this notion has rarely been tested experimentally. Here, we tested the possibility that viewing fortunate and unfortunate social media portrayals (vs. neutral portrayals) may also promote a negative hedonic experience. In
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Effects of Differing Exercise Intensities on the Response Time of Gymnasts and Nongymnasts in a Mental Body Rotation Task American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Salma Khalfallah,Bessem Mkaouer,Samiha Amara,Hamdi Habacha,Nizar Souissi
Abstract The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of different levels of exercise intensity on mental rotation performance in gymnasts versus nongymnasts. A group of elite gymnasts and a group of nongymnasts performed a mental body rotation task at rest and then performed the same task preceded by short bouts of intense exercise at 60%, 80%, 100%, and 120% of their maximum aerobic
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Conspiracy and Democracy: Same as Always? We Don’t Think So American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Nancy Rosenblum,Russell Muirhead
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Examination of a Response–Effect Compatibility Task With Continuous Mouse Movements: Free- Versus Forced-Choice Tasks and Sequential Modulations American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Carolin Schonard,Robert W. Proctor,Aiping Xiong,Markus Janczyk
Abstract According to ideomotor theory, we select actions by recalling and anticipating their sensory consequences, that is, their action effects. Compelling evidence for this theory comes from response–effect compatibility (REC) experiments, in which a response produces an effect with which it is either compatible or incompatible. For example, pressing a left/right response key is faster if it is
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High Destination Memory for Emotionally Incongruent Information American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Mohamad El Haj,Philippe Allain,Leslie de Bont,André Ndobo
Abstract This article investigates the effect of emotion on destination memory. Participants were asked to tell neutral, positive, and negative information to neutral, positive, and negative faces. Afterward, participants were asked to remember to whom each piece of information was previously told. Results demonstrated high destination memory when the positive face was associated with negative information
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Daily Implications of Felt Love for Sleep Quality American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Chelsea N. Dickens,Allison L. Gray,Saeideh Heshmati,Zita Oravecz,Timothy R. Brick
Abstract This study introduces the concept of felt love as the monadic experience of love, a parallel of dyadic love, and presents a study examining the relationships between daily felt love and sleep quality across 28 days. Before beginning the daily protocol, participants answered 60 questions assessing common situations that may make people feel loved. These questions were used to establish a consensus
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Between-Group Mean Differences in Intelligence in the United States Are >0% Genetically Caused: Five Converging Lines of Evidence American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Russell T. Warne
Abstract The past 30 years of research in intelligence has produced a wealth of knowledge about the causes and consequences of differences in intelligence between individuals, and today mainstream opinion is that individual differences in intelligence are caused by both genetic and environmental influences. Much more contentious is the discussion over the cause of mean intelligence differences between
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Perceiving the Other Self: An Experimental First-Person Account of Nonverbal Social Interaction American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Johannes Wagemann,Ulrich Weger
Abstract In psychology, the topics of the self and social perception in nonverbal interaction have been intensively examined but have so far been limited to certain aspects of their interdependence. The self is conceived mostly as a bundle of functions and personality traits that predominantly resist integration, except in the form of mental representations that do not allow conscious access to the
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Perception of Dynamic Point Light Facial Expression American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Yukari Takarae,Michael K. McBeath,R. Chandler Krynen
Abstract This study uses point light displays both to investigate the roles of global and local motion analyses in the perception of dynamic facial expressions and to measure the information threshold for reliable recognition of emotions. We videotaped the faces of actors wearing black makeup with white dots while they dynamically produced each of 6 basic Darwin/Ekman emotional expressions. The number
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Second-Language Influence on First-Language Animacy Constraints and Word Order in Korean–English Bilinguals American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Amy L. Lebkuecher,Barbara C. Malt
Abstract Does second-language (L2) syntactic influence on first-language (L1) reflect long-term changes to L1 syntax or occur only as a result of retrieval difficulties during time-constrained tasks? To evaluate L2 influence on L1 representation of animacy constraints (an element at the syntax–semantics interface) and word order (narrow syntax), we asked Korean–English bilingual speakers to judge sentences
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Down with Theory and Evidence? American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Joseph M. Parent,Joseph E. Uscinski
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It’s Better to Burn Out Than to Fade Away American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Joachim I. Krueger
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Rand Boyd Evans (1942–2021) American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Alfred H. Fuchs
