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In what ways do accessible attitudes ease decision making? Examining the reproducibility of accessibility effects across cultural contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Aaron J Barnes,Sharon Shavitt
Making attitudes more accessible via rehearsal has been shown to ease decision making by speeding the act of choosing and increasing the correspondence between one's attitudes and choices (e.g., Fazio, 1995; Fazio et al., 1992; Fazio & Williams, 1986). These effects are central to decades of attitude research and are citation classics in social psychology. We report 25 studies (N = 6,162), conducted
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A cognitive-ecological approach to temporal self-appraisals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Matthew Baldwin,Hans Alves,Christian Unkelbach
We investigate self-appraisals over time using a cognitive-ecological approach. We assume that ecologically, negative person attributes are more diverse than positive ones, while positive person attributes are more frequent than negative ones. We combine these ecological properties with the cognitive process of similarity- and differences-based social comparisons to predict temporal self-appraisals
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Let it go: How exaggerating the reputational costs of revealing negative information encourages secrecy in relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Michael Kardas,Amit Kumar,Nicholas Epley
Keeping negative interpersonal secrets can diminish well-being, yet people nevertheless keep negative information secret from friends, family, and loved ones to protect their own reputations. Twelve experiments suggest these reputational concerns are systematically miscalibrated, creating a misplaced barrier to honesty in relationships. In hypothetical scenarios (Experiments 1, S1, and S2), laboratory
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The Self-Promotion Boost: Positive consequences for observers of high-rank self-promoters. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Kelly A Nault,Andy J Yap
This research examines how self-promotion conducted by relatively higher ranked individuals affects observers' affect and motivation. We developed and tested the idea of a Self-Promotion Boost-superior self-promoters inspire lower ranked observers by sharing achievement-related information that reflects opportunities to succeed in relevant domains, eliciting high-activation positive affect and greater
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(when) do counterattitudinal exemplars shift implicit racial evaluations? Replications and extensions of Dasgupta and Greenwald (2001). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Benedek Kurdi,Alex Sanchez,Nilanjana Dasgupta,Mahzarin R Banaji
Dasgupta and Greenwald (2001) demonstrated that exposure to positive Black exemplars (e.g., Colin Powell) and negative White exemplars (e.g., Jeffrey Dahmer) can reduce implicit pro-White/anti-Black evaluations, as measured by an Implicit Association Test. Here, we report seven preregistered online experiments conducted with volunteer U.S. participants (N = 6,953) that sought to replicate and probe
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Reminders undermine impressions of genuine gratitude. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Jiabi Wang,Shereen J Chaudhry,Alex Koch
While reminders can help by encouraging prosocial behaviors, we propose that they can also hurt. Across 10 studies, most of which focus on reminders to express gratitude, we find that reminders interfere with impressions of genuine prosociality. Whether people are reminded subtly (Studies 1a and 6-8) or blatantly (Studies 2-5) to express gratitude, the reminder is perceived to put social pressure on
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You get us, so you like us: Feeling understood by an outgroup predicts more positive intergroup relations via perceived positive regard. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-11-16 Andrew G Livingstone,Summer L Bedford,Aya Afyouni,Ngoc Vu,Ioanna Kapantai,Damilola Makanju,Maria Chayinska,Roberto González,Pía Carozzi,Camila Contreras,Sarosha Byrne,Jennifer Guy,Lara King,Clarissa H C Lo,Harriet Pearson,Calandra Tapp
Intergroup felt understanding-the belief that outgroup members understand and accept ingroup perspectives-has been found to predict positive intergroup outcomes, but the mechanism through which it has its positive effects is unclear. Across eight studies, we tested the hypothesis that felt positive regard-the perception that outgroup members like and respect ingroup members-mediates the positive effects
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Investigating the trajectory of Mexican-origin youth's materialistic values across adolescence and prospective associations with life satisfaction in early adulthood: The role of familism, demographic factors, and parent characteristics. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Bing Shi,Rongxin Cheng,Richard W Robins
Using data from a 14-year longitudinal study of 674 Mexican-origin youth, the present study examined the development of materialistic values (MV) across adolescence (ages 10-16), correlates of the adolescent MV trajectory, and prospective associations between the MV trajectory and life satisfaction in early adulthood (ages 17-23). Latent growth curve analyses showed that MV decreased, on average, from
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Nature nurtures authenticity: Mechanisms and consequences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Ying Yang,Constantine Sedikides,Yuqi Wang,Huajian Cai
Contact with nature may benefit, not only the bodily organism, but also the psychological self. We proposed that, assuming humans' innate affinity for nature (the biophilia hypothesis), nature would be conducive to a sense of environment-self fit, which would be experienced as authenticity (being aligned with one's true self). We formulated several hypotheses: (a) nature fosters authenticity, and it
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Listening to understand: The role of high-quality listening on speakers' attitude depolarization during disagreements. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Guy Itzchakov,Netta Weinstein,Mark Leary,Dvori Saluk,Moty Amar
Disagreements can polarize attitudes when they evoke defensiveness from the conversation partners. When a speaker talks, listeners often think about ways to counterargue. This process often fails to depolarize attitudes and might even backfire (i.e., the Boomerang effect). However, what happens in disagreements if one conversation partner genuinely listens to the other's perspective? We hypothesized
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Subjective experiences of life events match individual differences in personality development. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Ted Schwaba,Jaap J A Denissen,Maike Luhmann,Christopher J Hopwood,Wiebke Bleidorn
The last 2 decades have witnessed increased research on the role of life events in personality trait development, but few findings appear to be robust. We propose that a key to resolving this issue is incorporating individuals' subjective experiences into the study of event-related development. To test this, we developed and administered a survey about event-related personality change to a representative
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Does personality always matter for health? Examining the moderating effect of age on the personality-health link from life span developmental and aging perspectives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Jing Luo,Bo Zhang,Eileen K Graham,Daniel K Mroczek
Extensive evidence has been found for the associations between personality traits and health. However, it remains unknown whether the relationships between personality and health show differential patterns across different life stages. The current research examined how the associations between the levels of and changes in the Big Five personality traits and different types of health outcomes (self-rated
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Situating smartphones in daily life: Big Five traits and contexts associated with young adults' smartphone use. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Katherine C Roehrick,Sumer S Vaid,Gabriella M Harari
We examine individual differences in smartphone behavior to understand the independent effects of Big Five traits and four different contextual factors (places, people, co-occurring activities, and psychological situations) on the frequency and duration of smartphone use in daily life. Using survey, experience sampling, and mobile sensing data collected over the span of 2 weeks from two samples of
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The bright side of secrecy: The energizing effect of positive secrets. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Michael L Slepian,Katharine H Greenaway,Nicholas P Camp,Adam D Galinsky
Existing wisdom holds that secrecy is burdensome and fatiguing. However, past research has conflated secrecy with the kinds of adverse events that are often kept secret. As a result, it is unclear whether secrecy is inherently depleting, or whether these consequences vary based on the underlying meaning of the secret. We resolve this confound by examining the consequences of positive secrets. In contrast
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Anger has benefits for attaining goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 Heather C Lench,Noah T Reed,Tiffany George,Kaitlyn A Kaiser,Sophia G North
Functional accounts of emotion have guided research for decades, with the core assumption that emotions are functional-they improve outcomes for people. Based on functional accounts of emotion, we theorized that anger should improve goal attainment in the presence of challenges. In seven studies, goal attainment was assessed in situations that involved varying levels of challenges to goal attainment
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Metamotivational beliefs about intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 Candice Hubley,Jessica Edwards,David B Miele,Abigail A Scholer
Although intrinsic motivation is often viewed as preferable to more extrinsic forms of motivation, there is evidence that the adaptiveness of these motivational states depends on the nature of the task being completed (e.g., Cerasoli et al., 2014). Specifically, research suggests task-motivation fit such that intrinsic motivation tends to benefit performance on open-ended tasks (tasks that involve
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Golden gazes: Gaze direction and emotional context promote prosocial behavior by increasing attributions of empathy and perspective-taking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Leticia Micheli,Christina Breil,Anne Böckler
Prosocial behavior is fundamental to societies. But when and toward whom do humans act generously? We investigate the impact of a listeners' gaze direction and the emotional context of the story heard on (a) perceptions of their social cognition skills and (b) prosocial decisions toward them. In three experiments (two preregistered, N = 486), human participants witnessed prerecorded video encounters
