Skip to content
Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter Mouton September 26, 2022

Organizational humor as making our work more meaningful: mediation by crafting job resources

  • Neslihan Turnalar-Çetinkaya

    Neslihan Turnalar-Çetinkaya is lecturing in the Department of Psychology at MEF University. Her main areas of research are positive organizational scholarship and positive entrepreneurship. She also provides consultancy services to organizations at different scales.

    ORCID logo EMAIL logo
    , İrem N. Keskin

    İrem N. Keskin is a fresh master student of Master of Psychology: Theory and Research at KU Leuven. She graduated from MEF University with a double major degree in psychology and law in 2021. She is currently working as a research intern at Ghent University.

    , Gamze Bora

    Gamze Bora is a content intern at Meditopia. She supports the Content team by editing content before it goes live in the app and doing research about the field of meditation and mindfulness. She graduated from MEF University in 2020.

    , Reyhan İkan

    Reyhan İkan is a UX Researcher at Kariyer.net. She researches different user personas’ behaviors, attitudes, emotions, and as a whole, their experiences while using interfaces. She graduated from MEF University in 2020.

    and Şeyma Gümrükçü

    Şeyma Gümrükçü is a content intern at Meditopia. She supports the Content team by editing content before it goes live in the app and doing research about the field of meditation and mindfulness. She graduated from MEF University in 2020.

From the journal HUMOR

Abstract

In the present study, we examined the impact of humor’s positive functions on the perception of a job’s meaningfulness. We argued that liberating and stress-relieving humor act as job resources enhancing job crafting to increase social and structural resources to experience meaningfulness. We hypothesized that crafting the job to increase structural and social resources would mediate the link between organizational humor functions (i.e., liberating and stress-relieving) and meaningfulness. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 200 Turkish employees from different occupations. Our results revealed that increasing structural resources mediated the relationship between liberating humor and meaningfulness, while this mediation was partially for stress-relieving humor. The mediating role of increasing social resources was partial and conditional for both types of organizational humor functions. The practical and theoretical implications have been discussed from a positive organizational scholarship perspective.


Corresponding author: Neslihan Turnalar-Çetinkaya, MEF University, Istanbul, Turkey, E-mail:

About the authors

Neslihan Turnalar-Çetinkaya

Neslihan Turnalar-Çetinkaya is lecturing in the Department of Psychology at MEF University. Her main areas of research are positive organizational scholarship and positive entrepreneurship. She also provides consultancy services to organizations at different scales.

İrem N. Keskin

İrem N. Keskin is a fresh master student of Master of Psychology: Theory and Research at KU Leuven. She graduated from MEF University with a double major degree in psychology and law in 2021. She is currently working as a research intern at Ghent University.

Gamze Bora

Gamze Bora is a content intern at Meditopia. She supports the Content team by editing content before it goes live in the app and doing research about the field of meditation and mindfulness. She graduated from MEF University in 2020.

Reyhan İkan

Reyhan İkan is a UX Researcher at Kariyer.net. She researches different user personas’ behaviors, attitudes, emotions, and as a whole, their experiences while using interfaces. She graduated from MEF University in 2020.

Şeyma Gümrükçü

Şeyma Gümrükçü is a content intern at Meditopia. She supports the Content team by editing content before it goes live in the app and doing research about the field of meditation and mindfulness. She graduated from MEF University in 2020.

References

Abel, Millicent H. 2002. Humor, stress, and coping strategies. HUMOR International Journal of Humor Research 15(4). 365–381. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.15.4.365.Search in Google Scholar

Akın, Ahmet, Mehmet Ali Hamedoglu, Çınar Kaya & Hakan Sarıçam. 2013. Turkish version of the Work and Meaning Inventory (WAMI): Validity and reliability study. Journal of European Education 3(2). 11–16.Search in Google Scholar

Akın, Ahmet, Hakan Sarıçam, Çınar Kaya & Taner Demir. 2014. Turkish version of Job Crafting Scale (JCS): The validity and reliability study. International Journal of Educational Research 5(1). 10–15.Search in Google Scholar

