Skip to main content
Original Article

Explaining Perceived Interactivity Effects on Attitudinal Responses

A Field Experiment on the Impact of External and Internal Communication Features in Digital Magazines

Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000266

Abstract. In the context of digital magazines, this study investigates why higher levels of perceived interactivity improve consumers’ attitudinal responses, and which interactive features have the ability to elicit these stronger interactivity perceptions. To examine this, a field experiment was conducted in which participants (n = 197) used a digital magazine with either (a) external communication features (facilitating social interactions on external platforms, like Facebook), (b) internal communication features (facilitating social interactions within the digital magazine itself), or (c) no communication features. Results revealed that both feature types increased consumers’ interactivity perceptions, but that the effects of the internal communication features were the strongest. Subsequently, mediation analyses revealed that the higher levels of perceived interactivity elicited stronger feelings of flow and enjoyment through which the positive findings of perceived interactivity on consumers’ attitudinal responses can be explained.

References

  • Barzilai, S., & Blau, I. (2014). Scaffolding game-based learning: Impact on learning achievements, perceived learning, and game experiences. Computers & Education, 70, 65–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.08.003 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Bridges, E., & Florsheim, R. (2008). Hedonic and utilitarian shopping goals: The online experience. Journal of Business Research, 61(4), 309–314. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Bucy, E. P., & Tao, C. C. (2007). The mediated moderation model of interactivity. Media Psychology, 9(3), 647–672. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213260701283269 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Chen, H., Wigand, R. T., & Nilan, M. (2000). Exploring web users’ optimal flow experiences. Information Technology & People, 13(4), 263–281. https://doi.org/10.1108/09593840010359473 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Childers, T. L., Carr, C. L., Peck, J., & Carson, S. (2001). Hedonic and utilitarian motivations for online retail shopping behavior. Journal of Retailing, 77(4), 511–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(01)00056-2 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Consterdine, G. (2014). Proof of performance: Making the case for magazine media. Retrieved from http://fipp.s3.amazonaws.com/media/documents/ef2c2981-3654-4878-8888-58c6ddd86e79.pdf First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Crites, S. L., Fabrigar, L. R., & Petty, R. E. (1994). Measuring the affective and cognitive properties of attitudes: Conceptual and methodological issues. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(6), 619–634. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167294206001 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Play and intrinsic rewards. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 15(3), 41–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/002216787501500306 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Cyr, D., Head, M., & Ivanov, A. (2009). Perceived interactivity leading to e-loyalty: Development of a model for cognitive–affective user responses. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 67(10), 850–869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2009.07.004 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Chung, D. S. (2008). Interactive features of online newspapers: Identifying patterns and predicting use of engaged readers. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(3), 658–679. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2008.00414.x First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(14), 1111–1132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00945.x First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Hayes, A. F. (2017). PROCESS: Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. A regression-based approach (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Hoffman, D. L., & Novak, T. P. (1996). Marketing in hypermedia computer-mediated environments: Conceptual foundations. The Journal of Marketing, 60(3), 50–68. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251841 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Hoffman, D. L., & Novak, T. P. (2009). Flow online: Lessons learned and future prospects. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 23(1), 23–34. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Huang, M. H. (2006). Flow, enduring, and situational involvement in the Web environment: A tripartite second‐order examination. Psychology & Marketing, 23(5), 383–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20118 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Hull, K., & Lewis, N. P. (2014). Why Twitter displaces broadcast sports media: A model. International Journal of Sport Communication, 7(1), 16–33. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSC.2013-0093 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Keer, M., Van Den Putte, B., & Neijens, P. C. (2010). The role of affect and cognition in health decision making. British Journal of Social Psychology, 49(1), 143–153. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466609X425337 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Kimiecik, J. C., & Harris, A. T. (1996). What is enjoyment? A conceptual/definitional analysis with implications for sport and exercise psychology. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18(3), 247–263. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.18.3.247 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Lee, C. J., Hornik, R., & Hennessy, M. (2008). The reliability and stability of general media exposure measures. Communication Methods and Measures, 2(1–2), 6–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312450802063024 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Lee, S. J., Lee, W. N., Kim, H., & Stout, P. A. (2004). A comparison of objective characteristics and user perception of web sites. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 4(2), 61–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2004.10722088 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Liu, Y. (2003). Developing a scale to measure the interactivity of websites. Journal of Advertising Research, 43(2), 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021849903030204 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Liu, Y., & Shrum, L. J. (2002). What is interactivity and is it always such a good thing? Implications of definition, person, and situation for the influence of interactivity on advertising effectiveness. Journal of Advertising, 31(4), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2002.10673685 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Liu, Y., & Shrum, L. J. (2009). A dual-process model of interactivity effects. Journal of Advertising, 38(2), 53–68. https://doi.org/10.2753/JOA0091-3367380204 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Marathe, S. S., Sundar, S. S., Bijvank, M. N., van Vugt, H., & Veldhuis, J. (2007, May). Who are these power users anyway? Building a psychological profile. Paper presented at the 57th annual conference of the International Communication Association, San Francisco, CA. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • McMillan, S. J. (2002). A four-part model of cyber-interactivity: Some cyber-places are more interactive than others. New Media & Society, 4(2), 271–291. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • McMillan, S. J., & Hwang, J. S. (2002). Measures of perceived interactivity: An exploration of the role of direction of communication, user control, and time in shaping perceptions of interactivity. Journal of Advertising, 31(3), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2002.10673674 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Novak, T. P., Hoffman, D. L., & Duhachek, A. (2003). The influence of goal-directed and experiential activities on online flow experiences. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 13(1–2), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327663JCP13-1&2_01 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Rauwers, F., Voorveld, H. A. M., & Neijens, P. C. (2016). The effects of the integration of external and internal communication features in digital magazines on consumers’ magazine attitude. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 454–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.042 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Rauwers, F., Voorveld, H. A. M., & Neijens, P. C. (2018). Investigating the persuasive impact and underlying processes of interactive magazine ads in a real-life setting. International Journal of Advertising, 37(5), 806–827. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2018.1470918 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Segijn, C. M., Voorveld, H. A., & Smit, E. G. (2016). The underlying mechanisms of multiscreening effects. Journal of Advertising, 45(4), 391–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2016.1172386 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Sohn, D., Ci, C., & Lee, B. K. (2007). The moderating effects of expectation on the patterns of the interactivity-attitude relationship. Journal of Advertising, 36(3), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.2753/JOA0091-3367360308 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Song, I., & Bucy, E. P. (2008). Interactivity and political attitude formation: A mediation model of online information processing. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 4(2), 29–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/19331680802076082 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Song, J. H., & Zinkhan, G. M. (2008). Determinants of perceived web site interactivity. Journal of Marketing, 72(2), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.72.2.99 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Stromer-Galley, J. (2000). On-line interaction and why candidates avoid it. Journal of Communication, 50(4), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02865.x First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Sundar, S. S., & Kim, J. (2005). Interactivity and persuasion: Influencing attitudes with information and involvement. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 5(2), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2005.10722097 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Tan, B. J., Brown, M., & Pope, N. (2017). The role of respect in the effects of perceived ad interactivity and intrusiveness on brand and site. Journal of Marketing Communications, 25(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2016.1270344 First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Tauer, J. M., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (1999). Winning isn’t everything: Competition, achievement orientation, and intrinsic motivation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35(3), 209–238. https://doi.org/10.1006/jesp.1999.1383 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Tremayne, M. (2005). Lessons learned from experiments with interactivity on the web. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 5(2), 40–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2005.10722100 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Trevino, L. K., & Webster, J. (1992). Flow in computer-mediated communication: Electronic mail and voice mail evaluation and impacts. Communication Research, 19(5), 539–573. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Voorveld, H. A. M., Neijens, P. C., & Smit, E. G. (2011). The relation between actual and perceived interactivity. Journal of Advertising, 40(2), 77–92. https://doi.org/10.2753/JOA0091-3367400206 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Van Noort, G., Voorveld, H. A. M., & Van Reijmersdal, E. A. (2012). Interactivity in brand web sites: Cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses explained by consumers’ online flow experience. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26(4), 223–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2011.11.002 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Vermeir, I., Kazakova, S., Tessitore, T., Cauberghe, V., & Slabbinck, H. (2014). Impact of flow on recognition of and attitudes towards in-game brand placements: Brand congruence and placement prominence as moderators. International Journal of Advertising, 33(4), 785–810. https://doi.org/10.2501/IJA-33-4-785-810 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Webster, J., Trevino, L. K., & Ryan, L. (1993). The dimensionality and correlates of flow in human-computer interactions. Computers in Human Behavior, 9(4), 411–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/0747-5632(93)90032-N First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Wu, G. (2005). The mediating role of perceived interactivity in the effect of actual interactivity on attitude toward the website. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 5(2), 29–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2005.10722099 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Yang, F., & Shen, F. (2017). Effects of web interactivity: A meta-analysis. Communication Research, 45(5), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650217700748 First citation in articleGoogle Scholar