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The consequences of heroization for exploitation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Matthew L Stanley,Aaron C Kay
The hero label has become a pervasive positive stereotype applied to many different groups and occupations, such as nurses, teachers, and members of the military. Although meant to show support, appreciation, and even admiration, we suggest that attaching this label to groups and occupations may actually have problematic consequences. Specifically, we theorize that the hero label may affect beliefs
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Gender differences and variability in creative ability: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the greater male variability hypothesis in creativity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Christa L Taylor,Sameh Said-Metwaly,Anaëlle Camarda,Baptiste Barbot
Society is largely shaped by creativity, making it critical to understand why, despite minimal mean gender differences in creative ability, substantial differences exist in the creative achievement of men and women. Although the greater male variability hypothesis (GMVH) in creativity has been proposed to explain women's underrepresentation as eminent creators, studies examining the GMVH are sparse
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The civilian's dilemma: Civilians exhibit automatic defensive responses to the police. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Vincenzo J Olivett,David S March
Interactions between police officers and civilians incur for both police and civilians the possibility of danger due to a nonzero likelihood of encountering a physical threat. A body of work examining the implications of threat processes during police-civilian interactions focuses almost exclusively on the perspective of police officers, under the auspice that police use-of-force decisions stem from
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A prosocial value intervention in gateway STEM courses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Judith M Harackiewicz,Cameron A Hecht,Michael W Asher,Patrick N Beymer,Liana B Lamont,Natalie S Wheeler,Nicole M Else-Quest,Stacy J Priniski,Jessi L Smith,Janet S Hyde,Dustin B Thoman
Many college students, especially first-generation and underrepresented racial/ethnic minority students, desire courses and careers that emphasize helping people and society. Can instructors of introductory science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) courses promote motivation, performance, and equity in STEM fields by emphasizing the prosocial relevance of course material? We developed, implemented
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Divergent effects of warmth and competence social rejection: An explanation based on the need-threat model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Feifei Chen,Tieyuan Guo,Jian Wang
Based on the need-threat model, we hypothesized that "warmth rejection" threatens belongingness more than "competence rejection," whereas competence rejection threatens sense of efficacy more than warmth rejection. To restore threatened belongingness, warmth (vs. competence) rejection was predicted to result in higher affiliative responses. In contrast, to restore the threatened sense of efficacy,
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The development of personality-From metatraits to facets-Across adolescence and into adulthood in a sample of Mexican-origin youth. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Whitney R Ringwald,Aleksandra Kaurin,Katherine M Lawson,Aidan G C Wright,Richard W Robins
The time between adolescence and adulthood is a transformative period of development. During these years, youth are exploring work, relationships, and worldviews while gaining the capacities needed to take on adult roles. These social and psychological processes are reflected in how personality develops across this period. Most youth personality development research has focused on the Big Five domains
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Too naïve to lead: When leaders fall for flattery. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Benjamin A Rogers,Ovul Sezer,Nadav Klein
Flattery is one of the oldest and most commonly used impression-management tactics in everyday life. Though it often brings benefits to the flatterer, less is known about how it affects the target. In the present research, we explore when and why being flattered can be costly for leaders-common targets of flattery-depending on how they respond to it. We suggest that leaders who are observed rewarding
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Correction to Wurm and Schäfer (2022). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-10-01
Reports an error in "Gain- but not loss-related self-perceptions of aging predict mortality over a period of 23 years: A multidimensional approach" by Susanne Wurm and Sarah K. Schäfer (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2022[Sep], Vol 123[3], 636-653). The last sentence of the second paragraph of the Prediction of Mortality Based on Single Gain- or Loss-Related SPA Dimensions section now
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The captain of my soul: Self-determination and need-satisfaction help manage death-related cognition, anxiety, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Kenneth E Vail,Dylan E Horner
The present research tested the idea that a self-determined orientation may help people manage death-related thoughts and anxieties, and mitigate the effects of death awareness on well-being. Seven studies (N = 3,331), using a diversity of measures and manipulations, were consistent with that idea. First, mortality salience (vs. other topic primes) increased death-thought accessibility, but not if
