Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Impact of tillage cum crop establishment methods and nutrient management strategies on wet rice (Oryza sativa L): crop productivity, water footprint, soil health and profitability in typic Ustochrept soils under semi-arid sub-tropical environment

  • Article
  • Published:
Paddy and Water Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The current research was conducted in 2019 and 2020 during rainy (Kharif) seasons to determine various tillage-based crop establishment methods and nutrient management strategies that could be implemented to reduce different field inputs viz. water and nutrients for enhancing water footprint, soil health, productivity and profitability of rice (Oryza Sativa L) in Typic Ustochrept soils under semi-arid sub-tropical environment. The conventional puddled transplanted rice (CT–TPR) was recorded significantly higher grain yield (4043 and 4129 kg ha−1) and straw yield (6271 and 6379 kg ha−1) than wide bed transplanted rice (WBed–TPR) treatments. The improvement in the grain yield was about 4.39% and 4.03% under CT–TPR than WBed–TPR during 2019 and 2020. The highest total water footprint (TWFP) was observed under CT–TPR, whereas WBed–TPR (0.44 kgm−3) yielded the greatest water productivity (WPIRRI), respectively. The highest net profit, B: C ratio and soil health indicators, i.e., particulate organic carbon (POC), total organic carbon (TOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in soil, were also recorded maximum in WBed–TPR than CT–TPR respectively. Among the nutrient management practices, with the applications of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), farm yard manure (FYM), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Azatobactor and zinc worked synergistically and increased grain yields by 53.4, 51.3, 47.9 and 46.2% over their respective control. The improved soil health status, i.e., POC, TOC and MBC in soil, was highest with (N9) organics practices @ FYM (30 t ha−1) + PSB (5 kg ha−1) + Azotobacter 20 kg ha−1 + ZnSO4 25 kg ha−1. The highest TWFP was observed with N1 (control) and N2 (100% RDF + ZnSO4 25 kg ha−1), while lowest was found in N9 (organic practices), respectively. Results also indicated that highest net profit, gross income and B: C ratio were recorded in 100% RDF + ZnSO4 25 kg ha−1 + FYM (5 t ha−1) + PSB (5 kg ha−1) + Azotobacter 20 kg ha−1 (N7), respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson JPE, Domsch KH (1978) A physiological method for the quantitative measurement of microbial biomass in soil. Soil Biol Biochem 10:215–221

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Argal MS (2017). Effect of organic and inorganic sources of plant nutrients on wheat production and soil health in Chambal Ravine. Ph.D. Thesis submitted to the Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Collage of Agriculture, Gwalior (M.P.)

  • Bakhshandeh E, Rahimian H, Pirdashti H, Nematzadeh GA (2015) Evaluation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on thegrowth and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropped innorthern Iran. J Appl Microbiol 119:1371–1382

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhuyan MHM, Ferdousi MR, Iqbal MT (2012) Yield and Growth Response to Transplanted Aman Rice under Raised Bed over Conventional Cultivation Method. International Scholarly Research Network, ISRN Agronomy, p 8

    Google Scholar 

  • Cai XL, Sharma BR (2010) Integrating remote sensing, census and weather data for an assessment of rice yield, water consumption and water productivity in the Indo-Gangetic river basin. Agri Water Manag 97(2):309–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cambardella CA, Elliott ET (1992) Particulate organic matter across a grassland cultivation sequence. Soil Sci Soc Am J 56:777–783

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chapagain AK, Hoekstra AY (2011) The blue, green and grey water footprint of rice from production and consumption perspectives. Ecol Econ 70:749–758

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen SL, Tsai MK, Huang YM et al (2018) Diversity and characterization of Azotobacter isolates obtained from rice rhizosphere soils in Taiwan. Ann Microbiol 68:17–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-017-1312-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chukalla AD, Krol MS, Hoekstra AY (2015) Green and blue water footprint reduction in irrigated agriculture: effect of irrigation techniques, irrigation strategies and mulching. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 19:4877–4891

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daniela RC, Mark EL, Bruce AL (2017) Rice yields and water use under alternate wetting and drying irrigation: a meta-analysis. J Field Crops Res 203:173–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donald CM, Hamblin J (1976) The biological yield and harvest index of cereals as agronomic and plant breeding criteria. Adv Agron 28:361–404

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garai TK, Datta JK, Mondal NK (2013) Evaluation of integrated nutrient management onbororice in alluvial soil and its impacts upon growth, yield attributes, yield and soil nutrient status. Arch Agron Soil Sci 60:1–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gautam O, Sharma GD, Rana R, Lal B (2012) Performance of hybrid rice INM in SRI under mid-hill condition of HP. J Agric Sci Carnbridg 32(2):52–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Gleeson T, Wada Y, Bierkens MFP, Van Beek LPH (2012) Water balance of global aquifers revealed by groundwater footprint. Nature 488(7410):197–200

