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Why and for whom cyber incivility affects task performance? Exploring the intrapersonal processes and a personal boundary condition

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Abstract

Although cyber incivility (i.e., an interpersonal workplace stressor displayed through uncivil behaviors manifested in online working communication) occurs every day in the workplace, we know little about how it influences employees’ task performance at daily level, nor why and when this influence occurs. To address these limitations, we theorized and tested a model that links cyber incivility to task performance via negative affect and sleep quality at daily level and a cross-level boundary condition at the person level (i.e., self-leadership). Multilevel modeling results based on data collected from 112 full-time employees with 866 observations suggest that daily cyber incivility has a time-lagged effect on task performance of the following day after controlling for task performance the same day. This intrapersonal effect can be explained by the induced negative affect of the following workday but not sleep quality of the previous night. In addition, the relationship between cyber incivility and negative affect and the indirect effect of cyber incivility on task performance via negative affect were weaker among employees with high rather than low self-leadership.

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Data Availability

Data is available upon request from the corresponding author.

Notes

  1. There is no significant difference in demographic information between the group of students included in and those excluded from our sample. Specifically, F (1, 191) = .001 for gender, F (1, 191) = .147 for ethnicity, F (1, 189) = .237 for age, and all p > .10.

  2. Although self-reported task performance may be susceptible to social desirability biases, most ESM studies (e.g., Foulk et al., 2019) relied on self-reports when assessing task performance. In addition, given our focus on the intrapersonal effect of cyber incivility, self-reported task performance might be more appropriate because supervisors and co-workers may not know accurately how employees perform on a daily basis.

  3. The Cronbach’ α of the short scale for self-leadership was .62, which is unsurprising given the structure of this construct. Specifically, self-leadership comprises multiple dimensions (i.e., behavior-focused, natural reward, and constructive thought pattern strategies; Neck & Houghton, 2006) that capture a specific aspect of self-leadership. Conceptually, self-leadership is a formative (rather than reflective) construct that does not require the traditional notion of internal reliability (Edwards, 2003; Mackenzie et al., 2011).

  4. Email is not the only online communication channel for work in China. Employees also rely on four other workplace communication channels, namely, Text message, Skype, WeChat, and QQ. Therefore, we added all these channels in the instruction of our cyber incivility survey in the ESM.

  5. We ran another CFA that included sleep quality and fixed its factor loading to its latent construct as 1 and its error variance as 0 (Lin et al., 2019). The results are almost identical to those of the CFA without sleep quality (χ2 (70) = 111.58, χ2/df = 1.59; CFI = .98; TLI = .97; RMSEA = .02; SRMR Within-level = .03, and SRMR Between-level = .06).

  6. Although not a very rigorous criterion, 90% CI is acceptable to evaluate the statistical significance of a mediating relationship (Preacher et al., 2010). 90% CI has been also applied in testing a directional research hypothesis, such as in our study (e.g., Kang et al., 2016).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Managerial Studies, College of Business Administration, University of Illinois Chicago, 601 S Morgan St, 22 University Hall, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA

    Xing Wang

  2. Department of Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, China Europe International Business School, Shanghai, China

    Tae-Yeol Kim

  3. School of Education, Soochow University, Su Zhou, China

    Hongli Li

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Wang, X., Kim, TY. & Li, H. Why and for whom cyber incivility affects task performance? Exploring the intrapersonal processes and a personal boundary condition. Asia Pac J Manag (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-022-09865-2

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