Arnold, Kara A., Nick Turner, Barling Julian, E. Kevin Kelloway & Margaret C. McKee. 2007. Transformational leadership and psychological well-being: The mediating role of meaningful work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 12(3). 193–203. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.12.3.193.Search in Google Scholar

Asik-Dizdar, Ozen & Ayla Esen. 2016. Sensemaking at work: Meaningful work experience for individuals and organizations. International Journal of Organizational Analysis 24(1). 2–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-12-2013-0728.Search in Google Scholar

Bakker, Arnold B. & Evangelia Demerouti. 2007. The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology 22. 309–328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115.Search in Google Scholar

Bakker, Arnold B., Yuri S. Scharp, Kimberley Breevaart & Juriena D. de Vries. 2020. Playful work design: Introduction of a new concept. Spanish Journal of Psychology 23. e19. https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2020.20.Search in Google Scholar

Bakker, Arnold B. & Marianne van Woerkom. 2018. Strengths use in organizations: A positive approach of occupational health. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne 59(1). 38. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000120.Search in Google Scholar

Barsoux, Jean-Louis. 1996. Why organisations need humor. European Management Journal 14(5). 500–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/0263-2373(96)00044-8.Search in Google Scholar

Berg, Justin M., Jane E. Dutton & Wrzesniewski Amy. 2008. What is job crafting and why does it matter. https://positiveorgs.bus.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/What-is-Job-Crafting-and-Why-Does-it-Matter1.pdf (accessed 15 June 2020).Search in Google Scholar

Both-Nwabuwe, Jitske M. C., Maria T. M. Dijkstra & Bianca Beersma. 2017. Sweeping the floor or putting a man on the moon: How to define and measure meaningful work. Frontiers in Psychology 8. 1658. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01658.Search in Google Scholar

Chalofsky, Neal. 2003. An emerging construct for meaningful work. Human Resource Development International 6(1). 69–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/1367886022000016785.Search in Google Scholar

Chen, Ching-Hui, Hsueh-Chih Chen & Anne M. Roberts. 2019. Why humor enhances creativity from theoretical explanations to an empirical humor training program: Effective “ha-ha” helps people to “a-ha”. In Sarah R. Luria, John Baer & James C. Kaufman (eds.), Creativity and humor, 83–108. London: Elsevier Academic Press.10.1016/B978-0-12-813802-1.00004-1Search in Google Scholar

Cooper, Cecily D. 2005. Just joking around? Employee humor expression as an ingratiatory behavior. Academy of Management Review 30(4). 765–776. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2005.18378877.Search in Google Scholar

Cooper, Cecily D. & John J. Sosik. 2012. The laughter advantage: Cultivating high-quality connections and workplace outcomes through humor. In Gretchen M. Spreitzer & Kim S. Cameron (eds.), The Oxford handbook of positive organizational scholarship, 474–489. New York: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Country comparison. 2021. Hofstede insights. https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/china,turkey/ (accessed 19 April 2022).Search in Google Scholar

Davis, Jessica M. 2013. Humour and its cultural context: Introduction and overview. In Jessica M. Davis & Jocelyn Chey (eds.), Humour in Chinese life and culture: Resistance and control in modern times, 1–22. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.10.5790/hongkong/9789888139231.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Decker, Wayne H., Hong Yao & Thomas J. Calo. 2011. Humor, gender, and perceived leader effectiveness in China. SAM Advanced Management Journal 76(1). 43.Search in Google Scholar

Demerouti, Evangelia. 2014. Design your own job through job crafting. European Psychologist 19(4). 237–247. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000188.Search in Google Scholar

Demerouti, Evangelia, Arnold B. Bakker, Friedhelm Nachreiner & Wilmar B. Schaufeli. 2001. The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology 86(3). 499–512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499.Search in Google Scholar

Duncan, W. Jack. 1982. Humor in management: Prospects for administrative practice and research. The Academy of Management Review Organizational Dynamics 7(1). 136–142. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1982.4285511.Search in Google Scholar