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez KA, Gomez AA. (1984) Statistical procedures for agricultural research (2 ed.). John wiley and sons, NewYork, 680p

  • Hoekstra AY, Chapagain AK (2007) Water footprints of nations: water use by people as a function of their consumption pattern. Water Resour Manag 21:35–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoekstra AY, Chapagain AK (2008) Globalization of water: sharing the planet’s freshwater resources. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, U.K

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoff H (2011) Understanding the Nexus. In Proceedings of the Bonn 2011 Conference: The Water, Energy and Food Security Nexus, Stockholm, Sweden, 16–18 November 2011; Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI): Stockholm, Sweden. Source: https://mediamanager.sei.org/documents/Publications/SEI-Paper-Hoff-UnderstandingTheNexus-2011.pdf

  • Horwath WR, Paul EA (1994) Microbial Biomass”. In: Weaver RW et al (eds) Methods of Soil Analysis—Part 2, Microbiological and Biochemical Properties, 2nd edn. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, pp 753–771. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.2.c36

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Huang S, Zhao C, Zhang Y, Wang C (2017) Nitrogen use efficiency in rice. In: Fahad S (ed) Nitrogen in Agriculture Updates; Amanullah. IntechOpen, London, UK, pp 188–208. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.69052

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Jat ML, Gathala MK, Ladha JK, Saharawat YS, Jat AS, Kumar V, Sharma SK, Kumar V, Gupta R (2009) Evaluation of precision land levelling and double zero-till systems in the rice–Wheat rotation: Water use, productivity, proftability and soil physical properties. Soil till Res 105:112–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kadiyala M, Li R (2012) Impact of aerobic rice cultivation on growth, yield, and water productivity of rice–maize rotation in semiarid tropics. Agron J 104(6):1757–1765

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karimi P, Bastiaanssen WGM, Molden D, Cheema MJM (2013) Basin-wide water accounting based on remote sensing data: an application for the Indus Basin. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 17:2473–2486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kecskés ML, Choudhury ATMA, Casteriano AV, Deaker R, Roughley RJ, Lewin L, Ford R, Kennedy IR (2015) Effects of bacterial inoculant biofertilizers on growth, yield and nutrition of rice in Australia. J Plant Nutr 39:377–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keys PW, Barnes EA, Vander Ent RJ, Gordon LJ (2014) Variability of moisture recycling using a precipitationshed framework. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 18:3937–3950. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3937-2014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan HI (2018) Appraisal of biofertilizers in rice: to supplement inorganic chemical fertilizer. Rice Sci 25:357–362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiptala JK, Mul ML, Mohamed YA, Vander Zaag P (2014) Modelling stream flow and quantifying blue water using a modified STREAM model for a heterogeneous, highly utilized and data-scarce river basin in Africa. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 18:2287–2303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kukal SS, Singh Y, Yadav S, Humphreys EJ, Kaur FA (2008) Why grain yield of transplanted rice on permanent raised beds declines with time? Soil Till. Res 99:267–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar V, Naresh RK, Tomar VK, Kumar R, Vivek KR, Yadav RB, Mahajan NC, Singh A, Singh SP, Chandra S, Yadav OS (2019) Growth, yield and water productivity of scented rice (Oryza sativa L.) as Influenced by crop establishment methods and integrated nutrient management practice. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 8(06):2319–7706

    Google Scholar 

  • Malo M, Sarkar A (2019) Nutrient uptake, soil fertility status and nutrient use efficiency of rice as influenced by inorganic and bio-fertilizer in new Alluvial Zone of West Bengal. Curr J Appl Sci Technol 38:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Midya A, Saren BK, Dey JK, Maitra S, Praharaj S, Gaikwad DJ, Gaber A, Alhomrani M, Hossain A (2021) Crop establishment methods and integrated nutrient management improve: part II. nutrient uptake and use efficiency and soil health in rice (Oryza sativa L.) field in the lower indo-gangetic plain. India Agron 11:1894. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091894

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohanty S, Wassmann R, Nelson A, Moya P, Jagadish SVK (2013) Rice and Climate Change: Significance for Food Security and Vulnerability; IRRI Discussion Paper Series; International Rice Research Institute: Los Banos, Philippines, p. 14. http://books.irri.org/DPS49_content.pdf

  • Naresh RK, Timsina J, Dwivedi A, Kumar V, Singh V, Shukla AK, Singh SP, Gupta RK (2017a) Water footprint of rice from both production and consumption perspective assessment using remote sensing under subtropical India: a review. Int Chem Stu 5(1):343–350