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C. S. Peirce’s Forgotten but Enduring Relevance to Psychological Science American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Brett A. Murphy,Scott O. Lilienfeld
Abstract Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) was one of the most polymathically brilliant scientific thinkers in American history. He was also arguably the first American experimental psychologist, strongly influencing some of the nation’s earliest modern psychology pioneers. Yet partly because of the lasting effects of personal scandals and powerful enemies, he has been almost entirely forgotten by
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How Processing Fluency Contributes to the Old/New Effects of Familiarity and Recollection: Evidence From the Remember/Know Paradigm American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Aiqing Nie,Ru Pan,Hongwu Shen
Abstract Previous investigations have demonstrated FN400 and LPC, 2 event-related potential old/new effects that respectively reflect familiarity- and recollection-based processes in memory. However, it is unclear whether these effects are susceptible to processing fluency, particularly different types of processing fluency. To address this issue, applying a masked priming paradigm, we conducted an
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Less Constrained Practice Tests Enhance the Testing Effect for Item Memory but Not Context Memory American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Konstadena L. Giannakopoulos,Matthew P. McCurdy,Allison M. Sklenar,Andrea N. Frankenstein,Pauline Urban Levy,Eric D. Leshikar
Abstract Research shows that retrieval practice, compared with restudying, improves memory for previously learned information (i.e., testing effect); however, less work has examined testing effects for context memory (i.e., memory for associated details encountered at study). The present investigation examines the extent to which giving less information (i.e., fewer constraints) on a practice test
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Contribution of Retinal Motion to the Impulse Control of Target-Directed Aiming American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 James W. Roberts,Lawrence E. M. Grierson
Abstract Contemporary models of sensorimotor control contend that visually regulated movement adjustments may unfold early during a target-directed limb movement through an impulse control process that makes use of anticipatory forward models. To date, evidence surrounding impulse control has involved adjustments to a purported misperception in limb velocity following the unexpected onset of a moving
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Neurocognitive Mechanism of Remote and Close Associations: An fMRI Study American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Ching-Lin Wu,Yu-Chen Chan,Hsueh-Chih Chen
Abstract Remote association is the ability to combine seemingly unrelated components into new concepts and is evaluated via the Remote Associates Test (RAT). The RAT has generally been used to examine brain activation during insight problem solving but not remote association. Moreover, little is known about the neural correlates of remote association and close association. To address this issue, we
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The Roles of Different Appraisals in Anxiety and Emotional Exhaustion: A Case of NCAA Division I Head Coaches American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Ye Hoon Lee
Abstract The complex and unpredictable nature of sport competitions causes athletic coaches to experience a substantial amount of anxiety, which can be detrimental to their well-being and performance. Therefore, it is important to identify the psychological process of how coaches manage their anxiety. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between the four different cognitive appraisals
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Editor’s Note: 100th Anniversary of the Transition from Hall to Titchener American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Robert W. Proctor
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My Life as a Book Reviewer American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Joachim I. Krueger
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Different Developmental Stages and Developmental Ages of Humans in History: Culture and Socialization, Open and Closed Developmental Windows, and Advanced and Arrested Development American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 Georg W. Oesterdiekhoff
Abstract Piagetian cross-cultural psychology indicated that humans living in preindustrial nations do not develop the adolescent stage of formal operations but stay in the preoperational or concrete operational stage. The stage of formal operations originated among intellectual elites of early modern times and became a mass phenomenon in the 20th century, many empirical indicators suggest. Racial-biological
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Order in the Courtroom: Let Us Hear What the Experts Have to Say American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 Ylva Østby
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Untangling Decision Routes in Moral Dilemmas: The Refugee Dilemma American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 Albert Barque-Duran,Emmanuel M. Pothos
Abstract It is sometimes considered that there are 2 routes to moral choice, deontological and utilitarian (with debate as to whether each of these routes uniquely reflect emotional vs. analytic components). Yet in moral judgments we are often faced with a third route to choice, based on rules imposed by an outside agency (most typically the legal framework of a country). Whether we agree with these
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Horror Videogame Sound Effects, Cardiovascular Arousal, and Ethnic Bias in the Decision to Shoot American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 Mary E. Ballard,Michael Spencer,Megan K. Holtkamp,Evan Sakrison,Ta’rah Kindle