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Generalized morality culturally evolves as an adaptive heuristic in large social networks. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Joshua Conrad Jackson,Jamin Halberstadt,Masanori Takezawa,Kongmeng Liew,Kristopher Smith,Coren Apicella,Kurt Gray
Why do people assume that a generous person should also be honest? Why do we even use words like "moral" and "immoral"? We explore these questions with a new model of how people perceive moral character. We propose that people vary in the extent to which they perceive moral character as "localized" (varying along many contextually embedded dimensions) versus "generalized" (varying along a single dimension
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Racism behind the screen: Examining the mediating and moderating relationships between anonymity, online disinhibition, and cyber-racism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Christopher P Barlett,Jordan E Scott
Cyber-racism has emerged as a societal issue that affects many youths and adults; however, no published work has elucidated the psychological processes germane to predicting cyber-racism perpetration. Theory-without data to support its postulates-argues that online disinhibition mediates the relationship between anonymity afforded the online user and cyber-racism. The purpose of the current research
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Examining individual differences in metaperceptive accuracy using the social meta-accuracy model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-09-18 Leonie Hater,Norhan Elsaadawy,Jeremy C Biesanz,Simon M Breil,Lauren J Human,Lisa M Niemeyer,Hasagani Tissera,Mitja D Back,Erika N Carlson
To what extent do individuals differ in understanding how others see them and who is particularly good at it? Answering these questions about the "good metaperceiver" is relevant given the beneficial outcomes of meta-accuracy. However, there likely is more than one type of the good metaperceiver: One who knows the specific impressions they make more than others do (dyadic meta-accuracy) and one who
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Using within-person change in three large panel studies to estimate personality age trajectories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Ingo S Seifert,Julia M Rohrer,Stefan C Schmukle
How does personality change when people get older? Numerous studies have investigated this question, overall supporting the idea of so-called personality maturation. However, heterogeneous findings have left open questions, such as whether maturation continues in old age and how large the effects are. We suggest that the heterogeneity is partly rooted in methodological issues. First, studies may have
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Correction to Elnakouri et al. (2023). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-09-07
Reports an error in "In it together: Shared reality with instrumental others is linked to goal success" by Abdo Elnakouri, Maya Rossignac-Milon, Kori L. Krueger, Amanda L. Forest, E. Tory Higgins and Abigail A. Scholer (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Advanced Online Publication, Jul 13, 2023, np). In the original article, the abstract was revised. Specifically, there were errors in the
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A deep learning approach to personality assessment: Generalizing across items and expanding the reach of survey-based research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-09-07 Suhaib Abdurahman,Huy Vu,Wanling Zou,Lyle Ungar,Sudeep Bhatia
Traditional methods of personality assessment, and survey-based research in general, cannot make inferences about new items that have not been surveyed previously. This limits the amount of information that can be obtained from a given survey. In this article, we tackle this problem by leveraging recent advances in statistical natural language processing. Specifically, we extract "embedding" representations
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Distinguishing four types of Person × Situation interactions: An integrative framework and empirical examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-09-04 Niclas Kuper,Alina S von Garrel,Brenton M Wiernik,Le Vy Phan,Nick Modersitzki,John F Rauthmann
People differ in their reaction to situations, resulting in Person × Situation interactions. These interactions have been emphasized by many theoretical accounts of personality. Nevertheless, empirical progress on Person × Situation interactions has been slow. This is in part attributable to an insufficient distinction of person and situation variables and of different types of interaction effects
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Boosting yourself? Associations between momentary self-esteem, daily social interactions, and self-esteem development in late adolescence and late adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-09-04 Jenny Wagner,Larissa L Wieczorek,Naemi D Brandt
Research over the past 2 decades has repeatedly shown that the evaluation of one's own worth-trait self-esteem-is closely linked to the quality of social relationships and perceptions of social inclusion. However, there is limited evidence on the dynamics between momentary self-esteem and perceptions of social inclusion in everyday life, as well as on their possible long-term (bottom-up) effects on
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Retraction of Gino et al. (2020). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-09-01