    Google Scholar 

  • Naresh RK, Ghosh A, Kumar V, Gupta RK, Singh SP, Purushottam KV, Singh V, Mahajan NC, Kumar A, Singh O (2017b) Tillage crop establishment and organic inputs with Kappaphycus-sap effect on soil organic carbon fractions and water footprints under six year rice-wheat rotation. Int J Curr Res Aca Rev 5(5):57–69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naresh RK, Tomar SS, Kumar D, Samsher P, Singh SP, Dwivedi A, Kumar V (2014) Experiences with rice grown on permanent raised beds: effect of crop establishment techniques on water use. Rice Science, Productivity, Profitability and Soil Physical Properties. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60185-7

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Naresh RK, Rathore RS, Dhaliwal SS, Yadav RB, Kumar D, Singh SP et al (2015) Crop establishment methods: foliar and basal nourishment of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation affecting growth parameters, water saving, productivity and soil physical properties. Paddy Water Environ 14(3):373–386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nataraja TH, Naika R, Shankarappa SK, Reddy KV, Abdelmohsen SAM, Al-Harbi FF, El-Abedin TKZ, Elansary HO, Abdelbacki AMM (2021) Productivity of paddies as influenced by varied rates of recommended nutrients in conjunction with Biofertilizers in local landraces. Agronomy 11:1165. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pastor AV, Ludwig F, Biemans H, Hoff H, Kabat P (2013) Accounting for environmental flow requirements in global water assessments. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci Discuss 10:14987–15032. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-5041-2014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raes D, Steduto P, Hsiao TC (2013) Reference manual, Chapter 2, Aqua Crop model, Version 4.0. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma PK, De Datta SK (1986) Physical properties and process of puddled rice soil. Adv Soil Sci 5:139–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma A, Singh SV, Patel A, Yadav RA (2017) Growth and yield of scented rice (Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by integrated nutrient management practices. Res Crops 18(3):409–414

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shin D, Lee S, Kim TH, Lee JH, Park J, Lee J, Lee JY, Cho LH, Choi JY, Lee W et al (2020) Natural variations at the stay-green gene promoter control lifespan and yield in rice cultivars. Nat Commun 11:2819

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Silalertruksa T, Shabbir H, Gheewala MR, Nilsalab P, Lecksiwilai N, Sawaengsak W (2017) Implications of water use and water scarcity footprint for sustainable rice cultivation. Sustainability 9:2283. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sravan US, Singh SP (2019) Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and quality of basmati rice varieties. J Agric Sci 11:93. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n5p93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subehia SK, Verma S, Sharma SP (2005) Effect of long-term use of chemical fertilizers with and without organics on forms of soil acidity, phosphorus adsorption and crop yields in an acid soil. J Indian Soc Soil Sci 53:308–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Verma VK, Meena RN, Gautam A, Gaurav TV, Kumar A (2015) Effect of crop establishment method and different source of Zn on growth, yield and quality of rice. The Eco Scan 9(3&4):873–876

    Google Scholar 

  • Walkley A, Black CA (1934) An examination of digestion method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid tiltration method. Soil Sci 37:29–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (2017) Databank: Agricultural Land (% of Land Area). Available online: https://data.worldbank.org/ indicator/AG.LND.AGRI.ZS (accessed on 5 May 2017).

  • Zang CF, Liu J, Vander VM, Kraxner F (2012) Assessment of spatial and temporal patterns of green and blue water flows under natural conditions in inland river basins in North West China. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 16:2859–2870

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, U.P., India

    Mandapelli Sharath Chandra, R. K. Naresh & Rahul Kumar

  2. Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Kapurthala Ludhiana, Punjab, 144601, India

    Rajan Bhatt

  3. Department of Agricultural Sciences, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India

    Manisha

  4. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Vasantrao Naik Marthwada Agricultural University, Parbhani, M.H., India

    Papita H. Gourkhede

  5. Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

    Praveen V. Kadam & Sandeep Gawdiya

Authors
  1. Mandapelli Sharath Chandra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. K. Naresh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rajan Bhatt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Manisha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Papita H. Gourkhede
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Rahul Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Praveen V. Kadam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Sandeep Gawdiya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mandapelli Sharath Chandra.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chandra, M.S., Naresh, R.K., Bhatt, R. et al. Impact of tillage cum crop establishment methods and nutrient management strategies on wet rice (Oryza sativa L): crop productivity, water footprint, soil health and profitability in typic Ustochrept soils under semi-arid sub-tropical environment. Paddy Water Environ 21, 165–179 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-022-00919-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-022-00919-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation