Skip to main content
Log in

Following the abusive leader? When and how abusive supervision influences victim’s creativity through observers

  • Published:
Asia Pacific Journal of Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Despite several studies exploring the effect of abusive supervision on employee creativity from various perspectives, the social side of creativity remains largely unexplored. Building on the social identity model of organizational leadership and the dynamic componential theory of creativity, we purported that abusive supervision would dampen victims’ creativity through coworkers’ ostracism, but this effect would critically depend on leaders’ in-group prototypicality. Results from a multi-wave and multi-source survey and a scenario experiment provided converging support to the proposed model. Specifically, we found that abusive supervisor was negatively related to employee creativity via coworkers’ ostracism only among leaders high (vs. low) in-group prototypicality. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmad, M. G., Klotz, A. C., & Bolino, M. C. (2021). Can good followers create unethical leaders? How follower citizenship leads to leader moral licensing and unethical behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(9), 1374–1390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions. Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amabile, T. M. (1983). The social psychology of creativity: a componential conceptualization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(2), 357–376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amabile, T. M. (1988). A model of creativity and innovation in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 10, 123–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amabile, T. M., & Pratt, M. G. (2016). The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations: making progress, making meaning. Research in Organizational Behavior, 36, 157–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Babalola, M. T., Kwan, H. K., Ren, S., Agyemang-Mintah, P., Chen, H., & Li, J. (2021). Being ignored by loved ones: understanding when and why family ostracism inhibits creativity at work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 42(3), 349–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, C. M., Lucianetti, L., Bhave, D. P., & Christian, M. S. (2015). You wouldn’t like me when I’m sleepy”: leaders’ sleep, daily abusive supervision, and work unit engagement. Academy of Management Journal, 58(5), 1419–1437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bliese, P. D. (2000). Within-group agreement, non-independence, and reliability: implications for data aggregation and analysis. In K. J. Klein & S. W. J. Kozlowski (Eds.), Multilevel theory, research, and methods in organizations: foundations, extensions, and new directions (pp. 349–381). Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breidenthal, A. P., Liu, D., Bai, Y., & Mao, Y. (2020). The dark side of creativity: coworker envy and ostracism as a response to employee creativity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 161, 242–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burton, J. P., Hoobler, J. M., & Scheuer, M. L. (2012). Supervisor workplace stress and abusive supervision: the buffering effect of exercise. Journal of Business and Psychology, 27(3), 271–279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan, D. (1998). Functional relations among constructs in the same content domain at different levels of analysis: a typology of composition models. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(2), 234–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, Y. N., Hu, C., Wang, S., & Huang, J. C. (2022). Political context matters: a joint effect of coercive power and perceived organizational politics on abusive supervision and silence. Asia Pacific Journal of Management. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-022-09840-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cicero, L., Pierro, A., & van Knippenberg, D. (2010). Leadership and uncertainty: how role ambiguity affects the relationship between leader group prototypicality and leadership effectiveness. British Journal of Management, 21(2), 411–421.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Cremer, D., van Dijke, M., & Mayer, D. M. (2010). Cooperating when “you” and “I” are treated fairly: the moderating role of leader prototypicality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(6), 1121–1133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enders, C. K., & Tofighi, D. (2007). Centering predictor variables in cross-sectional multilevel models: a new look at an old issue. Psychological Methods, 12(2), 121–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farmer, S. M., Tierney, P., & Kung-Mcintyre, K. (2003). Employee creativity in Taiwan: an application of role identity theory. Academy of Management Journal, 46(5), 618–630.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feather, N. T. (2008). Effects of observer’s own status on reactions to a high achiever’s failure: deservingness, resentment, schadenfreude, and sympathy. Australian Journal of Psychology, 60(1), 31–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferris, D. L., Brown, D. J., Berry, J. W., & Lian, H. (2008). The development and validation of the workplace ostracism scale. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1348–1366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerpott, F. H., Van Quaquebeke, N., Schlamp, S., & Voelpel, S. C. (2019). An identity perspective on ethical leadership to explain organizational citizenship behavior: the interplay of follower moral identity and leader group prototypicality. Journal of Business Ethics, 156(4), 1063–1078.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giessner, S. R., & van Knippenberg, D. (2008). License to fail”: goal definition, leader group prototypicality, and perceptions of leadership effectiveness after leader failure. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 105(1), 14–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gruter, M., & Masters, R. (1986). Ostracism as a social and biological phenomenon: an introduction. Ethology and Sociobiology, 7, 227–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gu, J., Song, J., & Wu, J. (2016). Abusive supervision and employee creativity in China: departmental identification as mediator and face as moderator. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 37(8), 1187–1204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gu, Q., Hempel, P. S., & Yu, M. (2020). Tough love and creativity: how authoritarian leadership tempered by benevolence or morality influences employee creativity. British Journal of Management, 31(2), 305–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hales, A. H., Kassner, M. P., Williams, K. D., & Graziano, W. G. (2016). Disagreeableness as a cause and consequence of ostracism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 42(6), 782–797.

    Google Scholar 

  • Han, G. H., Harms, P. D., & Bai, Y. (2017). Nightmare bosses: the impact of abusive supervision on employees’ sleep, emotions, and creativity. Journal of Business Ethics, 145(1), 21–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, A. F. (2013). Mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: a regression-based approach edn. Guilford Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirst, G., van Knippenberg, D., Zhou, J., Quintane, E., & Zhu, C. (2015). Heard it through the grapevine: indirect networks and employee creativity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(2), 567–574.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogg, M. A. (2001). A social identity theory of leadership. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5(3), 184–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, M. C., Cogswell, J. E., & Smith, M. B. (2020). The antecedents and outcomes of workplace ostracism: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(6), 577–596.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, J., Zheng, X., Tepper, B. J., Li, N., Liu, X., & Yu, J. (2022). The dark side of leader–member exchange: observers’ reactions when leaders target their teammates for abuse. Human Resource Management, 61(2), 199–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, R. (2002). Reflections on the state of leadership and leadership development. People and Strategy, 25(2), 4–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jahanzeb, S., Fatima, T., Bouckenooghe, D., & Bashir, F. (2019). The knowledge hiding link: a moderated mediation model of how abusive supervision affects employee creativity. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(6), 810–819.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, L. R., Demaree, R. G., & Wolf, G. (1984). Estimating within-group interrater reliability with and without response bias. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(1), 85–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, W., & Gu, Q. (2016). How abusive supervision and abusive supervisory climate influence salesperson creativity and sales team effectiveness in China. Management Decision, 54(2), 455–475.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R. E., Venus, M., Lanaj, K., Mao, C., & Chang, C. H. (2012). Leader identity as an antecedent of the frequency and consistency of transformational, consideration, and abusive leadership behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(6), 1262–1272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi, A., & Knight, A. P. (2015). Who defers to whom and why? Dual pathways linking demographic differences and dyadic deference to team effectiveness. Academy of Management Journal, 58(1), 59–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalshoven, K., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2009). Ethical leader behavior and leader effectiveness: the role of prototypicality and trust. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 5(2), 102–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenny, D. A., Mohr, C. D., & Levesque, M. J. (2001). A social relations variance partitioning of dyadic behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 127(1), 128–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiazad, K., Restubog, S. L. D., Zagenczyk, T. J., Kiewitz, C., & Tang, R. L. (2010). In pursuit of power: the role of authoritarian leadership in the relationship between supervisors’ machiavellianism and subordinates’ perceptions of abusive supervisory behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 44(4), 512–519.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kilduff, G. J., Elfenbein, H. A., & Staw, B. M. (2010). The psychology of rivalry: a relationally dependent analysis of competition. Academy of Management Journal, 53(5), 943–969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurzban, R., & Leary, M. R. (2001). Evolutionary origins of stigmatization: the functions of social exclusion. Psychological Bulletin, 127(2), 187–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwan, H. K., Zhang, X., Liu, J., & Lee, C. (2018). Workplace ostracism and employee creativity: an integrative approach incorporating pragmatic and engagement roles. Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(12), 1358–1366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S., Yun, S., & Srivastava, A. (2013). Evidence for a curvilinear relationship between abusive supervision and creativity in South Korea. Leadership Quarterly, 24(5), 724–731.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y., Li, N., Guo, J., Li, J., & Harris, T. B. (2018). A network view of advice-giving and individual creativity in teams: a brokerage-driven, socially perpetuated phenomenon. Academy of Management Journal, 61(6), 2210–2229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lian, H., Ferris, D. L., & Brown, D. J. (2012). Does power distance exacerbate or mitigate the effects of abusive supervision? It depends on the outcome. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(1), 107–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, D., Liao, H. U. I., & Loi, R. (2012). The dark side of leadership: a three-level investigation of the cascading effect of abusive supervision on employee creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 55(5), 1187–1212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, W., Zhang, P., Liao, J., Hao, P., & Mao, J. (2016). Abusive supervision and employee creativity: the mediating role of psychological safety and organizational identification. Management Decision, 54(1), 130–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, X. Y., Kwan, H. K., & Zhang, X. (2020). Introverts maintain creativity: a resource depletion model of negative workplace gossip. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 37(1), 325–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 83–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mao, Y., Liu, Y., Jiang, C., & Zhang, I. D. (2018). Why am I ostracized and how would I react?—A review of workplace ostracism research. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 35(3), 745–767.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mao, Y., He, J., & Yang, D. (2021). The dark sides of engaging in creative processes: coworker envy, workplace ostracism, and incivility. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 38(4), 1261–1281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mawritz, M. B., Mayer, D. M., Hoobler, J. M., Wayne, S. J., & Marinova, S. V. (2012). A trickle-down model of abusive supervision. Personnel Psychology, 65(2), 325–357.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mawritz, M. B., Dust, S. B., & Resick, C. J. (2014). Hostile climate, abusive supervision, and employee coping: does conscientiousness matter? Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(4), 737–747.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, M. S., & Ambrose, M. L. (2007). Abusive supervision and workplace deviance and the moderating effects of negative reciprocity beliefs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(4), 1159–1168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, M. S., Vogel, R. M., & Folger, R. (2015). Third parties’ reactions to the abusive supervision of coworkers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(4), 1040–1055.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owens, B. P., Wallace, A. S., & Waldman, D. A. (2015). Leader narcissism and follower outcomes: the counterbalancing effect of leader humility. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(4), 1203–1213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry-Smith, J. E., & Shalley, C. E. (2003). The social side of creativity: a static and dynamic social network perspective. Academy of Management Review, 28(1), 89–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903.

