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Adaptive Immunity Systems of Bacteria: Association with Self-Synthesizing Transposons, Polyfunctionality

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Abstract

Microbial cells are constantly threatened by invasion of foreign genetic elements. There are many mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including viruses, plasmids, transposons, etc., that invade them. Such selective pressure provoked the production of various defense systems in bacteria and other microorganisms, such as restriction–modification, abortive infection, exclusion of phage superinfection, toxin–antitoxin modules, argonaute proteins, and adaptive immune response. In this paper, we will consider the adaptive immunity systems of bacteria and archaea (CRISPR-Cas), their complex organization and functioning, the data on their origin associated with a new class of transposons, self-replicating casposons and other MGEs, and their role in the regulation of virulence genes and other important bacterial functions, as well as data on production in MGE systems that oppose adaptive immunity.

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  1. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia

    T. S. Ilyina

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Ilyina, T.S. Adaptive Immunity Systems of Bacteria: Association with Self-Synthesizing Transposons, Polyfunctionality. Mol. Genet. Microbiol. Virol. 37, 117–126 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0891416822030065

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