Abstract
Over the last few years, the number of corpora that can be used for language comparison has dramatically increased. The corpora are so diverse in their structure, size and annotation style, that a novice might not know where to start. The present paper charts this new and changing territory, providing a few landmarks, warning signs and safe paths. Although no corpus at present can replace the traditional type of typological data based on language description in reference grammars, corpora can help with diverse tasks, being particularly well suited for investigating probabilistic and gradient properties of languages and for discovering and interpreting cross-linguistic generalizations based on processing and communicative mechanisms. At the same time, the use of corpora for typological purposes has not only advantages and opportunities, but also numerous challenges. This paper also contains an empirical case study addressing two pertinent problems: the role of text types in language comparison and the problem of the word as a comparative concept.
Funding source: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Award Identifier / Grant number: 024.001.006
Index | Meaning | Illustrations |
---|---|---|
index of synthesis | the ratio of the number of morphemes to the number of words | sing-s has 2 morphemes |
index of agglutination | the ratio of agglutinative constructions to the number of morpheme junctures | kind-ness is an agglutinative juncture; dep-th is a non-agglutinative juncture |
compounding index | the ratio of the number of root morphemes to the number of words | black-bird has two root morphemes |
derivational index | the ratio of derivational morphemes to words | lion-ess has one derivational morpheme (-ess) |
gross inflectional index | the ratio of inflectional morphemes to words | sing-s has one inflectional morpheme (-s) |
prefixial index | the ratio of prefixes to the number of words | re-make has one prefix |
suffixial index | the ratio of suffixes to the number of words | sing-s has one suffix |
isolational index | the ratio of grammatical dependencies without inflectional morphemes to the number of grammatical dependencies | nice person has no features expressed by inflectional morphemes |
pure inflectional index | the ratio of grammatical relationships (features) expressed by “pure” inflections (i.e. not concord) to the number of grammatical dependencies | he walk-ed has one feature (past tense) formally expressed by a morpheme |
concordial index | the ratio of formally expressed concord features to the number of grammatical dependencies | he sing-s has two concord features (3rd person, singular) formally expressed by a morpheme |
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