Abstract
This study draws on the conservation of resources theory to explore the role of altruistic behavior in resource gain and loss spirals and the association between particular genetic markers and these spirals. Using experience sampling data and genetic analysis, we found that positive affect (T1) was directly associated with altruistic behavior. A payoff of increased positive affect resulted from such behavior (T2). Individuals who started work with an elevated level of fatigue (T1) engaged in less altruistic behavior and became more fatigued (T2). Altruistic behavior mediated the positive affect/fatigue at T1 and T2. Hence, altruistic behavior may promote a resource gain spiral by enhancing positive affect resources. Furthermore, it buffers against a resource loss spiral by preventing increased fatigue. Moreover, genetic testing showed that the 2R carriers of the DRD4 polymorphism would respond with stronger positive affect and less fatigue after performing altruistic behaviors compared to non-2R carriers. Therefore, our research revealed the moderating role of individual differences in the relationship between altruistic behavior and resource gain and loss spirals.
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Data availability
As part of IARR's encouragement of open research practices, the authors have provided the following information: This research was not pre-registered. The data used in the research are available. The data can be obtained by emailing: xiaofei@pku.edu.cn. The materials used in the research are available. The materials can be obtained by emailing: xiaofei@pku.edu.cn.
Change history
27 April 2023
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-023-09887-4
Notes
1 This research focused on the DRD4 gene on chromosome 11, which contains a 48-bp VNTR polymorphism in exon III (Tarazi & Baldessarini, 1999; Wang et al., 2004). The number of repeats of this position ranges from 2 to 11. The two-, four-, and seven-repeat (i.e., 2R, 4R, and 7R, respectively) alleles are the most common types, and the 4R allele is the most frequent polymorphism. The 7R allele is relatively uncommon (Van Tol et al., 1992) among Asians, whereas the 2R allele is more common (Chang et al., 1996). Most of the existing research on the DRD4 gene has compared 7R carriers with noncarriers, and 2R has been proposed to replace 7R in Asians (Leung et al., 2005; Reist et al., 2007). In our study, because the participants were all Chinese, we compared the 2R and non-2R carriers. More information about participants’ DRD4 genotyping can be found in the supplementary material.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to appreciate Professor Jiping Li for her insightful suggestions to this research. Also, we would like to extend our sincere gratitude to West China Hospital for helping us with data collection and the members of Risk and Decision-making lab of Psychology, School of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences of Peking University for their helpful support on the research.
Funding
This research was financially funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (72002139, 71974005 and 71772007).
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Jia, H., Chuang, Y., Zheng, L. et al. The role of altruistic behavior and genetic influence of DRD4 in resource gain and resource loss spirals. Asia Pac J Manag (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-023-09870-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-023-09870-z