Reports the retraction of "Why connect? Moral consequences of networking with a promotion or prevention focus" by Francesca Gino, Maryam Kouchaki and Tiziana Casciaro (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2020[Dec], Vol 119[6], 1221-1238). This retraction is at the request of the Research Integrity Officer at Harvard Business School after the results of a review into data for Study 3a collected
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Extraversion, social interactions, and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: Did extraverts really suffer more than introverts? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Lara Kroencke,Sarah Humberg,Simon M Breil,Katharina Geukes,Giulia Zoppolat,Rhonda N Balzarini,María Alonso-Ferres,Richard B Slatcher,Mitja D Back
A large body of research suggests that extraversion is positively related to well-being. However, it is unclear whether this association can be explained by social participation (i.e., more extraverted individuals engage in social interactions more frequently) or social reactivity (i.e., more extraverted individuals profit more from social interactions) processes. Here, we examined the role of social
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Correction to Ford et al. (2023). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-09-01
Reports an error in "The political is personal: The costs of daily politics" by Brett Q. Ford, Matthew Feinberg, Bethany Lassetter, Sabrina Thai and Arasteh Gatchpazian (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2023[Jul], Vol 125[1], 1-28). In this article, the third author's affiliation should appear instead as Department of Psychology, New York University. The online version of this article
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Identifying and predicting stereotype change in large language corpora: 72 groups, 115 years (1900-2015), and four text sources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Tessa E S Charlesworth,Nishanth Sanjeev,Mark L Hatzenbuehler,Mahzarin R Banaji
The social world is carved into a complex variety of groups each associated with unique stereotypes that persist and shift over time. Innovations in natural language processing (word embeddings) enabled this comprehensive study on variability and correlates of change/stability in both manifest and latent stereotypes for 72 diverse groups tracked across 115 years of four English-language text corpora
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Pain sensitivity predicts support for moral and political views across the aisle. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Spike W S Lee,Cecilia Ma
We live in a time of exacerbating political polarization. Bridging the ideological divide is hard. Although some strategies have been found effective for interpersonal persuasion and interaction across the aisle, little is known about what intrapersonal attributes predict which individuals are more inclined to support their ideological opponent's views. The present work identifies a low-level attribute-sensitivity
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Microinclusions: Treating women as respected work partners increases a sense of fit in technology companies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Gregg A Muragishi,Lauren Aguilar,Priyanka B Carr,Gregory M Walton
When people enter new work settings, we theorized that they are vulnerable to questioning whether they will be received in ways that allow them to contribute to shared goals. If so, treatment that clarifies the stance that others take toward the self, which we call microinclusions, that convey a receptivity and supportiveness to one's contributions may bolster a sense of fit. Further, in examining
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Do temperament trajectories from late childhood through adolescence predict success in school? Findings from a longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-08-17 Rongxin Cheng,Katherine M Lawson,Richard W Robins
School achievement has long-term consequences for occupational success, mental health, and overall psychological adjustment. The present study examined the association between temperament trajectories from late childhood through adolescence and academic outcomes during late adolescence and young adulthood. Data come from the California Families Project, a longitudinal study of 674 Mexican-origin youth
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Morality beyond the WEIRD: How the nomological network of morality varies across cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-08-17 Mohammad Atari,Jonathan Haidt,Jesse Graham,Sena Koleva,Sean T Stevens,Morteza Dehghani
Moral foundations theory has been a generative framework in moral psychology in the last 2 decades. Here, we revisit the theory and develop a new measurement tool, the Moral Foundations Questionnaire-2 (MFQ-2), based on data from 25 populations. We demonstrate empirically that equality and proportionality are distinct moral foundations while retaining the other four existing foundations of care, loyalty
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Getting under the skin? Influences of work-family experiences on personality trait adaptation and reciprocal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-08-10 Wen-Dong Li,Jiexin Wang,Tammy Allen,Xin Zhang,Kaili Yu,Hong Zhang,Jason L Huang,Mengqiao Liu,Andrew Li
The literature on personality trait development has mainly focused on influences of life experiences in one single life domain (e.g., work or family) separate from one another and has primarily examined personality development in early life stages. Thus, less attention has been devoted to influences from interplays across different life domains and personality development in middle and late adulthood
