Abstract
How do unions that represent similar constituencies and fight for comparable goals come to embrace radically different relationships to the state and party politics? Drawing on Collier and Collier’s (1991) concept of the dual dilemma, that is, whether to collaborate with the state and risk co-optation or reject such collaborations and risk being sidelined, I analyze teachers’ unions political strategy in São Paulo (APEOESP) and Oaxaca (Local 22). In São Paulo, strategy centers on taking state power by building political parties that fight for working-class interests. In Oaxaca, the rise of the democratic teachers’ movement was a rejection of state power and an attempt to build autonomy from political parties. I argue that teachers chose these contrasting strategies during the late-1970s and early 1980s, due to their experiences of the legacies of labor incorporation under authoritarian regimes. The internal political practices established during this transitional period, when reform movements took control of the unions in both countries, continue to shape teachers’ strategies to the present. These findings suggest that union strategies regarding how to interact with the state are deeply shaped by previous state-labor relations and that unionists’ responses to the dilemma about whether to take or reject state power will directly shape their interpretations of ongoing political challenges.
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Notes
Pelego is the cloth put on a horse to soften the contact between the rider and saddle.
All interviews quoted in this article are from fieldwork between 2016 and 2018.
Apoesp em Noticias, “Professores em Greve,” August 1978.
Charro refers to a traditional cowboy and became the name for state-controlled unionism in 1948, when the state intervened in the railroad workers’ union and gave power to a leader known for cowboy regalia.
There are a range of explanations for this action, from the possibility that Ruiz was supporting a rival union to the claim that Local 22 had radicalized because the leadership needed to prove their combative stance (Ruiz, 2009).
Cué ran as part of the United for Peace and Progress coalition, which included the National Action Party (PAN), the PRD, Convergence, and Party of the Left (PT). Cué was a member of the Convergence party, which became the Citizen Movement in 2011.
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Tarlau, R. Take or Reject State Power? The Dual Dilemma for Teachers’ Unions in Brazil and Mexico. St Comp Int Dev 57, 361–384 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-022-09364-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-022-09364-x