Abstract
Aerosol affect the climate in number of ways. In order to investigate these effects, we need a deep insight into aerosols optical, physical and radiative properties. So, to understand aerosols climatology, we investigate the properties of aerosols such as aerosol optical depth (AOD) (500 nm), Angstrom exponent (AE) (440–870 nm), single scattering albedo (SSA), refractive index (RI) and aerosols radiative forcing (ARF). For this purpose, we select four different AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sites located in four different continents; Kanpur, (India) Asia, Sao-Paulo, (Brazil) Southern America, IIorin, (Nigeria) Africa and Canberra, Australia. High AOD and AE is found (AOD = 0.90, AE = 1.31) in November at Kanpur and in September (AOD = 0.39, AE = 1.48) at Sao-Paulo. High AOD (1.06 and 1.12) over IIorin in January and February is found because of fog and haze. SSA shows decreasing trend with increasing wavelengths having minimum value (0.88 and 0.78 at 1020 nm) during the months of DJF and SON over Sao-Paulo and Canberra respectively. The highest value of SSA (~ 0.96) is found during the months of MAM over IIorin because of presence of coarse aerosols. The low value of SSA over Kanpur during DJF months shows dominance of fine urban/ biomass burning aerosols. Based on the values of AOD, AE and SSA, Canberra is the most pristine site. The estimated ARF values indicate that Kanpur and Ilorin sites exhibit higher TOA and BOA values as compared to Sao-Paulo. ARF at ATM is observed to be 7.4 Wm−2 higher during JJA months and 10.1 Wm−2 during SON months than MAM months over Kanpur. We have also observed lowest ARF efficiency (FeffBOA) of − 181 Wm−2 AOD−1550 nm during MAM months for Sao-Paulo while the highest value of − 297 Wm−2 AOD−1550 nm is observed during DJF months for Kanpur.
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Data availability
Data used in this study can be downloaded from NASA Giovanni online data system (https://giovanni.gsfc.nasa.gov/giovanni) and NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (https://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/active_fire/). AIRS meteorological datasets and aerosols direct sun and inversion products can be downloaded from AERONET website (https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/).
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Acknowledgements
We acknowledge the NASA Giovanni online data system (https://giovanni.gsfc.nasa.gov/giovanni) and NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (https://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/active_fire/) for providing MODIS level 2 AOD and active fires data, AIRS meteorological datasets and NASA AERONET organization for aerosols direct sun and inversion products (https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/). We are grateful to NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for providing HYSPLIT backward trajectory analysis online platform (http://www.arl.noaa.). We are thankful to dry land systems (http://drylandsystems.cgiar.org) and Australian bureau of statistics (https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population) for providing global and Canberra population numbers respectively. We are also thankful to Australian climate data organization for providing monthly climate averages of Canberra (https://en.climate-data.org/oceania/australia/australian-capital-territory/canberra).
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Salman Tariq conceptualized and supervised the work. Hasan Nawaz and Usman Mehmood conducted analysis and wrote the manuscript. Zia ul-Haq and Zaeem Bin Babar wrote the manuscript.
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Tariq, S., ul-Haq, Z., Nawaz, H. et al. Remote sensing of aerosols due to biomass burning over Kanpur, Sao-Paulo, Ilorin and Canberra. J Atmos Chem 80, 1–52 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-022-09444-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-022-09444-1