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Dual-promotion: Bragging better by promoting peers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-08-10 Eric M VanEpps,Einav Hart,Maurice E Schweitzer
To create favorable impressions and receive credit, individuals need to share information about their past accomplishments. Broadcasting one's past accomplishments or claiming credit to demonstrate competence, however, can harm perceptions of warmth and likability. In fact, prior work has conceptualized self-promotion as a hydraulic challenge: tactics that boost perceptions along one dimension (e.g
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Narcissistic status pursuit in everyday social life: A within-person process approach to the behavioral and emotional dynamics of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-08-10 Lara Kroencke,Niclas Kuper,Simon Mota,Katharina Geukes,Virgil Zeigler-Hill,Mitja D Back
Status pursuit has been emphasized as a key motivational factor underlying narcissism, but research has just begun to unravel the processes by which more narcissistic individuals pursue status in their everyday social interactions. In this article, we combine process models of narcissistic status pursuit with three-factor models of narcissism to test whether different aspects of narcissism (i.e., agentic
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The role of trust in reducing confrontation-related social costs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-08-03 Laura K Hildebrand,Margo J Monteith,Ximena B Arriaga
Confronting, or calling out people for prejudiced remarks, reduces subsequent expressions of prejudice. However, people who confront others incur social costs: Confronters are disliked, derogated, and avoided relative to others who have not confronted. These social costs hurt the confronter and reduce the likelihood of future confrontation. The present studies (N = 1,019) integrate the close relationships
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The effects of a personality intervention on satisfaction in 10 domains of life: Evidence for increases and correlated change with personality traits. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-07-27 Gabriel Olaru,Manon A van Scheppingen,Mirjam Stieger,Tobias Kowatsch,Christoph Flückiger,Mathias Allemand
The desire to change one's personality traits has been shown to be stronger if people are dissatisfied with associated aspects of their life. While evidence for the effects of interventions on personality trait change is increasing, it is unclear whether these lead to subsequent improvements in the satisfaction with various domains of life. In this study, we examined the effects of a 3-month digital-coaching
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Codevelopment of life goals and the Big Five personality traits across adulthood and old age. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-07-27 Laura Buchinger,Theresa M Entringer,David Richter,Gert G Wagner,Denis Gerstorf,Wiebke Bleidorn
Since the new millennium, research in the field of personality development has focused on the stability and change of basic personality traits. Motivational aspects of personality and their longitudinal association with basic traits have received comparably little attention. In this preregistered study, we applied bivariate latent growth curve model to investigated the codevelopment of nine life goals
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In it together: Shared reality with instrumental others is linked to goal success. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-07-13 Abdo Elnakouri,Maya Rossignac-Milon,Kori L Krueger,Amanda L Forest,E Tory Higgins,Abigail A Scholer
[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology on Sep 07 2023 (see record 2024-05962-001). In the original article, the abstract was revised. Specifically, there were errors in the the second and third sentences of the fifth paragraph of the Shared Reality section, fifth sentence of the Present Research section, An updated Figure
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The psychology of negative-sum competition in strategic interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-07-13 Christopher K Hsee,Ying Zeng,Xilin Li,Alex Imas
Many real-life examples-from interpersonal rivalries to international conflicts-suggest that people actively engage in competitive behavior even when it is negative sum (benefiting the self at a greater cost to others). This often leads to loss spirals where everyone-including the winner-ends up losing. Our research seeks to understand the psychology of such negative-sum competition in a controlled
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Snapshots of daily life: Situations investigated through the lens of smartphone sensing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-07-06 Ramona Schoedel,Fiona Kunz,Maximilian Bergmann,Florian Bemmann,Markus Bühner,Larissa Sust
Daily life unfolds in a sequence of situational contexts, which are pivotal for explaining people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. While situational data were previously difficult to collect, the ubiquity of smartphones now opens up new opportunities for assessing situations in situ, that is, while they occur. Seizing this opportunity, the present study demonstrates how smartphones can help establish
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The ephemeral nature of wording effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-06-29 Fernando P Ponce,David Torres Irribarra,Alvaro Vergés,Victor B Arias
This article explores the analysis and interpretation of wording effects associated with using direct and reverse items in psychological assessment. Previous research using bifactor models has suggested a substantive nature of this effect. The present study uses mixture modeling to systematically examine an alternative hypothesis and surpass recognized limitations in the bifactor modeling approach
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Do changes in personality predict life outcomes? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-06-29 Amanda J Wright,Joshua J Jackson
The Big Five personality traits predict many important life outcomes. These traits, although relatively stable, are also open to change across time. However, whether these changes likewise predict a wide range of life outcomes has yet to be rigorously tested. This has implications for the types of processes linking trait levels and changes with future outcomes: distal, cumulative processes versus more
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Variability across time in implicit weight-related bias: Random noise or meaningful fluctuations? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-06-29 Amanda Ravary,Jennifer A Bartz,Mark W Baldwin
Social psychologists have struggled with the vexing problem of variability over time in implicit bias. While many treat such variability as unexplainable error, we posit that some temporal variability, whether within persons or across society at large, reflects meaningful and predictable fluctuation based on shifts in the social-cultural context. We first examined fluctuations at the group-level in
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The role of intraminority relations in perceptions of cultural appropriation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-06-29 Teri A Kirby,Seval Gündemir,Ashli B Carter,Eileen Schwanold,Eirini Ketzitzidou-Argyri
Adopting the customs of outgroup cultures (e.g., cultural appropriation) is controversial. Across six experiments, we examined perceptions of cultural appropriation from the perspective of Black Americans (N = 2,069), particularly focusing on the identity of the appropriator and its implications for theoretical understanding of appropriation. Participants expressed more negative emotion and considered
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Field-specific ability beliefs as an explanation for gender differences in academics' career trajectories: Evidence from public profiles on ORCID.Org. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-06-22 Aniko Hannak,Kenneth Joseph,Daniel B Larremore,Andrei Cimpian
Academic fields exhibit substantial levels of gender segregation. Here, we investigated differences in field-specific ability beliefs (FABs) as an explanation for this phenomenon. FABs may contribute to gender segregation to the extent that they portray success as depending on "brilliance" (i.e., exceptional intellectual ability), which is a trait culturally associated with men more than women. Although
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Transactional effects between personality and religiosity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-06-19 Madeline R Lenhausen,Ted Schwaba,Jochen E Gebauer,Theresa M Entringer,Wiebke Bleidorn
Do changes in religiosity beget changes in personality, or do changes in personality precede changes in religiosity? Existing evidence supports longitudinal associations between personality and religiosity at the between-person level, such that individual differences in personality predict subsequent individual differences in change in religiosity. However, no research to date has examined whether
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The socialization of perceived discrimination in ethnic minority groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-06-19 Chloe Bracegirdle,Nils Karl Reimer,Danny Osborne,Chris G Sibley,Ralf Wölfer,Nikhil Kumar Sengupta
Contact with members of one's own group (ingroup) and other groups (outgroups) shapes individuals' beliefs about the world, including perceptions of discrimination against one's ingroup. Research to date indicates that, among members of disadvantaged groups, contact with an advantaged outgroup is associated with less perceived discrimination, while contact with the disadvantaged ingroup is associated
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Personality traits and health care use: A coordinated analysis of 15 international samples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-06-19 Emily C Willroth,Jing Luo,Olivia E Atherton,Sara J Weston,Johanna Drewelies,Philip J Batterham,David M Condon,Denis Gerstorf,Martijn Huisman,Avron Spiro,Daniel K Mroczek,Eileen K Graham
Some people use health care services more than others. Identifying factors associated with health care use has the potential to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and equity of health care. In line with the Andersen behavioral model of health care utilization and initial empirical findings, personality traits may be key predisposing factors associated with health care use. Across 15 samples, the
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Pursuing safety in social connection regulates the risk-regulation, social-safety, and behavioral-immune systems. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 8.46) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Sandra L Murray,James K McNulty,Ji Xia,Veronica M Lamarche,Mark D Seery,Deborah E Ward,Dale W Griffin,Lindsey L Hicks,Han Young Jung
A new goal-systems model is proposed to help explain when individuals will protect themselves against the risks inherent to social connection. This model assumes that people satisfy the goal to feel included in safe social connections-connections where they are valued and protected rather than at risk of being harmed-by devaluing rejecting friends, trusting in expectancy-consistent relationships, and