Duncan, W. Jack & J. Philip Feisal. 1989. No laughing matter: Patterns of humor in the workplace. Organizational Dynamics 17(4). 18–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-2616(89)80024-5.Search in Google Scholar

Edmondson, Amy. 1999. Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly 44(2). 350–383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999.Search in Google Scholar

Fredrickson, Barbara L. 2001. The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist 56(3). 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.56.3.218.Search in Google Scholar

Fredrickson, Barbara L. 2004. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences 359. 1367–1378. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1512.Search in Google Scholar

Galloway, Graeme & Arthur Cropley. 1999. Benefits of humor for mental health: Empirical findings and directions for further research. HUMOR - International Journal of Humor Research 12(3). 301–314.10.1515/humr.1999.12.3.301Search in Google Scholar

Geldenhuys, Madelyn, Karolina Laba & Cornelia M. Venter. 2014. Meaningful work, work engagement and organisational commitment. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology 40(1). 01–10. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v40i1.1098.Search in Google Scholar

Gibson, Janet Marie. 2019. An introduction to the psychology of humor. Abington: Routledge.10.4324/9780429000959Search in Google Scholar

Gkorezis, Panagiotis, Leonidas Hatzithomas & Eugenia Petridou. 2011. The impact of leader’s humor on employees’ psychological empowerment: The moderating role of tenure. Journal of Managerial Issues 23(1). 83–95.Search in Google Scholar

Hayes, Andrew F. 2018. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. A regression-based approach, 2nd edn. New York: The Guilford Press.Search in Google Scholar

Henman, Linda D. 2001. Humor as a coping mechanism: Lessons from POWs. HUMOR International Journal of Humor Research 14(1). 55–82. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.14.1.83.Search in Google Scholar

Hobfoll, Stevan E. 1989. Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist 44(3). 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513.Search in Google Scholar

Hobfoll, Stevan E., Jonathon Halbesleben, Jean-Pierre Neveu & Mina Westman. 2018. Conservation of resources in the organizational context: The reality of resources and their consequences. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 5. 103–128. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640.Search in Google Scholar

Holmes, Janet & Meredith Marra. 2002. Having a laugh at work: How humour contributes to workplace culture. Journal of Pragmatics 34. 1683–1710. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00032-2.Search in Google Scholar

Kahn, William A. 1989. Toward a sense of organizational humor: Implications for organizational diagnosis and change. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 25(1). 45–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886389251004.Search in Google Scholar

Kahn, William A. 1990. Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal 33. 692–724. https://doi.org/10.5465/256287.Search in Google Scholar

Karl, Katherina A. & Joy V. Peluchette. 2006. How does workplace fun impact employee perceptions of customer service quality? Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 13(2). 2–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/10717919070130020201.Search in Google Scholar

Karl, Katherina A., Joy V. Peluchette & Harland. Lynn. 2007. Is fun for everyone? Personality differences in healthcare providers’ attitudes toward fun. Journal of Health and Human Services Administration 29(4). 409–447.Search in Google Scholar

Kuiper, Nicholas A. & Nicola Mchale. 2009. Humor styles as mediators between self-evaluative standards and psychological well-being. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied 143(4). 359–376. https://doi.org/10.3200/JRLP.143.4.359-376.Search in Google Scholar

Kuiper, Nicolas A., Rod A. Martin & Joan Olinger. 1993. Coping humour, stress, and cognitive appraisals. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 25(1). 81–96. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0078791.Search in Google Scholar

Kuipers, Giselinde. 2008. The sociology of humor. In Victor Raskin (ed.), The primer of humor research, 361–398. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110198492.361Search in Google Scholar

Lamm, Eric & Michael D. Meeks. 2009. Workplace fun: The moderating effects of generational differences. Employee Relations 31(6). 613–631. https://doi.org/10.1108/01425450910991767.Search in Google Scholar

Lang, Josephine Chinying & Chay Hoon Lee. 2010. Workplace humor and organizational creativity. International Journal of Human Resource Management 21(1). 46–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190903466855.Search in Google Scholar