    Google Scholar 

  • Priesemuth, M. (2013). Stand up and speak up: employees’ prosocial reactions to observed abusive supervision. Business and Society, 52(4), 649–665.

    Google Scholar 

  • Priesemuth, M., & Schminke, M. (2019). Helping the neighbor? Prosocial reactions to observed abusive supervision in the workplace. Journal of Management, 45(3), 1225–1251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qiao, Y., Zhang, Z., & Jia, M. (2021). Their pain, our pleasure: how and when peer abusive supervision leads to third parties’ schadenfreude and work engagement. Journal of Business Ethics, 169(4), 695–711.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, S. L., O’Reilly, J., & Wang, W. (2013). Invisible at work: an integrated model of workplace ostracism. Journal of Management, 39(1), 203–231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schönbrodt, F. D., Back, M. D., & Schmukle, S. C. (2012). TripleR: an R package for social relations analyses based on round-robin designs. Behavior Research Methods, 44(2), 455–470.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, K. L., Restubog, S. L. D., & Zagenczyk, T. J. (2013). A social exchange-based model of the antecedents of workplace exclusion. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(1), 37–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seppälä, T., Lipponen, J., & Pirttilä-Backman, A. M. (2012). Leader fairness and employees’ trust in coworkers: the moderating role of leader group prototypicality. Group Dynamics, 16(1), 35–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shao, P., Li, A., & Mawritz, M. (2018). Self-protective reactions to peer abusive supervision: the moderating role of prevention focus and the mediating role of performance instrumentality. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(1), 12–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen, C., Yang, J., & Hu, S. (2020a). Combined effect of abusive supervision and abusive supervision climate on employee creativity: a moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen, C., Zhang, Y., Yang, J., & Liu, S. (2020b). Abusive supervision and employee creativity: a moderated mediation model. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 41(2), 193–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun, J., Li, W. D., Li, Y., Liden, R. C., Li, S., & Zhang, X. (2021). Unintended consequences of being proactive? Linking proactive personality to coworker envy, helping, and undermining, and the moderating role of prosocial motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(2), 250–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundie, J. M., Ward, J. C., Beal, D. J., Chin, W. W., & Geiger-Oneto, S. (2009). Schadenfreude as a consumption-related emotion: feeling happiness about the downfall of another’s product. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 19, 356–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tepper, B. J. (2000). Consequences of abusive supervision. Academy of Management Journal, 43(2), 178–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tepper, B. J., Henle, C. A., Lambert, L. S., Giacalone, R. A., & Duffy, M. K. (2008). Abusive supervision and subordinates’ organization deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(4), 721–732.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tepper, B. J., Moss, S. E., & Duffy, M. K. (2011). Predictors of abusive supervision: Supervisor perceptions of deep-level dissimilarity, relationship conflict, and subordinate performance. Academy of Management Journal, 54(2), 279–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tepper, B. J., Simon, L., & Park, H. M. (2017). Abusive supervision. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(1), 123–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ullrich, J., Christ, O., & van Dick, R. (2009). Substitutes for procedural fairness: prototypical leaders are endorsed whether they are fair or not. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(1), 235–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Knippenberg, D., & Hogg, M. A. (2003). A social identity model of leadership effectiveness in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 243–295.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Knippenberg, B., & van Knippenberg, D. (2005). Leader self-sacrifice and leadership effectiveness: the moderating role of leader prototypicality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(1), 25–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu, E., Huang, X., Jia, R., Xu, J., Liu, W., Graham, L., & Snape, E. (2020). The “evil pleasure”: abusive supervision and third-party observers’ malicious reactions toward victims. Organization Science, 31(5), 1115–1137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yam, K. C., Fehr, R., Keng-Highberger, F. T., Klotz, A. C., & Reynolds, S. J. (2016). Out of control: a self-control perspective on the link between surface acting and abusive supervision. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(2), 292–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida, D. T., Sendjaya, S., Hirst, G., & Cooper, B. (2014). Does servant leadership foster creativity and innovation? A multi-level mediation study of identification and prototypicality. Journal of Business Research, 67(7), 1395–1404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, X., & Bartol, K. M. (2010). Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: the influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Academy of Management Journal, 53(1), 107–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, H., Kwan, H. K., Zhang, X., & Wu, L. Z. (2014). High core self-evaluators maintain creativity: a motivational model of abusive supervision. Journal of Management, 40(4), 1151–1174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., & Liao, Z. (2015). Consequences of abusive supervision: a meta-analytic review. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 32(4), 959–987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, X., Zhou, J., & Kwan, H. K. (2017). Configuring challenge and hindrance contexts for introversion and creativity: joint effects of task complexity and guanxi management. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 143, 54–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J., & Liu, J. (2018). Is abusive supervision an absolute devil? Literature review and research agenda. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 35(3), 719–744.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, W., & Liu, W. (2019). Leader humility and taking charge: the role of OBSE and leader prototypicality. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2515.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng, X., & Liu, X. (2017). The buffering effect of mindfulness on abusive supervision and creative performance: a social cognitive framework. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1588.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank senior editor Rico Lam and two reviewers for highly constructive comments. The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [72272094, 71872109, 72271550], Program for Innovative Research Team of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics (2020110927), Program for Innovative Research Team of College of Business of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jingsong Li.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Cai, Y., Sun, F. & Li, J. Following the abusive leader? When and how abusive supervision influences victim’s creativity through observers. Asia Pac J Manag (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-022-09869-y

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-022-09869-y

Keywords

Navigation