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Precise radio astrometry and new developments for the next generation of instruments

  • Review Article
  • Published:
The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review Aims and scope

Abstract

We present a technique-led review of the progression of precise radio astrometry, from the first demonstrations, half a century ago, until to date and into the future. We cover the developments that have been fundamental to allow high accuracy and precision astrometry to be regularly achieved. We review the opportunities provided by the next generation of instruments coming online, which are primarily: SKA, ngVLA, and pathfinders, along with EHT and other (sub)mm-wavelength arrays, Space-VLBI, Geodetic arrays, and optical astrometry from GAIA. From the historical development, we predict the future potential astrometric performance, and, therefore, the instrumental requirements that must be provided to deliver these. The next generation of methods will allow ultra-precise astrometry to be performed at a much wider range of frequencies (hundreds of MHz to hundreds of GHz). One of the key potentials is that astrometry will become generally applicable, and, therefore, unbiased large surveys can be performed. The next-generation methods are fundamental in allowing this. We review the small but growing number of major astrometric surveys in the radio, to highlight the scientific impact that such projects can provide. Based on these perspectives, the future of radio astrometry is bright. We foresee a revolution coming from: ultra-high-precision radio astrometry, large surveys of many objects, improved sky coverage, and at new frequency bands other than those available today. These will enable the addressing of a host of innovative open scientific questions in astrophysics.

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Image reproduced with permission from Rioja et al. (2017), copyright by AAS

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Image reproduced with permission from Rioja et al. (2015), copyright by AAS

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Notes

  1. Compare Figs. 13.6 and 14.3 in Thompson et al. (2017) for the difference between the dependence of the troposphere and the ionosphere.

  2. https://www.almaobservatory.org.

  3. http://science.nrao.edu/facilities/vla/docs/manuals/obsguide/modes/vlbi, http://www.atnf.csiro.au/vlbi/dokuwiki/doku.php/lbaops/lbascheduling.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 730562 [RadioNet] and 730884 [VLBI with the SKA]. It was also supported by the ngVLA Community Studies program, coordinated by the ngVLA design and development project of the National Science Foundation and operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. ADS was used heavily to search for relevant publications and provide references. We have discussed the ideas and issues in this document with many experts and young enthusiastic up coming researchers, to whom we are grateful for their time. In particular, Ed Fomalont, Walter Alef, Mark Reid, Patrick Charlot, Mareki Honma, Simón Al-Tariqa, Richard W. Porcas, Luca Moscadelli, and Huib van Langevelde have been reference points for us, as for many other people. The comments from the anonymous referees were much appreciated. F. Kristen provided the raw data for Fig. 9b, to allow the re-fitting. We thank A. Deller, F. Kristen, J. Flygare, G. Keating, ASTRON, and CSIRO for the reproduction of their figures.

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  1. CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, 26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, WA, 6151, Australia

    María J. Rioja

  2. International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, Australia

    María J. Rioja & Richard Dodson

  3. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (IGN), Alfonso XII, 3 y 5, 28014, Madrid, Spain

    María J. Rioja

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Rioja, M.J., Dodson, R. Precise radio astrometry and new developments for the next generation of instruments. Astron Astrophys Rev 28, 6 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00159-020-00126-z

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