Liu, Yaozhong & Leqin Wang. 2016. A review of organization humor: Concept, measurement and empirical research. Psychology 7(10). 1307–1314. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2016.710132.Search in Google Scholar

Lynch, Owen H. 2002. Humorous communication: Finding a place for humor in communication research. Communication Theory 12(4). 423–445. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2002.tb00277.x.Search in Google Scholar

Malone, Paul. BIII. 1980. Humor: A double-edged tool for today’s managers? Academy of Management Review 5(3). 357–360. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1980.4288842.Search in Google Scholar

Martin, Rod A. 2006. The psychology of humor. London: Elsevier Academic Press.Search in Google Scholar

Martin, Rod A., Nicholas A. Kuiper, L. Joan Olinger & Kathryn A. Dance. 1993. Humor, coping with stress, self-concept, and psychological well-being. HUMOR International Journal of Humor Research 5(1). 89–104. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.1993.6.1.89.Search in Google Scholar

Martin, Rod A., Patricia Puhlik-Doris, Gwen Larsen, Jeanette Gray & Kelly Weir. 2003. Individual differences of uses of humor and their relation to psychological well-being: Development of the humor styles questionnaire. Journal of Research in Personality 37(1). 48–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00534-2.Search in Google Scholar

McDowell, Tiffany. 2004. Fun at work: Scale development, confirmatory factor analysis, and links to organizational outcomes. San Diego: Alliant International University Doctoral dissertation.Search in Google Scholar

Mesmer-Magnus, Jessica, David J. Glew & Chockalingam Viswesvaran. 2012. A meta-analysis of positive humor in the workplace. Journal of Managerial Psychology 27(2). 155–190. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683941211199554.Search in Google Scholar

Meyer, John C. 2015. Understanding humor through communication why be funny, anyway? Lanham: Lexington Books.Search in Google Scholar

Morreall, John. 1983. Taking laughter seriously. Albany: State University of New York Press.Search in Google Scholar

Olivier, Al & Sebasitaan Rothmann. 2007. Antecedents of work engagement in a multinational oil company. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology 33(3). 49–56. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v33i3.396.Search in Google Scholar

Özarallı, Nurdan & Neslihan Turnalar-Çetinkaya. 2019. Liberating and stress-relieving humor, perceived work group creativity and group satisfaction. In Paper presented at the conference of 3rd Eurasian Congress on Positive Psychology, Istanbul, 12–14 April 2019.Search in Google Scholar

Richman, Joseph. 1995. The lifesaving function of humor with the depressed and suicidal elderly. The Gerontologist 35(2). 271–275. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/35.2.271.Search in Google Scholar

Robert, Christopher. 2017. Humor at work. In Christopher Robert (ed.), The psychology of humor at work, 1–10. Oxon: Routledge.10.4324/9781315671659Search in Google Scholar

Rogala, Anna & Roman Cieslak. 2019. Positive emotions at work and job crafting: Results from two prospective studies. Frontiers in Psychology 10. 2786. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02786.Search in Google Scholar

Romero, Eric J. & Kevin W. Cruthirds. 2006. The use of humor in the workplace. Academy of Management Perspectives 20(2). 58–69. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2006.20591005.Search in Google Scholar

Rothmann, Sebastiaan & Chenelle Buys. 2011. Job demands and resources, psychological conditions, religious coping and work engagement of reformed church ministers. Journal of Psychology in Africa 21(2). 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2011.10820446.Search in Google Scholar

Sathyanarayana, K. 2007. The power of humor at the workplace. New Delhi: Response Books.Search in Google Scholar

Scheel, Tabea. 2017. Definitions, theories, and measurement of humor. In Tabea Scheel & Christine Gockel (eds.), Humor at work in teams, leadership, negotiations, learning and health, 12–29. Cham: Springer.10.1007/978-3-319-65691-5_2Search in Google Scholar

Shirley, Jacqueline Dena. 2013. Effects of humor on teacher stress, affect, and job satisfaction. Minneapolis: Walden University Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation.Search in Google Scholar

Smith, Ronald E., James C. Ascough, Ronald F. Ettinger & Don A. Nelson. 1971. Humor, anxiety, and task performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 19(2). 243–246. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0031305.Search in Google Scholar

Smith, Wanda. J., Vernard K. Harrington & Christopher P. Neck. 2000. Resolving conflict with humor in a diversity context. Journal of Managerial Psychology 15(6). 606–625. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940010346743.Search in Google Scholar

Steger, Michael F., Bryan J. Dik & Ryan D. Duffy. 2012. Measuring meaningful work: The work and meaning inventory (WAMI). Journal of Career Assessment 20(3). 322–337. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072711436160.Search in Google Scholar

Stieger, Stefan, Anton K. Formann & Christoph Burger. 2011. Humor styles and their relationship to explicit and implicit self-esteem. Personality and Individual Differences 50(5). 747–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.11.025.Search in Google Scholar

Suls, Jerry M. 1983. Cognitive processes in humor appreciation. In Paul E. McGhee & Jeffrey H. Goldstein (eds.), Handbook of humor research Vol. I basic issues, 39–57. New York: Springer.10.1007/978-1-4612-5572-7_3Search in Google Scholar

Schwarz, Norbert. 2007. Attitude construction: Evaluation in context. Social Cognition 25(5). 638–656. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2007.25.5.638.Search in Google Scholar

Tan, Ling, Yongli Wang, Wenjing Qian & Hailing Lu. 2020. Leader humor and employee job crafting: The role of employee-perceived organizational support and work engagement. Frontiers in Psychology 11. 2592. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.499849.Search in Google Scholar

Tims, Maira, Arnold B. Bakker & Daantje Derks. 2012. Development and validation of the job crafting scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior 80(1). 173–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.05.009.Search in Google Scholar

Tims, Maira, Arnold B. Bakker & Daantje Derks. 2013. The impact of job crafting on job demands, job resources, and well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 18(2). 230–240. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032141.Search in Google Scholar

Tims, Maira, Daantje Derks & Arnold B. Bakker. 2016. Job crafting and its relationships with person–job fit and meaningfulness: A three-wave study. Journal of Vocational Behavior 92. 44–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.11.007.Search in Google Scholar

Tracy, Sarah J., Karen K. Myers & Clifton W. Scott. 2006. Cracking jokes and crafting selves: Sensemaking and identity management among human service workers. Communication Monographs 73(3). 283–308. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637750600889500.Search in Google Scholar

Turgut, Tülay, Zeynep Oktuğ & Zeynep M. Ünal. 2019. Mizahın gücü: Mizahın iş talepleri karşısında olumsuz duyuşsal iyi oluş algısını azaltıcı etkisi [The power of humor: The effect of humor in reducing negative affective well-being in the face of job demands]. Psikoloji Çalışmaları 39(2). 267–291. https://doi.org/10.26650/sp2019-0004.Search in Google Scholar

Van den Broeck, Anja, Tinne Vander Elst, Josje Dikkers, Annet De Lange & Hans De Witte. 2012. This is funny: On the beneficial role of self-enhancing and affiliative humour in job design. Psicothema 24(1). 87–93.Search in Google Scholar

Vuori, Timo, Elina San & Mari Kira. 2012. Meaningfulness-making at work. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal 7(2). 231–248. https://doi.org/10.1108/17465641211253110.Search in Google Scholar

Wrzesniewski, Amy & Jane E. Dutton. 2001. Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Academy of Management Review 26(2). 179–201. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2001.4378011.Search in Google Scholar

Wyer, Robert S.Jr. & James E. CollinsII. 1992. A theory of humor elicitation. Psychological Review 99(4). 663–688. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.99.4.663.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2021-03-19
Accepted: 2022-08-29
Published Online: 2022-09-26
Published in Print: 2022-10-26

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 7.5.2024 from https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/humor-2022-0033/html
Scroll to top button