Abstract This study used a survival horror videogame to examine the impact of scary sound effects on cardiovascular and affective arousal and determine whether differences in cardiovascular arousal increased bias in shooting people of color (POCs) first in a shooter task. We expected that participants who played the horror videogame with scary sound effects would have higher cardiovascular arousal
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The Crippled Mind: Rebuttal of Peters American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 Joachim I. Krueger
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How Relatedness Need Satisfaction or Frustration and Motivation Relate to Well-Being on Social Networking Sites American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 Yunxiang Chen,Ruoxuan Li,Xiangping Liu
Abstract Given the widespread use of social networking sites across the world and their importance in people’s lives, explaining users’ well-being on these platforms is certainly worthy of research inquiry. However, little attention has been given to well-being in the context of social networks. Building on the dual process model of the self-determination theory, we hypothesized that for the relatedness
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Divided Attention in Schizophrenia: A Dual Task Paradigm American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 Alejandro González-Andrade,Beatriz López-Luengo,Manuel Miguel Ramos Álvarez,Sandra Santiago-Ramajo
Abstract Schizophrenia is known to be associated with attentional deficits. Few studies have examined whether the disorder is also associated with a deficit in the ability to divide attention, and they have given contradictory results. Some have reported that patients show greater loss of performance than healthy controls when moving from single tasks to dual tasks, and others have reported that performance
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A Genetic Determinant of the Preference Reversal Phenomenon American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 Jianmin Zeng,Xin Xiong,Xingrong Hou,Hong Chen,Li Su
Abstract The preference reversal phenomenon occurs when revealed preference orderings for the same alternatives differ between 2 response modes. This phenomenon can be explained by dual process theories. System 1 is swift, automatic, and susceptible to biases, but System 2 is slow and deliberative and can correct biases produced by System 1. A more impulsive person, using fewer cognitive resources
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Solving a Mystery in Levels-of-Processing Research: The Word-First Paradigm American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 Eylul Tekin,Henry L. Roediger
Abstract In the standard levels-of-processing (LOP) paradigm, subjects are presented with a question directing them to attend to surface features (case), phonetic features (rhyme), or semantic features (category) of an upcoming word. Answering the question greatly affects recall and recognition for the word, and this outcome is attributed to differing LOP of the word. Craik (1977) reasoned that if
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Numeracy Matters: Response to “Do the Math” By Joachim I. Krueger American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 Ellen Peters
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The Characteristics and Benefits of Disclosing Personal Experiences in Prison: A Study of the Writing Paradigm American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Antonietta Curci,Lidia de Leonardis,Tiziana Lanciano,Pierpaolo Basile
Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics and benefits of writing about personal experiences in prison. A variation of the classic writing paradigm was proposed to a sample of 93 male inmates in southern Italian prisons. Participants were left to write on any personal experience related to their condition and time in prison in 4 daily sessions. Measures of subjective well-being
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Reading Deficits, Executive Functions, and Social Adjustment Problems: Direct and Mediated Relations American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Farzana Ashraf,Shameem Fatima,Najma Najam
Abstract The main objective of the present study was to examine the direct and indirect relations between reading deficits, executive functions, and social adjustment problems in a sample of 210 adolescents. Results demonstrated significant positive correlations between reading deficits, executive function deficits, and social adjustment problems. Furthermore, the findings from two multimediation models
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The Ingredients of the Creative Mind American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Anna Abraham
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Individual Response–Effect Congruencies Modulate Subsequent Stimulus–Response Compatibility Effects American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 James D. Miles,Kim-Phuong L. Vu
Abstract Expectations of the outcomes of our actions can directly influence response behavior. In 2 experiments, we demonstrate that the congruency between a response and its unanticipated effect (R-E congruency) can also influence task performance by moderating the magnitude of stimulus-response (S-R) compatibility effects on a subsequent trial. This is the case when response effects are physical
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Positive—Negative Asymmetry in Evaluation of Natural Stimuli: Empirical Study in the Contrast Model of Similarity Extended to Open Sets American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Andrzej Falkowski,Maria Sidoruk,Justyna Olszewska,Magdalena Jabłońska
Abstract The current work shows empirical verification of the similarity theory extended to open sets of features, which states that an increase in similarity between 2 objects results from the deletion of distinctive features or the addition of common features, albeit with different effects. To date, theoretical simulations and empirical demonstrations using real features have shown how the model
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The Visual Working Memory Demands of Processing Conventional Metaphoric Language American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Alison Whiteford-Damerall
Abstract According to the conceptual metaphor theory (CMT; Lakoff & Johnson, 1980), conceptual metaphors, such as “Life is a journey,” are used to map the characteristics of abstract domains (e.g., life) onto more accessible concrete domains (e.g., a journey). Uses such as “dead-end job” and “they’re on the right track” are manifestations of this conceptual metaphor. When and how these mappings might
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Is Intuitive Psychology Bad for Psychology? Reply to Krueger American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Iris Berent
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Straight Dope on Being Duped American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Richard W. Bloom
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Creativity Understood: From Neuromythology to Neuroscience American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Elkhonon Goldberg
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Impact of Physical Activity on an Individual’s Creativity: A Day-Level Analysis American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Ashish Bollimbala,P. S. James,Shirshendu Ganguli
Abstract Physical activity is fast emerging as a predictor of complex cognitive processes, yet its impact on creativity is not well researched. This study analyzes the immediate and retention effects of an enjoyable physical activity intervention at the end of the workday on the divergent and convergent thinking components of creativity via a randomized controlled trial of 68 MBA students. The treatment
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Efficacy of Guided Versus Self-Induced Learning of Web-Based Self-Compassionate Journaling by College Students American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Jessica Williamson,Ginette C. Blackhart
Abstract We conducted 3 studies examining the efficacy of web-based self-compassionate journaling (SCJ). The goal was to compare the effects of guided and self-administered journaling on self-reported follow-up self-compassion scores and participant perceptions of the induction. In Study 1 participants were randomly assigned to an online SCJ exercise, online narrative journaling control group, or attention
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Beyond Dualism and Essentialism: Reply to Berent American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Joachim I. Krueger
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Crossing the Rubicon from the Social to the Biological Sciences American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Russell T. Warne
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Why Are Trial-by-Trial, Strength-Based Criterion Shifts Hard to Observe? Is the Difficulty in the Mental Process Itself or in the Typical Cued Criterion Method? American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Jerwen Jou,Eric E. Escamilla,Andy U. Torres,Alejandro Ortiz,Maria S. Matos
Abstract In the cued criterion recognition paradigm (Stretch & Wixted, 1998b), trial-by-trial memory strength-based criterion shifts have been an elusive phenomenon. Often the criterion shifts do not occur. We suggest that the frequent failure in making criterion shifts in the literature is caused by participants’ failure to understand the rationale of the task as typically presented in an abstract
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The Special Brain: Subclinical Grandiose Narcissism and Self-Face Recognition in the Right Prefrontal Cortex American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Rachel Kramer,Kelly Duran,Heather Soder,Lisa Applegate,Amel Youssef,Matthew Criscione,Julian Paul Keenan
Abstract Though debated, it has been argued that self-face recognition is an indicator of consciousness of self typically called self-awareness. Evidence from behavioral and neuronal studies suggests that self-recognition is associated with activation in the right prefrontal cortex (PFC). Although previous studies have examined neurological correlates of deficits in self-recognition (e.g., autism,
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Intention to Respond in a Special Way Protects against Forgetting Associations Even When Working Memory Is Occupied American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Alice F. Healy,Vivian I. Schneider,Carolyn J. Buck-Gengler,James A. Kole,Immanuel Barshi
Abstract In 2 experiments, subjects engaged in 6 or 7 124-trial blocks of a continuous memory-updating paradigm with study and test trials intermixed. They studied name–location associations and were tested for the location most recently associated with a given name. On study trials, all responses were to be made on a right-hand map. On default test trials, responses were also to be made on the right-hand
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You Are Right, You Are Wrong: The Effect of Feedback on Intuitive Thinking American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Elisa Gambetti,Fabio Marinello,Micaela Maria Zucchelli,Raffaella Nori,Fiorella Giusbeerti
Abstract Dual process theories of decision making distinguish between type 1 processes, which are commonly assumed to be fast and autonomous and related to intuitive thinking, and type 2 processes, which require the involvement of working memory and are closely linked to analytical reasoning. The purpose of this work was to study the role of external information about intuitively made decisions, examining
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The Place of Fact in a World of Values: An Interpretation of Michael Wertheimer’s Memoirs American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Wayne Viney
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The Process of Scientific Investigation American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Stanley A. Rice
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Comprehensive Neuroscience Techniques of Understanding the Brain: Brain Organization, Experimental Design, and Research Methods American Journal of Psychology (IF 1.059) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Jianrong Zhao,Jin Xue